大英三听力填空题

UNIT 1Item1A business plan, in the words of the Small Business Administration in Washington, is a tool with three basic purposes. As a communication tool, it can show possible investors how well you have considered your ideas. As management tool , it can list goals and ways to measure progress . And as a planning tool, it can help guide a business around problems.For people starting a new business, the biggest problems commonly involve financing. Entrepreneurs often seek venture capital. This is money from wealthy individuals or investment companies for the purpose of building new businesses.Each year, entrepreneurs with ideas for the “next big thing” flood venture capitalists with business plans. But John Mullins of the London Business School, writing in the Wall Street Journal, says most business plans are never even fully read.A good business plan, he says, must define a problem that the new business will solve. Many plans fail to show how a product or service meets a need.Item2Business are structured in different ways to meet different needs.The simplest form of business is called an individual proprietorship. The proprietor owns all of the property of the business and is responsible for everything.This means the proprietor gets to keep all of the profits of the business, but also must pay any debts. The law recognizes no difference between the owner and the business.Another kind of business is the partnership. Two or more people go into business together. An agreement is usually needed to decide how much of the partnership each person controls.There are limited liability partnerships. These have full partners and limited partners. Limited partners may not share as much in the profits, but they also do not have as many responsibilities.Doctors, lawyers and accountants often form partnerships to share the profits and risks of doing business. A husband and wife can form a business partnership.Partnerships can end at any time. But the partnerships and individual proprietorships exist only as long as the owners are alive.UNIT 2Item1Possibly the biggest space story this year was the discovery of water on the moon. The best evidence was provided by a dramatic experiment carried out on October 9th. NASA used its Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite, or LCROSS, to look for water deep beneath the lunar surface.To get below the ancient lunar rocks, NASA crashed a rocket into the moon’s South Pole. The crash caused soil to be expelled many kilometers above the lunar surface. LCROSS studied the soil before it too crashed into the moon. The experiment pushed the search for water several meters below the lunar surface, much deeper than had been possible before.In November, Anthony Colaprete, a leading scientist with the LCROSS project, spoke about information gathered by the spacecraft. He said about 100 kilograms of water had been found in the material ejected by the moon crash. Water has now been confirmed in amounts much greater than had been thought.Item2People from almost all cultures throughout history have been making objects from wood. Some of the first wooden objects included weapons and tools. Early cultures also learned to make boats, buildings and furniture for the home from this material. However, it is not always easy to say which wooden objects existed during a historical period because they often did not last as long as objects made from clay or metal.Experts say most current woodworking tools were developed by the beginning of the Bronze Age, about 5,000 years ago. These tools include the saw, axe, chisel and drill, which are used to cut and shape wood in different ways. The lathe may have been developed as early as 2,700 years ago.This tool holds and rotates the wood. As the wood turns, the wood worker uses a sharp tool to slowly and evenly cut pieces from the wood.UNIT 3Item 1President Bush’s twenty-six year old twin daughter, Jenna, is getting married on Saturday, May tenth. But this social event will not be held at the White House. Barbara Klein tells us about the wedding plans.Jenna Bush did not want a wedding at the White House. She said she and her future husband love the outdoors and wanted an outdoor wedding. She chose to have the wedding in Texas because it is her home. About two hundred people are expected to attend the ceremony and party Saturday evening at the Bush ranch in Crawford. First Lady Laura Bush describes it as a "small and private" wedding. Jenna Bush will wear a dress designed by Oscar de la Renta. Her twin sister, Barbara, will serve as maid of honor. Fourteen young women will serve as attendants to the bride.Jenna Bush is marrying Henry Hager who is twenty-nine. He was a White House intern in 2003. He met Jenna while working on her father's reelection campaign in 2004. Mister Hager is finishing stud ies for his master’s degree in business from the University of Virginia. Jenna is a former schoolteacher and has written two books. The couple will live in Baltimore, Maryland after their marriage.Item 2Sunday was Mother's Day in the United States. People are supposed to do something to honor their mom.But a yearly list of their best and worst places to be a mother and child rates the United States eleventh, behind Britain. Scandinavian countries are at the top. Sweden is number one. Demark is second. Finland is third.Save the Children, an American-based humanitarian organization, compared conditions in 110 countries. The report came out last week.Save the Children based its report on six conditions related to the health and security of women. These include the risk of early death and the rate of modern birth control methods. Another measure was the percentage of births with the aid of trained medical workers. Still another was the percentage of pregnant women with a shortage of iron in the blood.The study also examined reading levels among women and the involvement of women in national government. Four other conditions related to the health and education of children.UNIT5Item1Scientists have discovered a genetic change that can cause malignant melanoma, the mostserious kind of skin cancer. The cancer then spread through the body. Malignant melanoma kills almost 40,000 people around the world each year.The new research was reported in the publication Nature. The work was done by medical scientists involved in the Cancer Project at the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute in Cambridge, England. The aim of the Cancer Genome Project is to find which of the 30,000 human genes are involves in cancer.Genes contain material called DNA. The order of DNA in a gene is represented by a series of letters. A change, or mutation, or viruses can damage DNA. Damage also can cancerous mistakes before cell divide.Most of these mutations are harmless. However, sometimes a mutation in a gene will cause cells to act in an unusual way. For example, a changed gene will cause a cell to divide when it should stop dividing. Or the cell will move away from its normal place and into another organ. This is how cancer begins. Experts say it takes about 25 years from the time of the first gene mutation until a result from growth in adults.Item 2Doctors perform transplants to replace organs or tissue in a person who is sick or injured.There are records of transplant operation that took place in 1823. A German doctor Carl Bunger, remo ved skin from a woman’s leg and used it to rebuild her nose.Scientists later show that the defense system in the body tries to reject the tissue transplanted from other people.Rejection continue to be a problem for transplants well into 20th century. In 1958, the French doctor Jean Dausset discovered a system to match tissue. This is a way to make sure the tissue to be transplanted is closely similar to the patient’s own.In 1972, the Swiss scientist Jean Borel discovered that the drug cyclosporine could stop the rejection. Cyclosporine is made from a fungus that lives in soil. Experts say this drug is the most important reason for the success of transplant operation today.。