英语习语与风俗习惯

英语习语与风俗习惯（Idiom ＆Customs）
学习目标：了解英语的习语和风俗习惯
情感目标：通过对习语和风俗的掌握，学会如何翻译英语
重点难点：掌握习语和风俗
预习案
【课前阅读】英语习语的理解与翻译
•在语言的发展过程中，人们进过长期的社会实践提炼出一些固定的短语或短句，这就是习语(idiom)，也是语言的精华，是人们智慧的结晶。

•特点：习语大多短小精悍、言简意赅、生动形象、通俗易懂，是广大人民所喜闻乐见的一种形象化的语言，不仅具有浓郁的民族和地方色彩，还集中体现了语言中的各种修辞手法。

•通常采用的四种翻译方法：直译法、直译加注法、套译法和意译法
【观察】注意下列习语及划线部分
A storm in a tea cup .小题大做
Pie in the sky 不能保证实现的许诺
Cheese cake 性感的女性
Like /want jam on it 希望好上加好
On the beer 烂醉如泥，狂欢Lucky dog 幸运的人
Jack of both sides .比喻“模棱两可的人，骑墙派”
Lazy dog 懒汉An honest Joe 没有特别兴趣的普通老实人
【总结】从上列划线部分可以看出，影响英语习语的词汇有
探究案
翻译下列句子，注意所给短语在句子中的含义
①Earn one 's bread
e.g He earns his bread by working in a restaurant.
②Bread and circuses
e.g Saturday is bread and circuses time .
③Bread and butter
e.g Don 't quarrel with your bread and butter .
④（look at if ）butter wouldn't melt in one's mouth
e.g When a visiter comes in she smiles and languishes ,you'd think that butter
wouldn't melt in one's mouth .
⑤Big cheese
e.g He said his goal was to become the big cheese in the company .
⑥Cup of tea
e.g Pop music is hardly my father's cup of tea .
⑦Put on the dog
e.g Because her father has two cars ,she is always putting on the dog
⑧Drink one's beer
e.g He kept talking all the time ,finally i had to ask him to drink his beer
.
⑨Have a (one's )finger in every pie
e.g She always wants to have a finger in the pie if the class organizes some
activities .
.
⑩ A clean slate
e.g Whatever his crimes ,every criminal who has come come out of prison should
be allowed to start a new job with a clean slate .
.
检测案
As we all know, an idiom is a speech form or an expression of a language that is peculiar grammatically. It cannot be understood from the individual meanings of its elements. Here is a story about a Chinese student meeting with an Englishman. A year ago, I paid no attention to English idioms, though my teacher emphasized the importance again and again. But recently, the importance of English idioms was shown in an amusing experience. One day, I happened to meet an Englishman on the road, and soon we began to talk. As I was talking about how I was studying English, the foreigner seemed to be surprised. Gently shaking his head and shrugging his shoulders, he said, “ You don’t say!” “ You don’t say!” I was puzzled, I thought, perhaps this was not a proper t opic. “Well, I’d better change the topic.” So I said to him, “Well, shall we talk about the Great Wall? By the way, have you been to the Great Wall?” “Certainly, everyone back home would laugh at me if I left China without seeing it. It is wonderful.” He w as deep in thought when I began to speak like a tourist guide. “The Great Wall of China is one of the wonders in the world. We are very proud of it.” Soon I was stopped again by his words: “You don’t say!” I couldn’t help asking, “Why do you ask me not to talk about it?” “Well, I didn’t ask you to do so,” he answered, greatly surprised. I said, “Didn’t you say ‘you don’t say’?” Hearing this, the Englishman laughed to tears. He began to explain, “ ‘You don’t say’ actually means ‘really’! It is an expression of surprise. Perhaps you don’t pay attention to English idioms.” Only then did I know how foolish I had been. Since that time I have been more careful with idiomatic expressions. Comprehension Questions:
(True or False)
1. We can judge the meaning of an English idiom on the surface ( )
2. “You don’t say!” is an English idiom with the meaning “really”. ( )
3. The Englishman hasn’t been to the Great Wall. ( )
4. The Chinese student finally realized the importance of English idioms. ( )。