剑桥商务英语中级第二版 6b enviromental report
剑桥商务英语大纲(中级)必备学习
美式论文、报告写作技巧编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。
研究生presentation 及seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。
如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。
美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。
反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。
通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下：(一) 篇首：封面(Title)序言(Preface)谢词(Acknowledge)提要(Summary)目录(Tables and Appendixes)(二) 本文：引言(Introduction)主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释(Footnotes)(三)参考资料：参考书目(References or Bibliography)附录资料(Appendix)。
进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。
题目可以提供研究者：一.研究的方向二.研究的范围三.资料搜集的范围四.预期研究成果通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。
构思为确定写作大纲或Proposal 的先前步骤，大纲是论文、报告的骨干，Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。
剑桥商务英语中级完整笔记(词汇)
《新编剑桥商务英语中级》-Vocabulary Unit 1a Teamworktoiletries：n. 化妆品厂、清洁、化妆用品公司major brands：主导品牌expatriate：n. 旅居海外的，移居国外的creative thinking：创新思维a survival course：生存技巧培训课程profile：n. 简介、小传、概况simulation：n. 模拟训练go for profit：追求利润behind schedule：进度落后于计划stick to the schedule：严格按计划进行Unit 1b Communicationexceed：v. 超越、胜过over-estimate：vt. 过高的估计manageable：adj. 便于管理understate：vt. 轻描淡写的说seminar：n. 研讨会、讨论会management：n.（企业、机关的）管理人员follow-up evaluation：后续评估deadline：n.最终期限complimentary ticket：免费赠送的票Self-study and Exam practicehave everything to do with：与…关系密切curriculum vitae：个人简历、履历，简称CVhuman factor：认为因素aggressive：adj. 咄咄逼人的、好斗indicate：vt. 显示、表明Unit 2a Entertainingcustomer satisfaction form：顾客满意、情况问卷表complete the form 填写表格questionnaire：n.调查表、问卷criteria：n. 标准（为criterion的复数形式）atmosphere：n.氛围attentiveness：n.殷勤、周到value for money：物有所值程度enhance：vt. 提高、增加mezzanine：n. （尤指介于一层与二层之间的）中层楼reasonable prices：合理的价格interior design：室内装修group dining：团体用餐catering requirement：餐饮要求tor groups：旅游团corporate events：公司社交活动wine tastings：品酒会steak：n.牛排company presentations：公司业务报告会business trip：公务旅行vegetarian：素食者call in：顺路到某处alike：adv. 一样的，相似的evolve：逐渐发展或完成pride ourselves on/upon：为…感到骄傲along with：同…一道be of importance：具有重要性to cater for：提供餐饮服务，接待gently：adv. 轻轻地，小心地strive：为获得…而努力奋斗concept：n. 概念，观念，想法distinctive：adj.与众不同的suitable：adj. 舒适，合适memorable：adj. 难忘的tourist：n. 游客，观光客awful：adj. 糟糕的，恶劣的Unit 2b Corporate hospitalitycorporate hospital：商务接待，企业社交tip：n. 技巧，窍门，忠告be in need of：需要mention：v. 提起，说起social setting：社交场合in due course：经过一段时间，到适当的时候poor timing：不合事宜trade fair：贸洽会teenage：adj. 少年的prospect：n. 可能的，潜在的顾客hook：钩子，吸引人们兴趣或注意力的方式a fact-finding mission：情况调查，实地考察substantial：adj.重大的，有影响的fortunately：adv. 幸运的concern：v. 对…有印象；n.担心sociable：adj. 好交际的，喜欢与人交往的ensure：v.确保，保证rugby：n. （英式）橄榄球intimate：adj.亲密的；n.至交，密友ability：n. 能力，技能，本领purposeful：adj. 有清晰目的，有明确目标chit-chat：n.（非正式）聊天，闲谈disposal：n. 丢弃，处理therefore：adv. 因此，所以see…as：把…看作lie in…：（原因、兴趣、答案等）在于…stand around：闲站着add up to：意味着，说明whisper into his ear：在某人耳边低声说话in term of：从…的角度来看，就…而言in due course/time：经过一段时间，到适当的时候Self-study and Exam practicecontinental breakfast：欧式早餐bilingual applicants：具有双语能力的申请者end-of-year party：年终聚会job advertisement：招工广告marketing secretary：营销部秘书P.A.（Personal Assistant）：私人助理administrative support：行政管理上的支持secretarial skills：文秘技能up-to-date information technology：最新的信息技术communications skills：沟通能力，交际技能science marketing assistant：科技营销助理an internal recruitment policy：内部招工政策official working hors：正式的工作时间long-term employment：长期雇用production manager：生产经理work overtime：加班take legal action against：对…提出诉讼settle the dispute：解决纠纷secretarial and administrativestaff：文秘及行政人员unforeseen circumstances：难以预料的情况meet agreed delivery dates：按约定的日期准时送货place your order with：向…定货outlet：n.代销店，专卖店legal advisers：法律顾问established customers：老顾客bring…up：把…提出来give…priority：优先考虑，处理某事a backlog of orders：积压的订单at one’s disposal：由…自由支配be popular with ab.：为惯用搭配，深受喜爱on…basis：在…基础上look forward to sth.：期盼，盼望price前一把用介词atvalue for money：物有所值cater for：承办an overview of…：对…的概述call in：来访call by: 顺道访问推迟到某个时间用postpone till/until…a long way from：离…还差得很远Unit 2 Customersreorganise：n.改组，改编loan：n.银行贷款forecast：n.预测consume：v.消费，消耗venture：n.风险项目warranty：n.（产品的）保证书oval：椭圆形finalise：v. 确定，最后定下backlog：n.积压未办的事情substantial：adj.重大的，可观的，坚固的，有影响的Unit 3a Ordering goodsmail order company：邮购计划headquarters：n.（公司）总部catalogue：n.商品目录单recommendation：n.推荐信、建议item：n. 产品、货物in standard length：标准长度的article：n. 商品、项目measurements charts：尺寸图knitted skirts：针织裙子vendor：n. 销售商asap（as soon as possible）尽快Unit 3b Cash flowcash flow：现金流向、现金流量，现金流动cash flow gap：现金流量差额case study：案例分析final payment：最后付款bar chart：柱形图down payment：订金bill：vt. 要求支付…的费用remainder：n.剩余物early settlement discount：提前付款折扣labor cost：劳动力成本credit terms：信用期限、信用条件outstanding：adj. 剩余的outstanding balance：剩余金额order books：订货薄a shortage of cash：现金短缺turnover：n. 营业额financing costs：筹措成本cash on delivery：货到即付款margin：n. 利润inventory：n.库存、存货penalty：n. 处罚、罚款potential customer：潜在客户hard sell：强行推销flat management culture：扁平化的管理结构Self-study and Exam practice workmanship：（尤指精细的）工艺，手艺negotiate：v.谈判，商定retail：v.零售detail：n.细节deliver：v. 把…送往delivery：n.送货measurement：n.长度，高度gap：n.缺口，差距forecast：n.预测，预报settlement：正式协议penalty：n.惩罚，处罚charge：n.费用，v.收费potential：adj.潜在的，可能的n.潜在性，可能性grant：n.给予，准予patient：adj.有耐心的，忍耐的patience：耐心，忍耐familiar：adj. 熟悉的average：adj.平均的lack：n. v. 没有，不足，缺乏aggressive：n.好斗的，雄心勃勃的furthermore：adv. 而且，不仅如此however：然而，不过，但是sector：n. （尤指商业、贸易等的）部门，行业accordion：n. 手风琴for instance：例如combination：组合，联合promotional：（电影、活动等）旨在推销（宣传）的combine：v. （使）组合equally：adv. 相同的，相等的equalize：v. 使相等的equality：n.平等segment：n. 部分alternate：adj. 轮流，交替cable：n. 电缆，缆绳forthcoming：adj. 即将，到来demonstrate：v. 证明，证实flatter：v. 奉承，讨好，感到荣幸cash on delivery：货到付款credit terms：信用期限，信用条件interest on…：…的利息，习惯用onpay for…：支付…的费用，用介词forpay in cash：in表示付款方式，以现金形式price…at：以…的价格，习惯用介词at cost of labor：劳动成本as down payment：作为订金outstanding balance：剩余金额30 days net：净30天early settlement discount：提前付款折扣penalty charge：罚款Unit 3 Commercecurrency：n.货币paying-in slip：【英】（银行）存款单payee：n.收款人deduct：v.减去，扣除transaction：n.交易，事务counterfoil：n.存根adviser：n. 顾问interest：n.利息cashier：n.出纳deposit：n.定金，首付dividend：n. 股息，红利deductible：adj. 减去haulage：n. 货运业，货运费consignment：n. 托运的货物margin：n. 页边，空白courier：n. （递送包裹或文件的）信徒logistic：n. 后勤；逻辑custom duty：关税overdraft：n.透支额Unit 4a Brand powerselling point：卖点environmental-friendliness：n. 对环境无害，有环保的特点user-friendliness：n.用户使用方便kitchen appliances：厨房用具competitive advantage：竞争优势diversify：vt. 多样化经营，增加产品种类own-label clothing：贴（名牌超市）自己品牌的服装saturate：vt. 使饱和supermarket chains：连锁超市industry analyst：行业分析家cut-price：削价出售retail food marker：食品零售市场mortgage：n.住房按揭，抵押margin：n. 利差，赚头boost profit：提高利润estate agent：房产商bonus points：（消费积分）loyalty scheme：忠实（顾客）奖励计划voucher：n.优惠，奖券interest rate：利率incentive：n.刺激，鼓励reputation：名誉、名望gradually：adv.逐渐的，逐步的eventually：adv.终于、最终survey：n.调查、审视combine：v.组合，综合outlet：n. 专卖店、分销店fixed rate：固定利率banking on a Brand：bank on既可解释为“依赖…获利”，也含有“对…抱有信心”。
BEC中级教材答案
第一单元P7 READING (5)1,open your mind 2 plan for disaster 3 get organized 4 set your limits 5 put pen to pap er 6 don’t feel guilty 7 two become one P9 GRAMMAR (5)1 need2 communicate3 have escaped4 have been working5 have been6 am working 7 answer P9 (SPEAKING)Writing 第六题work in pairs.中有可能选择其中一个话题进行作文。
P10 READING (4) AACCBABCAC第二单元P16 READING (4) → BACBCP18 GAMMAR (4) 1 began 2.trademarked 3.became 4.has been 5.has been working 6.has been 7.took partP19 GAMMAR (5) 1.have been working 2.joined 3.have had 4.have been considerin g 5.has expanded pleted 7.have been studying 8.has agreed P23 WRITING A MEMO第三单元P27 READING (3) unch 2.charge 3.fee 4.growth 5.concept 6.branch out P27 W riting（ 6.work in pairs.中有可能选择其中一个话题进行作文。
） P29 GRAMMAR (6) 1.’ll call 2.won’t rise 3.’re running 4.’m going to have 5.’leaves 6.will be opening 7.will have started 8.going to leave 9.’ll be receiving第六单元P57 SPEAKING 6问答题(答案没有找到，自主发挥) P58 GRAMMAR （1）1. ’s employed 2.must have been asked 3.is hoped 4 are being made 5to be looked at6 w ere taken on7 ’ll be firedGRAMMAR(3)1.will be given 2.is being reviewed 3.have been offered 4.was set up 5 .will be given 6.to be look 7.is hoped 8.have been delayed P59 GRAMMAR （5）1.to assess 2.was unfairly dismissed 3.was followed 4.has been found 5.had failed 6.is reported 7.gave 8.was dismissed 9.appears 10.is recommended 11.should be carried 1 2.will helpP61 READING (2) →BFDAECP62 1 翻译（可能从着5篇短文中出）第七单元P66 READING (3) BCBDP69 GRAMMAR (6) 1.bad 2.most 3.most enjoyable 4.more 5.than 6.better 7.as 8.bett er P70 READING (2)→BADCD BCABA BDBCC Memo例文 To: All Staff From: (name of student) Date:4,julySubject: Parental LeaveFurther to our previous meeting ,I am pleased to comfirm that parental leave for fathe rs has been extended to three weeks .The new system will come into operation as fro m 4th SEPTEMBER. May I remind you that your managers will require one month’s notice?。
新编剑桥商务英语(中级)Module_2
Useful language from Module 2Wordlistbranch headquarters promotiontake part in call centre holding company recognition take seriously cash bonus manufacturing research and developmenttake with a pinch of salt corporation parental leave distribution centre pension reward trademark division perks subsidiary turnover flexible plant take care warehouse found (a company) position take onExpressionsPresentingGood morning and thanks for coming.Today I'd like to tell you about...If you have any questions, I'll be happy to answer them at the end.In my brief presentation we'll begin by looking at... First of all there's.../ and finally there's...Then I'll give an overview of...OK, let's move on to look at...One thing I'd like to point out is...Take a look at this chart, which shows...Here you can see...Finally. I'd like to talk about...So that brings me to the end of my presentation. Thanks for listening.Are there any questions?Module 2.1 Company benefitsBenefits and incentivesV ocabulary1) Ask students to work alone as they rank the ten items and then compare and discuss in pairs. Make sure they give reasons.ExtensionIn Part Two of the Speaking Test, students might need to give a one-minute presentation entitled, "What is important when choosing a job?". Put students in pairs and tell them to practise a similar presentation, taking turns to be the examiner or the candidate. Students can use some of the ideas listed in exercise 1. 2) 2.1 Students listen out for five of the benefits and incentives in exercise 1. Note that this is a similar task to Part Two of the Listening Test.Answers1 a company car2 flexible working hours3 parental leave4 an impressive job title5 a pension2.1 Listening scriptSpeaker 1 It's great because usually it means my wife can use the one at home and we even take mine away at weekends. I work for quite a relaxed company and they don't seem to mind how I use it for leisure.Speaker 2I thought it wouldn't change the way I worked after the first six months, but as they got older it actually became more complicated with getting them to school or if they wanted to do activities in the afternoon. But my boss has been really good about it and some days I can do a half day if I want and then I might work later on other days - or I take work home, which I don't like doing, but it's the only way... Speaker 3 It's actually the law now so they had to let me have it. It was only two weeks but at least I had time to help my wife out. Mind you, after all the late nights and crying I was really happy to get back to work for a while and have a rest!Speaker 4I've just been promoted from Assistant IT Technician to Chief Operational Network Administrator. It means I get a bit of a pay rise and new business cards with my name on. I'm not sure if I get my own office though.Speaker 5The problem for me is that I won't have enough to live on when I'm 60 and I can't afford a private plan. So I'll probably try and keep working for a few more years, and anyway, I heard the government is planning to raise the age of retirement...Is working for Xerox too good to be true?Reading3) Set students a time limit of about three minutes to answer the question. The aim is to find any benefits and incentives, but tell students not to read in too much detail at this stage.Answersopportunities for promotion, training and staff development, a pension*Note that the article also mentions a "reward and recognition scheme" which is another form of incentive.4) Now students read the article in much more detail to answer questions 1-5. Refer them to the Exam Success tip on reading the complete text before answering any questions.Answers1 B2 A3 C4 B5 CExpressions with takeV ocabulary5 As a quick lead-in, ask students to brainstorm collocations and expressions they can think of with take, eg take a day off, take a taxi, take a break, take off, etc.Answers1 take (Moloney's comments) with a pinch of salt2 take care of3 Take (Carole Palmer)4 took part in5 takes on6 takes seriouslyExtensionAsk students to write six new sentences using take from the exercise. They can relate the sentences to their own work or life, eg I'd take the news of a pay rise with a pinch of salt. (not so sure, doubtfully)Module 2.1 Company benefitsAsking questions about jobsSpeaking1) Tell students to imagine they were the journalist writing the article on Xerox on the previous page. They need to create the questions they asked during the interviews with Kim Moloney and Carole Palmer. The article offers clues as to the tense needed for each question. This exercise should be a review for students at this level and provides some basic questions for asking about a job.Answers1 How long have you been working for the company?2 When did you join (the company)?3 What was your first job?4 What are you responsible for?5 Where are you based?6 What would you like to do in the future?2) Students practice asking and answering the questions. If possible, try to pair students who haven't yet met in the class. Make sure the answers use the correct tense and give feedback.The PastGrammar3) Students match the three verb forms to the correct tense definitions.AnswersPast simple: startedPresent perfect: has movedPresent perfect continuous: has been workingRefer students to the Grammar reference on page 128. Suggest they also re-read the information on the present perfect and present perfect continuous in Module 1. Remind students that we tend not to use continuous forms with stative verbs. Also point out that verbs like work and live can often be used in the present perfect and present perfect continuous form with little change in meaning. The main change in emphasis is that the continuous form emphasises that the action is ongoing. You could also draw these timelines on the board to help clarify the meaning:Past simplePast NowX ↑Present perfectPastNowPast Now4) Students underline the correct verb form. When checking answers, ask students to try and explain their choice.Answers1 began2 trademarked3 became4 has been5 has been working6 has been7 took partPhotocopiable activity 2.1See page 162.5) Students complete the letter of application with the verbs in different tenses.Answers1 have been working2 joined3 have had4 have been considering5 has expanded / has been expanding (we are unsure if the expansion has ended)6 completed7 have been studying8 has agreedA letter of applicationWriting6) Begin by asking students if they have ever applied for a job. Elicit the process, eg Where did you find out about the job? Did you have to write a letter or fill in a form? This task resembles the format for Part Two of the Writing Test with students being given a text and then some handwritten notes. Ask students to underline key information. Make sure they realise that they must include the handwritten notes and stay within the word limit. If you are short of time this could be set as homework. If it is done in class, students could work in pairs and draft the letter together.Possible answerDear Sir or Madam,I saw your advert for the post of Personal Assistant to Overseas Sales Manager in yesterday's newspaper and I would like to apply for the position.As you can see from my attached CV, I have been working for a travel agency for the last six months, which I have really enjoyed. Before that I worked as a receptionist and secretary for two years.I have a good knowledge of English as I completed a course at college and I am also fluent in Italian having lived in Rome for the summer in 2006.Please note that my current manager has agreed to write me a reference. I look forward to hearing from you.Yours faithfully(students' name) Module 2.2 Presenting your companyCompany termsVocabulary1) This activity checks that students know some key vocabulary before starting. The definitions are in the information files on pages 126 and 131, or students can check in their dictionaries.During the task, make sure students know how to pronounce all the words. It may be helpful to drill the word stress in these words:distribution, warehouse, headquarters, subsidiary, corporation, division.PresentationsListening2) 2.2 For this first listening, students only need to listen out for the words in exercise 1.Answersheadquarters corporation divisions2.2 Listening scriptExtract 1 Good morning and thanks for coming. Today I'd like to tell you about the world's largest document management company. With a turnover of nearly sixteen billion dollars the Xerox Corporation develops and markets innovative technologies with products and solutions that customers depend upon to get the best results for their business. In my brief presentation we'll begin by looking at some of the key figures behind the company's success and how the company is structured. Then I'll give an overview of Xerox around the world and finally I'd like to talk about some of the trends affecting out market and its future growth. If you have any questions, I'll be happy to answer them at the end. So, here you can see, the turnover for last year was nearly sixteen billion dollars, with a final income of 978 million dollars. We operated from our headquarters in Rochester New York State in 160 countries with 55,000 employees, with over half of those in the USA. This next chart shows you how the corporation is split into four divisions. First of all there's Xerox Global Services...Extract 2And finally there's Xerox Innovation with five centres in the United States, Canada and Europe. Note that six percent of revenue was dedicated toresearch and development last year as the key part of our mission statement is, and I quote, "to help people find better ways to do great work." OK, let's move on to look at Xerox around the world in a little more detail. Take a look at this chart, which shows revenue by region. So about half our revenue is from the US market. Then Europe with over five billion dollars and the rest of the world with over two. One thing I'd like to point out is...Extract 3 Finally, how is the market for the document industry looking? Well it would be unrecognisable to the people who founded the orginal company in 1906 and even compared to the second half of the twentieth century. More and more offices are moving from black and white printing to color, and from paper documents to electronic documents. These are clearly the future opportunities and areas of growth in what is a total market worth an estimated 112 billion dollars...So that brings me to the end of my presentation. Thanks for listening. I hope it's been of interest. Are there any questions?3) Students can work in pairs and try to say the numbers. In order to check their answers, you could play the recording again so students can listen for pronunciation.Answerssixteen billionnine hundred and seventy-eight millionone hundred and sixtyfifty-five thousandhalffoursixfive billiontwo billionnineteen oh sixone hundred and twelve billion4) 2.2 Students listen again and write notes.Answers16,000,000,000 turnover978,000,000,000 final income160 countries55,000 employees half of 55,000 in the USA4 divisions6% of revenue dedicated to research and development 5,000,000,000 dollars revenue in Europe (over) 2,000,000,000 dollars rest of world revenue 1906 company founded 112,000,000,000 total marketPhotocopiabel activity 2.2See page 163.5) 2.2 Give students time to study the flowchart and read the expressions. Then, play the recording at least once for students to match the expressions. Afterwards, students could check their answers by reading the listening script.Answers1 A2 F3 F4 D5 A6 C7 B8 B9 B 10 D11 D 12 A 13 B 14 C 15 FPronunciation6) 2.3 Students might find the idea that we pause so often in a presentation quite strange, but it is a standard technique with experienced presenters, especially when talking to larger audiences. Play the recording and students mark the pauses. With more confident groups, let them try to predict where the pauses will go before listening. It might help to point out that we tend to pause whenever there is a full stop or comma, after signal phrases (Today/Firstly/Next), to separate key information (eg the name of a company), or to emphasise information (as in the presentation about Xerox - the world's / largest / document / management / company). Students can check their answers in the listening script on page 135 where the pauses are indicated already.2.3/2.4 Listening scriptPresenter Good morning/ and thanks for coming. / Today/ I'd like to tell you about/ the world's/ largest/ document / management/ company./ With a turnover of nearly sixteen billion dollars/ the Xerox Corporation develops/ and markets/ innovative technologies/ with products and solutions/ that customers depend upon to get the best results/ for their business./ In my brief presentation/ we'll begin by looking at/ some of the keyfigures/ behind the company's success/ and how the company is structured./ Then/ I'll give an overview of Xerox around the world/ and finally/ I'd like to talk about some of the trends/ affecting our market/ and its future growth./ If you have any questions,/ I'll be happy to answer them at the end.7) 2.4 This is designed as a drill and helps to focus students on intonation and stress, as well as pausing. It's a useful strategy that they can learn to apply to their own presentations. Drill it as a class, or students could also practice on their own at home.Giving a presentationSpeaking1) Ask students what kind of company they would like to run if they had the chance. Tell them this is their "dream" company and they are going to create it. Working alone, they make up facts and figures to fill in the first column of the table. The aim of the task is to give controlled practice of the expressions for presenting. Their ideas can be as far-fetched as they like.2) Refer students back to the expressions in exercise 5 on page 21. Students work in pairs and give their presentations. They may find it helpful to repeat their presentations at least twice so they could also change partners. The person listening takes notes and could also offer feedback and suggestions on possible improvements.ExtensionAfter students have give their presentations to partners, you could ask them to do the same again to the class. Also, students could follow the advice in the Learning Tip and record their presentation or transcribe it, marking pauses as they did in exercise 6 on page 21.3) Students prepare a full-length presentation about a company for their next lesson. This could be their own company or one they know well. Alternatively, students could research a company using information on its website and use this as the basis for a presentation. A memoWritingAsk students if they receive memos at work. What are they about?Who writes them? With pre-work learners, ask them if they can define what a memo is.4) Refer students to the Exam Success tip before they read the instructions.Answers1 All staff.2 Any staff with a company based pension scheme.3 There have been changes in the government pension laws.4 This will affect the current company based pension scheme.5 A presentation will be given by the Head of Finance on the changes and any effects.5) The next two exercises help students to write effective subject lines. Make sure students realise the importance of a subject line, which is to summarise the key content of the memo and help the reader to identify the purpose easily.Answerpresentation, changes, pension, schemeExtensionBefore students do exercise 6, ask them to apply questions 2-5 from exercise 4 to each of the memos in exercise 6. Note that all the memos are to "All staff".6) Students should begin by underlining any key words. They could compare these with a partner. Then they will need to choose the best three or four words to keep the subject lines brief.Possible answersMemo 1: Display of new factory plansMemo 2: Presentation on flexitime and home-working Memo 3: Spanish classes7) This is very similar to the writing task in Part Two of the Writing Test. It could be done in class (perhaps with students in pairs) or set for homework.Possible answerTo: All StaffFrom: (name of student)Date: 1st OctoberSubject: Presentation of new insurance policyTo offer staff a better health insurance scheme, we are now working with a new insurance company. Please note therefore that a representative from this company will present the new staff policy on 9th October at 2pm in the conference room. All staff are welcome to attend.Module 2.3 Reading Test: Part fiveExam practice1) Students complete the table with words that are typically focused on in this part of the Reading Test. Answersprepositions articles conjunctions auxiliary pronounsverbsfor the because has whichto a so are whoof and do2) After students work in pairs, ask everyone to feed back to the class so ideas can be shared. It's also a good idea for students to use good dictionaries so they can check the word types beforehand.Possible answersprepositions articles conjunctions auxiliary pronounsverbsin an when have itat no article while does himby that3) Ask students to read the rubric carefully. They should always read the whole text first before trying to answer. You might want them to work in pairs and discuss possibilities. Draw their attention to the fact that many of the words will be those looked at in exercises 1 and 2, although other types of words may still be incorrect (see 10 in this text).Answers1 WILL2 OF3 WHO4 IN5 DO6 CORRECT7 TO8 AND9 CORRECT10 TAKE 11 FOR 12 CORRECTWriting Test: Part OneExam PracticeRefer students to the Exam Success tip. Students will be fairly familiar with this type of task now as they were introduced to the format on page 12 of Module 1 (exercise 3) and page 23 of Module 2 (exercise 7). For this reason, you can set exam conditions so students can work alone. Allow 10-15 minutes.Possible answerFrom: (student's name)Subject: Confirmation of seminar detailsDate: XXXTo: Assistant seminar organisersPlease note that I have booked Rooms 101 and 102 for the seminar next week. I'd be grateful if you would now confirm this booking and the final schedule for the event with security. Also note that Mr. Singh will be one hour late on the Monday morning.Exam self-checkRefer students to the advice in the Learning Tip. They should swap their work with a partner. It's helpful if students become used to commenting on and being supportive of each other's work.。
剑桥商务英语中级常见词汇
Module11.1Way of WorkingRegular hours正常工作时间Flexible hours弹性工作时间Freelance n.自由职业T ele working n.电子办公Job-share vi./n.分担工作（制）Job-sharing n.分担工作Shift work轮班工作Part-time n.兼职T emping n.临时工Consultancy n.咨询公司Specialist advice n.专业咨询Flextime n.弹性工作时间Hotdesking n.办公桌轮用Office gossip n.办公室小道消息Office news n.办公室新闻Credit n.赞扬，功劳Managing director总裁Brainpower n.智能Worst-case adj.做最坏的打算Scenario n.事态Full-time adj.全日制的Delegate vt.分派工作，授权Availability n.利用可能性Job-sharer n.与人分担工作的人Parental leave adj.父母假，育儿假Distraction n.让人分心的事Contact n.人脉Case-load n.工作量Daily log日志V oice mail语音信箱（邮件）Self-organization n.自我组织能力Disruptive n.造成混乱的1.2Making ContactsT rade fair event商品交易会Coffee break工间咖啡休息时间Drinks evening晚间酒会Coaching event专项体验训练活动Network vt/vi.建立关系网络Networking n.建立人际网，关系网Maximize vt.最大限度的使用，发挥Socializing n.参与社交交际Corporate world商界Useful contacts有用的人际关系Co-chair联合总裁Networking event牵线搭桥的联谊活动Locals n.当地人Be spread out分散在各地Internal communication内部交流Post-it note便条1.1~1.2T emp n.临时工Local newspaper当地报纸Journalist n.记者Permanent job固定工作Qualified adj.有资格的T emporary job临时工作Business section（报刊）商务板块Bad experience令人不快的经历At the moment目前Special event（体赛、演出）大型活动Promoter n.承办人，赞助商Orchestra n.管弦乐队Band n.管乐队Solo n.独奏Formal dress礼服Hire n.出租Product development产品开发V enus n.维纳斯Beauty salon美容院Make up specialist美容专家Assistant manager副经理Jasmine茉莉花Flower expert花卉专家Sales representative销售代理Operator n.运营公司Specialist holiday operatorPremier adj.首要的，首位的Hotel chain连锁酒店Car hire汽车出租Chauffer n.专用司机Self drive自驾Classic adj.经典的Photographic assistant摄影助理Photographic agency摄影社Press n.报刊PR event公关活动Module22.1Company BenefitsBenefit n.福利Incentive n.奖励Job title职衔T raining and staff development培训和员工发展Good salary可观的收入Pension n.养老金Flexible working hours弹性工作时间Opportunities for travel旅游机会Opportunities for promotion晋升提拔机会Days off几天短假Company car公司配给的汽车T oo good to be true好得令人难以置信Client service executive客户服务主任T ake…with pinch of salt对…难以置信Old and established历史悠久的Resources director人力资源经理T emp n.临时员工Incumbent program在职员工培训Human resource人力资源Promote from within从内部提拔员工T ake on招聘，接受Intake n.从外部吸纳和招聘员工Project manager项目经理Grow and maintain customer relationship 发展维护客户关系Canteen n.食堂Head office总部，总公司Brainstorming头脑风暴Breakout n.突破Encompass vt.包含Sales and marketing销售和市场营销Research and development and manufacturing研发和生产Perk n.好处，津贴，外快Final salary pension scheme按最终薪水给付的养老金计划Budget n.预算Non-cash reward非现金形式奖赏d Once-in-a-lifetime adj.千载难逢的Career goal职业目标Senior management高层管理人员2.2Presenting your company Distribution centre配送中心Warehouse n.仓库Holding company控股公司Call centre呼叫中心Plant n.工厂，成套设备Headquarter n.总部Subsidiary n.子公司（法人）Branch n.分公司（不是法人）Corporation n.公司，法人Division n.部门分支T urnover n.营业额，销售量Document management资料管理Innovative technology创新技术Chart n.图表Revenue n.收益，收入Research and development研发Mission statement宗旨Fact sheet情况说明书2.1~2.2Profile n.简介，情况介绍Commercial post商务职位Appoint vt.任命，指定CEO首席执行官Supply n./vt./vi供应T rading n.贸易，买卖Alternative energy替代能源Low carbon energy低碳能源Millennium一千年Health care医疗保健Net income净收入Module33.1Starting a BusinessSole trader独立法人，独立经销店Partnership n.合伙经营Franchise n.连锁店，特许经营权Entrepreneurial spirit企业家精神Voila int.（法）那就是Set up建立Granting of licence同意发给许可证Franchisor n.授予特许权Franchisee n.特许经营者T rademark n.商标Ludicrous adj.荒谬的。
bec中级真题二辑答案解析
bec中级真题二辑答案解析BEC中级真题二辑答案解析BEC中级(Business English Certificate, Preliminary)是由剑桥大学开发的考试项目之一，主要针对非英语国家的商业人士。
通过参加BEC中级考试，考生可以提高商务英语能力，增加职场竞争力。
本文将对BEC中级真题二辑答案进行解析，帮助考生更好地理解考试内容和答题技巧。
真题一：Listening SectionIn the listening section of BEC中级真题二辑， candidates are required to listen to a series of business-related conversations and presentations, and answer multiple-choice questions. The key to success in this section lies ineffective note-taking and attentive listening skills.For example, one of the questions asks about the main purpose of a presentation on market research. To find the correct answer, candidates need to pay attention to the speaker's introduction and his/her conclusion. They should also take notes on key points mentioned throughout the presentation, such as the target audience, research methods, and conclusions drawn from the research findings. By understanding the main objective of the presentation, candidates can select the correct answer from the given options.Another question might require candidates to identify the relationship between two speakers. This can be deduced from their tone of voice, personal pronouns used, and the content of their conversation. Effective listening and note-taking skills are crucial in order to accurately determine their relationship, whether it is two colleagues, a supervisor and an employee, or a customer and a sales representative.真题二：Reading SectionThe reading section of BEC中级真题二辑 consists of various business-related texts, such as articles, reports, and advertisements. The key to success in this section liesin efficient reading comprehension and understanding of business terminology.For example, one question might ask about the company's main product or service. Candidates should scan the text for information regarding the company's core business, product descriptions, or statements about what sets them apart from their competitors. By identifying this vital information, candidates can select the correct answer and demonstratetheir understanding of the text.Another question might require candidates to compare and contrast two different companies or products. In this case, candidates should pay close attention to the similarities and differences mentioned in the text. They should also take note of any descriptive adjectives used to describe the companies or products. By analyzing the details provided, candidatescan match the correct information to the corresponding options.真题三：Writing SectionThe writing section of BEC中级真题二辑 requires candidates to demonstrate their ability to write formal business correspondence, such as letters, emails, or reports. The key to success in this section lies in clear and concise communication, appropriate tone, and accurate use of business vocabulary.For example, candidates may be asked to write acomplaint email to a customer service department. To successfully complete this task, candidates should organize their thoughts in a logical manner, clearly state the problem, provide any necessary details or evidence, and propose a reasonable solution. They should also use a polite and professional tone, being mindful of the recipient's perspective.真题四：Speaking SectionThe speaking section of BEC中级真题二辑 requires candidates to engage in a conversation with the examiner on business-related topics. The key to success in this sectionlies in effective communication, fluency, coherence, and appropriate use of business vocabulary.For example, candidates may be asked to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of remote work or share theiropinions on the impact of technology on business operations. To excel in this section, candidates should express their thoughts clearly, support their arguments with relevant examples, and demonstrate a good understanding of business concepts and trends.总结:通过对BEC中级真题二辑的解析，我们可以看到在听力、阅读、写作和口语等不同的考试部分，学生需要具备不同的技巧和能力。
bec中级教材听力原文
bec中级教材听力原文(正文)Unit 1: Hello, Nice to Meet YouPart A: Listening and Speaking[Scene: A classroom at a language school.]Instructor: Good morning, everyone! Welcome to the language school. My name is Mr. Johnson. I will be your instructor for this English course. Let's start by introducing ourselves. I will call out your names one by one, and please tell us your name and where you are from.Student 1: My name is Li Mei, and I'm from China.Student 2: I'm John Smith, and I'm from the United States.Student 3: Hi, I'm Maria Garcia. I'm from Spain.Instructor: Great! It's wonderful to have students from different countries. Now, let's move on to the next activity.Part B: Vocabulary and Expressions[Scene: A coffee shop.]Customer: Excuse me, can I have a menu, please?Waiter: Of course, here is the menu. What would you like to order?Customer: I'll have a cappuccino and a slice of cheesecake, please.Waiter: Anything else?Customer: No, that's all. Thank you.Part C: Listening Comprehension[Scene: A hotel front desk.]Receptionist: Welcome to the Ivory Hotel. How may I assist you?Guest: Hi, I have a reservation. My name is Peter Johnson.Receptionist: Let me check. Yes, Mr. Johnson, we have a room reserved for you. Here is your key. Enjoy your stay!Guest: Thank you. Can you also recommend some local attractions or restaurants?Receptionist: Sure! There's a famous museum just a few blocks away, and a great seafood restaurant on the waterfront. I can give you a map with all the information.Part D: Speaking Practice[Scene: Two friends talking about their weekend plans.]Friend 1: Hey, what are you doing this weekend?Friend 2: I'm not sure yet. Do you have any ideas?Friend 1: How about going hiking? There's a beautiful trail in the mountains.Friend 2: That sounds fun! Let's do it.Friend 1: Great! I'll pick you up on Saturday morning.Unit 2: Daily RoutinesPart A: Listening and Speaking[Scene: A conversation between two roommates.]Roommate 1: What time do you usually wake up in the morning?Roommate 2: I usually wake up at around 7:00 am. How about you?Roommate 1: I'm an early riser. I wake up at 5:30 am every day.Roommate 2: Wow, that's early! Do you have a morning routine?Roommate 1: Yes, I like to exercise and have breakfast before starting my day.Part B: Vocabulary and Expressions[Scene: A kitchen.]Person 1: Can you please pass me the sugar?Person 2: Sure, here you go.Person 1: Thanks. I also need some salt and pepper.Person 2: Here are the salt and pepper shakers. Is there anything else you need?Part C: Listening Comprehension[Scene: A radio interview with a famous chef.]Interviewer: How did you become interested in cooking?Chef: Well, it all started when I was a child. I used to watch my grandmother cook, and I was fascinated by the process. I started experimenting with different recipes and fell in love with the art of cooking.Interviewer: What is your daily routine as a chef?Chef: My day usually starts early in the morning. I go to the market to buy fresh ingredients, then spend the rest of the day in the kitchen, preparing meals for the restaurant. It's a busy but rewarding job.Part D: Speaking Practice[Scene: Two friends discussing their evening routines.]Friend 1: What do you usually do in the evenings?Friend 2: After work, I like to relax and watch TV. Sometimes I also cook dinner.Friend 1: That sounds nice. I usually go to the gym in the evenings.Friend 2: That's a healthy routine. I should try to incorporate some exercise into my evenings too.(Note: The above text is a sample response to the requested article. The content may not be an actual transcription of a specific BEC intermediate textbook listening exercise.)。
剑桥商务英语中级(词汇)
《新编剑桥商务英语中级》Unit 1a Teamworktoiletries：n. 化妆品厂、清洁、化妆用品公司major brands：主导品牌expatriate：n. 旅居海外的,移居国外的creative thinking：创新思维 a survival course：生存技巧培训课程profile：n. 简介、小传、概况simulation：n. 模拟训练go for profit：追求利润behind schedule：进度落后于计划stick to the schedule：严格按计划进行Unit 1b Communicationexceed：v. 超越、胜过over-estimate：vt. 过高的估计manageable：adj. 便于管理understate：vt. 轻描淡写的说seminar：n. 研讨会、讨论会management：n.〔企业、机关的〕管理人员follow-up evaluation：后续评估deadline：n.最终期限complimentary ticket：免费赠送的票Self-study and Exam practicehave everything to do with：与…关系密切curriculum vitae：个人简历、履历,简称CV human factor：认为因素aggressive：adj. 咄咄逼人的、好斗indicate：vt. 显示、表明Unit 2a Entertainingcustomer satisfaction form：顾客满意、情况问卷表complete the form 填写表格questionnaire：n.调查表、问卷criteria：n. 标准〔为criterion的复数形式〕atmosphere：n.氛围attentiveness：n.殷勤、周到value for money：物有所值程度enhance：vt. 提高、增加mezzanine：n. 〔尤指介于一层与二层之间的〕中层楼reasonable prices：合理的价格interior design：室装修group dining：团体用餐catering requirement：餐饮要求tour groups：旅游团corporate events：公司社交活动wine tastings：品酒会steak：n.牛排company presentations：公司业务报告会business trip：公务旅行vegetarian：素食者call in：顺路到某处alike：adv. 一样的,相似的evolve：逐渐发展或完成pride ourselves on/upon：为…感到骄傲along with：同…一道be of importance：具有重要性to cater for：提供餐饮服务,接待gently：adv. 轻轻地,小心地strive：为获得…而努力奋斗concept：n. 概念,观念,想法distinctive：adj.与众不同的suitable：adj. 舒适,合适memorable：adj. 难忘的tourist：n. 游客,观光客awful：adj. 糟糕的,恶劣的Unit 2b Corporate hospitalitycorporate hospital：商务接待,企业社交tip：n. 技巧,窍门,忠告be in need of：需要mention：v. 提起,说起social setting：社交场合in due course：经过一段时间,到适当的时候poor timing：不合事宜trade fair：贸洽会teenage：adj. 少年的prospect：n. 可能的,潜在的顾客hook：钩子,吸引人们兴趣或注意力的方式a fact-finding mission：情况调查,实地考察substantial：adj.重大的,有影响的fortunately：adv. 幸运的concern：v. 对…有印象；n.担心sociable：adj. 好交际的,喜欢与人交往的ensure：v.确保,保证rugby：n. 〔英式〕橄榄球intimate：adj.亲密的；n.至交,密友ability：n. 能力,技能,本领purposeful：adj.有清晰目的,有明确目标chit-chat：n.〔非正式〕聊天,闲谈disposal：n. 丢弃,处理therefore：adv. 因此,所以see…as：把…看作lie in…：〔原因、兴趣、答案等〕在于…stand around：闲站着add up to：意味着,说明whisper into his ear：在某人耳边低声说话in term of：从…的角度来看,就…而言in due course/time：经过一段时间,到适当的时候Self-study and Exam practicecontinental breakfast：欧式早餐bilingual applicants：具有双语能力的申请者end-of-year party：年终聚会job advertisement：招工广告marketing secretary：营销部秘书P.A. 〔Personal Assistant〕：私人助理administrative support：行政管理上的支持secretarial skills：文秘技能up-to-date information technology：最新的信息技术communications skills：沟通能力,交际技能science marketing assistant：科技营销助理an internal recruitment policy：部招工政策official working hours：正式的工作时间long-term employment：长期雇用production manager：生产经理work overtime：加班take legal action against：对…提出诉讼settle the dispute：解决纠纷secretarial and administrative staff：文秘及行政人员unforeseen circumstances：难以预料的情况meet agreed delivery dates：按约定的日期准时送货place your order with：向…定货outlet：n.代销店,专卖店legal advisers：法律顾问established customers：老顾客bring…up：把…提出来give…priority：优先考虑,处理某事 a backlog of orders：积压的订单at one’s disposal：由…自由支配be popular with ab.：为惯用搭配,深受喜爱on…basis：在…基础上look forward to sth.：期盼,盼望price前一把用介词at value for money：物有所值cater for：承办an overview of…：对…的概述call in：来访call by: 顺道访问推迟到某个时间用postpone till/until…a long way from：离…还差得很远Unit 2 Customersreorganise：n.改组,改编loan：n.银行贷款forecast：n.预测consume：v.消费,消耗venture：n.风险项目warranty：n.〔产品的〕保证书oval：椭圆形finalise：v. 确定,最后定下backlog：n.积压未办的事情substantial：adj.重大的,可观的,坚固的,有影响的Unit 3aOrdering goodsmail order company：邮购计划headquarters：n.〔公司〕总部catalogue：n.商品目录单recommendation：n.推荐信、建议item：n. 产品、货物in standard length：标准长度的article：n. 商品、项目measurements charts：尺寸图knitted skirts：针织裙子vendor：n. 销售商asap〔as soon as possible〕尽快Unit 3bCash flowcash flow：现金流向、现金流量,现金流动cash flow gap：现金流量差额case study：案例分析finalpayment：最后付款bar chart：柱形图down payment：订金bill：vt. 要求支付…的费用remainder：n.剩余物early settlement discount：提前付款折扣labour cost：劳动力成本credit terms：信用期限、信用条件outstanding：adj. 剩余的outstanding balance：剩余金额order books：订货薄 a shortage of cash：现金短缺turnover：n. 营业额financing costs：筹措成本cash on delivery：货到即付款margin：n. 利润inventory：n.库存、存货penalty：n. 处罚、罚款potential customer：潜在客户hard sell：强行推销flat management culture：扁平化的管理结构Self-studyand Exam practiceworkmanship：〔尤指精细的〕工艺,手艺negotiate：v.谈判,商定retail：v.零售detail：n.细节deliver：v. 把…送往delivery：n.送货measurement：n.长度,高度gap：n.缺口,差距forecast：n.预测,预报settlement：正式协议penalty：n.惩罚,处罚charge：n.费用,v.收费potential：adj.潜在的,可能的n.潜在性,可能性grant：n.给予,准予patient：adj.有耐心的,忍耐的patience：耐心,忍耐familiar：adj. 熟悉的average：adj.平均的lack：n. v. 没有,不足,缺乏aggressive：n.好斗的,雄心勃勃的furthermore：adv. 而且,不仅如此however：然而,不过,但是sector：n. 〔尤指商业、贸易等的〕部门,行业accordion：n. 手风琴for instance：例如combination：组合,联合promotional：〔电影、活动等〕旨在推销〔宣传〕的combine：v. 〔使〕组合equally：adv. 相同的,相等的equalize：v. 使相等的equality：n.平等segment：n. 部分alternate：adj. 轮流,交替cable：n. 电缆,缆绳forthcoming：adj. 即将,到来demonstrate：v. 证明,证实flatter：v. 奉承,讨好,感到荣幸cash on delivery：货到付款credit terms：信用期限,信用条件interest on…：…的利息,习惯用onpay for…：支付…的费用,用介词for pay in cash：in表示付款方式,以现金形式price…at：以…的价格,习惯用介词at cost of labour：劳动成本as down payment：作为订金outstanding balance：剩余金额30 days net：净30天early settlement discount：提前付款折扣penalty charge：罚款Unit 3 Commercecurrency：n.货币paying-in slip：[英]〔银行〕存款单payee：n.收款人deduct：v.减去,扣除transaction：n.交易,事务counterfoil：n.存根adviser：n. 顾问interest：n.利息cashier：n.出纳deposit：n.定金,首付dividend：n. 股息,红利deductible：adj. 减去haulage：n. 货运业,货运费consignment：n. 托运的货物margin：n. 页边,空白courier：n. 〔递送包裹或文件的〕信徒logistic：n. 后勤；逻辑custom duty：关税overdraft：n.透支额Unit 4a Brand powerselling point：卖点environmental-friendliness：n. 对环境无害,有环保的特点user-friendliness：n.用户使用方便kitchen appliances：厨房用具competitive advantage：竞争优势diversify：vt. 多样化经营,增加产品种类own-label clothing：贴〔名牌超市〕自己品牌的服装saturate：vt. 使饱和supermarket chains：连锁超市industry analyst：行业分析家cut-price：削价出售retail food marker：食品零售市场mortgage：n.住房按揭,抵押margin：n. 利差,赚头boost profit：提高利润estate agent：房产商bonus points：〔消费积分〕loyalty scheme：忠实〔顾客〕奖励计划voucher：n.优惠,奖券interest rate：利率incentive：n.刺激,鼓励reputation：名誉、名望gradually：adv.逐渐的,逐步的eventually：adv.终于、最终survey：n.调查、审视combine：v.组合,综合outlet：n. 专卖店、分销店fixed rate：固定利率banking on a Brand：bank on既可解释为"依赖…获利",也含有"对…抱有信心"。
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Unit 6b Environmental report
2. address v. If you address a problem or task or if you address yourself to it, you try to understand it or deal with it.
sustainable development 可持续发展
strike a balance 取得平衡
Unit 6b Environmental report
do not invest in projects that jeopardize the Earth 不投 资危害地球的项目
improve energy efficiency 提高能源效率
Unit 6b Environmental report
develop environment friendly packing 开发环保型包 装 use fewer plastic bags 少用塑料袋 to green the environment with plants 通过种树裁花绿 化环境
For example,... A good example of this is... As an illustration,... To give you an example,... To illustrate this point...
Unit 6b Environmental report
Summarizing and concluding
In conclusion,... Right, let's sum up, shall we? Let's summarize briefly what we've looked at... Finally, let me remind you of some of the issues we've covered... If I can just sum up the main points...
Unit 6b Environmental report
water saving system 节水系统
reduce energy consumption 减少能源消耗 use low-energy lighting 使用节能灯 industrial solid wastes 工业固体废物
Unit 6b Environmental report
Unit 6b Environmental report
1. Hazardous adj. involving risk or danger, especially to sb's health or safety
e.g. The chemicals in paint can be hazardous to health
keep to environmental legislation 遵守环保立法
implement the most effective and cost-effective ways of protecting the environment 实施最有效，成本效益最高的 环保措施 make efforts to make the world a better place 努力使世界更 加美好
e.g. We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.
Unit 6b Environmental report
3. Significant adj. large enough to be noticeable or have noticeable effects
Finishing one subject
Well, I've told you about... That's all I have to say about... We've looked at... So much for...
Unit 6b Environmental report
...and starting another
e.g. A significant number of drivers fail to keep to speed lental report
4. commit v. to spend time and money on sth
e.g. The company has committed funds to an advertising campaign. 公司已决定拨款作广告宣传.
Unit 6b Environmental report
Introducing the subject
I'd like to start by... Let's begin by... First of all, Starting with... I’d like to begin with…
Unit 6b Environmental report
I’ll halve expenses with you. 平摊费用
Unit 6b Environmental report
B. Making presentations
A presentation is a formal talk to one or more people that "presents" ideas or information in a clear, structured way.
dust discharged 烟尘排放
Unit 6b Environmental report
II. Environmental performance
A. Listening Listen to Geoff Paddock, Senior Group Officer at ICI gives a presentation to potential investors on the company’s environmental performance and choose the correct answer. Listen again and pay attention to the languages used for presentation
Ordering
stly... First of all...then...next...after that...finally... To start ter...to finish up...
Unit 6b Environmental report
Unit 6b Environmental report
adjust energy consumption policy 调整能源消费 政策
formulate waste management guidelines 制定垃圾管 理政策 collect and separate the waste 对垃圾进行收集和分 类
establish water-saving and light-consumption system in the plant 建立节水型和轻消耗系统
Unit 6b Environmental report
D. Writing Write a short report on the company’s environment performance. Refer to Unit 5 for writing tips.
set ourselves equally demanding objectives 给自己定出同样严格的目标
Unit 6b Environmental report
8. halve . v. to reduce something by a half
e.g.. They are going to halve my salary 薪水减半
Unit 6b Environmental report
7. Demanding attention or energy adj. needing a lot of time,
e.g. a demanding job 需要高度技巧的工作 the most demanding challenge I have ever faced
Unit 6b Environmental report
C. Speaking 2
How companies balance the interests of customers and shareholders with a commitment to the environment?
Unit 6b Environmental report
recycle old products 回收旧产品
Unit 6b Environmental report
increase customer’s awareness about environmental production and product提高客户对环保产品的意识
reduce and simplify packing 减少和简化包装
white pollution 白色污染
forests overexploitation 过度利用森林 deforestation 森林砍伐 water and soil erosion 水土流失
Unit 6b Environmental report
acid rain 酸雨
sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions二氧化硫排放 suspended particles 悬浮颗粒物 soot emissions 汽车尾气排放