铸造用英文翻译
锻造、铸造、焊接外文翻译
毕业设计(论文)外文翻译学生姓名：系别：机械工程系专业：机械设计制造及其自动化班级：学号:译文出处：Science and Technology Engl-ish for Mechanical EngineeringCasting、Forging and Welding1. CastingMetal casting is one of the oldest of all industries, both ancient and medieval history offering examples of the manufacture and use of casting. From simple axeheads poured from copper in open moulds some 5000 years age, casting in the pre-Christian world developed to a point at which elaborate bronze statuary could be produced in two-piece and cored moulds. By the end of the medieval period, decorated bronze and pewter casting had begun to be used in European church and domestic life.The widespread adoption of cast iron as engineering material awaited the success of Abraham Darby in 1790 in smelting in the coke blast furnace; this paved the way for the massive use of cast iron in construction during the years following the industrial revolution.Many foundries sprang up after the industrial revolution, the vast majority being for the manufacture of the cast iron then being used as a structural material. The quantity production of iron castings in the nineteenth century was not matched by a universal advance in quality and the engineering use of the products encountered more serious risks in a non-ductile material.Despite the skill of the molder in producing complex forms, there was little change in the metallurgical and engineering situation until the modern era brought a better understanding of the factors determining quality. With modern techniques of process control the rudimentary judgment of the operator could give way to objective measurements of metal temperature, molding material properties and other production variables. These improvements have been applied not only to cast iron but to a wide range of cast alloys.There are four basic casting methods: sand-casting, die-casting, investment-casting, and centrifugal casting.Sand-casting is the most widely used method employed in foundry. In this process, sand moulds are contained in metal molding boxes that have four sides but no top or bottom. During the molding operation the boxes are located togetherby pins so that they can be separated to remove the pattern, and replaced in the correct position before the metal is poured in. The boxes are clamped together, or the cope (top section) weighted down when pouring to prevent the cope from “floating away”from the drag (lower section) when the mould is full of molten metal. The sequence when molding the simple two-part mould to cast a bracket is illustrated as follows.At the first stage the pattern is seated on the moulding board. The pattern is covered with facing sand, which is a specially prepared sand of good quality, which can take a clean and smooth impression, and can resist the heat from the molten metal that will be in contact with it. The facing sand is backed up with molding sand, which is old facing sand from previous moulds. The molding sand is carefully rammed up so that it is fairly tight around the pattern to produce a good solid mould, yet permeable enough to allow the gases produced during casting to escape. The sand is finally leveled off.At the second stage the mould with the pattern still in position is inverted; the exposed sand lightly covered with parting sand, and the exposed pattern with facing sand.(The parting sand has no cohesion, and is introduced to permit a clean separation when the mould is opened up to remove the pattern .) The second molding box is located in position on the first box and filled with molding sand. Two or more plugs are introduced when the second box is being filled (these are removed later, leaving channels in the sand). One of these plugs is positioned to one side of the pattern. The sand is rammed up and leveled off.Now, at stage 3, to allow the pattern to be removed. This is done by screwing a bar with a threaded end into a suitable insert in the pattern, damping the sand around the pattern, and gently rapping the bar in all directions so that the pattern can be carefully withdrawn. To facilitate the removal of the pattern without scuffing the sides of the impression, all surfaces that lie in the direction of pattern removal are inclined slightly by a small amount (the draw angle).A groove called a gate is cut in the sand face to allow the channel producedby the plug that is outside the pattern to connect with the impression .The metal is poured through this channel (called the runner), and the gate prevents it from dropping straight into the impression and damaging it .The cross-section of the gate is slightly smaller than that of channel so that a full runner will always supply metal to the gate at a slight pressure.Finally, the mould is reassembled, carefully locating and securing the two sections. The top section is known as the cope, and the lower section is known as the drag. The sand in the cope is vented. These vents allow the sand to be rammed up more tightly at the earlier stages without the risk of gases being trapped in the molten metal and forming blowholes in the solid metal. A sand-feeding gate (also called a pouring or bowl) is added to make it easier to pour the metal into the runner. The molten metal is poured through the runner and the air will escape through the riser.The impression will be filled with molten metal when it is completely filled. Gases can escape through the runner and the riser, which also act as headers to supply the impression with more metal to compensate for the contraction of the metal when cooling in the molten state.2. ForgingForging is the plastic working of metal by means of localized compressive forces exerted by manual or power hammers, presses, or special forging machines. It may be done either hot or cold. however, when it is done cold, special names usually are given to the processes. Consequently, the terms“forging” usually implies hot forging done above the recrystallization temperature.Modern forging is a development form the ancient art practiced by the armor makers and the immortalized village blacksmith. High-powered hammers and mechanical presses have replaced the strong arm, the hammer, and the anvil and modern metallurgical knowledge supplements the art skill of the craftsman in controlling the heating and handling of the metal.Forge ability is the term used in the industry to denote a material relative resistance to deformation and its plasticity. While considerable disagreementexists as to precisely what characteristics the word “forge ability” should include, the term as used here is defined as the tolerance of a metal or alloy for deformation without failure, regardless of forging pressure requirements.Raw material used for forging is generally bar or billet stock hot rolled from ingots melted in open-hearth, electric arc, or vacuum arc furnace .other forms and shapes such as rolled slabs, plats, and stock produced by continuous casting techniques are occasionally used .for certain grades ,vacuum arc melting imparts better forge ability than does conventional arc melting . However, the major purpose of vacuum melting is the improvement of mechanical properties and cleanliness, not forging behavior.Equipment behavior influences the forging progress since it determines the feasibility of forging a part and affects the rate of deformation and the temperature conditions.The hammer is the most economical type of equipment for generating load and energy necessary to carry out a forging process, provided that the material being forged can support high deformation velocities. It is most commonly used hot forging equipment for repeated blows on the same workpiece and cannot be overloaded.There are various types of hammers: air-lift gravity drop hammers, power drop hammers, power drop hammers, Counterblow hammers ect. In a simple gravity drop hammer the upper ram is positively connected to a board, a belt, a chain or a piston. When forging the ram is lifted to a certain height and then dropped on the stock placed on the anvil. During the down stroke, the rain is accelerated by gravity and builds up the blow energy. The upstroke takes place immediately after the blow, the force necessary to ensure quick lift-up of the ram can be 3 to 5 times the ram weight. The operation principle of a power-drop hammer is similar to that of an air drop hammer. During the down stroke, in addition to gravity, the ram is accelerated by steam, cold air or hot air pressure. In an electro hydraulic gravity-drop hammer, the ram is lifted with oil pressure against an air cushion. The compressed air slows down the upstroke of the ram and contributes to its acceleration during the down stroke .thus; the electrohydraulic hammer also has a minor power hammer action.Press forging employs a slow squeezing action in deforming the plastic metal, as contrasted with the rapid-impact blows of a hammer. Hydraulic forging press is operated by large pistons driven by high-pressure hydraulic or hydrometric system. The squeezing action is carried completely to the center of the part being pressed, thoroughly working the entire section. These presses are the vertical type and may be either mechanically or hydraulically operated. The mechanical presses, which are faster operating and most commonly used, range in capacity from 5000 to 10000 tons.In the forging press a grater proportion of the total work put into the machine is transmitted to the metal than in a drop hammer. The machine and foundation absorb much of the impact of the drop hammer .press reduction of the metal is faster, and the cost of operation is consequently lower. most press forging s are symmetrical in shape ,having surfaces, which are quite smooth, and provide a closer tolerance than is obtained by a drop hammer .however ,drop forging can forge many parts of irregular and complicated shapes more economically. Forging presses are often used for sizing operations on parts made by other forging processes.For small forgings closed impression dies are used, and only one stroke of the ram is normally require to perform the forging operation .the maximum pressure is built up at the end of the stroke ,which forces the metal into shape .dies may be mounted as separate units, or all the cavities may be put into a single block. for small forgings individuals die units are more convenient .large ingots are now almost always forged with hydraulic presses instead of with steam hammers, since the work done by a press goes deeper. Further, the press can take a cooler ingot and can work to closer dimensions.The forging should be done at about the same temperature as rolling; the process improves the physical properties of the steel just as rolling does. In the final forging it is important not to have the steel too hot, for overheated steel will have poor mechanical properties when cooled. in heating for forging the temperature is usually judged by the eye, but where a large number of thesame patterns will be made, the pieces to be forged are heated in furnaces in which the temperature is indicated by pyrometers, and often is automatically controlled.3. weldingWelding techniques have become so versatile that it is difficult nowadays to define “welding”. Formerly welding was “the joining of metals by fusion”, that is, by melting, but this definition will no longer do. Welding was next defined as the “joining of metals by heat”, but this is not a proper definition either. Not only metals can be welded, so can many of the plastics. Furthermore several welding methods do not require heat. Every machinist is familiar with heatless welding method under some circumstances. Besides these, we can weld with sound and even with the famous laser. Faced with a diversity of welding methods that increase year by year, we must here adopt the following definition of welding:" welding is the joining of metals and plastics by methods that do not employ fastening devices”.There is also no uniform method of naming welding processes. Some processes are named according to the heat source or shielding method, other certain specialized processes are named after the type of joint produced. Examples are spot and butt welding. But an overall classification can not take account of this because the same type of joint may be produced by a variety of processes. Spot welding may be done by electric resistance, arc, or electron-beam processes and butt welding by resistance, flash or any of a number of other methods. Many welding processes are named depending on the heat applied, equipment used, and type of metal to be joined and the strength of the joint.Soldering is the process of joining two metals by a third metal to be applied in the molten state. Solder consists of tin and lead, while bismuth and cadmium are often included to lower the melting point. One of the important operations in soldering is that of cleaning the surface to be joined, this may be done by some acid cleaner. Soldering gives a satisfactory joint for light articles ofsteel, copper or brass, but the strength of soldering joint is rather less than a joint which is brazed, riveted or welded. These methods of metal are normally adopted for strong permanent joints.Pressure welding is known as the simplest method of welding two pieces of metal together. The ends of metal are heated to a while heat—for iron, the welding temperature should be about 1300℃—in a flame. At this temperature the metal becomes plastics. The ends are then presses or hammered together, and the joint is smoothed off. Care must be taken to ensure that the surfaces are thoroughly clean first, for dirt will weaken the weld. Moreover, the heating of iron or steel to a high temperature causes oxidation, and a film of oxide is formed on the heated surfaces. For this reasons, a flux is applied to the heated metal. At welding heat, the flux melts, and the oxide Particles are dissolved in it together with any other impurities which may be present. The metal surfaces are pressed together, and the flux is squeezed out from the center of the weld.Gas welding includes all the processes in which gases are used to obtain a hot flame. Those commonly used are acetylene, natural gas, and hydrogen in combination with oxygen. The maximum temperature developed by oxyhydrogen welding is 3600℉ (1980℃). Hydrogen is produced either by the electrolysis of water or by passing steam over coke. An oxyacetylene weld is produced by heating with a flame obtained from the combustion of oxygen and with or without the use of a filler metal. In most cases the joint is heated to a state of fusion, and as a rule, no pressure is used.Are welding is a process in which coalescence is obtained by heat produced from an electric arc. The electrode or filler metal is heated to a liquid state and deposited into the joint to make the weld. Contact is first made between the electrode and the work to create an electric circuit, and then, by separating the conductors, an arc is formed. The electric energy is converted into intense heat in the arc, which attains a temperature around 10 000°F (5500℃). Either direct or alternating current can be used for arc welding, direct current being preferred for most purposes. A d-c welder is simply a motor-generator set ofconstant-energy type, having the necessary characteristics to produce a stable arc. Arc welding uses commonly metal electrodes or carbon electrodes.Laser Welding is used because of laser’s high heat intensity. It can be operated in any transparent medium without contact with the workpiece, since the laser delivers its energy in the form of light. In welding, the power is delivered in pulses rather than as a continuous beam, the beam is focused on the workpiece and the intense heat produces a fusion weld. Laser welding is slow and is used only for special jobs involving small weldments. Its greatest use is found in the electronics industry.Explosion welding is a process that uses energy from the detonation of an explosive to join two pieces of metal. The explosion accelerates the pieces to a speed at which a metallic bond will form between them when they collide. The weld is produced in a fraction of a second without the addition of filler metal. This is essentially a room temperature process in that gross heating of the workpieces does not occur. The faying surfaces, however, are heated to some extent by the energy of the collision, and welding is accomplished through plastic flow of the metal on those surfaces. Welding takes place progressively as the explosion and the forces it creates advance from one end of the joint to the other. Deformation of the weldment varies with the type of joint. There may be no noticeable deformation at all in some weldments, and there is no loss of metal.译文：铸造、锻造和焊接1.铸造金属铸造是最古老的产业之一，远古时期和中世纪就有人使用和制造铸件了。
铸造英语单词
Байду номын сангаас
动模 型腔 分型面 投影面积 收缩率 锁模力 压力中心 充填速度 压伸速度 压伸比压 脱模斜度 闭合高度 最大开距 脱模距 浇注系统 直浇道 横浇道 内浇口 溢流槽 排气槽 定模座板 动模座板 定模导板 动模导板 支承板 垫板 支承柱 型芯 活动型芯 螺纹型芯 螺纹型环 镶块 定模镶块 动模镶块 活动镶块（件） 拼块 斜销 弯销 滑块 型芯滑块 斜滑块 斜槽导板 限位块 锲紧块 滑块导板 耐磨板 浇口套 分流锥 导流板 排气塞 排气板 导柱 带头导柱 带肩导柱 矩形导柱 推板导柱 导套 直导套 带头导套 推板导套 导板 推杆 圆柱头推杆 带肩推杆 扁推杆 成型推杆 推管 带肩推管 推块 推件板 推杆固定板 推板 限位钉 复位杆 连接推杆 推板连接推杆 推板垫圈 定位元件 冷却环 拉料杆 隔流板
moving die cavity parting line project area shrinkage locking force pressure centre filling speed injection speed injection pressure draft die shut height maximum opening daylight stripper distance casting system sprue runner gate overflow well air vent clamping plate of the fixed half clamping plate of the moving half bolster of the fixed half bolster of the moving half support plat space block support pillar core movable core threaded plug threaded ring die insert die insertof the fixed half die insertof the moving half movable insert split angle pin angular cam slide core slide angled sliding split finger guide plate stop block wedge block slide guide plate wear pad sprue bush sprue spreader baffle venting plug venting plate guide pillar headed guide pillar shouldered guide pillar square guide pillar ejector guide pillar guide bush straight guide bush headed guide bush ejector guide bush guide plate ejector pin ejector pin with a cylindrical head shouldered ejector pin flat ejector pin forming ejector pin ejector sleeve shouldered ejector sleeve ejector pad stripping plate ejector retaining plate ejector plate stop pin return pin ejector tie rod ejector plate tie rod ejector plate washer locating element cooling ring sprue puller pin plug baffle
毕业论文外文翻译-铸造、锻造和焊接
Casting、Forging and Welding1. CastingMetal casting is one of the oldest of all industries, both ancient and medieval history offering examples of the manufacture and use of casting. From simple axeheads poured from copper in open moulds some 5000 years age, casting in the pre-Christian world developed to a point at which elaborate bronze statuary could be produced in two-piece and cored moulds. By the end of the medieval period, decorated bronze and pewter casting had begun to be used in European church and domestic life.The widespread adoption of cast iron as engineering material awaited the success of Abraham Darby in 1790 in smelting in the coke blast furnace; this paved the way for the massive use of cast iron in construction during the years following the industrial revolution.Many foundries sprang up after the industrial revolution, the vast majority being for the manufacture of the cast iron then being used as a structural material. The quantity production of iron castings in the nineteenth century was not matched by a universal advance in quality and the engineering use of the products encountered more serious risks in a non-ductile material.Despite the skill of the molder in producing complex forms, there was little change in the metallurgical and engineering situation until the modern era brought a better understanding of the factors determining quality. With modern techniques of process control the rudimentary judgment of the operator could give way to objective measurements of metal temperature, molding material properties and other production variables. These improvements have been applied not only to cast iron but to a wide range of cast alloys.There are four basic casting methods: sand-casting, die-casting, investment-casting, and centrifugal casting.Sand-casting is the most widely used method employed in foundry. In this process, sand moulds are contained in metal molding boxes that have four sides but no top or bottom. During the molding operation the boxes are located togetherby pins so that they can be separated to remove the pattern, and replaced in the correct position before the metal is poured in. The boxes are clamped together, or the cope (top section) weighted down when pouring to prevent the cope from “floating away”from the drag (lower section) when the mould is full of molten metal. The sequence when molding the simple two-part mould to cast a bracket is illustrated as follows.At the first stage the pattern is seated on the moulding board. The pattern is covered with facing sand, which is a specially prepared sand of good quality, which can take a clean and smooth impression, and can resist the heat from the molten metal that will be in contact with it. The facing sand is backed up with molding sand, which is old facing sand from previous moulds. The molding sand is carefully rammed up so that it is fairly tight around the pattern to produce a good solid mould, yet permeable enough to allow the gases produced during casting to escape. The sand is finally leveled off.At the second stage the mould with the pattern still in position is inverted; the exposed sand lightly covered with parting sand, and the exposed pattern with facing sand.(The parting sand has no cohesion, and is introduced to permit a clean separation when the mould is opened up to remove the pattern .) The second molding box is located in position on the first box and filled with molding sand. Two or more plugs are introduced when the second box is being filled (these are removed later, leaving channels in the sand). One of these plugs is positioned to one side of the pattern. The sand is rammed up and leveled off.Now, at stage 3, to allow the pattern to be removed. This is done by screwing a bar with a threaded end into a suitable insert in the pattern, damping the sand around the pattern, and gently rapping the bar in all directions so that the pattern can be carefully withdrawn. To facilitate the removal of the pattern without scuffing the sides of the impression, all surfaces that lie in the direction of pattern removal are inclined slightly by a small amount (the draw angle).A groove called a gate is cut in the sand face to allow the channel producedby the plug that is outside the pattern to connect with the impression .The metal is poured through this channel (called the runner), and the gate prevents it from dropping straight into the impression and damaging it .The cross-section of the gate is slightly smaller than that of channel so that a full runner will always supply metal to the gate at a slight pressure.Finally, the mould is reassembled, carefully locating and securing the two sections. The top section is known as the cope, and the lower section is known as the drag. The sand in the cope is vented. These vents allow the sand to be rammed up more tightly at the earlier stages without the risk of gases being trapped in the molten metal and forming blowholes in the solid metal. A sand-feeding gate (also called a pouring or bowl) is added to make it easier to pour the metal into the runner. The molten metal is poured through the runner and the air will escape through the riser.The impression will be filled with molten metal when it is completely filled. Gases can escape through the runner and the riser, which also act as headers to supply the impression with more metal to compensate for the contraction of the metal when cooling in the molten state.2. ForgingForging is the plastic working of metal by means of localized compressive forces exerted by manual or power hammers, presses, or special forging machines. It may be done either hot or cold. however, when it is done cold, special names usually are given to the processes. Consequently, the terms“forging” usually implies hot forging done above the recrystallization temperature.Modern forging is a development form the ancient art practiced by the armor makers and the immortalized village blacksmith. High-powered hammers and mechanical presses have replaced the strong arm, the hammer, and the anvil and modern metallurgical knowledge supplements the art skill of the craftsman in controlling the heating and handling of the metal.Forge ability is the term used in the industry to denote a material relative resistance to deformation and its plasticity. While considerable disagreementexists as to precisely what characteristics the word “forge ability” should include, the term as used here is defined as the tolerance of a metal or alloy for deformation without failure, regardless of forging pressure requirements.Raw material used for forging is generally bar or billet stock hot rolled from ingots melted in open-hearth, electric arc, or vacuum arc furnace .other forms and shapes such as rolled slabs, plats, and stock produced by continuous casting techniques are occasionally used .for certain grades ,vacuum arc melting imparts better forge ability than does conventional arc melting . However, the major purpose of vacuum melting is the improvement of mechanical properties and cleanliness, not forging behavior.Equipment behavior influences the forging progress since it determines the feasibility of forging a part and affects the rate of deformation and the temperature conditions.The hammer is the most economical type of equipment for generating load and energy necessary to carry out a forging process, provided that the material being forged can support high deformation velocities. It is most commonly used hot forging equipment for repeated blows on the same workpiece and cannot be overloaded.There are various types of hammers: air-lift gravity drop hammers, power drop hammers, power drop hammers, Counterblow hammers ect. In a simple gravity drop hammer the upper ram is positively connected to a board, a belt, a chain or a piston. When forging the ram is lifted to a certain height and then dropped on the stock placed on the anvil. During the down stroke, the rain is accelerated by gravity and builds up the blow energy. The upstroke takes place immediately after the blow, the force necessary to ensure quick lift-up of the ram can be 3 to 5 times the ram weight. The operation principle of a power-drop hammer is similar to that of an air drop hammer. During the down stroke, in addition to gravity, the ram is accelerated by steam, cold air or hot air pressure. In an electro hydraulic gravity-drop hammer, the ram is lifted with oil pressure against an air cushion. The compressed air slows down the upstroke of the ram and contributes to its acceleration during the down stroke .thus; the electrohydraulic hammer also has a minor power hammer action.Press forging employs a slow squeezing action in deforming the plastic metal, as contrasted with the rapid-impact blows of a hammer. Hydraulic forging press is operated by large pistons driven by high-pressure hydraulic or hydrometric system. The squeezing action is carried completely to the center of the part being pressed, thoroughly working the entire section. These presses are the vertical type and may be either mechanically or hydraulically operated. The mechanical presses, which are faster operating and most commonly used, range in capacity from 5000 to 10000 tons.In the forging press a grater proportion of the total work put into the machine is transmitted to the metal than in a drop hammer. The machine and foundation absorb much of the impact of the drop hammer .press reduction of the metal is faster, and the cost of operation is consequently lower. most press forging s are symmetrical in shape ,having surfaces, which are quite smooth, and provide a closer tolerance than is obtained by a drop hammer .however ,drop forging can forge many parts of irregular and complicated shapes more economically. Forging presses are often used for sizing operations on parts made by other forging processes.For small forgings closed impression dies are used, and only one stroke of the ram is normally require to perform the forging operation .the maximum pressure is built up at the end of the stroke ,which forces the metal into shape .dies may be mounted as separate units, or all the cavities may be put into a single block. for small forgings individuals die units are more convenient .large ingots are now almost always forged with hydraulic presses instead of with steam hammers, since the work done by a press goes deeper. Further, the press can take a cooler ingot and can work to closer dimensions.The forging should be done at about the same temperature as rolling; the process improves the physical properties of the steel just as rolling does. In the final forging it is important not to have the steel too hot, for overheated steel will have poor mechanical properties when cooled. in heating for forging the temperature is usually judged by the eye, but where a large number of thesame patterns will be made, the pieces to be forged are heated in furnaces in which the temperature is indicated by pyrometers, and often is automatically controlled.3. weldingWelding techniques have become so versatile that it is difficult nowadays to define “welding”. Formerly welding was “the joining of metals by fusion”, that is, by melting, but this definition will no longer do. Welding was next defined as the “joining of metals by heat”, but this is not a proper definition either. Not only metals can be welded, so can many of the plastics. Furthermore several welding methods do not require heat. Every machinist is familiar with heatless welding method under some circumstances. Besides these, we can weld with sound and even with the famous laser. Faced with a diversity of welding methods that increase year by year, we must here adopt the following definition of welding:" welding is the joining of metals and plastics by methods that do not employ fastening devices”.There is also no uniform method of naming welding processes. Some processes are named according to the heat source or shielding method, other certain specialized processes are named after the type of joint produced. Examples are spot and butt welding. But an overall classification can not take account of this because the same type of joint may be produced by a variety of processes. Spot welding may be done by electric resistance, arc, or electron-beam processes and butt welding by resistance, flash or any of a number of other methods. Many welding processes are named depending on the heat applied, equipment used, and type of metal to be joined and the strength of the joint.Soldering is the process of joining two metals by a third metal to be applied in the molten state. Solder consists of tin and lead, while bismuth and cadmium are often included to lower the melting point. One of the important operations in soldering is that of cleaning the surface to be joined, this may be done by some acid cleaner. Soldering gives a satisfactory joint for light articles ofsteel, copper or brass, but the strength of soldering joint is rather less than a joint which is brazed, riveted or welded. These methods of metal are normally adopted for strong permanent joints.Pressure welding is known as the simplest method of welding two pieces of metal together. The ends of metal are heated to a while heat—for iron, the welding temperature should be about 1300℃—in a flame. At this temperature the metal becomes plastics. The ends are then presses or hammered together, and the joint is smoothed off. Care must be taken to ensure that the surfaces are thoroughly clean first, for dirt will weaken the weld. Moreover, the heating of iron or steel to a high temperature causes oxidation, and a film of oxide is formed on the heated surfaces. For this reasons, a flux is applied to the heated metal. At welding heat, the flux melts, and the oxide Particles are dissolved in it together with any other impurities which may be present. The metal surfaces are pressed together, and the flux is squeezed out from the center of the weld.Gas welding includes all the processes in which gases are used to obtain a hot flame. Those commonly used are acetylene, natural gas, and hydrogen in combination with oxygen. The maximum temperature developed by oxyhydrogen welding is 3600℉ (1980℃). Hydrogen is produced either by the electrolysis of water or by passing steam over coke. An oxyacetylene weld is produced by heating with a flame obtained from the combustion of oxygen and with or without the use of a filler metal. In most cases the joint is heated to a state of fusion, and as a rule, no pressure is used.Are welding is a process in which coalescence is obtained by heat produced from an electric arc. The electrode or filler metal is heated to a liquid state and deposited into the joint to make the weld. Contact is first made between the electrode and the work to create an electric circuit, and then, by separating the conductors, an arc is formed. The electric energy is converted into intense heat in the arc, which attains a temperature around 10 000°F (5500℃). Either direct or alternating current can be used for arc welding, direct current being preferred for most purposes. A d-c welder is simply a motor-generator set ofconstant-energy type, having the necessary characteristics to produce a stable arc. Arc welding uses commonly metal electrodes or carbon electrodes.Laser Welding is used because of laser’s high heat intensity. It can be operated in any transparent medium without contact with the workpiece, since the laser delivers its energy in the form of light. In welding, the power is delivered in pulses rather than as a continuous beam, the beam is focused on the workpiece and the intense heat produces a fusion weld. Laser welding is slow and is used only for special jobs involving small weldments. Its greatest use is found in the electronics industry.Explosion welding is a process that uses energy from the detonation of an explosive to join two pieces of metal. The explosion accelerates the pieces to a speed at which a metallic bond will form between them when they collide. The weld is produced in a fraction of a second without the addition of filler metal. This is essentially a room temperature process in that gross heating of the workpieces does not occur. The faying surfaces, however, are heated to some extent by the energy of the collision, and welding is accomplished through plastic flow of the metal on those surfaces. Welding takes place progressively as the explosion and the forces it creates advance from one end of the joint to the other. Deformation of the weldment varies with the type of joint. There may be no noticeable deformation at all in some weldments, and there is no loss of metal.译文：铸造、锻造和焊接1.铸造金属铸造是最古老的产业之一，远古时期和中世纪就有人使用和制造铸件了。
机械专业术语英文翻译
机械专业英语词汇ﻫ陶瓷ceｒaｍｉｃsﻫ合成纤维synthｅtic fibreﻫ电化学腐蚀ｅleｃｔroｃｈemicａｌcoｒrｏｓion车架automotivｅcｈassis悬架sｕspeｎsion转向器rｅdｉｒectoｒ变速器spｅｅｄｃhangｅrﻫ板料冲压sheet metal paｒｔsﻫ孔加工ｓｐot facinｇmachｉninｇ车间ｗorkｓhop工程技术人员engineｅrﻫ气动夹紧pnｅｕma lｏcｋﻫ数学模型matｈematicａl mｏdｅｌﻫ画法几何descｒiptｉveｇｅｏmｅｔｒyﻫ机械制图Ｍechａnical drａwiｎg投影proｊｅｃtｉonﻫ视图view剖视图pｒo标准件sｔａndard ｐoｎentﻫ零件图part ｄrawing装配图assemｂｌｙdraｗiｎg尺寸标注ｓｉzｅmarkingﻫ技术要求technｉcal requｉrementsﻫ刚度rigiｄityﻫ内力internal forceﻫ位移dｉｓｐlaｃｅｍeｎｔ截面ｓectiｏn疲劳极限ｆaｔiguｅlimit ﻫ断裂frａｃｔureﻫ塑性变形pｌａsｔic ｄistortioｎﻫ脆性材料bｒittlｅness maｔerｉａlﻫ刚度准则riｇiｄiｔｙcriｔeriｏnﻫ垫圈ｗasher垫片sｐacｅrﻫ直齿圆柱齿轮sｔraｉｇｈｔtｏoｔhｅｄspur gｅarﻫ斜齿圆柱齿轮ｈｅliｃal—ｓpur geａrﻫ直齿锥齿轮strai ｇｈｔｂevｅｌgeaｒ运动简图kｉnemａｔic sketchﻫ齿轮齿条piniｏn and raｃkﻫ蜗杆蜗轮ｗｏrm and ｗorm ｇear虚约束paｓsivｅｃoｎstraｉｎｔ曲柄cｒank摇杆ｒａcｋeｒﻫ凸轮camｓﻫ共轭曲线cｏnjｕｇａｔｅｃuｒveﻫ范成法generation mｅｔｈod ﻫ定义域definitionａl doｍain值域rangｅﻫ导数\\微分differentiａｌcoeffiｃientﻫ求导derｉｖatiｏn ﻫ定积分deｆinite iｎtｅgraｌ不定积分indｅfinite inｔegrａl曲率curvａtuｒｅﻫ偏微分partｉal differentｉalﻫ毛坯rｏuｇh游标卡尺sliｄe ｃaｌiｐｅrﻫ千分尺micrｏmｅter calipers ﻫ攻丝tap二阶行列式sｅcond ｏｒdｅr ｄeｔerminanｔﻫ逆矩阵invｅｒse matriｘ线性方程组lｉneaｒequaｔiｏnｓ概率ｐｒｏｂａbility随机变量randoｍvariabｌeﻫ排列组合permｕtaｔion ａnd binatiｏnﻫ气体状态方程equａtion of state oｆgａs 动能kiｎetiｃenergyﻫ势能potential energｙ机械能守恒consｅrvatiｏｎof mｅchanical energyﻫ动量mｏmeｎtuｍ桁架trussﻫ轴线ａxeｓ余子式cofaｃtorﻫ逻辑电路lｏgic cｉrｃｕｉｔ触发器ｆlｉp—ｆloｐﻫ脉冲波形pｕlse ｓｈape数模diｇital ａnalogy ﻫ液压传动机构fluid dｒｉｖe mechaniｓm机械零件mechａnｉcaｌpaｒts淬火冷却qｕｅnchﻫ淬火hａrdeｎｉngﻫ回火teｍpｅriｎg调质ｈａｒdeninｇand ｔemperｉｎg ﻫ磨粒abrasiｖｅgraiｎﻫ结合剂boｎdingａgent砂轮ｇrindiｎg wｈeｅl后角cｌearａｎｃe aｎgｌｅﻫ龙门刨削plａnｉng主轴spｉndｌe主轴箱headstock卡盘ｃhｕｃkﻫ加工中心mａchｉniｎg cｅntｅr车刀latｈe tool车床ｌatheﻫ钻削镗削bｏreﻫ车削ｔurｎing磨床grinder基准benchｍaｒkﻫ钳工locksｍithﻫ锻forｇeﻫ压模ｓtampｉng焊welｄ拉床broachｉng machine拉孔bｒoaching装配asｓemｂling铸造ｆoｕｎdﻫ流体动力学fluid dynamiｃs流体力学fluiｄmechaniｃs加工machinｉｎgﻫ液压ｈyｄraulic prｅssｕre切线tangent机电一体化mecｈanotronｉｃs mechaｎical—eｌectriｃaｌｉｎteｇraｔionﻫ气压ａir pｒessｕre pｎeumａtic pｒｅsｓuｒe 稳定性stabiｌitｙ介质ｍediｕｍﻫ液压驱动泵fluid cluｔch液压泵hydraｕlｉc puｍpﻫ阀门vａlｖe失效iｎvaｌiｄａtioｎ强度intenｓｉtｙﻫ载荷ｌoadﻫ应力sｔｒｅss安全系数safty faｃｔorﻫ可靠性ｒeliａbility螺纹ｔhｒead螺旋ｈｅlixﻫ键splｉnｅﻫ销ｐinﻫ滚动轴承rolliｎg beariｎg滑动轴承slidinｇbeaｒｉｎg弹簧spriｎgﻫ制动器arreｓtｅr braｋeﻫ十字结联轴节crosｓheａdﻫ联轴器coｕpｌingﻫ链cｈａinﻫ皮带ｓtrapﻫ精加工ｆｉnisｈmachiningﻫ粗加工rough machinｉｎｇﻫ变速箱体gearｂｏx casinｇﻫ腐蚀rustﻫ氧化oxｉｄatiｏnﻫ磨损wear 耐用度dｕrabilｉty随机信号ｒaｎdom signalﻫ离散信号disｃrｅte sｉｇnaｌﻫ超声传感器ultｒaｓoｎｉcｓｅnsorﻫ集成电路intｅgrate cirｃuit 挡板oｒｉfｉcｅplａteﻫ残余应力resｉdｕal stresｓ套筒ｓｌeeve ﻫ扭力torsｉｏnﻫ冷加工colｄmａchｉniｎg电动机eｌecｔroｍｏtorﻫ汽缸cyliｎdｅr过盈配合iｎtｅrfeｒｅnｃe fiｔ热加工ｈotwｏrk摄像头CCD camｅrａ倒角rｏundｉng cｈamfｅｒ优化设计optimal dｅｓignﻫ工业造型设计industｒial moｕlding design有限元fiｎitｅelemｅntﻫ滚齿hobbｉng插齿ｇeａr shａｐingﻫ伺服电机actuaｔiｎg moｔorﻫ铣床milling ｍaｃhine钻床drｉll machine镗床ｂoring ｍachine步进电机steｐpeｒｍotorﻫ丝杠sｃreｗrodﻫ导轨lead rail组件sｕbassemblyﻫ可编程序逻辑控制器Prｏｇrａｍmable LogｉｃControlｌer PLC电火花加工eｌeｃtriｃspａrｋmachｉｎinｇﻫ电火花线切割加工ｅlectrical disｃhａrgｅwiｒe - ｃuttingﻫ相图phase diａｇram 热处理hｅat tｒeatmentﻫ固态相变solid statｅphａｓe changｅs有色金属noｎferrous mｅtalﻫ陶瓷cerａmicsﻫ合成纤维syntｈetｉc fibre电化学腐蚀ｅｌectrochemical corrｏsiｏｎ车架aｕtomotive ｃｈaｓｓisﻫ悬架ｓuspｅnsiｏnﻫ转向器ｒedｉｒeｃtoｒ变速器sｐｅｅd cｈanger板料冲压sheｅt ｍetaｌｐａrtｓﻫ孔加工sｐot facｉng machiｎiｎgﻫ车间worｋshop工程技术人员eｎgｉneｅrﻫ气动夹紧pneuma loｃk数学模型mathemａｔical modelﻫ画法几何ｄescｒiptｉvｅgeometry机械制图Ｍｅchanical draｗiｎg投影ｐrojｅction视图viｅｗ剖视图prｏ标准件standard ｐoｎｅｎｔﻫ零件图part dｒawinｇ装配图assemｂlｙdrａwｉng尺寸标注ｓize mａrkinｇﻫ技术要求teｃhｎｉｃａｌrｅｑuiｒｅmeｎts刚度rigidiｔｙﻫ内力internal fｏrｃｅ位移displaｃement截面sｅcｔiｏn疲劳极限fａtiｇue limiｔﻫ断裂fraｃtuｒeﻫ塑性变形plａstic distorｔion脆性材料brｉｔtleness materiaｌﻫ刚度准则rigidity cｒiterion垫圈ｗａｓｈerﻫ垫片ｓpacer直齿圆柱齿轮sｔrａight toｏｔhed spur gｅaｒ斜齿圆柱齿轮heｌicaｌ-spur gearﻫ直齿锥齿轮ｓtｒａｉgｈt ｂeveｌｇeａr ﻫ运动简图kｉnemａｔｉｃskｅtｃhﻫ齿轮齿条pinioｎａnd rack蜗杆蜗轮ｗorm and ｗorm geａr虚约束pａsｓivｅconstraintﻫ曲柄ｃrank摇杆rａcｋer凸轮cams共轭曲线cｏｎjuｇaｔe ｃurveﻫ范成法ｇeｎeratｉon ｍethｏd ﻫ定义域deｆiniｔiｏｎaｌdｏmａin值域range导数＼\微分differeｎtial coefｆｉｃienｔﻫ求导ｄeriｖａtion ﻫ定积分definite intｅgrａl不定积分ｉnｄefinｉte inｔegral曲率ｃuｒvature偏微分partiａl diffｅrentiａl毛坯ｒoｕgｈﻫ游标卡尺ｓlide caliperﻫ千分尺mｉcromeｔer calｉｐers ﻫ攻丝tａp二阶行列式sｅcond oｒder determinａnt逆矩阵invｅrse matｒｉx线性方程组linｅar 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fiｎder巡边器ﻫconｃave凸cｏnvex凹ﻫsｈort射料不足nicｋ缺口ｓｐeck瑕疵sｈine亮班ｓpｌay 银纹ﻫｇaｓmark焦痕ﻫdelamｉnａtion起鳞ﻫｃoｌd slｕg冷块bｌush 导色ﻫgougｅ沟槽;凿槽ﻫsatin ｔeｘtｕre段面咬花witｎesｓline证示线ﻫpaｔｅnt专利ﻫｇrit沙砾ﻫgｒaｎuｌe=pｅｕet=grain细粒ﻫgrit ｍaｋer抽粒机cushｉｏｎ缓冲magnalｉｕm镁铝合金ｍaｇnｅsｉｕm镁金mｅtal plaｔe钣金ﻫlａthｅ车miｌl锉ﻫpｌaｎe刨ｇｒinｄ磨ﻫdrilｌ铝boｒiｎg镗blinsｔer气泡ﻫfｉllet镶;嵌边throｕgh－hｏｌe forｍ通孔形式ｖollｅｒｐｉn formalｉtｙ滚针形式ﻫcam drｉvｅr铡楔ﻫshａnk摸柄ｃraｎk ｓｈaft曲柄轴auｇuｌar oｆfset角度偏差ﻫvｅｌｏcｉty速度pｒoduｃtｉｏｎｔｅmｐo生产进度现状ｔｏrqｕe扭矩spline=the multiｐlｅｋeys花键ﻫquenching淬火ﻫtｅmpｅring回火ﻫannealinｇ退火ﻫcarbonｉｚatiｏｎ碳化ﻫtungsｔeｎhigh sｐｅeｄｓteel钨高速得ﻫｍoly high speed steel钼高速得ﻫorganic solvｅnt有机溶剂ﻫbraｃket小磁导ｌｉaiｓｏn联络单ﻫvｏlatiｌｅ挥发性ﻫｒeｓｉｓｔａnce电阻ion离子ﻫtitrａｔor滴定仪ﻫｂeaｃon警示灯coolanｔ冷却液cｒｕsher破碎机阿基米德蜗杆Aｒｃhｉmedeｓwｏrmﻫ安全系数ｓａfeｔyｆactor；factor of sａｆｅtyﻫ安全载荷safe load凹面、凹度ｃoncavｉｔyﻫ扳手ｗreｎch ﻫ板簧flａtｌeaf sｐring半圆键wooｄｒuff keｙﻫ变形defｏrmａtionﻫ摆杆oscillaｔiｎg baｒ摆动从动件osｃillatｉng followｅrﻫ摆动从动件凸轮机构cam with oscillatinｇfollower摆动导杆机构osｃｉlｌatｉng guide—ｂａr mｅchaniｓｍﻫ摆线齿轮cycloidal geａr摆线齿形cｙｃloiｄａｌtooth profile摆线运动规律ｃycloｉdal motion摆线针轮cycloｉdal-pｉn wheelﻫ包角angｌｅof conｔａctﻫ保持架cageﻫ背对背安装back—to－ｂaｃk aｒｒangｅmｅntﻫ背锥ｂack ｃone；normal ｃｏｎeﻫ背锥角bａck angｌeﻫ背锥距ｂack cｏnｅｄistａnceﻫ比例尺ｓｃaleﻫ比热容ｓpｅcｉｆｉcｈｅat caｐacｉty闭式链closed kinｅmaticｃhａiｎﻫ闭链机构ｃlosｅd chain mｅｃhａnism臂部ａrm变频器frequenｃy convｅrtersﻫ变频调速freｑueｎcy cｏnｔrol ｏｆmotoｒspｅed变速sｐｅｅｄchangeﻫ变速齿轮chanｇe geａr ｃｈanｇeｗheeｌﻫ变位齿轮modｉfieｄｇearﻫ变位系数ｍodｉficationｃoeｆficieｎtﻫ标准齿轮standard geａｒ标准直齿轮standaｒd spuｒｇｅａr表面质量系数superficial mass facｔoｒﻫ表面传热系数surfaｃe coefficｉeｎt oｆｈｅat tｒaｎsｆerﻫ表面粗糙度surfａｃｅroughneｓsﻫ并联式组合binatiｏn in pａrａllel并联机构paraｌlel mechaｎisｍﻫ并联组合机构parallel bined mｅchａnismﻫ并行工程conｃurrent ｅngｉneeringﻫ并行设计ｃｏnｃurｒｅd deｓigｎ，ＣＤ不平衡相位phase aｎgle oｆｕnbalance不平衡ｉmbalance (or unbalａｎce）ﻫ不平衡量amoｕnｔof uｎｂalanceﻫ不完全齿轮机构intｅrmittent gearｉng波发生器ｗａvｅgenｅrator波数numbｅr of wａvｅsﻫ补偿pensａtion参数化设计ｐarａmetｅｒizaｔioｎdｅｓign，PDﻫ残余应力residual strｅｓsﻫ操纵及控制装置opｅrａtｉon coｎtrol ｄｅｖice槽轮Ｇeneｖa ｗheｅlﻫ槽轮机构Genｅvaｍecｈaｎisｍ；Maｌtesｅcｒossﻫ槽数Gｅnevaｎumｅrａte槽凸轮groove ｃamﻫ侧隙bａcklashﻫ差动轮系diｆｆerentｉal gearｔraiｎ差动螺旋机构ｄiffeｒeｎｔial scｒew mechanismﻫ差速器diffｅrential常用机构ｃｏnｖeｎtｉoｎal ｍｅchaｎiｓm；ｍecｈaｎｉsmｉn ｍon uｓｅ车床lａtｈeﻫ承载量系数ｂearing capacity ｆactｏrﻫ承载能力beariｎg ｃapａcity成对安装pａired moｕntinｇ尺寸系列ｄimeｎｓｉon sｅｒiesﻫ齿槽tooｔh space齿槽宽spacｅwiｄth齿侧间隙backlａshﻫ齿顶高ａｄdendｕm齿顶圆addendｕm ciｒｃle齿根高ｄｅdendum齿根圆dｅｄendｕm cｉrcleﻫ齿厚ｔooｔh thicknｅｓs齿距circｕlａr pitchﻫ齿宽faｃｅｗidｔh齿廓ｔooｔh profilｅ齿廓曲线ｔooth cｕrve齿轮geaｒﻫ齿轮变速箱spｅｅd—ｃhangiｎg geaｒboｘesﻫ齿轮齿条机构pinｉｏn anｄｒackﻫ齿轮插刀pｉnion ｃuｔter；pinｉoｎ－shａp ｅｄshaper cutter齿轮滚刀hob，hobbｉnｇcutterﻫ齿轮机构ｇｅarﻫ齿轮轮坯blank齿轮传动系pinion unit齿轮联轴器geaｒcｏuplingﻫ齿条传动rａck ｇearﻫ齿数toothｎumｂer齿数比geaｒｒａｔｉo齿条ｒａｃk齿条插刀rack cutter；raｃk—shapeｄshapeｒｃutteｒ齿形链、无声链silenｔchain齿形系数foｒmｆaｃｔor齿式棘轮机构tｏoth ratchet mechａnism插齿机ｇｅａr sｈａｐerﻫ重合点coｉncident poiｎtsﻫ重合度contａｃt ratｉｏ冲床pｕncｈ传动比tｒaｎsmisｓｉoｎｒａtio，speeｄraｔｉｏ传动装置gearing；tranｓmissiｏn ｇear传动系统driｖen sｙstｅmﻫ传动角transｍiｓsｉon angｌe传动轴ｔransmｉssｉｏｎshａftﻫ串联式组合bｉnation iｎseｒｉesﻫ串联式组合机构seｒｉes binｅd mecｈanismﻫ串级调速casｃade speｅｄｃｏｎｔｒol创新inｎovatiｏn ｃrｅatiｏnﻫ创新设计crｅatｉon ｄeｓign垂直载荷、法向载荷normａｌloadﻫ唇形橡胶密封lip ruｂｂer seaｌﻫ磁流体轴承ｍagｎｅticｆｌuid bｅarｉｎg从动带轮dｒivｅｎｐulleｙ从动件ｄrｉvｅｎlink，folｌｏwｅｒﻫ从动件平底宽度widｔh oｆｆlａt－face从动件停歇ｆｏlloｗeｒdｗellﻫ从动件运动规律ｆolｌｏweｒmｏtionﻫ从动轮drivｅn gear粗线bold lｉneﻫ粗牙螺纹coarsｅｔhread大齿轮gear wｈｅｅlﻫ打包机paｃkｅr打滑slippingﻫ带传动belt ｄrｉvingﻫ带轮belt ｐullｅy带式制动器band brakeﻫ单列轴承sｉnｇle roｗbearｉng单向推力轴承siｎgle－dirｅcｔｉon thrｕsｔbeａring单万向联轴节singｌe ｕｎiveｒsal ｊｏint单位矢量unit vecｔｏr当量齿轮eｑｕｉvalｅｎt spｕrｇear；virtual gearﻫ当量齿数equivaｌeｎt tｅｅtｈnumber；viｒtuａｌnumｂeｒｏf teｅtｈ当量摩擦系数eｑuivalｅnt cｏeffiｃｉenｔof frictｉonﻫ当量载荷equiｖaｌent loaｄﻫ刀具ｃutｔerﻫ导数ｄerivative倒角chaｍｆｅrﻫ导热性conduｃｔｉonｏf hｅat导程leadﻫ导程角ｌead angleﻫ等加等减速运动规律ｐaraｂｏlic motion；cｏｎｓtaｎt accｅleｒation anｄｄeceleratｉon motionﻫ等速运动规律uｎifｏrm mｏtion；consｔanｔveloｃity ｍｏtiｏｎ等径凸轮ｃonjuｇaｔe yokｅradial camﻫ等宽凸轮coｎsｔaｎt-breａdth camﻫ等效构件equivaleｎt liｎkﻫ等效力equivａleｎt forceﻫ等效力矩eｑuｉvalenｔmｏment oｆfoｒｃｅ等效量ｅquiｖａleｎtﻫ等效质量ｅquivaｌent mａss等效转动惯量ｅquivａlenｔmoment oｆinertｉａ等效动力学模型dynａmicａｌlｙequｉvalenｔｍｏdelﻫ底座ｃｈassｉs低副lｏwer paｉr点划线chain dotｔedｌｉne（疲劳）点蚀pｉttingﻫ垫圈gaｓketﻫ垫片密封gasket sｅal碟形弹簧bｅlleville ｓpriｎgﻫ顶隙bottom cleａraｎceﻫ定轴轮系ordｉnarｙgear tｒaｉn；geａr trａｉn ｗith ｆｉxeｄaxeｓﻫ动力学dynamiｃsﻫ动密封kinｅmatiｃal sealﻫ动能dynamｉc ｅneｒgy动力粘度ｄynaｍｉc vｉｓcoｓity动力润滑dynamic lubricatiｏn动平衡ｄｙnamiｃbalanceﻫ动平衡机dyｎamiｃbａlaｎｃing mａｃhiｎe动态特性dｙnamic cｈaracteriｓticsﻫ动态分析设计ｄynamic anａｌysis design动压力dｙnamic reactｉoｎ动载荷dynamic load端面transverse pｌaｎe端面参数tranｓvｅｒse parametｅrsﻫ端面齿距tｒａnsverseｃirculａr ｐｉtchﻫ端面齿廓traｎsveｒse ｔooth prｏfｉleﻫ端面重合度traｎsverse contaｃt ratioﻫ端面模数transｖerse ｍｏｄuleﻫ端面压力角transvｅrse prｅｓsureａngle锻造foｒｇeﻫ对称循环应力ｓｙｍｍeｔrｙｃｉrculａtｉｎｇstrｅｓsﻫ对心滚子从动件raｄiａl （ｏr in-liｎｅ）rolｌeｒfｏlｌoweｒﻫ对心直动从动件rａｄial (or iｎ-lｉne ) ｔrａｎslaｔinｇfｏlｌｏwerﻫ对心移动从动件ｒａｄial reciprｏcaｔiｎg folｌｏweｒﻫ对心曲柄滑块机构in—linｅslｉder－crank(ｏｒcranｋ-sliｄer）mechａnismﻫ多列轴承mｕlti—row bearingﻫ多楔带ｐｏly V—ｂｅlｔ多项式运动规律polynomｉａl ｍｏｔｉｏｎﻫ多质量转子rotｏr wｉtｈｓevｅral ｍａsｓeｓﻫ惰轮idｌe gｅａr额定寿命rating life额定载荷loａｄratｉngII级杆组ｄyadﻫ发生线genｅratiｎg ｌine发生面generaｔiｎg planｅ法面nｏrｍalｐｌａne法面参数normal paramｅｔerｓﻫ法面齿距normal cirｃular ｐitch法面模数normal ｍｏｄule法面压力角ｎormal ｐｒeｓsure aｎgleﻫ法向齿距normal pitch法向齿廓noｒmａl tｏotｈprｏfileﻫ法向直廓蜗杆ｓtｒaiｇｈt sided normal wｏrｍﻫ法向力ｎｏrmal ｆorｃeﻫ反馈式组合feｅｄback bining 反向运动学invｅｒｓｅ（ｏr backwarｄ）ｋinｅmaｔicｓﻫ反转法ｋｉｎematic invｅrｓｉon反正切Arctanﻫ范成法gｅneratiｎｇｃｕtｔｉng仿形法form ｃｕtｔingﻫ方案设计、概念设计cｏncepｔdesign, ＣＤﻫ防振装置sｈockpｒoof devicｅﻫ飞轮fｌywｈeｅl飞轮矩momeｎｔof flywheel非标准齿轮nonstanｄardｇｅar非接触式密封non-contaｃt seaｌ非周期性速度波动aperiodiｃspeeｄfｌuctuatiｏｎﻫ非圆齿轮noｎ-circular gearﻫ粉末合金powdｅｒｍetalｌuｒgyﻫ分度线ｒeferｅnce line; staｎdaｒdｐitｃh lineﻫ分度圆refｅrｅnce cｉrｃle；ｓtandaｒd （cｕttiｎg)ｐitｃh circlｅ分度圆柱导程角lead aｎｇlｅaｔrｅferenｃｅcyｌinｄｅrﻫ分度圆柱螺旋角helix ａngle at reference ｃylｉｎderﻫ分母dｅnomiｎatｏrﻫ分子n ｕmeratorﻫ分度圆锥ｒeferenｃｅcone；standarｄpｉｔｃh coneﻫ分析法aｎａｌyｔicａｌｍｅtｈｏdﻫ封闭差动轮系ｐlａneｔarｙdiffｅrｅntｉalﻫ复合铰链pｏｕnｄhｉｎgeﻫ复合式组合pound biniｎg复合轮系pｏuｎd （ｏｒbineｄ) geａr train复合平带pound fｌａt belt复合应力bｉnｅｄｓｔｒeｓｓ复式螺旋机构pound screw mechａnism复杂机构pｌｅx mｅchaｎｉsmﻫ杆组Asｓｕr groｕｐ干涉inteｒferencｅﻫ刚度系数stiｆｆnｅss coｅfｆicｉent刚轮rigiｄcｉrculaｒｓpｌine钢丝软轴ｗiｒe ｓoft sｈａft刚体导引机构ｂodｙｇuiｄancｅmｅchaｎisｍ刚性冲击ｒigid imｐulse(shｏｃｋ）ﻫ刚性转子rigiｄrotoｒﻫ刚性轴承rigiｄbeariｎgﻫ刚性联轴器ｒiｇidｃouplingﻫ高度系列heigｈt series 高速带hｉgｈｓpｅed beltﻫ高副ｈiｇhｅr pair格拉晓夫定理Gｒashｏｆf｀s ｌaｗﻫ根切undercuttinｇﻫ公称直径nominal dｉameterﻫ高度系列heighｔsｅriesﻫ功woｒk工况系数aｐpｌｉcatｉｏn ｆａctorﻫ工艺设计tｅchｎologicａl desｉgｎﻫ工作循环图ｗoｒkｉng ｃｙcｌe ｄiaｇrａm工作机构ｏperation ｍｅchaniｓｍ工作载荷extｅrnal ｌoads工作空间workiｎg spａce工作应力woｒkingｓtｒｅss工作阻力ｅfｆectivｅｒesisｔａnce工作阻力矩ｅffeｃｔｉｖe reｓｉｓｔａnce moment公法线mｏn normaｌlineﻫ公共约束ｇeneral coｎstraintﻫ公制齿轮metｒic geａrsﻫ功率powｅｒﻫ功能分析设计fuｎｃtion aｎalyｓes desigｎﻫ共轭齿廓cｏｎｊugate proｆilesﻫ共轭凸轮ｃonjugaｔe cam构件liｎk鼓风机bｌoweｒﻫ固定构件fixed link；frａmｅﻫ固体润滑剂solｉd lｕbrｉcａnt关节型操作器jｏiｎted maｎｉpulator惯性力ineｒtia forcｅﻫ惯性力矩mｏmeｎｔｏf ｉnｅrtia ,ｓｈａkｉｎg momenｔﻫ惯性力平衡bａｌａｎce of shａkｉng ｆorｃeﻫ惯性力完全平衡full balanｃe of sｈaking foｒceﻫ惯性力部分平衡ｐａrtｉal balaｎｃｅｏｆshaking forceﻫ惯性主矩resuｌtant momenｔof ineｒtia惯性主失reｓultant vectｏｒｏf ｉnｅrtia冠轮cｒowｎgearﻫ广义机构genｅｒａｔｉoｎｍecｈanisｍﻫ广义坐标generａlized cooｒｄiｎaｔｅ轨迹生成ｐａth ｇeｎeration轨迹发生器paｔｈgeneｒatｏrﻫ滚刀hob滚道raceｗay滚动体rollｉng ｅｌeｍeｎt滚动轴承rolliｎg beａringﻫ滚动轴承代号ｒｏｌlｉng bearｉng ideｎtificａtioｎcode滚针ｎeｅdlｅｒoｌler滚针轴承ｎeedle roｌｌer beａrinｇﻫ滚子roｌlerﻫ滚子轴承roｌｌｅrｂearingﻫ滚子半径rａdius of ｒolleｒﻫ滚子从动件roller ｆollowｅr滚子链ｒｏｌlｅrｃhaｉnﻫ滚子链联轴器doublｅｒｏller chain couplingﻫ滚珠丝杆ｂalｌscｒewﻫ滚柱式单向超越离合器rｏller cｌutch过度切割underｃuttingﻫ函数发生器ｆunction ｇeneraｔｏr函数生成fｕnctiｏｎgenerａtion ﻫ含油轴承oiｌbｅarinｇﻫ耗油量oｉl consumptionﻫ耗油量系数oil consumｐtion fａｃtoｒ赫兹公式H、Heｒtz eqｕationﻫ合成弯矩ｒesｕltaｎt bendｉnｇｍoｍentﻫ合力ｒesuｌｔａnt fｏrｃe合力矩ｒｅｓultant ｍomeｎt ｏf forcｅﻫ黑箱blackｂｏｘﻫ横坐标absciｓsa互换性齿轮interｃｈangｅablｅgeａrs花键ｓpliｎeﻫ滑键、导键ｆｅaｔhｅｒｋey滑动轴承slidiｎg bｅaｒing滑动率slｉｄｉng ratioﻫ滑块sliderﻫ环面蜗杆toｒｏid helicoｉds worｍ环形弹簧annｕlar sｐrｉnｇ缓冲装置ｓhocks; sｈoｃk—absorbｅr灰铸铁gｒｅｙcａｓt iron回程ｒｅtｕｒn回转体平衡balａnｃe oｆrotors混合轮系ｐoundｇeａr train积分inｔｅgｒaｔｅ机电一体化系统设计mechanｉｃal-elecｔriｃａlｉｎtegratｉon system ｄeｓigｎ机构mechａniｓmﻫ机构分析aｎａｌysｉｓof meｃhaniｓm机构平衡balaｎcｅof meｃｈaｎismﻫ机构学ｍeｃhanisｍ机构运动设计kinematiｃｄesign of mechanｉsｍ机构运动简图ｋinｅｍａtic sketch of mechanｉｓmﻫ机构综合syｎｔhｅsis oｆmechanｉsm机构组成ｃonsｔitution of ｍｅcｈａnismﻫ机架frame,fiｘｅdｌink机架变换kinemａｔｉc inversiｏn机器machine机器人rｏbｏt机器人操作器mａniｐulａｔor机器人学robｏtiｃｓ技术过程ｔechniquｅprｏｃesｓ技术经济评价tecｈnical and economic evalｕaｔiｏnﻫ技术系统technique ｓystｅm机械mａcｈｉneryﻫ机械创新设计mechanicalｃreatioｎdesｉgn，ＭCＤﻫ机械系统设计mechaniｃal sysｔem ｄesigｎ, MSD机械动力分析ｄynａmic analyｓis oｆmａchinery机械动力设计dynamic dｅsigｎｏf mａcｈｉnｅｒyﻫ机械动力学dynaｍicｓof mａchinｅryﻫ机械得现代设计mｏｄerｎｍａchｉnｅdｅsｉgnﻫ机械系统meｃhａnｉcａl sｙｓtｅｍﻫ机械利益ｍechanical advaｎｔage机械平衡bａlaｎce of ｍachinｅｒyﻫ机械手mａnipulａtoｒ机械设计mａｃhinｅｄeｓiｇn；mecｈaniｃａｌdeｓｉgnﻫ机械特性mｅcｈanical bｅhavioｒ机械调速mｅchaｎiｃal sｐｅed gｏvｅrnors机械效率mecｈanｉcal efficieｎｃyﻫ机械原理ｔheｏry ofｍachiｎes anｄmechanismsﻫ机械运转不均匀系数ｃoefｆicｉent oｆｓpeed flｕctuａtｉon机械无级变速meｃhａniｃａl steplｅssｓpeed chaｎgeｓ基础机构ｆundamｅntal meｃｈａｎｉsｍﻫ基本额定寿命basic rａtinｇlｉfeﻫ基于实例设计cａse-baｓｅd deｓｉgn,CBD基圆base cｉrclｅﻫ基圆半径radius ｏf baｓe cｉrcｌｅ基圆齿距bａse pitｃh基圆压力角presｓｕrｅangle of bａse circlｅ基圆柱base ｃylinder基圆锥base cｏne急回机构quick－retｕrn ｍｅｃhanisｍ急回特性quick—retuｒn characｔeｒistiｃｓ急回系数advancｅ—tｏｒeｔurn-ｔiｍe ratｉo急回运动ｑuick—reｔuｒn mｏtion棘轮ratchｅｔ棘轮机构ratcheｔｍｅchaｎism棘爪pawｌﻫ极限位置extreme (or limiｔiｎg）poｓｉtｉonﻫ极位夹角crａnｋaｎｇlｅbeｔween extreme（or limiting）poｓitions计算机辅助设计putｅr aideｄdesign, ＣAＤ计算机辅助制造puter ａided manuｆａcturｉnｇ，ＣAMﻫ计算机集成制造系统puter iｎtegrａted manｕfacturing ｓystem，CIMSﻫ计算力矩fa ｃｔoｒed moment；calcuｌation moment计算弯矩caｌculａteｄbeｎding momｅnｔﻫ加权系数weigｈｔiｎgｅfficient加速度acｃeleration加速度分析accelｅrａtion analysisﻫ加速度曲线accｅleraｔionｄiａgｒam尖点pｏiｎtiｎg; cuspﻫ尖底从动件kniｆｅ—edge ｆoｌlｏwerﻫ间隙bacｋlash间歇运动机构intermittent mｏtｉｏn meｃhanｉsm减速比reducｔionｒatio减速齿轮、减速装置reｄuctionｇｅar减速器ｓpｅed rｅducｅrﻫ减摩性antｉ—friｃtｉoｎquaｌｉty渐开螺旋面ｉnvoｌｕｔeｈeｌiｃoidﻫ渐开线involｕtｅ渐开线齿廓invｏlｕte pｒoｆｉlｅﻫ渐开线齿轮invｏlute gear渐开线发生线geneｒaｔｉng liｎe ofｉnvolｕｔｅﻫ渐开线方程invｏlute equatiｏnﻫ渐开线函数invｏlｕｔｅfuｎctｉon渐开线蜗杆involuｔｅwoｒmﻫ渐开线压力角ｐrｅｓｓure aｎglｅof ｉnvoｌute渐开线花键involute spｌineﻫ简谐运动ｓimｐle haｒmonic motiｏnﻫ键key键槽keywａy交变应力reｐeatｅd strｅssﻫ交变载荷ｒｅpeaｔed fluctｕaｔing loadﻫ交叉带传动ｃross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮cｒｏssed helicａｌgearsﻫ胶合ｓcｏrｉｎgﻫ角加速度ａngulaｒaccelerａｔionﻫ角速度ａngular vｅlociｔy角速比aｎｇulａr veloｃity ratio角接触球轴承aｎｇｕlar contact baｌl bｅaｒinｇ角接触推力轴承anguｌar contacｔｔhrust ｂeａringﻫ角接触向心轴承aｎgular coｎｔaｃt radｉal ｂearingﻫ角接触轴承angulａｒcｏnｔact bearing铰链、枢纽hingeﻫ校正平面corｒecｔingｐlanｅ接触应力coｎtact stｒesｓ接触式密封conｔact sｅal阶梯轴mｕltｉ—ｄｉaｍｅｔeｒsｈａftﻫ结构ｓtrｕcｔureﻫ结构设计ｓtruｃtuｒal dｅsign截面sｅｃtioｎ节点ｐitｃh ｐointﻫ节距circular piｔｃh；pitch oｆtｅethﻫ节线piｔｃh lineﻫ节圆pitcｈcirｃlｅﻫ节圆齿厚thｉcknｅss on piｔｃｈcircleﻫ节圆直径pitchｄｉametｅr节圆锥pitchｃoｎe节圆锥角pitｃh conｅangle解析设计analytｉｃａl desiｇn紧边ｔigｈt-sideﻫ紧固件fａstener径节diａｍeｔral piｔｃh径向ｒadiaｌdiｒectionﻫ径向当量动载荷dｙｎamic equｉvalenｔradial ｌoａd径向当量静载荷statｉc equｉvａlenｔrａdial loadﻫ径向基本额定动载荷basiｃdynamｉc radｉal loaｄｒaｔiｎｇﻫ径向基本额定静载荷ｂasic s ｔatic rａdiａl ｌｏad tatiｎg径向接触轴承ｒadｉal contａct bearｉng径向平面radiａｌplanｅﻫ径向游隙ｒａdial ｉｎtｅrnaｌclearanｃe径向载荷radｉal loadﻫ径向载荷系数rａdial loａdｆactor径向间隙clearaｎceﻫ静力stａtｉc ｆorｃｅ静平衡static balanceﻫ静载荷stａｔic lｏad静密封static sｅal局部自由度ｐasｓivｅdeｇree of frｅｅdｏｍﻫ矩阵matｒixﻫ矩形螺纹sqｕaｒe threadeｄfｏｒmﻫ锯齿形螺纹bｕｔtrｅsｓthｒead formﻫ矩形牙嵌式离合器ｓquaｒｅ－ｊａw positiｖe-ｃontacｔｃｌutch绝对尺寸系数aｂｓｏlｕte dimｅnｓioｎal factorﻫ绝对运动ａbｓoluｔe moｔｉｏn绝对速度absoluｔeｖeloｃitｙ均衡装置lｏad ｂａlanｃｉng mechanismﻫ抗压强度prｅsｓion sｔrength开口传动ｏpen—belt drｉvｅﻫ开式链oｐｅn kinematic chain开链机构opｅｎcｈａin mecｈanｉsｍ可靠度degｒee of ｒelｉaｂiliｔyﻫ可靠性ｒelｉａbility可靠性设计relｉability desigｎ，RＤﻫ空气弹簧air sｐｒｉngﻫ空间机构spaｔiａｌmeｃhanism空间连杆机构spaｔial ｌｉnkａｇeﻫ空间凸轮机构spａtial cａｍﻫ空间运动副spaｔial kｉnｅmatｉc pａiｒ空间运动链ｓpatiａl ｋｉneｍatiｃchａin空转ｉdleﻫ宽度系列width seriesﻫ框图ｂloｃk diaｇramﻫ雷诺方程Ｒeｙnolds‘ｓeqｕatｉｏn ﻫ离心力cｅntrifugaｌforce离心应力ｃeｎtｒｉfｕgalｓtrｅssﻫ离合器clｕtcｈﻫ离心密封ceｎtrｉfugal seａl理论廓线pitｃｈcurve理论啮合线tｈeorｅtｉｃaｌline ｏf actionﻫ隶属度ｍeｍbeｒsｈiｐ力fｏｒcｅﻫ力多边形foｒｃe ｐolygonﻫ力封闭型凸轮机构foｒce—ｄrｉve (oｒfoｒｃe－ｃlosｅd) cam meｃhanｉsｍﻫ力矩momeｎtﻫ力平衡eｑuilibrium力偶cｏｕplｅﻫ力偶矩moｍｅｎt of couｐleﻫ连杆conneｃtｉng rod，coｕplerﻫ连杆机构ｌinkaｇe连杆曲线coupler—cuｒve连心线lｉne oｆcenｔersﻫ链chａiｎﻫ链传动装置ｃhain ｇｅarｉngﻫ链轮sｐrockｅt ｓｐｒocket—ｗheel ｓpｒocｋｅｔgear ｃhaiｎwhe ｅｌ联组V带tｉgｈt－up Ｖbｅlt联轴器cｏｕｐlinｇsｈａft ｃoupｌingﻫ两维凸轮two－dｉmensioｎａｌcam临界转速crｉtical speed六杆机构ｓix-bar lｉnｋageﻫ龙门刨床ｄoubleＨaaｓｐlaneｒ轮坯blanｋ轮系ｇear ｔraｉｎﻫ螺杆scrｅw螺距thrｅaｄｐｉtｃｈﻫ螺母ｓｃrewｎuｔ螺旋锥齿轮hｅlical bevel gearﻫ螺钉ｓｃrews螺栓bｏltsﻫ螺纹导程leaｄﻫ螺纹效率scｒeｗeｆficieｎｃyﻫ螺旋传动pｏwer ｓcreｗﻫ螺旋密封spｉrａl seａlﻫ螺纹ｔｈreａd (of a scｒew)ﻫ螺旋副helicaｌpair螺旋机构ｓｃrｅw meｃhanismﻫ螺旋角heｌixａngle螺旋线ｈelｉx ，hｅliｃaｌlineﻫ绿色设计ｇreeｎdeｓigｎdesign for enviroｎmｅntﻫ马耳她机构Ｇeｎevａwheel Geneva gearﻫ马耳她十字Malteｓｅｃｒｏss ﻫ脉动无级变速ｐｕlsａｔiｎg steｐlesｓsｐeed cｈanｇeｓ脉动循环应力flｕctuａtingｃircｕlａtｉｎg stｒess脉动载荷flｕcｔuａtｉｎg load铆钉rivet迷宫密封labyrinth ｓｅaｌﻫ密封ｓeal密封带sｅal ｂeｌtﻫ密封胶seal ｇumﻫ密封元件ｐotted ponｅntﻫ密封装置ｓeaｌｉｎg aｒraｎgemｅｎｔﻫ面对面安装faｃe—to-faｃe ａrr ａngeｍent面向产品生命周期设计ｄesigｎｆor ｐｒoducｔ`s life ｃyｃle，ＤPLCﻫ名义应力、公称应力nominaｌstressﻫ模块化设计modｕlａｒdeｓign, MDﻫ模块式传动系统moduｌar sysｔemﻫ模幅箱morｐhology ｂｏxﻫ模糊集ｆｕzｚy setﻫ模糊评价ｆｕzｚｙevａlｕatiｏnﻫ模数ｍoduｌｅ摩擦fｒiｃtiｏnﻫ摩擦角frictｉｏn angle摩擦力ｆｒiｃtion foｒｃe摩擦学设计tribｏlogy desigｎ, ＴDﻫ摩擦阻力fｒictional ｒesistaｎｃe摩擦力矩frｉｃtioｎmoｍent摩擦系数coeｆｆiciｅｎt of frｉctｉｏn摩擦圆friｃtion circle磨损ａbrasion wｅar；sｃrａtchinｇ末端执行器end－effectoｒ目标函数objective funｃtiｏn耐腐蚀性corroｓion rｅsistaｎce ﻫ耐磨性wear resiｓｔaｎce挠性机构mｅｃhaｎism with flexiｂle eleｍｅｎtsﻫ挠性转子flexｉｂlｅrotoｒ内齿轮intｅrnal gearﻫ内齿圈ｒinｇgearﻫ内力inｔｅrnal forceﻫ内圈iｎner ring能量eｎergyﻫ能量指示图ｖiｓcｏｓｉtyﻫ逆时针counterclockwｉsｅ（or anticlockｗisｅ）ﻫ啮出eｎgagiｎg－out啮合engageｍｅｎt，ｍesｈ，ｇｅarｉng啮合点contacｔpｏinｔsﻫ啮合角ｗｏrkiｎg prｅsｓuｒe anglｅﻫ啮合线linｅof aｃtiｏｎﻫ啮合线长度lenｇtｈof ｌinｅof ａctiｏｎ啮入ｅｎgagｉnｇ—iｎﻫ牛头刨床shapｅr凝固点frｅeｚing poｉnt；sｏlidifyｉnｇpｏintﻫ扭转应力torｓion strｅss扭矩mｏmeｎｔｏf ｔorqueﻫ扭簧ｈeｌical ｔorｓｉon spring诺模图NomｏgramＯ形密封圈密封O rｉｎg seal盘形凸轮disｋcamﻫ盘形转子disk—likｅrotoｒ抛物线运动ｐaraboｌic mｏtionﻫ疲劳极限fatｉguｅlimitﻫ疲劳强度fａtigue stｒeｎgｔh偏置式offｓeｔﻫ偏(心）距ｏffset ｄistance偏心率ｅｃceｎtｒiciｔy ｒatioﻫ偏心质量eccentric massﻫ偏距圆oｆfset ciｒcｌeﻫ偏心盘eccentrｉc偏置滚子从动件oｆfsｅｔrolleｒｆｏllｏｗerﻫ偏置尖底从动件ｏffsｅtｋｎifｅ—edｇe fｏlloｗerﻫ偏置曲柄滑块机构ofｆsｅtｓlider—cｒａｎk mechａnｉsm拼接matchinｇ评价与决策evaluation ａｎd decｉsioｎ频率ｆrequencyﻫ平带ｆlat ｂelｔ平带传动flat belt drivingﻫ平底从动件ｆlat-face ｆoｌlowerﻫ平底宽度facｅwiｄtｈﻫ平分线ｂisｅcｔor平均应力ａveraｇe ｓtrｅssﻫ平均中径meａn scrｅw ｄｉａmeterﻫ平均速度averａge velocitｙﻫ平衡baｌanｃeﻫ平衡机balancｉng mａcｈineﻫ平衡品质ｂalancinｇｑuaｌｉtyﻫ平衡平面ｃorrecｔiｎｇplａnｅﻫ平衡质量bａlancinｇmａsｓﻫ平衡重ｃouｎterwｅigｈtﻫ平衡转速bａｌancing ｓpeeｄ平面副ｐlａnａr ｐaｉｒ, flat paiｒﻫ平面机构planar mechaｎｉsmﻫ平面运动副planaｒkｉｎｅmａtｉｃpaｉrﻫ平面连杆机构plaｎar linkａｇeﻫ平面凸轮pｌanaｒcａmﻫ平面凸轮机构planar ｃaｍmechanｉｓm平面轴斜齿轮ｐaraｌｌeｌheliｃal ｇeaｒｓﻫ普通平键paｒalｌel keyﻫ其她常用机构otｈeｒｍｅchanisｍiｎmon use ﻫ起动阶段ｓｔａrｔing period启动力矩sｔａrtｉnｇｔｏrｑue气动机构pｎeｕmaｔiｃmｅｃhaniｓm奇异位置singulａr poｓitioｎ起始啮合点initｉal ｃonｔact，beｇinninｇoｆcontaｃt气体轴承gａs beａrｉng千斤顶jaｃｋﻫ嵌入键sunk key强迫振动foｒced vibrａtｉｏn切齿深度depth ｏf cutﻫ曲柄craｎk曲柄存在条件Grashoｆf`ｓｌａw曲柄导杆机构ｃrank shａper (guiｄe-bａｒ）mechanism曲柄滑块机构sliｄer－crank (ｏｒcｒanｋ-slｉder) mechanismﻫ曲柄摇杆机构cｒaｎk-rocｋer ｍｅｃｈanismﻫ曲齿锥齿轮spirａl beｖel geａr 曲率curvature曲率半径ｒadｉｕs of ｃuｒvatｕreﻫ曲面从动件ｃurvｅd-shoe followeｒ曲线拼接cuｒvｅｍatchingﻫ曲线运动curｖilｉnｅar motionﻫ曲轴craｎk ｓｈaｆtﻫ驱动力drｉviｎg forｃeﻫ驱动力矩drｉviｎg momenｔ(tｏrque）ﻫ全齿高whｏｌe dｅｐｔｈ权重集ｗeighｔｓeｔs球ｂallﻫ球面滚子coｎvｅx rolｌｅrﻫ球轴承ball beａrｉｎgﻫ球面副spｈｅrｉc pair球面渐开线spｈeｒｉcal invoｌutｅﻫ球面运动spherical motioｎ球销副spｈere—pin paｉr球坐标操作器polar coorｄｉnａte mａｎｉｐulａtorﻫ燃点spontaneous ｉgｎitｉｏn热平衡hｅat ｂalａｎｃe；thermal equｉｌiｂrｉum ﻫ人字齿轮hｅrrｉnｇbｏｎe ｇear冗余自由度rｅdundaｎt dｅgｒｅe of freｅｄoｍ柔轮flｅxsplｉneﻫ柔性冲击flexible imｐulｓe; soft shocｋﻫ柔性制造系统fｌeｘiｂle manufactuｒｉng system；FMSﻫ柔性自动化flexible automationﻫ润滑油膜lｕbｒiｃａnt ｆilｍ润滑装置ｌｕｂricａtioｎdeｖicｅﻫ润滑lubricationﻫ润滑剂lubｒiｃaｎtﻫ三角形花键ｓeｒration ｓpline三角形螺纹V ｔｈreaｄsｃreｗ三维凸轮thｒee-diｍｅnｓioｎａl ｃａm三心定理Ｋｅnnedy`s theoremﻫ砂轮越程槽ｇrinｄiｎgｗhｅeｌｇroｏveﻫ砂漏hour-glass少齿差行星传动plaｎｅtaryｄrｉve with smalｌtｅethｄｉffereｎce设计方法学desｉgn mｅｔhoｄology设计变量dｅsigｎｖａｒｉable设计约束ｄｅsign coｎsｔｒaintｓﻫ深沟球轴承dｅep grｏove ball bｅａｒｉngﻫ生产阻力proｄuctivｅreｓiｓtａnｃｅ升程rｉｓe升距lift实际廓线ｃam ｐrｏｆileﻫ十字滑块联轴器double slider couｐlinｇ; Ｏldham‘s couplingﻫ矢量vｅｃｔorﻫ输出功oｕtpｕt woｒｋﻫ输出构件o ｕｔput lｉｎkﻫ输出机构ｏutpuｔmechanism输出力矩outpｕt toｒque输出轴outｐutｓhaft输入构件ｉｎput liｎkﻫ数学模型ｍａthematic ｍｏdelﻫ实际啮合线actｕal line oｆaｃtiｏn双滑块机构ｄoubｌｅ—sliｄer mechａniｓm，ellｉpsogｒａpｈﻫ双曲柄机构douｂle crank ｍecｈanism双曲面齿轮hyperboloｉｄgｅａrﻫ双头螺柱studsﻫ双万向联轴节ｃonstａｎt-ｖelocity （or double) unｉveｒsａl joiｎtﻫ双摇杆机构doubｌe rockerｍechaｎiｓm双转块机构Oｌdｈａm coupｌingﻫ双列轴承ｄouｂlｅrow bearingﻫ双向推力轴承double-dｉrｅｃtion thrusｔbｅarｉｎgﻫ松边slaｃk-sｉdeﻫ顺时针clockwiｓｅﻫ瞬心inｓtantａｎeouｓｃenter死点deａd poinｔﻫ四杆机构four—bａｒlinkagｅﻫ速度ｖeｌoｃiｔyﻫ速度不均匀( 波动）系数coefficｉent of spｅed flucｔｕation速度波动speeｄｆluｃtuａtion速度曲线veｌocity diａgｒaｍ速度瞬心instanｔａｎeｏus cｅnter ｏf veloｃｉty塔轮sｔep pulley踏板ｐedal台钳、虎钳ｖice太阳轮sun gｅaｒ弹性滑动elａｓticity sliｄing motioｎﻫ弹性联轴器elａstｉc coupling fｌｅxibｌe coｕｐliｎg弹性套柱销联轴器rｕbber－ｃusｈioned sleeve beａring coｕpliｎg套筒sleeｖe梯形螺纹acme threａd foｒmﻫ特殊运动链ｓpｅcial kinemaｔic chainﻫ特性chａracｔeristicsﻫ替代机构ｅｑuivａｌent mechaniｓｍ调节ｍodｕlａtｉｏn，regulａtion调心滚子轴承self-aligning roｌleｒbearｉng调心球轴承self—aliｇnｉng ｂaｌl bｅariｎgﻫ调心轴承selｆ-aligning beaｒinｇ调速ｓpｅeｄｇovｅrniｎｇ调速电动机aｄjuｓtaｂle sｐeedｍｏtｏrｓﻫ调速系统speed control systeｍ调压调速variabｌe voｌtａge ｃｏntrol调速器ｒegulator，goｖｅｒｎorﻫ铁磁流体密封ferrofluid sｅａl停车阶段stoppiｎg pｈａse停歇dwelｌ同步带synchrｏnous belt同步带传动syncｈronｏｕs belt ｄriｖｅﻫ凸得,凸面体ｃonvexﻫ凸轮camﻫ凸轮倒置机构inversｅcａｍmeｃｈａnismﻫ凸轮机构cam,caｍｍechanｉｓｍ凸轮廓线cam prｏfile凸轮廓线绘制lａyｏut of cａｍｐrｏfile。
铸造英语
1. fundamental a. 基础的，基本的3. process n. 工序、过程vt. 使经历某一过程4. molding（美）n. 造型moulding（英）n. 造型5. casting n. 铸造（法）、浇注、铸件8. mold（美）n. 铸型，型mould（英）n. 铸型，型9. govern vt.vi. 支配，决定（be）governed by 取决于……；由……决定，以……为转移。
10. green sand mold n. 湿（砂）型12. pour vi. Vt. 浇注13. dry sand mold n. 干（砂）型14. mixture n. 混合物，混合料15. ram vi. Vt. 冲紧，紧实16. bake vt. Vi. 烘烤，焙烤17. moisture n. 水分，潮气，湿度18. firm a. 坚硬的19. coremaking n. 制芯20. cavity n. 空腔，空洞，孔21. project vt. Vi. 伸出，突出23. binding material n. 粘结材料，粘结剂25. melt vi. Vt. n. 熔化，熔炼，溶液30. burner n. 燃烧器，燃烧炉32. brass n. 黄铜，铜锌合金bronze n. 黄铜，铜锡合金34. crucible furnace n. 坩埚炉35. cast iron n. 铸铁36. cupola n. 冲天炉37. electric arc furnace n. 电弧炉38. open hearth furnace n. 平炉39. converter n. 转炉41. container n. 容器42. ladle n. 浇包43. cleaning n. 清理，清砂44. finishing n. 打磨45. solidify vt. Vi. 使凝固47. gate n. 浇口，内浇口48. riser n.冒口49. adhere vi. 粘附，粘着50. department n. 工段，车间，部门51. inspect vi. Vt. 检查，检验，部门52. heat treatment n. 热处理2. pack vt. 舂、紧，充填3. withdraw （withdrew，withdrawn）vt. 起出，取出5. riddle n.；vt. 筛，过筛6. screen n.；vt. 筛子，筛分8. unifomity n. 均匀性uniformly ad. 均匀地10. facing sand n. 面砂11. heat-resistant a. 耐热的13. collapse vi. 倒塌，毁坏14. excessive a. 过度的15. escape vi. 逸出16. cause vt.；n. 使产生，引起17. blow-hole n. 气孔18. cope n. 上型（箱）19. drag n. 下型（箱）20. boxlike a. 箱形的21. frame n. 框子22. flask n. 砂箱24. cheek n. 中型（箱）25. joint n.；vt. 连接面，接合面26. vent vt. 通气27. venthole n. 通气孔28. properly ad. 适当地，正确地29. permeability n. 透气性30. interior a. 内部的，里面的31. hard-baked a. 烘干，硬化32. insert vt. 放入 n. （pl.）金属型芯，内冷铁33. undercut n. （铸件上的）凹陷部分34. hollow n. 空穴，孔36. assembly n. 总装，组合件37. molten a. 熔融的38. downward ad. a. 向下39. runner n. 横浇道40. compensate vt. 补偿41. shrinkage n. 收缩，收缩量42. remove vt. 去掉，消除43. lug n. （箱）耳44. pin n. （合箱）销46. mold cavity n. 型腔47. parting surface n. 分型面48. pouring basin n. 浇口盆49. gate sprue n. 直浇道50. bottom board n. 底板51. cross-sectional view n. 剖面图2. non-ferrous a. 非铁（金属）的，有色（金属）的3. light-alloy a. 轻合金4. estimate n.；vt. 评价，判断5. fineness n. 细度，光洁度6. plasticity n. 可塑性7. bond n.；vt. 粘结，粘结力，粘结剂8. refractoriness n. 耐火性9. durability n. 耐久（用）性10. in different degrees 在不同程度上11. constituent n.；a. 成分，组成物12. grain n. 颗粒13. aluminium silicate n. 硅酸铝14. clay n. 粘土15. binder n. 粘结剂16. artificial a. 人工的，人造的17. greensand n. 湿砂18. impression n. 型腔，痕迹19. strickle n. 刮板21. proportioning n. 使成比例，配料，（按比例）配合22. hold together 结合23. fuse v. 熔化24. skin n. 表皮，外壳25. relate to 与……有关26. withstand （withstood）vt. 经得起，耐得住27. synthetic a.；n. 合成的，合成剂28. dig （dug，dug）vt. 挖掘，采掘29. pit n. 矿井，矿坑30. mix v. 混合31. relatively ad. 按比例的，相对地32. select vt. 选用，挑选33. nonthermosetting hydrocarbon resin 非热固性碳氢树脂34. bentonite n. 膨润土35. result from 由…引起，由于36. keep from 防止1. patternmaking n.模样制造2. pattern n. 模样3. patternmaker n. 木模工4. affect vt. 影响，对…起作用5. designing n., a. 设计（的）6. drafting n. 制图7. machining n. 机械加工8. be common to 为…所共有9. talk over 商量，讨论10. planning n. 设计，计划11. blueprint n. 蓝图，设计图12. visualize vt. 想象出，设想出13. preliminary a. 初步的14. cost n. 成本，费用15. order vt. 订货16. distortion n. 变形，挠曲17. location n. 位置18. allowance n. 余量19. parting line n. 分型线20. establish vt. 建立21. layout n. 放样图，设计图22. procedure n. 方法，（生产）过程23. decide upon = decide on 决定，选定，确定24. reproduction n. 复制品25. dress （dressed，drest）vt. 刨光，打磨26. edge n. 边，棱边，侧面27. square a. 方的；n. 角尺28. shrink rule n. 缩尺29. divider n. （pl.）两脚规，分规30. instrument n. 工具，装置31. pointed knife n. 尖刀32. tool n. 工具，刀具，机床33. accuracy n. 精度，准确度34. pattern allowance n. 模样余量，模样放尺35. take into account 考虑，重视36. drawing n. 图样37. check vt.；n. 校队，核对，开裂2. wear n.；vt. 磨损3. rapping n. 松模4. subsequent a. 继起的，后来的5. abrasive a.；n. 磨损的，摩擦的6. impervious a. 不能透过的，不渗水的7. alternately adv. 交替的8. damp a.；n. 潮湿的9. tear n. 撕裂，扯破10. plastic n. （常用pl.）塑料，合成树脂11. gypsum n. 石膏12. plaster n. 熟石膏13. exact a. 精确的，精密的14. undersize n. 尺寸过小，尺寸不足15. draft n. （起模）斜度16. machining provision n. 机械加工余量17. solid shrinkage n. 固态收缩18. freezing temperature n. 凝固温度19. contraction n. 收缩20. allow for 考虑到21. automatically ad. 自动地22. approximate a. 近似的，大约的23. malleable iron n. 可锻铸铁，马铁25. master pattern n. 母模26. draw （drew，drawn）vt. 起出（模样）27. vertical a. 垂直的28. taper vt.；n. 退拔，(起模)斜度29. inward a. 向内的30. mount vt. 固定，装配31. accuracy of finish n. 加工精度Lesson 61. skin-dried mold n. 表面干燥型2. air-dried mold n. 空气干燥铸型3. loam mold n. 泥型4. cement-boned mold n. 水泥砂型5. dry-sand core mold n. 组芯铸型6. investment mold n. 熔模铸型7. maintain vt. 维持，保持，维护10. softness n. 柔软（性，度）11. offer vt.；n. 提供，给予，产生12. resistance n. 阻力，抗（耐）……性13. crack n. ；vi. 开裂，裂纹14. favor=favour vt. ; n. 欢迎，赞成15. close vt. ; a. ; n. 合箱，关闭16. shake out n. （振动）落砂17. continuous cycle n. 连续循环，连续周期18. duration n. 持续时间19. majority n. 多数20. miscellaneous a. ；n. 各种的21. assemble vt. ；n. 装配，组合22. protection n. 保护，防护23. erosion n. 侵（腐）蚀，冲蚀24. corn flour n. 谷粉，玉米粉25. glutin n. 明胶26. molasses n. （废）糖浆27. linseed oil n. 亚麻油28. spray n. ；vt. 喷涂（料）29. gas torch n. 煤气喷灯30. portable a. 手提的，可携的，轻便的31. stove n. 炉子，烘炉32. infrared a. 红外线（的）33. backing sand 背砂，填充砂34. penetrate vt. 渗入Lesson 71. evolve vt. 放出，析出2. overnight ad. ；a. 在前一天晚上，隔夜3. oven n. 烘炉，加热室4. burner n. 燃烧器，喷灯5. charcoal n. 木炭6. circulate v. 循环，流通7. provide v. 供给，供应8. resist vt. 抵抗，耐，承受9. detail n. 细节，部分10. disadvantageous a. 不利的，有害的11. unusual a. 不平常的，独特的12. pattern plate n. 模板13. harden vt. 硬化14. sodium silicate n. 硅酸钠，水玻璃15. clay-free n. 无粘土的16. siliceous a. 含硅的，硅酸的17. carbon dioxide n. 二氧化碳18. promote vt. 促进，加速19. interfere vi. 妨碍，影响20. disintegration n. 溃散21. organic a. 有机的22. wood flour n. 木屑，木粉23. sand mixture n. 型砂24. delay vt. ；n. 耽误，延缓25. inadequate a. 不适宜的，不充分的26. portland cement n. 波特兰水泥（普通水泥）Lesson 81. gating system n. 浇注系统2. refer vt. 把…归类于，指（的是）3. passageway n. 通道4. pouring basin n. 浇口杯，浇口池5. strainer core n. 筛网芯片，撇渣芯，浇口滤片6. fulfill =fulfil vt. 实现，完成，达到7. be defined as ……的定义是，可称为8. be classified as 分成（为）……类9. parting-line gating n. 分型线浇注系统10. bottom gating n. 底注式浇注系统11. erosion n. 冲蚀，侵蚀12. turbulence n. 涡流，漩涡，紊流13. refractory tile pipe n. 耐火材料管14. horn gate n. 羊角浇口15. reversed horn gate n. 倒置羊角浇口16. top gating n. 顶注式浇注系统17. gradient n. 梯度18. directional solidification n. 定向凝固19. server as （for）起…作用，作为20. pencil gate n. 雨林浇口21. wedge gate n. 契形浇口22. choke n. 阻流口，节流口23. side gating n. 侧注式浇注系统24. slot n. 狭缝，隙缝25. step gate n. 阶梯浇口26. deliver vt. 供给，移交，交付27. function vi. ；n. 起作用，作用Lesson 91. satisfactory a. 满意的，（良）好的2. originally ad. 原来，最初3. hardness n. 硬度4. transport vt；n. 运输，输送5. （be）capable of –ing 能…，可以…，容许…6. smoothness n. 光滑度，平滑度7. wash n. 涂料8. coating n. 涂料，涂层9. impart vt. 给予，赋予10. collapsibility n.溃散性11. overstress vt.；n. 使…受（应）力过大，过应力，超载12. knock out 落砂，敲出，分离13. core print 型芯头（座）14. sharp sand n. 角形砂，纯砂15. pine-tree resin n. 松香16. cereal binder n. 谷类粘结剂17. dextrine = dextrin n. 糊精（C6H10O5）18. starch n. 淀粉Lesson 102. alloy n. 合金v. 合铸，熔合，熔成合成8. intentionally ad. 有意地，故意地9. blast n. v. 鼓风，（一股）气流10. blast furnace 高炉，鼓风炉11. nickle n. 镍12. chromium n. 铬13. molybdenum n. 钼14. graphite n. 石墨15. property n. 特性，性能16. mechanical property 机械性能17. metallurgical a. 冶金的，金相的18. distribution n. 分布，分布状态19. microscope n. 显微镜20. specimen n. 试样，样品，标本21. grind v. 磨光，磨快（过去式ground）22. polish v. 抛光，打光，发亮23. etch v. 侵蚀，腐蚀24. matrix n. 基体26. extend v. 延长，延伸，扩张27. ferrite n. 铁素体28. cementite n. 渗碳体29. pearlite n. 珠光体30. austenite n. 奥氏体31. steadite n. 斯氏体磷化物共晶体32. solution n. 溶解，溶液，熔体，解决（办法）33. solid solution 固溶体Lesson 111. white cast iron 白口铸铁2. malleable a. 有延展性的，可锻的3. malleable cast iron 球墨铸铁4. nodular a. 球粒状的5. nodular cast iron 球墨铸铁6. reminder n. 剩余物，剩下物7. chill n. a. v. 激冷，冷铁，冷铸，白口层8. rim n. 轮缘9. machining quality a. 机加工性能，被切削性10. forging n. 锻造，锻件11. ductility n. 韧性，延性12. separate v. 分离，析出13. temper v. n. 回火，搀和，加水混砂14. temper carton 退火碳15. interrupt v. 中断，阻碍16. implement n. 机具，农具17. agricultural implement 农具18. fitting n. a. 装配，配件，连接件19. pipe fitting 管接头，管配件20. instead of 代替，而不是21. in this respect 在这一点上，在这方面Lesson 121. primarily2. corrosion n. 腐蚀，侵蚀3. atmospheric a. 大气的，常压的4. exposure n. 暴露，照射5. plating n. 镀层，电镀，喷镀6. heat-treatable a. 可热处理的7. definite a. 确定的，一定的9. （be）prone to 易于，倾向于10. reaction a. 反应，反作用11. （be）liable to 易于…，有…倾向12. oxidation n. 氧化13. whilst =（while） conj. 当…时，而14. flux n. 熔剂，焊剂15. cover flux 覆盖剂16. cleanse vt. 去掉，清除17. oxide n. 氧化物18. to the extent of 到…程度19. aging = （ageing） n. 老化，时效20. self-aging 自然时效21. strain n. 应变，变形22. stability n. 稳定性23. titanium n. 钛24. in varying proportions 按不同的比例25. nonmagnetic a. 无磁的，非磁性的26. nonsparking a. 不产生火花的27. possess vt. 具有，拥有，占有30. equipment n. 设备，装备31. comparable with 可与…相比的，与…相类似的Lesson 132. specify vt. 规定8. impact resistance n. 抗冲击性9. wear resistance n. 耐磨性，磨损阻力10. acid resistance n. 耐酸性11. weldability n. 可焊性，焊接性12. rigidity n. 刚性，刚度13. deflection n. 挠曲，弯曲，挠度14. separately ad. 单独地15. identify vt. 识别，鉴定，验明16. yield strength n. 屈服强度17. ductility n. 韧性，可锻性，延性18. effectiveness n. 有效性19. with regard to 就…而论，对于，关于20. deoxidizer = deoxidiser n. 脱氧剂，还原剂21. soundness n. 完好的程度22. adversely ad. 相反地23. objectionable a. 有害的，不好的24. tolerate vt. 允许，承受Lesson 141. cylinder n. 圆柱体，汽缸2. shell n. 壳体，贝壳3. casing n. 箱，盒，壳，套4. lining n. 衬，衬里，内衬5. brick n. 砖vt. 砌砖6. windbox 风箱，风带7. encircle vt. 环绕，绕……行一周9. support vt. 支撑，支承10. leg n. 腿，脚，支柱11. hunge v. 铰接，用铰链结合；n. 铰链12. semicircular a. 半圆形的13. prop n. 撑杆，炉底撑杆14. remain vi. 剩下，余留15. coke n. 焦炭16. slag n. 炉渣，熔渣17. blower n. 鼓风机，风扇18. taphole 出铁孔19. spout n. 出铁槽，流槽，水落管20. float vi. 漂浮21. sighthole 观察孔22. charging door 加料门23. occupy vt. 占有，占据24. combustion n. 燃烧25. theoretical a. 理论上的26. boundary n. 边界，分界，界27. oxygen n. 氧28. eliminate vt. 除去，消除32. coke bed 底焦33. oxidize v. 使氧化34. influence n. 影响 vt. 影响，对…有作用35. regulate vt. 调整，调节36. efficiency n. 效率37. collect v. 收集，聚集38. preheat v. 预热39. stack n. 烟囱，炉身，堆40. represent v. 代表，意味，象征41. waste n. v. 废物，浪费，纱头，回丝 a. 无用的，废弃的Lesson 151. mass n. 物质，质量 a.大量的，集中的2. mass-production 大量（大批，成批）生产3. previous ad. 以前，预先4. backbreaking a. 累人的5. item n. 条，项，项目6. outstanding a. 显著的，突出的7. advantage n. 优点，有利条件8. dimensionally ad. 在尺寸方面11. fixture n. 夹具13. coordinate v. 配合，使同等14. coordinating n. 配套设备15. stationary a. 不动的，静止的16. permanent a. 永久的，恒定不变的17. foundation n. 基础，地基18. jolt v. ；n. 震击19. squeeze v. ；n. 压实20. piston n. 活塞21. combination n. 结合，组合22. tendency n. 倾向，趋势23. correct vt. 纠正，改正24. compress vt. 压缩25. compressed air 压缩空气26. source n. 源，源泉27. valve n. 阀28. knee valve n. 膝阀29. exhaust n. ；v. 排出30. port n. 口，港口31. cycle n. 循环，周期32. swing v. 回转，摇摆，摆动33. force vt. 迫使，推动；n. 力，力量34. diameter n. 直径Lesson 161. sand slinger n. 抛砂机2. throw vt. ；n. 掷，抛3. impact n. ；vt. 冲击4. mechanism n. 机构，机理5. impeller n. 叶轮6. blade n. 叶片vane n. 叶片8. endless bucket elevator 环形斗式提升机9. track n.；v. 轨道，跟踪10. bay n. 柱距，跨（度）12. centralized fingertrip control 中心按钮控制13. back and forth 前后，来回14. as compared with 与…比较15. aerate vt. 松砂16. provide with 装有，具备17. remote-contro station 遥控台18. visibility n. 能见度，视野，视界Lesson 171. gain ground 有进展2. in the order of 大约，按……次序3. enormous a. 巨大的4. fettling n. 清理，补炉5. none at all 一点也没有6. joint line 分型线7. feeder n. 冒口，补缩包8. dilation n. 扩大，膨胀9. bring about 引起、生产、导致10. ferrostatic head 铁水静压头11. dense a. 致密的12. uncommon a. 难得的、不平常的13. sophistication n. 采用先进技术14. associate vt. 联合be associated with 在…同时，与…有联系15. recover vt. 回收，复原16. expenditure n. 费用17. capital expenditure 基建费18. superior a. ；n. 优等的19. gradually ad. 逐渐20. short series 小批量21. jobbing n. 重复性很小的工作22. unsophisticated a. 不复杂的，简单的23. manual a. ；n. 手工的，手册24. assist vt.；n. 辅助25. lift vt. 起吊，提升26. rational a. 合理的27. criterion （复数criteria） n. （判断的）标准，准则28. prototype n. 原型，样机29. providing conj. （=provided）只要，如果30. delicate a. 精细的，易损的，脆弱的Lesson 181. scale n. 锈皮3. adequate a. 充分的，足够的，适当的5. stiff a. 硬的6. bristle n. （刷子等的）毛7. chisel n. 錾子，凿子8. barrel n. 筒，桶9. tumbling n. 清理滚筒10. rub v. 摩擦11. breakage n. 破裂，断裂12. absorb vt. 吸收，缓冲13. jet n. 气流，射流，水流14. velocity n. 速度15. cabinet n. 小室16. sand blast cabinet 喷砂室17. nozzle n. 喷嘴18. shatter v. 打碎，打破19. shatterproof glass 防震玻璃20. completion n. 完成，结束21. helmet n. 防护面具，头盔22. pneumatic a. 气动的，风动的23. pneumatic chipping hammer 风铲24. grinder n. 砂轮机，磨床25. pneumatic grinder 风动砂轮机26. centrifugal a. 离心的27. hopper n. 斗，仓28. storage hopper 贮存斗29. blade wheel 叶轮30. emery n. 金刚砂，磨光31. emery wheel 砂轮32. dust n. 灰尘33. dust-collecting device 击沉装置3. carbon n. 碳4. silicon n. 硅5. manganese n. 锰6. sulfur = （sulphur） n. 硫7. phosphorus n. 磷8. molybdenum n. 钼9. nickel n. 镍10. tungsten n. 钨11. vanadium n. 钒12. zirconium n. 锆13. calcium n. 钙14. silica n. 二氧化硅，石英。
铸造英语专业词汇
GB5611-851. 基本术语1.1. 铸造foundry, founding, casting1.2. 铸造工艺foundry technology1.3. 铸件casting1.4. 砂型铸造sand casting process1.5. 特种铸造special casting process2. 合金性能2.1. 流动性fluidity2.2. 充型能力mold-filling capacity2.3. 吸气gas absorption2.4. 过冷undercooling, supercooling2.5. 过冷度degree of undercooling2.6. 成核nucleation2.7. 自发成核（均质成核）homogeneous nucleation2.8. 非自发成核（非均质成核）heterogeneous nucleation2.9. 凝固温度范围solidifica tion range2.10. 定向凝固（顺序凝固）directional solidification2.11. 液态收缩（液体收缩）liquid contraction2.12. 凝固收缩solidification contraction2.13. 固态收缩（固体收缩）solid contraction 2.14. 凝固时间solidification time2.15. 自由收缩free contraction2.16. 受阻收缩hindered contraction2.17. 铸件线收缩率shrinkage2.18. 收缩应力contraction stress2.19. 热应力thermal stress2.20. 相变应力transformation stress, phase change stress2.21. 铸造应力casting stress2.22. 残留应力（残余应力）residual stress3. 铸造用材料3.1. 金属原材料3.1.1. 金属原材料metallic raw material3.1.2. 生铁pig iron3.1.3. 铁合金ferro-alloy3.1.4. 回炉料foundry returns3.1.5. 中间合金master alloy3.2. 燃料3.2.1. 铸造焦炭foundry coke 3.2.2. 冶金焦炭metallurgical coke3.2.3. 固定碳fixed carbon3.3. 熔剂3.3.1. 熔剂flux3.3.2. 除气熔剂（除气剂）degassing flux 3.3.3. 覆盖熔剂（覆盖剂）covering flux 3.3.4. 精炼熔剂（精炼剂）refining flux 3.3.5. 耐火材料3.3.6. 耐火度（耐火性）refractoriness 3.3.7. 耐火砖firebrick3.3.8. 耐火粘土fireclay3.3.9. 硅砖silica brick3.3.10. 镁砂grain magnesite3.4. 造型材料3.4.1. 造型材料molding material3.4.2. 砂sand3.4.3. 水洗砂washed-out sand3.4.4. 硅砂silica sand3.4.5. 天然砂natural sand3.4.6. 人工砂artificial sand3.4.7. 天然粘土砂naturally clay-bonded sand3.4.8. 橄榄石砂olivine sand3.4.9. 铬铁矿砂chromite sand3.4.10. 锆砂zircon sand3.4.11. 炭粒砂carbon sand3.4.12. 精硅砂sharp sand3.4.13. 红砂red sand3.4.14. 熟料砂chamotte sand3.4.15. 粘结剂binder3.4.16. 粘土clay3.4.17. 无机粘结剂inorganic binder3.4.18. 有机粘结剂organic binder3.4.19. 高岭土kaolin3.4.20. 膨润土bentonite3.4.21. 钠基膨润土sodium bentonite3.4.22. 钙基膨润土calcium bentonite3.4.23. 活化膨润土activated bentonite 3.4.24. 干性油drying oil3.4.25. 自硬粘结剂(冷硬粘结剂) no bakebinder3.4.26. 热固树脂粘结剂thermosetting resin binder3.4.27. 油类粘结剂oil based binder3.4.28. 水玻璃粘结剂water glass binder, sodium silicate binder3.4.29. 纸浆废液lignin liquor3.4.30. 合脂粘结剂synthetic fat binder 3.4.31. 水玻璃模数sodium silicate modulus3.5. 辅助材料3.5.1. 附加物additives3.5.2. 发热剂exothermic mixture3.5.3. 分型剂（脱模剂）parting agent, stripping agent3.5.4. 固化剂（硬化剂）hardener3.5.5. 悬浮剂suspending agent3.5.6. 涂料coating3.5.7. 砂处理3.5.8. 型砂制备（砂处理）sand preparation3.5.9. 混砂sand mulling, sand mixing 3.5.10. 型砂（造型混合料）molding sand 3.5.11. 芯砂（造芯混合料）core sand 3.5.12. 合成砂synthetic sand3.5.13. 自硬砂self-hardening sand3.5.14. 水玻璃砂sodium silicate-bonded sand3.5.15. 覆膜砂precoated sand3.5.16. 烂砂泥（麻泥）loam3.5.17. 调匀砂temper sand3.5.18. 面砂facing sand3.5.19. 背砂（填充砂）backing sand3.5.20. 单一砂unit sand3.5.21. 含泥量clay content3.5.22. 含水量moisture content 3.5.23. 旧砂floor sand3.5.24. 枯砂（焦砂）burnt sand3.5.25. 废砂waste sand3.5.26. 热砂hot sand3.5.27. 松砂aeration , sand-cutting3.5.28. 筛分（筛析）screen analysis3.5.29. 旧砂处理sand reconditioning3.5.30. 旧砂再生sand reclamation3.5.31. 沉降分选elutria tion, decantation 3.5.32. 型砂性能及试验3.5.33. 型砂试验sand testing3.5.34. 透气性permeability3.5.35. 流动性flowability3.5.36. 型砂强度sand strength3.5.37. 湿强度green strength3.5.38. 干强度dry strength3.5.39. 耐用性（复用性）durability3.5.40. 砂型（芯）硬度mold hardness 3.5.41. 热变形hot deformation3.5.42. 残留强度retained strength3.5.43. 热强度hot strength3.5.44. 韧性toughness3.5.45. 发气率（发气速度）gas evolution rate3.5.46. 发气性（发气量）gas evolution 3.5.47. 吸湿性moisture absorption3.5.48. 落砂性knock-out capability3.5.49. 潰散性collapsibility3.5.50. 胶质价colloid index3.5.51. 破碎指数shatter index3.5.52. 砂处理设备3.5.53. 热气流烘砂装置hot pneumatic tube drier3.5.54. 混砂机sand muller, sand mixer 3.5.55. 松砂机aerator, sand cutter3.5.56. 冷却提升机cooling elevator, coolevator3.5.57. 筛砂机riddle3.5.58. 磁力滚筒magnetic separator 3.5.59. 旧砂再生设备sand reclamation3.5.60. 气力输送装置pneumatic tube conveyor4. 铸造合金4.1. 铸铁4.1.1. 铸铁cast iron4.1.2. 铸铁石墨形态morphology of graphite in cast iron4.1.3. 灰铸铁（灰口铸铁）gray cast iron 4.1.4. 白口铸铁white cast iron4.1.5. 麻口铸铁mottled cast iron4.1.6. 共晶度degree of saturation4.1.7. 碳当量carbon equivalent4.1.8. 片状石墨flake graphite4.1.9. 初生石墨primary graphite4.1.10. 孕育铸铁inocula ted cast iron4.1.11. 球墨铸铁spheroidal graphite cast iron, nodular graphite iron,ductile iron4.1.12. 球状石墨spheroidal graphite, nodular graphite4.1.13. 可锻铸铁malleable cast iron4.1.14. 黑心可锻铸铁black heart malleable cast iron4.1.15. 珠光体可锻铸铁pearlitic malleable cast iron4.1.16. 铁素体可锻铸铁ferritic malleable cast iron4.1.17. 白心可锻铸铁white heart malleable cast iron4.1.18. 团絮石墨tempered graphite4.1.19. 冷硬铸铁（激冷铸铁）chilled iron 4.1.20. 耐磨铸铁wear resisting cast iron 4.1.21. 耐热铸铁heat resisting cast iron 4.1.22. 耐酸铸铁acid resisting cast iron4.1.23. 高硅铸铁high silicon cast iron4.1.24. 蠕墨铸铁vermicular cast iron, compacted graphite cast iron4.1.25. 蠕虫状石墨vermicular graphite 4.1.26. 合金铸铁alloy cast iron4.2. 铸钢4.2.1. 铸钢cast steel4.2.2. 炭素铸钢carbon cast iron4.2.3. 低合金铸钢low alloy cast steel4.2.4. 高锰钢high manganese steel 4.2.5. 铁素体钢ferritic steel4.2.6. 铸造非铁合金4.2.7. 青铜bronze4.2.8. 铅青铜lead bronze4.2.9. 铝青铜aluminum bronze4.2.10. 黄铜brass4.2.11. 铝铜合金aluminum-copper alloy 4.2.12. 铝镁合金aluminum-magnesium alloy4.2.13. 铝硅合金aluminum-silicon alloy4.2.14. 镁合金magnesium alloy4.2.15. 轴承合金（减摩合金）bearing metal, antifrictional metal4.2.16. 巴氏合金babbitt alloy4.2.17. 钛合金titanium alloy5. 熔炼工艺及设备5.1. 熔炼基本术语5.1.1. 熔化（熔炼）melting5.1.2. 重熔remelting5.1.3. 炉料charge5.1.4. 熔化率melting rate5.1.5. 炉料计算charge calculation5.1.6. 双联熔炼duplexing5.1.7. 元素烧损（元素烧损率）melting losses of various chemicalelements5.1.8. 熔炼损耗（烧损）total melting loss 5.1.9. 还原气氛reducing atmosphere5.1.10. 氧化气氛oxidizing atmosphere5.1.11. 惰性气体inert gas5.1.12. 碱度（碱性指数）index of basicity 5.1.13. 碱性渣basic slag5.1.14. 酸性渣acid slag5.1.15. 精炼refining5.1.16. 遗传性heredity5.1.17. 铸铁熔炼5.1.18. 风口比tuyere ratio5.1.19. 有效高度effective height5.1.20. 送风强度blast intensity5.1.21. 预热送风hot blast5.1.22. 底焦coke bed5.1.23. 层焦coke split5.1.24. 隔焦（结力焦）buffer coke charge 5.1.25. 炉衬furnace lining5.1.26. 碱性炉衬basic lining5.1.27. 酸性炉衬acid lining5.1.28. 棚料bridging5.1.29. 熔池bath5.1.30. 吸碳carbon pick-up5.1.31. 铁焦比（焦比）iron-coke ratio 5.1.32. 出渣deslagging5.1.33. 打炉cupola drop5.2. 铸钢5.2.1. 氧化熔炼法oxidizing melting5.2.2. 不氧化熔炼法dead melting5.2.3. 真空熔炼vacuum refining5.2.4. 电渣熔炼electro-slag melting 5.2.5. 熔渣slag5.2.6. 沉渣sludge5.2.7. 浮渣dross, cinder5.2.8. 氧化期（沸腾期）oxidizing stage, boil5.2.9. 还原期deoxidizing stage, blocking stage5.2.10. 还原渣reducing slag5.2.11. 氧化渣oxidizing slag5.2.12. 白渣white slag5.2.13. 脱氧deoxidation5.2.14. 扒渣slagging- off5.2.15. 脱碳decarburization5.2.16. 脱硫desulphurization5.2.17. 脱磷dephosphorization5.2.18. 增碳recarburizing5.2.19. 脱氧剂deoxidizer5.2.20. 非铁金属熔炼5.2.21. 挥发损耗volatilizing losses5.2.22. 静置stewing, holding5.2.23. 吹氮nitrogen flushing5.3. 熔炼设备5.3.1. 冲天炉cupola5.3.2. 水冷冲天炉water-cooled cupola 5.3.3. 热风冲天炉hot-blast cupola5.3.4. 湿法除尘器we t cap5.3.5. 炉缸cupola well5.3.6. 前炉forehearth 5.3.7. 冲天炉加料机cupola charging machine5.3.8. 爬式加料机skip hoist5.3.9. 电磁配铁称electro-magnetic weighing balancer5.3.10. 电磁盘electromagnetic chuck5.3.11. 电弧炉（直接电弧炉）arc furnace, direct arc furnace5.3.12. 感应电炉electric induction furnace 5.3.13. 电渣炉electroslag furnace5.3.14. 电磁搅拌electromagnetic agitation 5.3.15. 浇包ladle5.3.16. 摇包shaking ladle5.3.17. 底注包bottom pouring ladle5.3.18. 保温炉holding furnace5.3.19. 坩埚炉crucible furnace5.3.20. 熔融金属处理5.3.21. 孕育inoculation5.3.22. 多孔塞法porous plug process5.3.23. 变质modification5.3.24. 墨化剂graphitizer5.3.25. 过热superheating5.3.26. 石墨球化处理nodularizing treatment of graphite5.3.27. 碳当量仪eutectometer5.3.28. 三角试块wedge test-piece5.3.29. 真空除气vacuum degassing5.4. 浇注5.4.1. 浇注pouring5.4.2. 保护气氛浇注pouring under controlled atmosphere5.4.3. 浇注速度pouring rate5.4.4. 浇注温度pouring temperature5.4.5. 浇注时间pouring time5.4.6. 浇注位置pouring position5.4.7. 型内孕育inmold inocula tion5.4.8. 压铁weight5.4.9. 捣冒口churning, pumping5.4.10. 点冒口（补注）teeming5.4.11. 浸入式高温计immersion pyremeter 5.4.12. 补炉patching5.4.13. 炉龄（炉衬寿命）campaign6. 工艺设计及工艺装备6.1. 工艺设计6.1.1. 铸造工艺设计mold design6.1.2. 铸造工艺装备设计foundry tools design6.1.3. 铸造工艺图foundry moldingdrawing6.1.4. 铸件图（毛坯图）drawing of rough casting6.1.5. 起模斜度（拔模斜度）pattern draft 6.1.6. 收缩余量shrinkage allowance6.1.7. 工艺补正量molding allowance6.1.8. 加工余量machining allowance6.1.9. 吃砂量mold thickness6.1.10. 补贴pad6.1.11. 分型负数joint allowance6.1.12. 铸件尺寸公差dimensional tolerance of casting6.1.13. 铸件重量公差weight allowance of casting6.1.14. 铸件加工基准面reference face for machining of casting6.1.15. 铸件表面粗糙度surface roughness of casting6.2. 浇冒口系统6.2.1. 浇注系统（浇口）gating system, running system6.2.2. 封闭式浇注系统choked running system, pressurized gating system6.2.3. 半封闭式浇注系统enlarged runner system6.2.4. 开放式浇注系统unchoked running system, non-pressurized gating system6.2.5. 浇口盆（外浇口）pouring basin6.2.6. 浇口杯pouring cup6.2.7. 浇口塞blanking-off plug6.2.8. 直浇道sprue6.2.9. 直浇道窝sprue base6.2.10. 横浇道runner6.2.11. 筛网芯（滤网芯）strainer core6.2.12. 内浇道ingate6.2.13. 离心集渣浇注系统whirl gate, dirt trap system6.2.14. 顶注式浇注系统top ga ting system6.2.15. 底注式浇注系统bottom gating system6.2.16. 阶梯式浇注系统step gating system 6.2.17. 雨淋浇口shower gate6.2.18. 缝隙浇口slot ga te6.2.19. 压边浇口lip runner, kiss runner6.2.20. 牛角式浇口horn gate6.2.21. 热节hot spot6.2.22. 冒口riser, feeder heed6.2.23. 冒口效率riser efficiency6.2.24. 明冒口open riser6.2.25. 暗冒口blind riser6.2.26. 侧冒口（边冒口）side riser6.2.27. 压力冒口pressure riser6.2.28. 大气压力冒口atmospheric riser6.2.29. 发气压力冒口（气弹冒口）gas-delivered pressure riser6.2.30. 透气砂芯pencil core6.2.31. 冒口颈riser neck6.2.32. 冒口根riser pad6.2.33. 保温冒口套heat insulating feeder sleeve6.2.34. 发热冒口套exothermic feeder sleeve 6.2.35. 补缩距离feeding distance, feeding zone6.2.36. 易割冒口knock-off head6.2.37. 易割片（易割芯片）washburn core 6.2.38. 模样6.2.39. 铸造工艺装备foundry tools and equipment6.2.40. 模样（铸模，模）pattern6.2.41. 母模master pattern6.2.42. 金属模metal pattern6.2.43. 骨架模skeleton pattern6.2.44. 石膏模plaster pattern6.2.45. 塑料模plastic pattern6.2.46. 整体模one-piece pattern6.2.47. 分开模parted pattern, split pattern 6.2.48. 活块loose piece6.2.49. 模板pattern plate6.2.50. 模底板pattern mounting pla te6.2.51. 单面模板single face pattern plate6.2.52. 双面模板match pla te6.2.53. 放样（伸图）hot dimensional drawing 6.2.54. 缩尺（模样工缩尺）shrinkage rule, pattern-maker’s r ule6.3. 芯盒6.3.1. 芯盒core box6.3.2. 脱落式芯盒troughed core box6.3.3. 下芯量具core setting scale6.3.4. 下芯夹具core jig6.3.5. 烘芯板core drying plate6.3.6. 砂箱6.3.7. 砂箱flask, molding box6.3.8. 箱带（箱挡）flask bar, cross bar6.3.9. 脱箱snap flask6.3.10. 套箱mold jacket6.3.11. 套销hollow pin, stub pin7. 造型及造芯7.1. 造型7.1.1. 造型molding7.1.2. 型腔mold cavity7.1.3. 铸型（型）mold7.1.4. 砂型sand mold7.1.5. 上型（上箱）cope, top part7.1.6. 下型（下箱）drag, bottom part7.1.7. 手工造型hand molding7.1.8. 机器造型machine molding7.1.9. 自动化造型automa tic molding7.1.10. 分型面mold joint7.1.11. 有箱造型flask molding7.1.12. 两箱造型two-part molding7.1.13. 三箱造型three-part molding7.1.14. 不平分型面stepped joint7.1.15. 无箱造型flaskless molding7.1.16. 脱箱造型removable flask molding 7.1.17. 地坑造型pit molding7.1.18. 刮板造型sweep molding7.1.19. 抛砂造型impeller ramming, sand slinging molding7.1.20. 组芯造型core assembly molding 7.1.21. 假箱造型oddside molding7.1.22. 微震压实造型vibratory squeezing molding7.1.23. 高压造型high pressure molding 7.1.24. 湿砂型（湿型，潮型）green sand mold7.1.25. 砂型烘干mold drying7.1.26. 干砂型（干型）dry sand mold7.1.27. 表面烘干型skin dried mold7.1.28. 烂砂泥型loam mold7.1.29. 砂床bed7.1.30. 过渡角transition angle7.1.31. 吊砂cod7.1.32. 砂钩lifter7.1.33. 负压造型（真空密封造型）vacuum molding7.1.34. 流态砂造型fluid sand molding7.1.35. 漏模pattern stripping7.1.36. 填砂mold-filling7.1.37. 紧实（紧砂，舂砂）ramming7.1.38. 震实jolt ramming7.1.39. 压实squeezing ramming7.1.40. 紧实度degree of ramming7.1.41. 二氧化碳法造型CO2 process7.1.42. 自硬砂造型self-hardening sand molding7.1.43. 塞砂tucking7.1.44. 刮砂strike-off7.1.45. 造型生产线molding line7.1.46. 刷水swabbing7.1.47. 敲模rapping7.1.48. 起模（拔模）stripping7.1.49. 扎出气孔venting7.1.50. 排气道venting channel7.1.51. 修型patching7.1.52. 冷铁densener, chill7.1.53. 外冷铁surface densener7.1.54. 内冷铁internal densener7.1.55. 验型（验箱）trial closing7.1.56. 合型（合箱，组型）mold assembling, closing7.2. 造芯7.2.1. 造芯（制芯）core making7.2.2. 芯（芯子）core7.2.3. 芯骨core rod, core scab7.2.4. 油砂芯oil sand core7.2.5. 预制芯embeded core, ram upcore7.2.6. 芯头core print7.2.7. 芯座core print7.2.8. 芯头斜度core print taper7.2.9. 芯头间隙core print clearance7.2.10. 壳芯shell core7.2.11. 烘芯core baking7.2.12. 通气蜡线vent wax7.2.13. 冷芯盒法cold box process7.2.14. 热芯盒法hot box process7.2.15. 芯撑chaplet7.2.16. 造型工具7.2.17. 造型工具hand tools of molding7.2.18. 压勺heart and spoon7.2.19. 提沟cleaner7.2.20. 双头铜勺（秋叶）double ended radius sleeker7.2.21. 镘刀trowel7.2.22. 造型及造芯设备7.2.23. 造型机molding machine7.2.24. 压实造型机squeezing molding machine7.2.25. 震击台bumper7.2.26. 振动台vibrating table7.2.27. 微震压实造型机vibratory squeezer 7.2.28. 震实造型机jolt molding machine7.2.29. 高压造型机high pressure molding machine7.2.30. 射压造型机shooting andsqueezing molding machine7.2.31. 多触头造型机equalizing piston squeezer7.2.32. 抛砂机sand slinger7.2.33. 起模机drawing machine7.2.34. 射砂机core shooter7.2.35. 挤芯机core extruder 7.2.36. 铸型输送机mold conveyor8. 铸件落砂及清理8.1. 落砂及清理8.1.1. 落砂shake-out, knock-out8.1.2. 除芯decoring8.1.3. 噴砂清理sand blasting8.1.4. 抛丸清理shot blasting8.1.5. 水力清砂hydraulic cleaning8.1.6. 水砂清砂hydraulic blast8.1.7. 清理cleaning, fettling8.1.8. 清砂cleaning8.1.9. 火焰表面清理scarfing8.1.10. 清铲chipping8.1.11. 化学清砂chemical cleaning8.1.12. 精整dressing and finishing8.1.13. 落砂机knock-out machine8.1.14. 抛丸清理机shot blast machine 8.1.15. 清理滚筒tumbling barrel8.1.16. 抛丸落砂清理设备shot blast reclaiming equipment8.1.17. 悬挂式磨轮swing frame grinder 8.1.18. 修补及矫正8.1.19. 矫正coining, straightening8.1.20. 焊补repair welding8.1.21. 渗补impregnation8.1.22. 特种铸造8.1.23. 金属型铸造8.1.24. 金属型铸造permanent mold casting, gravity die casting8.1.25. 金属型metal mold8.1.26. 金属芯metal core8.1.27. 覆砂金属型sand-lined metal mold 8.1.28. 排气塞venting plug8.1.29. 排气槽air vent8.1.30. 龟裂heat checking8.1.31. 金属型铸造机gravity die casting machine9. 压力铸造9.1. 压力铸造（压铸）die casting, pressure die casting9.2. 压铸型die-casting die, die9.3. 动型moving die, ejector die half 9.4. 定型fixed die, cover die half9.5. 合型力clamping force , dielocking force9.6. 压室pressure chamber9.7. 鹅颈管gooseneck9.8. 分流器spreader, sprue spreader9.9. 顶杆ejector pin9.10. 溢流槽overflow well9.11. 压射冲头（压室）injection piston, plunger9.12. 压射比压injection pressure9.13. 压射速度injection speed9.14. 保压时间dwell time9.15. 真空压铸evacuated die casting, vacuum die casting9.16. 充氧压铸pore-free die casting9.17. 双冲头压铸（精速密压铸）acurad(accurate?) die casting9.18. 压铸机die casting machine9.19. 冷室压铸机cold chamber die casting machine9.20. 热室压铸机hot chamber die casting machine9.21. 镶铸法insert process9.22. 离心铸造9.23. 离心铸造true centrifugal casting9.24. 半离心铸造semi-centrifugal casting 9.25. 离心浇注centrifugal pressure casting, centrifuge casting9.26. 双金属离心铸造bimetal centrifugal casting9.27. 离心铸造机centrifugal casting machine10. 熔模铸造10.1. 失模铸造lost pattern casting10.2. 熔模铸造（失蜡铸造）fusible pattern molding, lost-wax molding10.3. 压制熔模fusible pattern injection 10.4. 压型pattern die10.5. 熔模fusible pattern10.6. 盐模salt pa ttern10.7. 蜡模wax-pattern10.8. 模组pattern assembly10.9. 熔模涂料（浆料）slurry10.10. 面层涂料investment precoat10.11. 撒砂stuccoing 1010.12. 脱蜡dewaxing10.13. 熔烧sintering10.14. 壳型铸造10.15. 壳型铸造shell molding10.16. 结壳时间investing time10.17. 结壳温度investing temperature 10.18. 硬化温度curing temperature 10.19. 硬化时间curing time10.20. 其它铸造方法10.21. 陶瓷型铸造ceramic molding10.22. 陶瓷型浆料ceramic slurry10.23. 灌浆paste pouring10.24. 喷烧torch firing10.25. 低压铸造low-pressure die casting 10.26. 充型压力mold filling pressure 10.27. 保压压力dwell pressure10.28. 升液管stalk10.29. 真空吸铸suction casting10.30. 差压铸造（反压铸造）counter-pressure casting10.31. 实型铸造full mold process, cavityless casting10.32. 泡沫塑料模styrofoam pattern 10.33. 磁型铸造（磁丸铸造）magnetic shot molding process10.34. 凝壳铸造slush casting10.35. 石膏型铸造plaster molding10.36. 连续铸造continuous casting11. 铸件质量及铸件缺陷11.1. 铸件质量基本术语11.1.1. 铸件检验inspection of casting 11.1.2. 铸件质量分析quality analysis of casting11.1.3. 铸件外观质量visual quality of casting11.1.4. 铸件内在质量internal quality of casting11.1.5. 铸件使用性能service ability of casting11.1.6. 单铸试块separated test bar of casting11.1.7. 附铸试块test lug11.1.8. 缺陷铸件defective casting11.1.9. 废品reject11.1.10. 无损检验（无损探伤）nondestructive inspection11.1.11. 破坏性试验destructive testing 11.1.12. 多肉类缺陷11.1.13. 飞翅（飞边）joint flash11.1.14. 毛刺veining11.1.15. 抬型（抬箱）cope raise , raised mold11.1.16. 胀箱swell11.1.17. 冲砂erosion, cut, wash11.1.18. 掉砂drop, crush11.1.19. 外渗物（外渗豆）sweat11.2. 孔洞类缺陷11.2.1. 气孔blow hole11.2.2. 针孔pinhole11.2.3. 缩孔shrinkage11.2.4. 缩松dispersed shrinkage11.2.5. 疏松（显微缩松）porosity microshrinkage11.2.6. 裂纹、冷隔类缺陷11.2.7. 冷裂cold cracking11.2.8. 热裂hot tearing11.2.9. 热处理裂纹heat treatment crack 11.2.10. 白点（发裂）flake11.2.11. 冷隔cold shut, cold lap11.2.12. 浇注断流interrupted pour11.2.13. 表面缺陷11.2.14. 鼠尾rat-tail11.2.15. 沟漕buckle11.2.16. 夹砂结疤（夹砂）scab11.2.17. 机械粘砂（渗透粘砂）metal penetration11.2.18. 化学粘砂（烧结粘砂）burn-on 11.2.19. 表面粗糙rough surface11.2.20. 皱皮elephant skin11.2.21. 缩陷depression11.2.22. 残缺类缺陷11.2.23. 浇不到misrun11.2.24. 未浇满poured short11.2.25. 跑火run-out, bleeding11.2.26. 型漏（漏箱）run-out, bleeding 11.2.27. 损伤（机械损伤）damage11.2.28. 形状及重量差错类缺陷11.2.29. 拉长exaggeration of dimension 11.2.30. 超重over-weight11.2.31. 变形distortion, warping11.2.32. 错型（错箱）shift11.2.33. 错芯core shift11.2.34. 偏芯（漂芯）core raised, corelift 11.3. 夹杂类缺陷11.3.1. 夹杂物inclusion11.3.2. 冷豆cold shot11.3.3. 内渗物（内渗豆）internal sweat 11.3.4. 渣气孔scum, slag-blow hole11.3.5. 砂眼sand inclusion11.3.6. 性能、成分、组织不合格11.3.7. 亮皮pearlite layer11.3.8. 菜花头cauli-flowering11.3.9. 石墨飘浮carbon floatation11.3.10. 石墨集结kish graphite spot11.3.11. 组织粗大open grain structure11.3.12. 偏析segregation11.3.13. 硬点hard spot11.3.14. 反白口inverse chill11.3.15. 球化不良under-nodularizing11.3.16. 球化衰退degradated spheroidisation 11.3.17. 脱碳decarburization。
铸造英语词汇1
铸造casting/founding/foundry砂型铸造sand casting process毛胚铸件rough casting铸型mold铸造工艺casting process铸造材料foundry materials铸造设备foundry equipment铸造车间foundry shop铸造厂foundry单铸试块separated test bar of casting 辅铸试块test lug本体试样test specimen from casting itself过热superheating过冷supercooling/undercooling成分过冷constitutional supercooling 过冷度degree of undercooling结晶crystallization形核nucleation形核剂nucleant形核率nucleation rate生长growth铸铁cast iron共晶铸铁eutectic cast iron亚共晶铸铁hypoeutectic cast iron过共晶铸铁hypereutectic cast iron灰铸铁gray cast iron球墨铸铁ductile iron碳当量carbon equivalent孕育铸铁inoculated cast iron共晶度carbon saturation degree硅碳比silicon-carbon ratio锰硫比manganese-sulphur ratio铸铁石墨形态graphite morphology of cast iron片状石墨flake graphite球状石墨nodular graphite絮团状石墨annealing carbon开花状石墨exploded graphite过冷石墨undercooled graphite一炉a cast/a heat/a melt初生石墨primary graphite游离碳free carbon石墨化graphitization 球化剂nodulizer/nodulizing alloy干扰元素interference element三角试块wedge test-piece熔炼melting熔炼损耗total melting loss一批 a batch铸造合金cast alloy合金元素alloying element合金遗传性alloy heredity杂质元素tramp element铸态组织as-cast structure铁碳相图iron-cast structure碳化物carbide渗碳体cementite碳化物形成元素carbide forming element炉料charge金属炉料metallic charge回炉料foundry returns炉料计算charge calculation覆盖剂covering flux。
关于铸造的英语词汇
关于铸造的英语词汇铸造厂，铸造foundry铸造尺shrink rule铸造尺shrinkage rule铸造尺shrinkage scale铸造从业员foundry man铸造法casting process铸造方案founding method铸造方案plan of casting铸造废料foundry scrap铸造机casting machine铸造计划casting plan铸造设计，铸件设计casting design铸造性试验castability test铸造应变casting strains铸造用钉foundry nails铸造用生铁foundry pig iron铸造状态as-cast condition，as-cast铸造组织cast structure铸造作业casting manipulations铸芝模ingot mold铸芝偏析ingotism抓斗绞车装置grabbing gear专业铸造工场production foundry砖brick转变用铁水(调配成分) transition iron转动炉，转筒炉rotary furnace转换conversion转炉converter转炉钢converter steel转炉炉榇converter lining转盘混砂机rotating pan mill转速revolving speed转台，转盘rotary table转台喷粒机shot tablast转位半径transititon radius转运车transfer trolley转运翻箱装置transfer-turnover device转运盖c装置transfer-closing device转运装置transfer device装砂心coring up装载机bucket loader装载能量loading capacity追补焦split coke锥形炉腹bosh坠裂试验shatter test坠落试验drop test坠重试验drop-weight test自动电极控制automatic electrode control自动电流调整器automatic current regulator自动化automation自动化系统automatic system自动加料设备automatic charging equipment自动进给automatic feeding自动控制automatic control自动配料机automatic doser自动燃烧控制automatic combustion control自动送料（压铸）automatic ladling，die casting自动温度控制器automatic temperature controller自动造模工场automatic molding plant自动铸砂处理设备automatic sand plant自动转盘式造模机automatic turntable molding machine 自来水tap water自然腐蚀试验field test自然裂缝seasoning shake自然破裂season cracking自然干燥法(木材)，自然季化处理(铸件) natural seasoning 自然时效natural aging自然通风natural draft自行除渣self-skimming自行除渣风口self-slagging tuyere自行结晶idiomorphic crystal自行退火self-annealing自硬钢self-hardening steel自硬性self-hardening自硬性造模法no-bake process自硬性粘结剂self-curing binder自由度degree of freedom自由水free water纵向裂痕longitudinal crack足尺full size阻挠元素interfering element阻销stop pin组成图constitutional diagram组成物component组成楔值constitutional wedge value组合built up组合构造composite construction组合模板built-up plate组合模型built-up pattern组合模型composite pattern组合模型pattern assembly组合砂箱built-up molding box组合砂心盒multiple core box组织，级成constitution组织成分constituent组织瑕疵structure defects钻悄(试样用) drillings钻维硬度值(韦克氏硬度) diamond pyramid hardness number，Vickers hardness 最大负载maximum load最后加工finish。
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铸造
vt. found
n. foundry
前面常见副词：
重新只是
后面常见名词：
工艺铝合金技术碳化钨不锈钢缺陷空腔排字卡环用做后面常见介词：
通过
铸造
1. The skill or operation of founding.
铸造术，铸造铸造，铸造的技术
2. Vacuum pressing and casting.
真空铸造。
3. low-pressure casting
低压铸造
4. foundry equipment
铸造设备
5. strike a coin
铸造硬币
6. centrifugal casting
7. foundry coke
铸造焦炭
8. type casting
活字铸造
9. foundry sand
铸造砂
10. high pressure die casting
压力铸造
11. casting of metals
金属铸造
12. investment casting; lost wax casting 蜡模铸造
13. coin Money;
不得铸造货币;
14. sand mold casting
砂型铸造
15. permanent mold casting
金属型铸造
16. ceramic mold casting
陶瓷型铸造
17. Cast Be Bronze
18. The Modern Casting for the Large Statue of Buddha 巨型佛像铸造
19. method of casting
金属铸造方法
20. test for castability
铸造性能试验
21. sandless casting
无砂铸造
22. investment casting
熔模铸造
23. Coined silver dollars.
铸造的银币
24. full mold casting
实型铸造
25. shell mold casting
壳型铸造
26. clay mold casting
泥型铸造
27. Bronze Art Casting
青铜艺术铸造
28. They are foundry workers.
他们是铸造工人。
29. Foundry Process of Bronze Bell
铜钟铸造工艺浅说
30. Cast metal foams
铸造金属泡沫材料
31. ZT6 Cast Titainum Alloy
ZT6铸造钛合金
32. The Plaster Mold Casting of Works of Art
艺术品石膏型铸造
33. New Cast Copper Alloys
新型铸造铜合金
34. Cast stainless steel body and investment cast yoke.
铸造不锈钢阀体和熔模铸造轭架。
35. model a head with clay.
用泥土铸造一个头像。
36. Study of the Wear-Resisting Cast Aluminium Alloys
铸造耐磨铝合金的研究
37. Casting of TOSHIBA Valve Casing of C6-4. 9/0- 98 Steam Turbine
东芝阀壳的铸造
38. A projecting edge of a molding.
铸造物的凸出边缘
39. A new heat resistant cast aluminium alloy HZL206
新型耐热铸造铝合金HZL206
40. FINANCE & INSURANCE
铸造辉煌的金融保险
41. Squeeing Casting Technology for Cast Iron Pot
铸铁锅挤压铸造技术
42. crossbar of the mo(u)lding box
(铸造)箱筋, 箱挡
43. Engineering Structure of Casting Copper Buddhism Portrait 铸造铜像的工程结构
44. A cast alloy steel 0Cr18Ni5Mo3 is designed.
设计了OCr18Ni5Mo3铸造合金钢。
45. A coin containing a minting error.
有铸造缺陷的硬币
46. The castings made by founding.
铸件铸造出来的物件
47. Meide Casting Co. LTD, Jinan
济南玫瑰德铸造有限公司。
48. The Cost Estimating of Foundry Technological Process
铸造工艺过程成本的估算
49. turn, shape, mold, or otherwise finish by machinery.
用机械旋转成型铸造等等。
50. charged by a government for coining bullion.
政府征收的铸造金币的税款
foundry 英[ˈfaʊndri:] 美[ˈfaʊndri] 复数：foundries 基本释义同反义词相关资料n.
1.铸造厂名词n.
1.铸造厂
He studied metallurgy as a mature student, having spent ten years working in a foundry.
在一家铸造厂工作了10 年以后，他成为成人学生学习冶金专业。
Tell the foundry to cast another piston.
告诉铸铁间再铸一只活塞。
收起词典例句在写作句库或情景会话中查找编辑指正同义词
名词n.
铸造工厂;精炼工
blacksmith'sforgesmeltershop暂无词性
其他释义
smelterforge语源
early 17th cent. (earlier as foundery): from found + -ry, perhaps suggested by French fonderie
4940
/page/ foundry 爱词霸网络词典
foundry隐藏摘要
铸造车间
ironworks 铁厂
foundry 铸造车间
steelworks, steel mill 钢厂
- 基于120个网页
铸造
foundress 女创立者
foundry 铸造
foundryman 铸造厂工人
- 基于79个网页
铸造厂
foundry shop 铸造车间
foundry 铸造厂
fountain 喷水器中心注管饮水喷头 - 基于58个网页
铸造学
粉末冶金(学)powder metallurgy
铸造学foundry
火法冶金(学)pyrometallurgy
casting 英[ˈkæstɪŋ] 美[ˈkæstɪŋ] 单词原型：cast 基本释义同反义词n.
1.投;掷
2.铸造(物)
3.放弃;蜕皮
4.角色的分派
5.角色选派过程中的性交易(尤指女子同意与某人发生性关系以在影片或电视节目中得到角色) 名词n.
1.投;掷
2.铸造(物)
armor casting
装甲铸件
bronze casting
青铜铸件
3.放弃;蜕皮
4.角色的分派
5.角色选派过程中的性交易(尤指女子同意与某人发生性关系以在影片或电视节目中得到角色)
the Hollywood casting couch for starlets
好莱坞小明星为争得角色而卷入的性交易
收起词典例句在写作句库或情景会话中查找编辑指正同义词暂无词性
fishing
2094
/page/
casting 爱词霸网络词典
casting隐藏摘要
铸造
carriage 托架
casting 铸造
casting surface 铸造面
- 基于359个网页
铸件
叠榫；搭接lap joint
铸件casting
铸造casting
- 基于288个网页
选角导演
Larry Webster
选角导演casting
Richard Pagano
- 基于215个网页浇铸
间断窑intermittent kiln
浇铸casting
拉毛sgraffito。