2016年河北省四级联考申论真题及答案
2016年河北省公务员考试《行测》真题(2)

2016年河北省公务员考试《行测》真题(2)二、片段阅读。
每道题包含一段文字,要求你从四个选项中选出最恰当的一项,你的选择必须与题干要求相符合。
41.汪曾祺曾说语言不是外部的东西,它是和内在的思想同时存在,不可剥离的。
在他看来写小说就是写语言,语文课学的是语言,但语言不是空壳,而是要承载各种各样的思想、哲学、伦理、道德的。
怎么做人,如何对待父母兄弟姐妹,如何对待朋友,如何对待民族国家和自己的劳动等,这些在语文课里是与语言并存的。
从这个意义来讲,语文教育必须吸收和继承传统文化,而诗歌无疑是传统文化的集大成者。
这段文字意在说明( )A.诗歌中包含丰富的思想、伦理和道德元素B.脱离内在思想的语文教育是空洞无物的C.必须重视诗歌在语文教育中的作用D.语文教育需要和思想品德教育同步进行42.秦汉四百年间,政治与文化相互推动,形成互补机制,其效应是:统一被认为是合理的、正常的,分裂则被认为是违理的、反常的。
秦汉文化造成的这一定势,深刻地影响了此后两千年的中国历史。
国家统一,使多元文化整合的速度与力度加强;而整合后的一统文化,具有强大的凝聚力和向心力,又反过来增加政治一统。
这段文字意在强调( )A.政治与文化存在紧密联系B.秦汉文化对于后世影响深远C.中国文化具有强大的向心力D.国家统一的前提是文化的一统整合43.“据理力争”不是最佳的表达方式,太用力,太急切地想说明道理,反而少了从容淡定。
它反映出“力争”者的不够自信,也表明他对听众辨别事理能力的低估。
以下与作者表述的观点最接近的是( )A.有理不在声高B.公道自在人心C.此时无声胜有声D.针尖不必对麦芒44.政府采购作为公共财政管理的一项重要制度安排,本义是规范政府购买行为、节约财政资金、从源头上防治腐朽。
采购部门不从价格上把关,便违背了制度的初衷。
中国社科院公布的一份调研显示,一些地方政府在采购办公用品过程中,有近八成的商品高于市场价格。
这反映了两个方面的问题,一方面是采购需求的不合理,只求贵的不求对的;另一方面则是政府采购招标环节中存在猫腻。
河北四级联考真题及答案解释

2016河北公务员考试行测真题及答案一常识判断根据题目要求,在四个选项中选出一个最恰当的答案。
1.关于生活常识,下列说法错误的是A.缺碘可能会患“大脖子病”B.吃水果有助于补充维生素C.甲醛可以用作药品的防腐剂D.回收废电池可减少重金属污染2.关于水稻,下列说法错误的是A.是一年生的禾本科植物B.大多为自花授粉并结出种子C.中国、印度、日本都是主产国D.淀粉含量是按照早、中、晚品种的分类标准3.在生活中,下列哪一做法或现象与热胀冷缩无关A.夏天在架设电线时,不宜把电线绷得太紧B.往保温瓶灌开水时,不灌满比灌满更容易保温C.把刚煮熟的鸡蛋放到冷水中浸一下,更容易剥壳D.冬天往玻璃杯中倒开水,应先用少量开水预热杯子4.下列对诗词中的物理现象描述错误的是A.坐地日行八万里,巡天遥看一千河——地球公转B.两岸青山相对出,孤帆一片日边来——运动的相对性C.八月秋高风怒号,卷我屋上三重茅——空气振动发声D.飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天——势能转化为动能5.关于“螳螂捕蝉,黄雀在后”,下列说法错误的是A.蝉、螳螂和黄雀都是消费者B.螳螂和黄雀的行为都属于先天性行为C.螳螂,蝉和黄雀组成了一个生态系统D.蝉和螳螂属于节肢动物,黄雀属于鸟类6.下列经济学基本术语与项目内容之间对应错误的是A.固定成本:企业建造的厂房B.不变资本:企业购入的原材料C.变动成本:企业总经理的工资报酬D.机会成本:为投资股票提前支取定期存款而损失的利息7.下列不属于夫妻共同财产的是A.婚前房屋在婚后所得的租金B.夫妻关系存续期间,军人的复员费和自主择业费C.婚后一方父母出资购买的不动产,产权登记在出资人子女名下D.婚姻存续期间虽未实际取得,但明确可以取得的知识产权收益8.关于古代思想家,下列对应错误的是A.独与天地精神相往来——荀子B.虽千万人,吾往矣——孟子C.知其不可而为之——孔子D.摩顶放踵利天下——墨子9.洲际弹道导弹通常指射程大于8000公里的远程弹道式导弹。
2016年12月大学英语四级真题及完整答案(共两卷)(20200629082958)

2016年 12月大学英语四级真题(第一套)Part I Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose youhave two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other togo to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay toexplain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no morethan 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions willbe spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1and 2 are based on the news report you have just the heard.C) A forest fire. D) A Terrorist attack.Questions 3and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department.B) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.C) They sent calls for help via a portable radio.D) They were trapped in an underground elevator.4. A) They provided the miner with food and water.1. A) It was going to be renovated.B) He could no longer pay the rent.C) It was dangerous to live in. D) He had sold it to the royal family.2. A) A storm.B) A strike.B) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.C) They released the details of the accident.D) They tried hard to repair the accident.Question5 to7 are based on the news report you have just hea . rdC) Close some of its post offices. D) Redesign delivery routes.C) Computerizing mail sorting processes. D) Stopping maildelivery on Saturdays.7. A )A lot of controversy will ariseB) Taxpayers will be very pleasedC) Many people will begin to complainD) Many post office staff will lose their jobsSection BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of eachconversation,you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from four choice marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter an Answer sheet1with a single line though the centre.Question8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A)He will lose part of his pay. C)He will be given a warning.B) He will go through retraining. D)He is go good terms with his workmates.9. A)He is an experienced press operator. C)He is always on time.B) He is trustworthy guy. D )He is go good terms with hisworkmates.10. A)She is a trade union representative. C)She is better at handing such matters.B) She is a senior manager of the shop. D)She is in charge of public relation.11. A)He is always trying to stir up trouble.B) He is skilled and experienced.C) He is very close to the manager.D) He is always complaining about low wages.Question12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) Raise postage rates.B) Improve its services. 6. A) Closing offices on holidays. B) Shortening business hours. 12. A)Open. B)Reserved. C)Selfish. D)Friendly.13. A)They read a book. C)They stay quiet.B) They talk about the weather D)They chat with fellow passengers.14. A)She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.B) She was never invited to a colleague ' s home.C) She was eager to visit an English castle.D) She was always treated as a foreigner.15. A) House are much more quiet. C) They want a garden of their own.B) They want to have more space. D) Houses provide more privacy.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They will automatically be given hiring priority.B) They don ' t have to go through job interviews.C) They are likely to get much higher pay.D) They don ' t have much choice of jobs.17. A) Visit the school careers services. C) Look at school bulletin boards.B) Ask their professors for help. D) Go through campus newspapers.18. A) Providing students with information about the library.B) Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.C) Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.D) Helping students find the books and journals they need.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It tastes better. C) It is easier to grow.B) It may be sold at a higher price. D) It can better survive extreme weathers.20. A) It can grow in drier soil. C) It will replace green tea one day.B) It is immune to various diseases. D) It is healthier than green tea.21. A) It does not have a stable market.B) It has made tea farmers ' life easier.C) It does not bring the promised health benefits.D) It has been well received by many tea drinkers.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) They care more about environment.B) They decorate their homes themselves.C) They prefer unique objects of high quality.D) They need decorations to show their status.23. A) They made great contributions to society.B) They could only try to create at night.C) They were proud of their creations.D) They focused on the quality of their products.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Many men and women have long bought into the idea thatthere are “ male ” and“ female ” brains, believing that explains just about every differebnectweeen the sexes. A new stud (y 26)that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers (27)for sex differences the entire human brain.And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidenee for( 28) brains as“ male ” or “ female, ” research shows that brains fall in to a wide ran ge, with most people falli ng right in the middle.Daph na Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there aresome gender-base (29) , many different types of brain can' t always be distinguishedby gen der.While the “average ” male and “average ” female bfOiO S wefi e rent, you could n ' t tell it bydxk 24. A) Identify fake crafts.B) Make wise choices.25. A) To attract foreign investments.B) To preserve the traditional culture.C) Design handicrafts themselves. D) Learn the importance of creation. C) To arouse public interest in crafts. D) To boost the local economy.ing at in dividual brain sca ns. Only a small (31) of people had“ a-male” or -feallale ” characteristics.Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist (神经科学家),said the study is animporta nt additi on to a grow ing body of research questi oning( 32) beliefs about gen der and brain fun cti on. But he cauti oned aga in st con clud ing from this study that all brains are the same,( 33) of gender.“ There' s a moun tai n of evide((34) the importa nee of sex in flue nces at alllevels of brain fun ctio n, ” he told The Seattle Times.If anything, he said, the stud(35) that gender plays a very important role in the brain “ eve n whe n we are not clear exactly how. ”Directi ons: In this secti on, you are going to read a passage with ten stateme nts attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more tha n on ce. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. An swer the questi ons by marki ng the corresp onding letter on Answer Sheet 2Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?[A] Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isn' t surprising that you ' ll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.[B] T he most likely type of burglary (入室盗窃) by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2013.The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of a criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesn' t even track those statistics.[C] One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar (入室盗贼) might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they ' ll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns—but what about their wireless equivalent, jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what ' s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?[D] Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they 'nirqeuneottousecuritysystems. Any device that ' s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequencycan be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let ' s say you wanted to “jam” a conversation betweeanll two people —you'd need to do is yell in the listener ' s ear.[E] Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast o—nthat means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need so know what system they ' re looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that ' d point them in the right direction,though at that point, we ' re talking about a highly targe-steodp,hsisetmicai ted attack,and not the sort forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. It ' seasier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.[F] Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks.SimpliSafe,winner of our Editor ' s Choice distinction, utilizes aspecial system that ' s capable of separating incidental RF interference from targetedjamming attacks. When the system thinks it ' s being jammed, it ' ll notify you via push alert(推送警报).From there, it tOyo u pto sound the alarm manu ally.[G] SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete witha video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measures to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that it possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafe 's anti-jamming system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system 's event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not in detected them.[H] We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn 't be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around it. Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn a universal 't be magic formula for cracking it. Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing theirown jam protection software and claiming that there aren ' tc a sneysd o fcumented successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.[I] Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the right know-how, it 's possible to jam any wireless mtraisnssion. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?[J] Let 's imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup thatoffers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically. Then, he 's going to need to know the technical details of yoursystem and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and wheil you 're away. So the thief will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window. He 'll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window or openeddoor would normally release the alarm. So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he ' s inside and searching for things to steal. However, he ' ll need to do so without trippin-jgamthme ianngtisystem,the details of which he almost certainly does now have access to.[K] A t the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They 're also only a single layer in what should ideally be -asimdeadny approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.36. It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipment and skill.37. Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering with a conversation.38. A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggeringthe alarm, both inside and outside the house.39. SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radio interference from targetedjamming attacks.40. Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.41. It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.42. Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once something wrong isdetected.43. Different measures should be taken to protect one ' s home from burglary inaddition to the wireless security system.44. SimpliSafe ' s device can send a warning to the house owner ' s cellphone.45. Burglars can easily get a security device ' s frequency by Internet search.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA) ,B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As a person who writes about food and drink for a living. I couldn first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because it ' s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for thepost-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn' t believthey did had any impact on the tips they received.So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry' s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn ' t ask you to do drunken math. 46. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?A) He runs a pub that serves excellent beer. t tell you theyou that I like this guy. That use 'B) He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.47. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?A) It sets a bad example for other industries.B) It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.48. Why do many people love tipping according to the author?A) They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.B) They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.C) They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.D) They can have some say in how much their servers earn.49. What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?A) Service quality has little effect on tip size.B) It is in human mature to try to save on tips.C) Tips make it more difficult to please customers.D) Tips benefit the boss rather that the employees.50. What does the author argue for in the passage?A) Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.B) Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.C) Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.D) Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers. Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when thye' re paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India, But doesn 't the extra money in the pockets of those cocuo n tsriuems ers 'mean an equal loss in oil producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, says economic researcher Sara Johnson. “ Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support gover nment spe nding and subsidies 占)for their con sumers. ”But not all oil producers have big reserves, In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oilp-roducing nations can 't afford toimport as much as they used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy.Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasolinesubsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A) The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B) Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C) The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.D) The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.52. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?A) Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B) Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C) Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D) Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other commodities.53. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?A) They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B) They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C) They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D) They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.54. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A) It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B) Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C) It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D) Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.55. Why haven ' t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A) People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B) The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C) Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D) People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30minutes to transtate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国文化中,红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福,在春节和其他喜庆场合,红色到处可见。
2016年公务员考试申论历年真题带解析

1、建设用地使用权抵押合同有效期间,抵押权人有权要求处分抵押建设用地使用权的情形是( )。
A.抵押人占用抵押建设用地使用权的B.设定抵押权的土地发生灭失的C.抵押人宣告破产的D.抵押人被宣告死亡的标准答案: C解析:考察抵押建设用地使用权处分的条件。
发生下列情况时,抵押权人有权要求处分抵押的建设用地使用权:①抵押期限届满,抵押权人未受清偿,抵押人又未能与抵押权人达成延期履行协议的;②抵押人死亡,或者被宣告死亡而无人代为履行到期债务的;或者抵押人的合法继承人、受遗赠人拒绝履行到期债务的;③抵押人在抵押合同期间宣告破产和解散的;④抵押人违反有关规定,擅自处分抵押物的;⑤抵押合同约定的其他情况。
2、建设用地使用权抵押合同有效期间,抵押权人有权要求处分抵押建设用地使用权的情形是( )。
A.抵押人占用抵押建设用地使用权的B.设定抵押权的土地发生灭失的C.抵押人宣告破产的D.抵押人被宣告死亡的标准答案: C解析:考察抵押建设用地使用权处分的条件。
发生下列情况时,抵押权人有权要求处分抵押的建设用地使用权:①抵押期限届满,抵押权人未受清偿,抵押人又未能与抵押权人达成延期履行协议的;②抵押人死亡,或者被宣告死亡而无人代为履行到期债务的;或者抵押人的合法继承人、受遗赠人拒绝履行到期债务的;③抵押人在抵押合同期间宣告破产和解散的;④抵押人违反有关规定,擅自处分抵押物的;⑤抵押合同约定的其他情况。
3、城市郊区的乡村地域向城镇地域转化的过程,称为( )。
A.郊区城镇化B.逆城镇化C.过度城镇化D.再城镇化标准答案: A解析:考察郊区城镇化的概念。
郊区城镇化是指城市郊区的乡村地域向城镇地域转化的过程。
4、在房地产市场营销中常说的“金九银十”现象,描述的是购房者的( )特征。
A.消费能力B.消费动机C.消费行为D.消费结构标准答案: C解析:考察房地产消费行为调研的内容。
房地产消费行为调研就是对消费者购买房地产的模式和习惯的调研。
河北省四级联考真题(附答案)

河北省四级联考真题(附答案)河北省四级联考真题及答案第一部分常识判断1、2009年6月1日,《中华人民共和国食品安全法》正式实施,从此_____取代了沿用几十年的食品卫生许可证。
A 食品安全许可证B 餐饮服务许可证C 餐饮卫生许可证D 餐饮安全许可证2、我国现拥有酒泉、太原、西昌三大航天发射场。
经国务院批准,2009年9月14日,我国第四个航天发射场开始动工建设。
该发射场位于北纬19度,是我国在低纬度滨海地区建设的首个航天发射场,该发射场位于:A 海南B 福建C 浙江D 广西3、公民、法人或者其他组织认为行政机关的____侵犯其合法权益的,可以像人民法院提起行政诉讼。
A 民事侵权行为B 行政指导行为C 行政处分行为D 具体行政行为4、下列有关文学常识的表述,错误的一项是:A 《诗经》是我国最早的一部诗歌总集。
其内容分为风雅颂三类,表现手法有赋比兴三种。
《诗经》是我国现实主义诗歌的源头B 李白的《将进酒》、白居易的《琵琶行》、刘禹锡的《石头城》是唐诗的代表作,柳永的《雨霖铃》、辛弃疾的《永遇乐。
京口北固亭怀古》是宋词的代表作C 徐志摩是新月派的代表作家,其作品《再别康桥》《春风沉醉的晚上》等充分体现了他的创作特点。
D 《等待戈多》是西方荒诞派戏剧的代表作之一,作者萨缪尔贝克特于1969年获得诺贝尔文学奖5、下面的人民币汇率中间价表说明:日期人民币/1美元人民币/1欧元人民币/100日元人民币/1港元人民币/1英镑2009-5-256.82359.55437.21150.8802310.83812010-1-136.82739.88297.47830.8803711.0333A 有利于中国对欧元的出口B 人民币升值C 100美元兑换的人民币减少D 有利于日元区增加对中国的进口6、2010年3月2日,全国政协十一届三次会议在人民大会堂举行新闻发布会,大会发言人赵启正发布新闻并就政协话语权等问题回答了中外记者的提问。
公务员考试申论2016年试题及答案(B类)【4】

公务员考试申论2016年试题及答案(B类)【4】【参考答案】B区质监局依法行政的主要内容有:一是梳理、健全修订各级法律法规等,进行分类,建立依法行政制度体系,加以落实。
二是以标准化方法整合职能体系,厘清工作职权,规范工作程序,明确职权的法律依据等,实现行政审批事项标准化。
三是探索开展柔性执法方式和双轨制执法检查模式,带动企业健康发展。
二、以吴某的遭遇为例,谈谈你对“钓鱼执法”的理解。
(15分)要求:观点明确,语言精练,条理清楚,字数不超过250字。
【参考答案】“钓鱼执法”是指执法机关串通、逼迫他人当诱饵,引诱原本没有违法意图的当事人违法,然后进行执法的行为。
以吴某的遭遇来说,Y派出所某些警察让“黄鹏”做诱饵,吴某为赚外快帮助“黄鹏”套现,结果被事先等候的便衣抓住,遭到警察的勒索。
被逼无奈,吴某只好充当新的诱饵,帮助警察“钓鱼”。
由此可见,“钓鱼执法”本身就是违法行为,它损害了政府公信力和法律的权威性。
因此,各级政府应该对其加大整治力度,坚决杜绝“钓鱼执法”现象的发生,保护群众的合法权益。
三、假如你是城市管理部门的工作人员,请你结合“给定资料6”,针对我国城市管理综合行政执法写一份调查报告。
(25分)要求:语言精练,条理清楚,不要求格式,字数不超过500字。
【参考答案】城市管理是社会管理的一个重要组成部分。
在我国加速城镇化建设的过程中,城市管理综合行政执法应运而生。
它的出现大大提升了城市管理效能,同时也存在一些问题。
为了深入了解我国城市管理综合行政执法现状,我们对其进行了调查摸底,具体情况如下:一、存在问题(一)法律不完善。
只有授权性条款规定、单行法律法规,没有完全明确综合行政执法机关的主体地位及城管机关职能定位。
(二)机构设置以属地管理为主。
各区县分割管理执法;区县政府掌握人、财、物的相关权力,而基层政府缺乏专业执法素养、执法人员及资金。
(三)职责不明确。
执法机关职责划分随意,执法范围过宽,职能不断增加,管理内容庞杂,效率低下;层级地位较低,存在职能交叉,执法独立性不足,无力协调相关部门的行动。
历年河北省公务员考试《申论》真题

河北省公务员考试《申论》真题
申论考试是给了十几段虚假医疗广告的材料,共四道题目:
一、200字概括虚假医疗广告的特征;
二、300字概括虚假医疗广告产生的原因;
三、300字写如何治理医疗广告的建议;
四、以《“名人效应”解析》为题,写一篇1200字的文章。
材料中包括:著名影星唐国强、歌手解小东给北京一所医院作广告,引来众多患者,但却无疗效,引发明星诚信危机;最后一段材料为:赵人卖马花钱让伯乐做做动作,也引来无数的人高价买马,最后以高于先前10倍的价钱成交。
2016年多省公务员联考《申论》真题卷

2016年联考《申论》真题卷(满分:100分;时限:150分钟)一、注意事项1.本题本由给定资料与作答要求两部分组成。
考试时间为150分钟。
其中,阅读给定资料参考时限为40分钟,作答参考时限为110分钟。
满分100分。
2.请在题本、答题卡指定位置上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的姓名和准考证号,并用2B铅笔在准考证号对应的数字上填涂。
3.请用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上指定的区域内作答,超出答题区域的作答无效!4.待监考人员宣布考试开始后,你才可以开始答题。
5.所有题目一律使用现代汉语作答,未按要求作答的,不得分。
6.监考人员宣布考试结束时,考生应立即停止作答,将题本、答题卡和草稿纸都翻过来留在桌上,待监考人员确认数量无误、允许离开后,方可离开。
严禁折叠答题卡!二、给定材料资料1在北京西北部一栋办公楼冷飕飕的地下室里,一群想要成为企业家的人正聚集在计算机屏幕前,注视着他们最新的项目雏形。
而在几公里之外,在一个暖意融融、装修更为豪华的地下演讲厅里,30多名经理和创业者也在讨沦有关新产品和新公司的创意。
这两群人都验证着中国社会对创业热潮日益增长的兴趣。
英语在线教学服务“英语流利说”创始人王某表示:“初创是令人迷恋的新事物。
”“中国的创业精神呈现一种上升趋势。
顶级风投公司正在寻找年轻的创业者——整套生态系统逐步形成。
”据不完全统计,从2013年5月至今中央层面已经出台至少22份相关文件促进创业创新。
各地方政府也纷纷出台政策,简政放权,从财税、金融、保障服务、政策激励等方面支持创新型企业特别是创新型小微企业发展,使各种创新资源向企业集聚,让更多金融产品和服务对接创新需求,用创新的翅膀使中国企业飞向新高度。
2015年10月19日,在全国大众创业万众创新活动周启动仪式上,李克强总理被现场热烈气氛所感染而登台发表即席演讲,称“要为创新创业者站台”。
李克强总理指出,大企业员工和草根创业者通过创新创业都可以成为更多财富的创造者和拥有者。
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2016年河北省公务员考试《申论》真题卷一、注意事项1.本题本由给定资料与作答要求两部分组成。
考试时间为150分钟。
其中,阅读给定资料参考时限为40分钟,作答参考时限为110分钟。
2.请在题本、答题卡指定位置上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的姓名和准考证号,并用2B铅笔在准考证号对应的数字上填涂。
3.请用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上指定的区域内作答,超出答题区域的作答无效!4.待监考人员宣布考试开始后,你才可以开始答题。
5.所有题目一律使用现代汉语作答,未按要求作答的,不得分。
6.监考人员宣布考试结束时,考生应立即停止作答,将题本、答题卡和草稿纸都翻过来留在桌上,待监考人员确认数量无误、允许离开后,方可离开。
严禁折叠答题卡!二、给定资料资料1在北京西北部一栋办公楼冷飕飕的地下室里,一群想要成为企业家的人正聚集在计算机屏幕前,注视着他们最新的项目雏形。
而在几公里之外,在一个暖意融融、装修更为豪华的地下演讲厅里,30多名经理和创业者也在讨论有关新产品和新公司的创意。
这两群人都验证了中国社会对创业热潮日益增长的兴趣。
英语在线教学服务“英语流利说”创始人王某表示:“初创是令人迷恋的新事物,中国的创业精神呈现一种上升趋势。
顶级风投公司正在寻找年轻的创业者——整套生态系统逐步形成。
”据不完全统计,从2013年5月至今,中央层面已经出台至少22份相关文件促进创业创新。
各地方政府也纷纷出台政策,简政放权,从财税、金融、保障服务、政策激励等方面支持创新型企业特别是创新型小微企业发展,使各种创新资源向企业集聚,让更多金融产品和服务对接创新需求,用创新的翅膀使中国企业飞向新高度。
2015年10月19日,在全国大众创业万众创新活动周的启动仪式上,李克强总理被现场热烈的气氛所感染而登台发表即兴演讲,称“要为创新创业者站台”。
李克强总理指出,大企业员工和草根创业者通过创新创业都可以成为更多财富的创造者和拥有者。
这既是收人分配结构调整的重要内容,也促进了社会公平正义。
双创为所有人提供了公平竞争的机会,让有能力的人通过自身奋斗获得上升通道。
资料2近年来,创业一词已经成为大众关注的热点,在众多创业团队里,90后群体以其高学历、年轻、接受新鲜事物快而成为一股不可忽视的重要力量。
前不久,某网站邀请了几位90后创业者,分享自己的创业心得。
1992年出生的小尹已经开了三家公司。
为了弄明白“为什么KTV的歌单十年不变”这个问题,小尹跑遍了N市所有的KTV。
他发现,KTV 的点歌系统更新周期较长,而且每一次更新,硬件和软件都要付钱,点歌系统的硬件公司缺少互联网思维,创新动力不足。
也有人尝试做智能点歌,但所做出的系统,小尹说“不忍直视”。
在小尹看来,社交、娱乐才是这个时代年轻人的刚需。
KTV不再只是一个唱歌的场所,而是一个聚集了年轻人社交、娱乐、聚会等多种需求的地方。
凭着这个想法,他创立了KTV团购APP“一起唱”,把整个N市的KTV硬件系统作了更新。
现在,用“一起唱”的用户,只要提前列出歌单,并同步到APP,进入包房后摇一摇手机,歌单便自动导入了点歌盒子。
除此之外,用这款软件还可约别人来唱歌,还可以把KTV现场旋律进行混音,然后传到云端,分享到社交网站,甚至可以在包房里和朋友一起看世界杯。
小尹说,从物质转到服务、娱乐,是他们这一代人创业和上一代的不同之处,这类创业不需要太高成本,往往一个想法,一份风险投资就可以做起来。
90后正在用一种更新、更年轻的方式去与这个世界相处,创业的可选空间变大了,且较少受到家庭背景、所支付成本和教育程度的限制。
这一观点得到了很多人的认同。
与90后相比,80后从父母那里得到的传承不多,且多有负担,除了养活自己,通常还需考虑如何让父母过得更好。
而很多90后的父母有很强的经济能力和社会人脉,不但不需被养,还能帮到子女。
90后没有后顾之忧,中国第一次出现了“可以干自己想干的事情”的一代人,这代人喷薄而出的创新力,会帮助中国进入一个极具创新力的年代。
也有分析人士认为,很多90后在创业心态上有了改变,他们不像做企业,更像做项目,对于成功的渴望不是很强烈,有时甚至只把这当作一种体验。
某互联网金融公司创始人、CEO小孙觉得,在传统社会,行业与社会规则已经形成,年轻人往往要学习社会中的既成经验,才能进入正轨。
在这种系统里,年轻往往成为一种劣势。
而在现代社会,互联网已经渗透到社会生活的各个部分,与互联网同生共长的年轻人成为互联网原住民,他们可以直接从互联网获取经验,寻找机遇,而对于年长者,年龄反而成了迁移转型的一种包袱。
所以在传统部落中,年长者往往是部落中最有权威的人,而互联网社会中,则会涌现扎克伯格等一系列的创新者。
现代社会不是经验的时代,而是技术与创新的时代。
资料3深圳的创业者乔峤想要做一款智能耳机,他发现,60%的人都会在跑步过程中听歌,并用手机APP记录运动数据。
如果有产品能同时解决跑步人群运动数据记录和听歌的需求,又能通过音乐来实现运动激励,会有很好的市场前景。
乔峤对记者说,他想针对每个人的身体特征,设计和提供有效的音乐服务产品,做到每一个硬件设备都是针对个人定制的。
可是,光有好点子还不行,初始创业的乔峤,面临既缺资金、又缺人才的尴尬,他尝试着用股权众筹的方式来实现自己的创业梦想。
在众筹网上,他发布了自己的股权众筹商业计划书,以出让公司10%股份的方式,融资187万元,最低投资额1万元。
最终,吸引了16名投资者参与。
乔峤告诉记者,这些投资者为他引入了互联网、音乐、体育领域的强大资源,其中,几个最志同道合的投资人干脆直接加入了创业团队。
资料4在北京大学东门外一处不起眼的楼里,有一处名曰“一八九八咖啡馆”的休闲场所。
它成立于2013年10月,虽然看起来很简朴,但成立以来,它每天都在吸引着大批“咖粉”流连忘返,且不少是业界大佬。
它究竟有何魅力?董事长杨勇认为,“在传统的创业中,第一步要找投资人,这就很难,能拿到钱更不容易。
第二步,找完投资人之后,要把产品卖出去,也挺难的,所以每步都是一个坎。
为什么那么多创业公司都死掉,为什么那么多中小企业发展不了?就是因为每一个坎都不容易走过去。
众筹就把这个模式改变了,每个人都是投资人,每个人都是消费者,每个人也是传播者,这种方式的改变,你就发现,做公司容易了。
所以某种意义上消费者就是投资者和生产者。
”杨勇说:“传统的创业特别辛苦,就是因为你老是要求人,或者叫做外部交易。
今天要找一个银行的人,去求管银行的人,给他什么好处帮我办个事情,这叫外部交易。
现在众筹是什么呢?你缺什么就让谁来当股东,你把你未来要求的人全部变成股东了,把原来外部的交易变成内部的合作了,内部合作就非常容易。
200人聚在一起就有很大的能量。
实际上,它真正意义在后面的裂变,每一个项目做完之后,会带出一堆项目出来,原因就是通过众筹找了200个非常靠谱的人,这些人再有非常多的合作机会,所以基本上一个项目出来会带一堆项目。
一八九八咖啡馆实现众筹之后,项目太多了,很大原因就是因为找了一群可以相互信任,相互熟悉,又都不错的人,而这些人本身又是跨界又是组合,非常容易谈成生意。
所以这个裂变的过程,力量会特別巨大。
”浏览股东花名册,200位发起人涵盖了北京大学近30年来不同届别、不同院系、不同专业的毕业生,皆为各领域中的知名人士、企业家、高层管理者。
这些联合创始人所在的行业涉及金融、移动互联网、新能源、新媒体、教育、法律,高科技等多个领域。
杨勇表示,“通过众筹,聚集众多资源。
每天跟像打了鸡血一样,所以创业的生存问题解决了。
这200人股东,可能我把他们伺候好了,每月就会有一两百万收入,这就挺好,公司就能存续下来。
而创新是怎么来的?创新就是因为大家能够很轻松地做自己的事情了,就会主动去创新,每天为了生存去创业的时候,你就不可能去创新。
”资料5“如果你真的想做一件事,全世界都会帮助你”,时下正风靡的众筹让这句话以更直接的方式照进现实。
2014年初,在华南理工大学就读的刘永杰和3个小伙伴萌生了开一间咖啡馆的创业想法。
这时,众筹模式走入了他们的视野,众筹咖啡馆“比逗BEPOATO”的计划也就被列入了日程。
为了考察众筹在校园的可行性,2014年4月,创业团队在华工和华农的校园进行了300份以上的问卷调查,高达70%的参与众筹意愿给予了团队正式启动的信心。
随后,他们以这两所学校的学生为目标群体进行股东招募。
他们的众筹计划是:众筹股东每股1000元,每位最少需出资1000元,最多5000元,享有1至5股的分红权。
经过一个多月的招募,他们共有170多位众筹股东和70多万元的启动资金。
筹得了资金后,下一步就是选址。
经过一段时间的考察,他们在五山地铁站附近租了一间临街的铺位。
170多位众筹股东都竭力宣传这间咖啡馆,不仅自己来消费,也拉朋友来消费,开业两个月以来,咖啡馆的生意也越来越好。
在咖啡馆最显眼的地方,整个墙面挂满了印有比逗LOGO的马克杯,仔细一看,这些马克杯上都刻着名字和编号。
王海向记者介绍,每一个马克杯代表咖啡馆的一位众筹股东。
由于股东数量庞大,不少众筹咖啡馆最后变成了“看上去很美”而实际运营却举步维艰,落得散伙的下场。
为了避免这种情况发生,咖啡馆建立了自己的董事会,由核心运营团队、校园股东、社会股东等7人构成,虽然每个众筹股东都拥有建议权,但最终的决策权是在专业的核心运营团队手中。
“尽管有摩擦,但大家都奉行‘专业的事给专业的人做’的原则,合作很顺利。
”刘永杰说。
为解决学生股东“毕业”带来的流动问题,“比逗BEPOTATO”设置了学生股东毕业的股权流转计划。
对于第一批学生股东,两年之后按贡献度排名,挑选一部分成为永久股东,其余在毕业时需将股份流转给附近高校在校生。
对于之后加入的股东,均需要在毕业时将股份流转给合适的在校大学生。
利用校园优势,比逗将咖啡馆主题定位为“创业交流”。
除了承接许多校园社团活动以外,他们还承办广东天使会等线下交流活动。
通过举办类似的创业交流活动,店铺也获得了更多的创业资源,一些更富有经验的专业团队还能够给予他们诸如薪酬制度设计的指导。
一些兴趣小组也自发找到了比逗,如锤子科技、海星会、微博读书会等等,都在比逗举办了线下活动。
比逗还在进行面向所有众筹股东的APP研发,主要目的是加强股东之间的交流、提高股东活跃度等。
王海举例说,可以将股东对店铺的贡献设置成一个一个的任务,例如来店消费或发布一篇推介文章就能获得“经验值+1”,带朋友来消费就能够获得更多经验值。
王海还举例说,店铺中要增加一幅壁画,以此设置一个任务,那么股东就可以通过APP 来领取这个任务,在股东中找队友一起执行,完成后就获得相应的奖励。
通过这样的任务完成获得的奖励积分,就可以更直观地看到每个股东对咖啡馆的贡献值,今后的分红、股权流转等就有据可依。