雅思英语语法讲义.
雅思英语语法讲义
雅思英语语法材料第一章 谓语动词第一讲 时态一、时态表格（一）一般（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）一般现在过去肯定句式主is/are+…主v原/v单三+…主was/were+…主v-ed+…否定句式主is/are not+…主don’t/doesn’t + v原+…主was/were not…主didn’t + v原…疑问句式Is/Are主+…?Do/Does主+v原？Was/were主…?Did主+v原?意义重复、习惯；状态，客观；频度，次数；列车、航班动作已经完成；描述一系列动作；过去习惯标志性频度副词：always, often,rarely, usually,yesterday; last的时间状语sometimes, seldom;once/twice/three/four+次数；every evening/ dayweek/month/yearnight/week/month season /year; …ago; just now;介词+过去的week/month/season/year/century时态“三字经”：现在时，并不难；表重复，表习惯；表状态，表客观；有频度，有次数；看主语，定单三。
（二）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）进行进行现在过去将来过去将来肯定句式主is/are+v-ing主was/were+v-ing主will/shallbe + v-ing…主would + v原…主was/weregoing to+ v原否定句式主is/arenot +v-ing主was/werenot +v-ing…主won’t be+ v-ing…主Was/Were notgoing to+ v原主wouldn’t+ v原/疑问句式Is/Are主+v-ing…?Was/were主+v-ing…?Will主be +v-ing…？Would主+v原？Was/were主going to+v原？意义说话时正在发生的状态；目前正在进行的工作为过去某一动作提供场景将来进行着的动作；纯粹的将来计划或安排过去谈论将来进行着的动作标志性的时间状语now; at themoment,currently,presently,at present,this weekwhen，while， asby thistimetomorrow…b that time;the next daymonth/year（三）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成完成现在过去将来过去将来肯定句式主has/have+v-ed…主had+v-ed…主willhave+ v-ed…主would have+v-ed…否定句式主has/havenot v-ed…主had not +v-ed…主+won’thave+ v-ed主wouldn’thave+ v-ed…疑问句式Has/Have主+v-ed…?Had主+v-ed…?Will主have+v-ed？Would主have+v-ed…?意义过去动作持续到现在；过去动作影响到现在过去某时之前发生的动作将来某时之前完成的动作过去将来某时之前完成的动作标志性的时间状语for+时间段，since+时间点;Ever, never,just,already,yet; before,till now,when, assoon as, bythe time…,after; nosooner…than…,hardly…when…Before,by+固定时间; in+某段时间Before, by+固定时间; in+某段时间（四）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成进行完成进行现在过去将来过去将来肯定句式主has/havebeen +v-ing…主had been+v-ing…主willhave been+v-ing…主would have+been +v-ing…否定句式主has/havenot been+v-ing…主had notbeen +v-ing…主+won’thave been+v-ing…主wouldn’thave been +v-ing…疑问句式Has/Have主been +v-ing…?Had主been+v-ing…?Will主havebeen + v-ing…？Would主havebeen +v-ing…?意义某种状态或动作持续了多久过去之前某一动作持续的长短或动作本身将来某时之前某个动作或状态存在了多久过去将来某时之前动作或状态存在了多久标志性的时间状语for+时间段，since+时间点for+时间段，since+时间点by the endof…by the endof…二、基本时态演练1.Science still a cure for cancer.a.doesn’t find c.hasn’t foundb.haven’t found d.aren’t finding2.While he a route to the Indies, Columbusdiscovered America.a.searched c.had searched forb.was discovering d.was searching for3.Existing reserves of fossil fuel by 2045.a.have been run out c.is going to be run outb.will have run out d.have run out4.Only by investing heavily in value-added exportsfrom the present trade imbalance.a.the country canemergec.can the country emergeb.the country mightemerged.the country emerged5.Until the 16th century the earth to be flat.a.is believed c.believedb.has been believed d.was believed6.If the temperature of the reactor 500C highermeltdown would have occurred.a.was c.was beingb.had been d.had7.The lecturer said ‘It’s time you theliterature review.’a.began c.should beginb.begin d.are beginning8.After your results you should make anappointment with your tutor.a.youreceivingc.you have receivedb.you wouldhavereceivedd.you received9.You the experiment twice, not once.a.should havecarried outc.haven’t carried outb.shouldn’thave carriedout d.couldn’t have carriedout10.The scientists were prohibited the dangerzone.a.to enter c.enterb.entering d.from entering三、时态改错1. People should act according to what they are believing.2. In general, I think our government spent too much money on space travel.3. These days, more and more people traveling to very distant places for their holidays.4. I am hoping it is not too late to save the environment.5. The female hen laying on average 5 or 6 eggs per week.6. Younger drivers is more likely to be involved in a car accident.7. Most doctors are agreeing that the only way to lose weight is by doing more exercise.第二讲 语态一、被动语态的形式一般进行完成现在主am/is/are+ v-ed…主am/is/are being+v-ed…主 has/have been+v-ed …过去主 was/were+v-ed…主was/were being+v-ed…主had been +v-ed…将来主 will be+v-ed…×主 will have been+v-ed…将来完成主 would be+v-ed…×主 would have been+v-ed…情态动词主can/could/may/might/shall/should/will/would/must/have to/ought to + be + v-ed…不定式…to be +v-ed…; to have been +v-ed二、被动语态使用情景（一）一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式1. I agree with the statement that there should be no government restriction on creative artists who express themselves in the way they do and that they must be given freedom for the same. (IELTS 4, Band 7, p167)2. There is almost everything good in what is given to us through the media world which is made up of artists. (同上)3. In conclusion, I strongly agree with that children should be taught to cooperate rather than compete. (IELTS 5, Band 6, p167)4. It was opened in the year 1863, and it is already 140 years old. (IELTS 5, Band 7, p168)（二）在描述事件和客观事实的时候，被动语态用得更多1. The use of electricity in England is indispensed with. (IELTS 4, Band 6, p164)2. Demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer is illustrated in the graph. (同上)3. The use of average English home is shown in the pie chart. (同上)（三）主语是泛指很多人或者大部分人这个方面1. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 inJapan, by which it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries. (IELTS 5, model answer, p162)2. It can be argued that…It is advised/believed/universally accepted/generally recognized that…It is said/reported/estimated that…（四）当上下文已经说明了动作执行者时：A law was introduced to help protect people in this situation.（五）动作的执行者并不重要时：In the factory, the shoes are cleaned and packed into boxes ready for sale.（六）需要体现动作的执行者时，加by-短语：A lot of waste materials could be recycled by large manufacturers.三、改写1. To enrich vocabulary, we should read more authentic materials.可以改为：2. I am not sure whether all the college graduates can find jobs after graduation.可以改为：4. 用适当的动词形式完成下列句子：（1）My home _____________ (locate) in the western part of the city.（2）These funds can _____________ (give) to the poorer people to help them.（3）We _____________ (not tell) that the rules had changed.（4）Children need to _____________ (teach) the correct way to behave in public.5. 句子改错：（1）The house was sell for over a million dollars.（2）The class has allowed to eat in the staff dining room during the renovations.（3）The potatoes carry along a conveyor belt to a room where they wash and peel.（4）The teacher told to take her class out of the school if the fire bell rang.（5）Smoking don’t allow in any part of the aeroplane.（6）The museum was being renovating when we were there, so we could not visit it.（7）Bus tickets can buy at any newsagents.（8）New employees have instructed not to operate the photocopier until they are trained.6. 把下面的句子改成被动语态，并决定是否需要带by-短语（1）A factory worker checks each box for quality.（2）The government does not permit children under 16 to work.（3）The washing machine is washing your clothes at the moment.（4）A mechanic will repair your car this afternoon.（5）The agent has sold our house at last.（6）Something tore the back of my coat.（7）The employer pay off the staff more for working at the weekend.（8）Burning tires give off highly toxic chemicals.第三讲 虚拟语气请欣赏下列一首诗歌：If you were a teardrop in my eye,For fear of losing you, I would never cry.And if the golden sun should cease to shine its light,Just one smile from you would make my whole world bright.一、虚拟语气基本句型虚拟时间if 从句谓语形式主句谓语形式与现在事实相反did/ were would (should, could, might) do与过去事实相反had done/ hadbeenwould (should, could, might)have done/ been与将来事实相反did/wereto/should + dowould (should, could, might) do1. 与现在事实相反(1) If she were sick, she could stay at home and have a rest today.(2) If you watched more and talked less, we would both enjoy our film.2. 与过去事实相反(1) If they had studied earlier, they would have passed the IELTS.(2) Helen would have graduated with her class if she had been able to meet all the requirements in time.3. 与将来事实相反(1) If it snowed tomorrow, I would go skiing.(2) If it should snow tomorrow, I would go to make a snowman in front of our dormitory.(3) If you were to see your tutor, what would you tell him? 4．错综的虚拟语气(1) If I were you, I wouldn’t have told that to her. （时间错综：从句现在，主句过去）(2) Had I taken my umbrella with me in the morning, I should not be wet now. (时间错综：从句过去，主句现在)5．虚拟语气的倒装可以把条件句中的 if 省略掉，同时把 should, were, had 等助动词提前，构成倒装句。
于君星的雅思英语语法讲义
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eganam od I tuB !tnaruatser eht ni hguone )8( _____________ I taht gniyas syawla si m om yM a sa ereht )6( ________ I dna )5( _________ a nwo yehT .tuo stnerap ym )4( ________osla ?tneduts a uoy )3( _________ ro krow uoy )2( ________ :reweivretnI .2 )1( .__________ reteP :reteP ?eman ruoY :reweivretnI .1 .keew eht gnirud emi t eerf fo tol a )7( ____________ I os ,sgnineve eht ni retiaw
雅思语法讲义
A language is acquired through practice; it is perfected through grammar.-- 语言通过实践获得，通过语法臻进完美。
英语句子成分与词性英语句子的构成成分共分为8种：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语和同位语。
1.主语：是全句述说的对象，一般位于句首，除了在there be 结构、疑问句和倒装句中。
Time and tide wait for no man.We live and learn.The young and the old do not have the same idea about physical exercises.Reading makes a full man.To master a foreign language is necessary.2.谓语：说明主语的情况，永远只能由动词组成。
Life is full of ups and downs.Many hands make light work.Every dog has his day.There are no waves without wind.You can’t control your life, but you can control your attitude towards life.3.宾语：表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词或不及物动词Reading enriches the mind.Nobody can deceive him.The good in school uniforms outweighs the bad.Most weight losers decide to have a vegetarian diet.Teleworkers can avoid wasting their precious working time.4. 表语：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态或特征。
雅思语法课件讲义
语法与听说读写的关系阅读—长难句Leaving aside the philosophical question of whether anyone should have to breathe someone else’s cigarette smoke, the report suggests that the smoke experienced by many people in their daily lives is enough to produce substantial adverse effects on a person’s heart and lungs. (剑3，T1，R）撇开是否任何人都应该有呼吸别人的香烟烟雾中的哲学问题，报告建议，许多人在日常生活中所遇到的烟雾是对一个人的心脏和肺足以产生重大不利影响。
雅思写作评分标准Task Response回答问题Coherence and Cohesion连贯性及一致性Lexical Resource词汇量Grammatical Range and Accuracy语法范围及准确性QUESTION 2What(雅思)(核心)语法语法模块（一）非谓语动词动名词不定式分词（现在分词+过去分词）（二）从句定语从句状语从句名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句表语从句、同位语从句（三）英语的语言特点及结构：强调倒装虚拟语气句子结构-----长难句分析ReviewThe structure of grammar（一）非谓语动词( 3)（二）从句(2)（三）英语语言的特点(2)Warming up-----前言“雅思考试属于英语语言能力测试,侧重考查学生听,说,读,写四项技能.”IELTS test belongs to English language ability test. It focuses on four skills, including listening, speaking, reading and writing.IELTS is a test of English language proficiency, highlighting the four linguistic skills namely liste ning, speaking, reading and writing.☐句子结构一：基本句型二：简单句到复杂句的扩展方法三：其他句型（存在）一，基本句型陈述对象+陈述内容主语+谓语谓语动词决定了一个句子的骨架结构启示：（1）分析复杂句时，先找谓语。
雅思语法班讲义
第一课时冠词一.基础知识记忆.1.单数可数名词绝不能单独使用,其前不是加冠词a/an/the或one’s,就必须将名词的单数形式改为复数形式.2.表泛指意义的复数名词或不可数名词(即物质名词或抽象名词)前面千万不要添加任何冠词.3. 固定短语中有无冠词,要分得清清楚楚,明明白白.二.定冠词的使用.1.世界上独一无二的天体、河流、海洋、湖泊、山川等与地理知识有关的名词前.e.g. the Changjiang Riverthe East Lake / the Pacific Oceanthe Urals.2.形容词same前.3.序数词最高级前面.4.by far前置修饰比较级时.e.g. This book is by far the better than that one.c.f. This book is better by far than that one.This book is even better than that one.5.强调两者之间的比较且作主语、定语时.e.g. The older of the two brothers is my desk-mate.Which is the bigger country, Canada or Australia?Which is bigger, Canada or Australia?6. 表示“越…越…”意义时.e.g. The sooner, the better.7.句型“动作动词+ sb.+介词+the+具体身体部位名词”结构中.e.g. Bob hit John on the head.The gentle light struck the baby in the face.The little boy took the elephant by the nose across the street.8.发明的事物名称前(即invent之后的名词)或濒临灭绝的动物单数名词前.e.g. Bell is generally considered to have invented the telephone.As we all know, the tiger is in danger of dying out.9.介词by后表示“按…计算”与度量衡单位有关的具体表时间、长度、体积、面积等名词前.e.g. Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by time.In England, cloth is sold by the yard instead of by the meter.In England, cloth is sold by length.10.与某些形容词连用表示一类人.e.g. the rich11.乐器名词前.e.g. I like playing the guitar and my sister likes playing the piano.12.由普通名词构成的专有名词前.e.g. The people’s Republic of China and the United States are two great countries.13.方位、方向名词前.e.g. China is in the east of Asia, the largest continent on the earth, and on the west of the Pacific Ocean, the largest ocean in the world.14. 再次指代上文中已提过的名词前.e.g. I bought a pen yesterday. The pen writes well.15.双方心中都知晓、明白的名词前.e.g. Pass me the book, please.16.与表示国家或民族的形容词连用,指代该全国全体人民.e.g. The Chinese love peace.17.用在姓氏复数之前表示全家人或夫妇俩.18. 其后有某种修饰语(如介词短语、定语从句、分词短语或不定式等)的名词前,表示特定的人或物时.e.g. The book on the desk is mine.19.与单数可数名词连用,表类别.e.g. The horse is a useful animal.20.表同位关系的时间、地点、语言名词前.e.g. I began to learn the French language in the University of Wuhan in the month of November of 1999.21.与农历有关的节日名词前(即与festival连用时).e.g. Children are always looking forward to the Spring Festival.22.用在整十的复数形式前表年代.e.g. In the 1870s, when Marx was over fifty, he began to learn Russian.23. 习惯用语中.(高考词汇)e.g. at the age of, at the beginning of, all over the world, all the best, go to the cinema, make the bed, the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the other day, in the end, the moment, take the place of, on the radio, all the same, by the side of, by the way, on the way, in the habit of, in the charge of三. a /an的使用.1.表泛指意义的单数可数名词前或“一类”或“其中的一个”意义时.e.g. A good book can enrich a person.2.表频率,表示“每……” 、“每一……”意义时.e.g. People have three meals a day.3.某些抽象名词表具体意义或被某一形容词修饰了的时候.e.g. It gave me a surprise to meet you here again.As a teacher, he was a failure. However, as a leader, he was a success.Comrade Lei Feng led a miserable life during his childhood.4.有比喻意味或不确切的人名之前表达“一个叫……”意义时.e.g. Li Hao is a living Lei Feng in our class.A Mr. Smith wants to see you.5.当某一动作或情况并未到此结束仍有继续下去的可能性的时候,必须用“a /an+序数词”结构.e.g. Although he has failed six times, he would like to have a try a seventh time.6. 与形容词最高级连用表示“很、非常”.e.g. Yesterday was a happiest day for me, for I’d just won the first prize.7.否定比较级表达最高级意义时,常用借助于不定冠词a/ an. a/ an+比较级e.g. ____ What do you think of the film?____ Oh, I’ve never seen a worse one.____ How do you like Tom?____ I’m afraid that no one in my class has a cleverer brain than he.8.有时表示一次性行为,特别是用在名词化了的动词前.e.g. have / take a look at ; go for a walk; come to an end; come to a stop9.当一日三餐名词(breakfast, lunch, supper, dinner)或其他一些名词如time, life, help, pleasure, world, part等被某一(些)形容词修饰了的时候.e.g. a delicious breakfast / a wonderful dinner/ a great help10.固定短语结构中:have a cold / stomachache, have a match, a great number of, in a word, have a word with, make a promise, in a minute, as a matter of fact, take a seat.【特别注意】英语中,有些名词永远都不会与不定冠词连用.它们是advice, equipment, fun, furniture, information, news, luck, clothing, wealth.四.零冠词.1.表泛指意义的复数名词物质名词,以及介词后的抽象名词前.e.g. Children are often compared to flowers.Books are stairs that help people make progress.2. 复数名词表类别、属性时,不用冠词.e.g. Horses are useful animals.Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind unless they kill them for food.3.由Day构成的与公历有关的节日名词前．e.g. Children’s Day / Teachers’ Day / National Day / May Day4. 表泛指意义的月份、季节、星期、学科、语言、材料等名词前．e.g. on Sunday / in spring / in ink5.球类、棋类名词前.e.g. play football / chess / basketball6. 介词by后接表交通、通讯方式等名词前.e.g. by train /by telephone / by machine7.泛指一日三餐名词前.e.g. After breakfast, we are to visit Mountain Tai and have lunch there.8. 官衔职务名词作表语补语或同位语时.e.g. He is monitor of our class.Lincoln was elected president of the U.S.Dong Li, capital of Dongfanghong II, is a strong-minded man.9.方位副词前.e.g. Japan lies east of China.10. “from…to”结构中重复使用的单数名词,以及“名词+介词+(同样)名词”结构中的名词前都不使用任何冠词.e.g. from area to area / arm in arm / day by day11.man作“人类”讲时.e.g. Man can conquer nature.12. as引导的让步状语从句句型中的单数名词前.e.g. Hero as he is, he is still modest.Child as she is, she knows a lot.13. turn后的单数名词作表语.e.g. She has turned doctor.13.介词by后接表度量衡单位的时间、长度、重量、面积、价钱等总称名词前.e.g. by time / by weight / by area / by length14. 由地名构成的专有名词前.e.g. Wuhan University is in Wuhan.15. 单数可数名词已被物主代词数词指示代词或名词所有格修饰.16.当两个或两个以上的名词用and连接且含有对比的含义或习惯上总是一起使用时.e.g. Father and son attended the meeting together.The two were like teacher and student, though they were the same age.Husband and wife sat together in their home.17.固定短语结构中.come into use / put… into practice / out of question / out of the question/ at present1.The sign reads“ In case of___ fire, break the glass and push________ redbutton.A. ×; aB. ×; theC. the ; theD. a ; a2. Jumping out of _____ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite_____ exciting experience.A. ×; theB. ×; anC. an ; anD. the ; the3.Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _____IQ.A. a highB. a higherC. the higherD. the highest4.The warmth of ____ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ____ wool used.A. × ; ×B. the ; theC. the ; ×D. ×; the5. Most animals have little connection with___ animals of ___ different kind unless they kill them for food.A.the ; aB. ×; aC. × ; theD. the ; theA. 6.Paper money was in___ use in China when Marco Polo visited thecountry in ____ thirteen century.the; B. the ; the C. ×; the D. × ;×7. ---- Have you seen ___ pen? I left it here this morning.---- Is it ______ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a ; theB. the ; theC. the; aD. a; a8. Many people agree that _____ knowledge of English is a must in ______ international trade today.A. a;×B. the ;anC. the ; theD. × ; the9.______ news conference does not always offer______ truthful information.A. / ; /B. The ; /C. A ; theD. A ; /10. Though they are_____ people of different sorts, they always buy dresses of _____ style.A. / ; theB. the ; aC. / ; aD. the ; the11. Dolly ______ sheep, the world’s first cloned animal, was given ____ shot to end her life on Feb.14 because she was suffering from a lung disease common in much older sheep.A. / ; aB. the ; aC. a ; theD. / ;the第二课时名词一名词的分类名词普通名词可数名词个体名词teacher, bus,…..集体名词people，crew…..不可数名词物质名词rice, air, water抽象名词success, friendship专有名词China, Bill Gates, the Great Wall,…二专有名词指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称Eg:Diana; Beijing; Americans;English; May; New Year’s Day注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写三普通名词专有名词以外的名词都是普通名词，指作为个体而存在的人或东西。
雅思语法——第一讲英语基本句子成分和结构
第一讲英语基本句子成分和句子结构一、英语句子成分句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分，主要成分有主语和谓语，次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。
1. 主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：Tom is a good boy. （名词）We often speak English in class. （代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure. （不定式）Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词）The rich should help the poor. （名词化形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it为形式主语，不定式为真实主语）2. 谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：(1) 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
例如：He practices running every morning.(2) 复合谓语：由（情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形）构成。
例如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.We are having a quick breakfast.3. 表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, keep, remain, become, get, grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等）之后。
雅思英语语法讲义.
雅思英语语法材料第一章谓语动词第一讲时态一、时态表格（一）一般（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）现在时，并不难；表重复，表习惯；表状态，表客观；有频度，有次数；看主语，定单三。
（三）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成（四）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成进行二、基本时态演练Listening to the following conversation.(一) Task One: fill in the blanks.1. Interviewer: Your name?Peter: Peter __________. (1)2. Interviewer: ________ (2) you work or _________ (3) you a student?Peter: I’m studying really hard for my exams this month—I’m doing math’s at university—but I also________ (4) my parents out. They own a _________ (5) and I ________ (6) there as a waiter in the evenings, so I ____________ (7) a lot of free time during the week.My mom is always saying that I _____________ (8) enough in the restaurant! But I do manage to find some free time most days.3. Interviewer: Can you look at the _____ (9) and tell me whether you do any of these things and if so, how ____ (10)?Peter: I love music and I’m learning to play the piano. I ______ (11) really early and practice for an hour or so just about every day. I also play the guitar in a band with some other friends. We used to practice together at least _____________ (12) a week but these days we only manager to meet about once __________________ (13).4. Interviewer: What about the next thing on the list? -_________________ (14)?Peter: Well, I used to play them all the time but now I’m too busy studying and I _______ (15) miss them at all.5. Interviewer: Do you use a computer for other things?Peter: I use the Internet just about ________ (16) for my studies. And I also use it to _____________ (17) my friends and my family. My cousin is living in Thailand at the moment and he _______ (18) me regular emails to let me know how much fun he’s having! He’s always visiting exciting places.6. Interviewer: Now, how about _________________ (19)?Peter: Actually, I joined the local football team when I was at school and I still play _______________ (20) provided I can get to training. I much prefer playing football to watch it on TV, though I do ______________ (21) watch a match if there’s a big final or something.7. Interviewer: What about going to watch live matches?Peter: I’d love to be able to afford to go every week because I ____________ (22) my local team, but students don’t ____________ (23) have much money, you know! I can remember the ___________ (24) I went to a live match. Oh, sorry, I can see my friends—I ____________ (25) go now!（二）Task TwoRead through the conversation and find out:1. Present simple sentences:2. Present continuous:3. Past simple sentences:三、时态改错1. People should act according to what they are believing.2. In general, I think our government spent too much money on space travel.3. Nowadays, many people in my country have sent their children to single-sex schools.4. These days, more and more people traveling to very distant places for their holidays.5. I am hoping it is not too late to save the environment.6. The female hen laying on average 5 or 6 eggs per week.7. Younger drivers is more likely to be involved in a car accident.8. Most doctors are agreeing that the only way to lose weight is by doing more exercise.第二讲语态一、被动语态的形式二、被动语态使用情景（一）一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式1. I agree with the statement that there should be no government restriction on creative artists who express themselves in the way they do and that they must be given freedom for the same. (IELTS 4, Band 7, p167)2. There is almost everything good in what is given to us through the media world which is made up of artists. (同上)3. In conclusion, I strongly agree with that children should be taught to cooperate rather than compete. (IELTS 5, Band 6, p167)4. It was opened in the year 1863, and it is already 140 years old. (IELTS 5, Band 7, p168)（二）在描述事件和客观事实的时候，被动语态用得更多1. The use of electricity in England is indispensed with. (IELTS 4, Band 6, p164)2. Demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer is illustrated in the graph. (同上)3. The use of average English home is shown in the pie chart. (同上)（三）主语是泛指很多人或者大部分人这个方面1. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries. (IELTS 5, model answer, p162)2. It can be argued that…It is advised/believed/universally accepted/generally recognized that…It is said/reported/estimated that…（四）当上下文已经说明了动作执行者时：A law was introduced to help protect people in this situation.（五）动作的执行者并不重要时：In the factory, the shoes are cleaned and packed into boxes ready for sale.（六）需要体现动作的执行者时，加by-短语：A lot of waste materials could be recycled by large manufacturers.三、剑指考试1. To enrich vocabulary, we should read more authentic materials.可以改为：（1）（2）（3）2. It is important for nations all over the world to work hard together to control the environmental pollution.可以改为：3. I am not sure whether all the college graduates can find jobs after graduation.可以改为：4. 用适当的动词形式完成下列句子：（1）My home _____________ (locate) in the western part of the city.（2）These funds can _____________ (give) to the poorer people to help them.（3）We _____________ (not tell) that the rules had changed.（4）Children need to _____________ (teach) the correct way to behave in public.5. 句子改错：（1）The house was sell for over a million dollars.（2）The class has allowed to eat in the staff dining room during the renovations.（3）The potatoes carry along a conveyor belt to a room where they wash and peel. （4）The teacher told to take her class out of the school if the fire bell rang.（5）Smoking don’t allow in any part of the aeroplane.（6）The museum was being renovating when we were there, so we could not visit it. （7）Bus tickets can buy at any newsagents.（8）New employees have instructed not to operate the photocopier until they are trained.6. 把下面的句子改成被动语态，并决定是否需要带by-短语（1）A factory worker checks each box for quality.（2）The government does not permit children under 16 to work.（3）The washing machine is washing your clothes at the moment.（4）A mechanic will repair your car this afternoon.（5）The agent has sold our house at last.（6）Something tore the back of my coat.（7）The employer pay off the staff more for working at the weekend.（8）Burning tires give off highly toxic chemicals.第三讲虚拟语气请欣赏下列一首诗歌：If you were a teardrop in my eye,For fear of losing you, I would never cry.And if the golden sun should cease to shine its light,Just one smile from you would make my whole world bright.一、虚拟语气基本句型1. 与现在事实相反(1) If she were sick, she could stay at home and have a rest today.(2) If you watched more and talked less, we would both enjoy our film.2. 与过去事实相反(1) If they had studied earlier, they would have passed the IELTS.(2) Helen would have graduated with her class if she had been able to meet all the requirements in time.3. 与将来事实相反(1) If it snowed tomorrow, I would go skiing.(2) If it should snow tomorrow, I would go to make a snowman in front of our dormitory.(3) If you were to see your tutor, what would you tell him?4．错综的虚拟语气(1) If I were you, I wouldn’t have told that to her. （时间错综：从句现在，主句过去）(2) Had I taken my umbrella with me in the morning, I should not be wet now. (时间错综：从句过去，主句现在)5．虚拟语气的倒装可以把条件句中的if 省略掉，同时把should, were, had 等助动词提前，构成倒装句。
最新雅思英语语法讲义
雅思英语语法材料第一章谓语动词第一讲时态一、时态表格（一）一般（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）时态“三字经”：现在时，并不难；表重复，表习惯；表状态，表客观；有频度，有次数；看主语，定单三。
（二）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）进行（三）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成（四）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成进行二、基本时态演练1. Science still a cure for cancer.a . doesn’t find c.hasn’t foundb . haven’t found d.aren’t finding2. While he a route to the Indies, Columbus discoveredAmerica.a . searched c.had searched forb . was discovering d.was searching for3. Existing reserves of fossil fuel by 2045.a . have been run out c.is going to be run outb . will have run out d.have run out4. Only by investing heavily in value-added exports fromthe present trade imbalance.a . the country can emerge c.can the country emergeb . the country might emerge d.the country emerged5. Until the 16th century the earth to be flat.a . is believed c.believedb . has been believed d.was believed6. If the temperature of the reactor 500C higher meltdownwould have occurred.a . was c.was beingb . had been d.had7. The lecturer said ‘It’s time you the literaturereview.’a . began c.should beginb . begin d.are beginning8. After your results you should make an appointment withyour tutor.a . you receiving c.you have receivedb . you would have received d.you received9. You the experiment twice, not once.a . should have carried out c.haven’t carried outb . shouldn’t have carried out d.couldn’t have carried out10The scientists were prohibited the danger zone..a . to enter c.enterb . entering d.from entering三、时态改错1. People should act according to what they are believing.2. In general, I think our government spent too much money on space travel.3. These days, more and more people traveling to very distant places for their holidays.4. I am hoping it is not too late to save the environment.5. The female hen laying on average 5 or 6 eggs per week.6. Younger drivers is more likely to be involved in a car accident.7. Most doctors are agreeing that the only way to lose weight is by doing more exercise.第二讲语态一、被动语态的形式二、被动语态使用情景（一）一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式1. I agree with the statement that there should be no government restriction on creative artists who express themselves in the way they do and that they must be given freedom for the same. (IELTS 4, Band 7, p167)2. There is almost everything good in what is given to us through the media world which is made up of artists. (同上)3. In conclusion, I strongly agree with that children should be taught to cooperate rather than compete. (IELTS 5, Band 6, p167)4. It was opened in the year 1863, and it is already 140 years old.(IELTS 5, Band 7, p168)（二）在描述事件和客观事实的时候，被动语态用得更多1. The use of electricity in England is indispensed with. (IELTS 4, Band 6, p164)2. Demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer is illustrated in the graph. (同上)3. The use of average English home is shown in the pie chart. (同上)（三）主语是泛指很多人或者大部分人这个方面1. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries. (IELTS 5, model answer, p162)2. It can be argued that…It is advised/believed/universally accepted/generally recognized that…It is said/reported/estimated that…（四）当上下文已经说明了动作执行者时：A law was introduced to help protect people in this situation.（五）动作的执行者并不重要时：In the factory, the shoes are cleaned and packed into boxes ready forsale.（六）需要体现动作的执行者时，加by-短语：A lot of waste materials could be recycled by large manufacturers.三、改写1. To enrich vocabulary, we should read more authentic materials.可以改为：2. I am not sure whether all the college graduates can find jobs after graduation.可以改为：4. 用适当的动词形式完成下列句子：（1）My home _____________ (locate) in the western part of the city. （2）These funds can _____________ (give) to the poorer people to help them.（3）We _____________ (not tell) that the rules had changed.（4）Children need to _____________ (teach) the correct way to behave in public.5. 句子改错：（1）The house was sell for over a million dollars.（2）The class has allowed to eat in the staff dining room during therenovations.（3）The potatoes carry along a conveyor belt to a room where they wash and peel.（4）The teacher told to take her class out of the school if the fire bell rang.（5）Smoking don’t allow in any part of the aeroplane.（6）The museum was being renovating when we were there, so we could not visit it.（7）Bus tickets can buy at any newsagents.（8）New employees have instructed not to operate the photocopier until they are trained.6. 把下面的句子改成被动语态，并决定是否需要带by-短语（1）A factory worker checks each box for quality.（2）The government does not permit children under 16 to work.（3）The washing machine is washing your clothes at the moment.（4）A mechanic will repair your car this afternoon.（5）The agent has sold our house at last.（6）Something tore the back of my coat.（7）The employer pay off the staff more for working at the weekend. （8）Burning tires give off highly toxic chemicals.第三讲虚拟语气请欣赏下列一首诗歌：If you were a teardrop in my eye,For fear of losing you, I would never cry.And if the golden sun should cease to shine its light,Just one smile from you would make my whole world bright.一、虚拟语气基本句型1. 与现在事实相反(1) If she were sick, she could stay at home and have a rest today.(2) If you watched more and talked less, we would both enjoy our film.2. 与过去事实相反(1) If they had studied earlier, they would have passed the IELTS.(2) Helen would have graduated with her class if she had been able to meet all the requirements in time.3. 与将来事实相反(1) If it snowed tomorrow, I would go skiing.(2) If it should snow tomorrow, I would go to make a snowman in front of our dormitory.(3) If you were to see your tutor, what would you tell him?4．错综的虚拟语气(1) If I were you, I wouldn’t have told that to her. （时间错综：从句现在，主句过去）(2) Had I taken my umbrella with me in the morning, I should not be wet now. (时间错综：从句过去，主句现在)5．虚拟语气的倒装可以把条件句中的 if 省略掉，同时把 should, were, had 等助动词提前，构成倒装句。
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雅思英语语法材料第一章谓语动词第一讲时态一、时态表格（一）一般（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）现在时，并不难；表重复，表习惯；表状态，表客观；有频度，有次数；看主语，定单三。
（三）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成进行（四）二、基本时态演练Listening to the following conversation.(一) Task One: fill in the blanks.1. Interviewer: Your name?Peter: Peter __________. (1)2. Interviewer: ________ (2) you work or _________ (3) you a student?Peter: I’m studying really hard for my exams this month—I’m doing math’s at university—but I also________ (4) my parents out. They own a _________ (5) and I ________ (6) there as a waiter in the evenings, so I ____________ (7) a lot of free time during the week.My mom is always saying that I _____________ (8) enough in the restaurant! But I do manage to find some free time most days.3. Interviewer: Can you look at the _____ (9) and tell me whether you do any of these things and if so, how ____ (10)?Peter: I love music and I’m learning to play the piano. I ______ (11) really early and practice for an hour or so just about every day. I also play the guitar in a band with some other friends. We used to practice together at least _____________ (12) a week but these days we only manager to meet about once __________________ (13).4. Interviewer: What about the next thing on the list? -_________________ (14)?Peter: Well, I used to play them all the time but now I’m too busy studying and I _______ (15) miss them at all.5. Interviewer: Do you use a computer for other things?Peter: I use the Internet just about ________ (16) for my studies. And I also use it to _____________ (17) my friends and my family. My cousin is living in Thailand at the moment and he _______ (18) me regular emails to let me know how much fun he’s having! He’s always visiting exciting places.6. Interviewer: Now, how about _________________ (19)?Peter: Actually, I joined the local football team when I was at school and I still play _______________ (20) provided I can get to training. I much prefer playing football to watch it on TV, though I do ______________ (21) watch a match if there’s a big final or something.7. Interviewer: What about going to watch live matches?Peter: I’d love to be able to afford to go every week because I ____________ (22) my local team, but students don’t ____________ (23) have much money, you know! I can remember the ___________ (24) I went to a live match. Oh, sorry, I can see my friends—I ____________ (25)go now!（二）Task TwoRead through the conversation and find out:1. Present simple sentences:2. Present continuous:3. Past simple sentences:三、时态改错1. People should act according to what they are believing.2. In general, I think our government spent too much money on space travel.3. Nowadays, many people in my country have sent their children to single-sex schools.4. These days, more and more people traveling to very distant places for their holidays.5. I am hoping it is not too late to save the environment.6. The female hen laying on average 5 or 6 eggs per week.7. Younger drivers is more likely to be involved in a car accident.8. Most doctors are agreeing that the only way to lose weight is by doing more exercise.第二讲语态一、被动语态的形式二、被动语态使用情景（一）一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式1. I agree with the statement that there should be no government restriction on creative artists who express themselves in the way they do and that they must be given freedom for the same. (IELTS 4, Band 7, p167)2. There is almost everything good in what is given to us through the media world which is made up of artists. (同上)3. In conclusion, I strongly agree with that children should be taught to cooperate rather than compete. (IELTS 5, Band 6, p167)4. It was opened in the year 1863, and it is already 140 years old. (IELTS 5, Band 7, p168)（二）在描述事件和客观事实的时候，被动语态用得更多1. The use of electricity in England is indispensed with. (IELTS 4, Band 6, p164)2. Demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer is illustrated in the graph. (同上)3. The use of average English home is shown in the pie chart. (同上)（三）主语是泛指很多人或者大部分人这个方面1. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which it is thought thatthe proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries. (IELTS 5, model answer, p162)2. It can be argued that…It is advised/believed/universally accepted/generally recognized that…It is said/reported/estimated that…（四）当上下文已经说明了动作执行者时：A law was introduced to help protect people in this situation.（五）动作的执行者并不重要时：In the factory, the shoes are cleaned and packed into boxes ready for sale.（六）需要体现动作的执行者时，加by-短语：A lot of waste materials could be recycled by large manufacturers.三、剑指考试1. To enrich vocabulary, we should read more authentic materials.可以改为：（1）（2）（3）2. It is important for nations all over the world to work hard together to control the environmental pollution.可以改为：3. I am not sure whether all the college graduates can find jobs after graduation.可以改为：4. 用适当的动词形式完成下列句子：（1）My home _____________ (locate) in the western part of the city.（2）These funds can _____________ (give) to the poorer people to help them.（3）We _____________ (not tell) that the rules had changed.（4）Children need to _____________ (teach) the correct way to behave in public.5. 句子改错：（1）The house was sell for over a million dollars.（2）The class has allowed to eat in the staff dining room during the renovations.（3）The potatoes carry along a conveyor belt to a room where they wash and peel. （4）The teacher told to take her class out of the school if the fire bell rang.（5）Smoking don’t allow in any part of the aeroplane.（6）The museum was being renovating when we were there, so we could not visit it. （7）Bus tickets can buy at any newsagents.（8）New employees have instructed not to operate the photocopier until they are trained.6. 把下面的句子改成被动语态，并决定是否需要带by-短语（1）A factory worker checks each box for quality.（2）The government does not permit children under 16 to work.（3）The washing machine is washing your clothes at the moment.（4）A mechanic will repair your car this afternoon.（5）The agent has sold our house at last.（6）Something tore the back of my coat.（7）The employer pay off the staff more for working at the weekend.（8）Burning tires give off highly toxic chemicals.第三讲虚拟语气请欣赏下列一首诗歌：If you were a teardrop in my eye,For fear of losing you, I would never cry.And if the golden sun should cease to shine its light,Just one smile from you would make my whole world bright.一、虚拟语气基本句型1. 与现在事实相反(1) If she were sick, she could stay at home and have a rest today.(2) If you watched more and talked less, we would both enjoy our film.2. 与过去事实相反(1) If they had studied earlier, they would have passed the IELTS.(2) Helen would have graduated with her class if she had been able to meet all the requirements in time.3. 与将来事实相反(1) If it snowed tomorrow, I would go skiing.(2) If it should snow tomorrow, I would go to make a snowman in front of our dormitory.(3) If you were to see your tutor, what would you tell him?4．错综的虚拟语气(1) If I were you, I wouldn’t have told that to her. （时间错综：从句现在，主句过去）(2) Had I taken my umbrella with me in the morning, I should not be wet now. (时间错综：从句过去，主句现在)5．虚拟语气的倒装可以把条件句中的if 省略掉，同时把should, were, had 等助动词提前，构成倒装句。