八年级上册综合测试题
八年级物理上册全册全套试卷综合测试卷(word含答案)
八年级物理上册全册全套试卷综合测试卷（word含答案）一、初二物理声现象实验易错压轴题（难）1．同学们围绕着水瓶发声的有关问题进行了以下探究。
（提出问题）敲瓶（瓶内含水）时发出的声音主要是由什么振动产生的？（猜想与假设）A．瓶子振动；B．瓶内水振动；C．瓶内空气柱振动（进行实验）（1）将瓶子装满水后用筷子敲击瓶子，瓶子仍能发出声音，故可以将猜想________排除。
（2）将瓶内水全部倒出后用筷子敲击瓶子，瓶子仍能发出声音，故可以将猜想________排除。
（得出结论）由上述实验分析可知，敲瓶发声，主要是由________振动产生的。
（提出新的问题）（1）瓶子发声的音调跟瓶内水的多少有什么关系？（2）随着瓶内水的增多，敲瓶发声的音调变化和吹瓶发声的音调变化又有何不同呢？（设计实验）（1）如图甲所示，先将8个空的玻璃瓶子放到桌子上一字摆开，再向瓶内注入不等量的水，从左到右，瓶内注入的水逐渐增多，最后用筷子从左到右依次敲击瓶口，同时用耳朵仔细听，辨别音调的高低。
（2）用嘴从左到右依次吹瓶口，同时用耳朵仔细听，辨别音调的高低。
（再得出结论）（1）敲瓶发声的音调随着瓶内水的增多而变______（选填高或低）。
（2）吹瓶发声的音调随着瓶内水的增多而变______（选填高或低）。
（拓展应用）如图乙所示. 用嘴分别对着5个高度不同的小瓶的瓶口吹气，发现瓶子越高，发出声音的音调越低。
（1）用嘴对着5个小瓶的瓶口吹气，5个小瓶均发出声音，则发出的声音是由________的振动产生的。
（2）5个小瓶产生的声音音调不同，其原因是________________。
【答案】C B瓶子低高瓶内空气柱空气柱的长短、粗细不同，导致空气柱振动的频率不同【解析】【分析】【详解】[1]将瓶子装满水后,瓶内没有空气，用筷子敲击瓶子，瓶子仍能发出声音，说明敲瓶时发出的声音不是由空气柱的振动产生的。
所以可以将猜想C排除。
[2]将瓶内水全部倒出后，瓶内没有水，用筷子敲击瓶子，瓶子仍能发出声音，说明敲瓶时发出的声音不是由瓶内水振动产生的。
人教版八年级英语上册Unit 4 综合测试卷含答案
人教版八年级英语上册Unit 4 综合测试卷限时: 60分钟满分: 100分一、单项选择(每小题1 分, 共10 分)1. —I bought a skirt for ________. I hope you like ________.—Thank you, Mom. I can’t wait to try it on.A. you; oneB. you; itC. me; oneD. me, it2. —Wang Lin did ________ in the final exam this term again.—That’s not strange. He always gets full marks in all of his subjects.A. worstB. worseC. bestD. better3. Emma loves animals and looks after her pet dog ________ than her friends.A. carefullyB. more carefullyC. the most carefullyD. most carefully4. —What’s the best movie theater in town?—Sun Cinema. You can sit the most ________ there.A. widelyB. quietlyC. cheaplyD. comfortably5. All these talent shows have one thing ________ common.A. onB. inC. atD. for6. In the football match of yesterday, the boy played an important ________ inwinning the first prize.A. roleB. placeC. workD. time7. —Gina is smart and she always has new ideas.—Yes. She’s really ________.A. creativeB. friendlyC. lovelyD. outgoing8. Can you ________ a new story according to the picture?A. put upB. make upC. look upD. use up9. —Did you enjoy yourself watching the film last night?—It couldn’t be ________. I almost fell asleep.A. betterB. bestC. worseD. worst10. I think the girl is very ________, and she dances ________ of all.A. beautiful; more beautifullyB. beautifully; the most beautifulC. beautiful; the most beautifullyD. beautifully; more beautiful二、完形填空(每小题1. 5 分, 共15 分)Everyone is good at something, for example, singing, dancing or playing instruments(乐器) . Amy and Danny are my good friends. Amy sings the best ________11 us. She entered lots of singing competitions and won many ________12. Danny has talent for playing the piano. His mom ________13 him a piano as a gift on his eighth birthday, and then he started to play it. What about me? I’m good at ________14.There is a talent show in our school every year. It is a ________15 event(大事件) , and almost everybody takes part in it. It’s up to the teachers and students to ________16 who sings the best or plays the piano the most beautifully. Last year, Amy and Danny ________17 the show, but I didn’t, ________18 I thought no one would go to a talent show to watch a kid draw a picture.________19of them practiced hard before the show. Amy won second prize. Danny didn’t win a prize, but he was ________20very happy. “The most important thing is that I tried my best to do it, ”he said.11. A. of B. as C. into D. for12. A. screens B. programs C. tickets D. prizes13. A. tried B. broke C. gave D. chose14. A. dancing B. acting C. drawing D. writing15. A. fresh B. great C. poor D. similar16. A. worry B. follow C. reach D. decide17. A. answered B. watched C. joined D. touched18. A. because B. so C. though D. if19. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. Other20. A. almost B. still C. ever D. either三、阅读理解(每小题3 分, 共15 分)Who can jump the highest at your school? Who has the most skips(跳) over a rope(绳) ? Who’s the fastest at solving a Rubik’s Cube?Everyone can be the best at something. Recently, Beijing 101 Middle School held an activity called “Guinness Campus” to help students find their potential(潜力) .“There are all kinds of projects(项目) you can take part in and all kinds of records for you to set, ”said ninth-grader Liu Tongyan. “I chose‘Domino(多米诺骨牌) Tower’ because I have the most confidence (信心) in this. ”Students needed to build a tower using dominoes. Whoever built the tallest tower in one minute won. Liu set the record with 33 levels. “At first I didn’t do it well, but after learning from other people and trying over and over again, I found some ways to do it faster, ”she said. “The game req uires(要求) you to be calm and patient. If you lose your temper(脾气) when the tower falls, you may lose the chance to win. ”Seventh-grader Wang Siqi set a football juggling record with one foot. He did it for 4 minutes and 34 seconds. “I started to play soccer at 5, so I can do it well, ”said Wang.21. Why did Beijing 101 Middle School hold Guinness Campus ？A. To help students find their potential.B. To make students know their hobbies.C. To help students study better.D. To make students find the ways to study.22. If a student wanted to win, he should finish building the tallest tower in ________.A. five minutesB. three minutesC. two minutesD. one minute23. When did Wang Siqi start to play soccer?A. When he was 7 years old.B. When he was 6 years old.C. When he was 5 years old.D. When he was 4 years old.24. The underlined word “patient”means “________”.A. 生气的B. 有耐心的C. 快的D. 干净的25. Where can people find the passage from a newspaper?A. News.B. Health.C. Culture.D. History.四、词汇运用(每小题1 分, 共10 分)A) 根据句意及汉语提示写单词26. I got two ________ (奖品) in the school sports meet.27. The old man feels happy every day although he lives a ________ (贫穷的) life.28. Last year my father ________ (给) me a dictionary as my birthday gift.29. Can I ask for the ________ (菜单) ? I want to eat something special.30. —Who was the ________ (获胜者) of the tennis game?—Maria. She got the highest score.B) 根据汉语意思完成英语句子, 每空一词。
外研版八年级英语上册Module 4 综合测试卷含答案
外研版八年级英语上册Module 4 综合测试卷(60分钟100分)一、单项选择(每小题1.5 分, 共15 分)1. Susan’s jeans are the same _________ Anna’s but different _________ Lisa’s.A. as; asB. as; likeC. as; fromD. like; as2. I went to school as early as I could this morning. _________, I was late.A. HoweverB. ThereforeC. BesidesD. Finally3. He didn’t go to the party not _________ the time but _________ he was ill.A. because of; becauseB. because; becauseC. because; because ofD. because of; because of4. [2024 上海浦东区期中改编] —Wow, your sweater is very beautiful! How muchis it?—Thank you. It _________ me 30 dollars.A. spentB. paidC. costD. took5. Helen does well in her schoolwork. She studies hard _________.A. at timesB. all the timeC. on timeD. in time6. —How about going to the city park this Sunday?—It’s very _________ on the weekend. Let’s stay at home.A. safeB. quietC. cheapD. crowded7. Everyone is in the music hall _________ Lily. She is reading in the library.A. butB. exceptC. withD. besides8. I feel a bit tired. _________, I can hold on.A. AsB. ThoughC. WhileD. However9. Making robots is one of _________ activities among students. Each of them has hisown robot.A. more popularB. the most popularC. more difficultD. the most difficult10. —I will go to Hong Kong Disneyland with my parents tomorrow.—_________!A. My pleasureB. Have a nice tripC. All rightD. Congratulations二、完形填空(每小题1.5 分, 共15 分)Roby Burch, 16, a US student, gets to school a little 11 —he goes by horse.Burch has been riding his horse 4 miles to and 12 school since the beginning of this semester (学期) . “Every morning, wearing my blue jacket and jeans, I’m on my way at 6 am,” Burch says. “The streets are mostly13 at this time of morning. It’s a nice way to start the day.”The idea was his 14 . His family were enjoying their vacation on their farm this summer. “My dad just said, ‘Burch, you15 ride your horse to school every day,’” says Burch.Burch asked for yes from the headmaster(校长), Joe Cox, and he got the green light. Cox even 16 Burch to keep the horse next to the headmaster’s house. Then his dad helped Burch find the best route (路线) to school. It is along back streets and has 17 cars than the others.Now as the days grow 18 and colder, he continues to ride his horse. “I will ride my horse even in the coldest weather,” he says.Burch says the first time he sat on a horse, he was afraid. 19 now, “It’s what I do best. I love riding horses more than 20 else,”he says. “It’s really a great thing.”11. A. mainly B. correctly C. differently D. quickly12. A. for B. from C. on D. after13. A. empty B. crowded C. busy D. noisy14. A. sister’s B. brother’s C. mum’s D. dad’s15. A. will B. won’t C. should D. shouldn’t16. A. invited B. allowed C. taught D. kept17. A. fewer B. few C. more D. many18. A. short B. long C. shorter D. longer19. A. So B. Or C. And D. But20. A. anything B. nothing C. everybody D. somebody三、阅读理解(每小题2 分, 共20 分)A [2024 广东珠海期中]By 2050, nearly 70% of the world’s population will live in cities. Many of the cities will become large ones with a population of more than 10 million. Moving people around each large city will be difficult. The traffic speed(速度) in London will fall to about 7 miles per hour. Around the same speed it was 150 years ago, in the days of the horse and cart. But city planners are working on ways to solve the problem.robot taxisbuses21. Most of the people will live _________ by 2050.A. in the big citiesB. in the small citiesC. in LondonD. in the villages22. _________ are working on ways to solve the traffic problem.A. Moving peopleB. People in XiamenC. People in the streetsD. City planners23. _________ ways of transport will help the traffic in the future according to thepassage.A. TwoB. ThreeC. FourD. Five24. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. The traffic speed in London will be slow because of the big population.B. There will be robot taxis driven by people by 2040.C. Buses can make the way by themselves in the future.D. Roads for bikes will be high above the city streets.25. Where can we see this article?A. In a storybook.B. In a magazine.C. In a report.D. In a novel.BAmericans with small families own a small car or a large one. If both parents are working, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van (面包车).A small car can hold four people and a large car can hold six people but it is very crowded. A van can hold seven people easily, so a family with three children could ask their grandparents to go for a holiday travel.Mr Hagen and his wife had a third child last year. This made them sell the second car and buy a van. Their sixth and seventh children’s seats are used to put other things,for a family of five must carry many suitcases (行李箱) when they travel.When they arrive at their grandparents’ home, the suitcases are taken away and the two seats can then carry the grandparents.Americans call vans motor homes. When a family are travelling to the mountains or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life when they are travelling together. That is why motor homes have become very popular.26. A motor home is usually owned by a family with _________.A. a babyB. much moneyC. more than two childrenD. interest in vans27. Americans usually use motor homes _________.A. to travel with all the family members on holidayB. to do some shopping with all the family membersC. to visit their grandparents at weekendsD. to drive their children to school every day28. Before Mr Hagen and his wife bought a van, they _________.A. sold their old houseB. moved to their grandparents’ houseC. built a new place for a vanD. sold their second car29. From the passage, a van is also called _________.A. a motor carB. a motor homeC. a motorbikeD. a big truck30. Motor homes have become popular because _________.A. they can take people to another city when people are freeB. they can let families have a happier life when they go out for their holidaysC. some people think motor homes are cheapD. big families can put more things in motor homes四、词汇运用(每小题2 分, 共20 分)A) 根据句意及汉语提示填写单词。
人教版八年级物理上册 第六章综合能力测试题
第六章综合能力测试题(时间：90分钟满分：100分)一、选择题(每小题3分，共36分)1．(2020·常德)以下估测值中，最符合实际的是(A)A．一个苹果的质量约为150 gB．中学生课桌的高度约为1.5 mC．人体体温的变化范围约为0～42 ℃D．人体的密度约为8×103 kg/m32．一杯水，喝掉一半，剩余的半杯水(D)A．因为质量减半，所以密度减半B．因为体积减半，所以密度减半C．它的质量、体积、密度都减半D．虽然质量和体积减半，但密度不变3．我国研制的“全碳气凝胶”是目前世界上密度最小的固态材料，其密度仅为0.16 kg/m3，则(B)A．该材料体积越大，密度越大B．1 m3的该材料质量为0.16 kgC．该材料制成的物品带到太空，质量减小D．该材料适合做打桩用的重锤4．(2020·成都)下列测量方案中，最合理的是(B)A．测小铁块密度：用装有适量水的量筒测体积后，再用天平测质量B．测正方体小木块密度：用天平测质量后，再用刻度尺测边长并计算体积C．测小砖块密度：用天平测质量后，再用装有适量水的量筒测体积D．测比赛用铅球密度：用天平测质量后，再用装有适量水的量筒测体积5．小明同学用托盘天平测一圆柱体铁块的质量，天平平衡时，他用了50 g、20 g、5 g 砝码各一个，游码位置如图所示。
测量完毕后才发现错误地将物体放在了右盘，而将砝码放在了左盘，则该圆柱体铁块的质量为(A)A．73.0 g A．77.0 g A．77.5 g A．72.5 g6．要比较几堆稻谷质量好坏(这里“质量好”是指稻谷中空瘪的颗粒数较少，饱满的颗粒数较多)，下列方法中不可行的是(C)A．体积相同，比较质量B．质量相同，比较体积C．比较颗粒的大小D．比较一定颗粒数的质量7．甲、乙两种物质的mV图象如图所示，分析图象可知(D)A.甲的密度比水的密度小B．若甲、乙的体积相等，则甲的质量较小C．甲、乙两物质的密度之比为1∶8D．质量为20 g的乙物质的体积为20 cm38．学习质量和密度的知识后，小柯同学想用天平、烧杯、量筒和水完成下列实验课题：①测量牛奶的密度；②鉴别看上去像是纯金的戒指；③鉴别铜球是空心的还是实心的；④称出一堆大头针质量。
外研版八年级英语上册期末综合测试卷含答案
外研版八年级英语上册期末综合测试卷(60分钟100分)第一部分听力(共20分)一、听句子,选择与所听内容相符的应答语, 每个句子读一遍(每小题1分, 共5分)1. A. Yes, it is. B. It’s cloudy. C. Sounds great.2. A. Thanks. B. You are welcome. C. Not bad!3. A. By bus. B. Cover him with a coat. C. He is fine.4. A. At school. B. No. At 9: 00 pm.C. I was playing games.5. A. Good idea. B. At the gate. C. It’s Saturday.二、听对话, 选择正确答案, 每段对话读两遍(每小题1分, 共5分)6. What’s the temperature?A. It’s minus 12 degrees.B. It’s minus 20 degrees.C. It’s 20 degrees.7. What would the two speakers like to buy?A. Some fruit.B. Some ice cream.C. Some flowers.8. Why will China’s population grow slowly?A. Because families are getting smaller.B. Because families are getting bigger.C. Because families are getting healthier.9. Why is the girl late again?A. Because she gets up late today.B. Because her bike is broken.C. Because the traffic is too bad.10. What’s the matter with Peter?A. He hurt his arm.B. He hurt his knee.C. He hurt his foot.三、听长对话, 选择正确的选项, 每段对话读两遍(每小题1分, 共5分) 听第一段对话, 回答第11、12小题。
人教版八年级英语上册素养综合测试卷(一)(含听力和答案)
人教版八年级英语上册素养综合测试卷（一）考试内容:Unit 1—Unit 10题序一二三四五六七八总分得分一、听力测试（共20小题，计20分）第一节听对话，选择与对话内容相符的图片。
每段对话读两遍。
第二节听短对话，选择正确答案。
每段对话读两遍。
( )6. What did Helen do yesterday evening?A. She visited her grandparents.B. She went to a talk.C. She saw a film.( )7. How will the woman go to work today?A. On foot.B. By car.C. By bus.( )8. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Driver and passenger.B. Teacher and student.C. Mother and son.( )9. Where are the two speakers talking?A. In the lab.B. In the library.C. In the classroom.( )10. How often does John go to the gym?A. Every day.B. Once a week.C. Twice a week.第三节听短文，选择正确答案。
短文读两遍。
( )11. How many good friends does Linda have?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.( )12. How often does Lily go shopping?A.Never.B. Every day.C. About once a week.( )13. What does Nancy often do in her free time?A. She often uses the Internet.B. She often goes shopping.C. She often reads magazines. ( )14. How does Tom go to school every day?A. By bike.B. On foot.C. By subway.( )15. What does Linda often do in her free time?A. She often reads magazines.B. She often plays basketball.C. She often plays soccer.第四节听短文，根据短文内容填表。
人教版八年级英语上册Unit 5 综合测试卷含答案
人教版八年级英语上册Unit 5 综合测试卷(限时：120分钟满分：120分)第一部分听力(共四大题, 满分20 分)I. 短对话理解(共5 小题；每小题1 分，满分5 分)你将听到五段对话, 每段对话后有一个小题。
请在每小题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
每段对话读两遍。
( )1. What kind of TV shows does the boy like?A. B. C.( )2. What does Dave have to do?A. B. C.( )3. How often does the boy’s father tell him about news?A. Every day.B. Sometimes.C. Never.( )4. What does the man think of the movie?A. It’s a happy movie.B. It’s a sad movie.C. He dislikes it.( )5. What kind of program is Bill watching?A. A talk show.B. An action movie.C. A soap opera.II. 长对话理解(共5 小题；每小题1 分，满分5 分)你将听到两段对话, 每段对话后有几个小题。
请在每小题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
每段对话读两遍。
听下面一段对话, 回答第6、7 题。
( )6. What does Emily think of movies about history?A. Educational.B. Enjoyable.C. Exciting.( )7. What kind of movies does the boy like best?A. Sports movies.B. Action movies.C. American movies.听下面一段对话, 回答第8 至10 题。
八年级语文上册第一学期期中综合测试卷(人教河北版 2024年秋)
八年级语文上册第一学期期中综合测试卷（人教河北版2024年秋）第一部分(1~2题14分)1.阅读下面的文字，完成各题。
(共8分)《中国诗词大会》一期期节目，热潮汹涌，“文化自信”四个字更是被深深烙印．．在每个观众的心间。
“赏诗词之美、寻文化之根、铸民族之魂。
”这正是《中国诗词大会》创立的(chūzhōng)，也是节目秉承的理念。
近年来，“中国式浪漫”频频掀起大众热议。
在北京冬奥会和冬残奥会上，“翩若惊鸿，婉若游龙”“山不让尘，川不辞盈”等诗句，又一次拨动了每一个中国人最温柔的心弦．．。
以中国的古典诗词来诠释这一场人类盛会，不但为比赛增添了艺术之美，而且向世界(zhāngxiǎn)了文化自信。
(1)根据文段中的拼音写出相应的词语。
(2分)①(chūzhōng)②(zhāngxiǎn)(2)给文段中加着重号的词语注音。
(2分)①烙印②心弦(3)文段中的“翩”字，使用《现代汉语词典》(第7版)中的部首检字表检索，应先查部，再查画。
(2分)(4)下面是《现代汉语词典》(第7版)中“辞”的三个义项。
文段中“川不辞盈”的“辞”意思是。
(填序号)(2分)①文辞；言辞。
②告别。
③躲避；推托。
2.阅读下面文字，回答后面的问题。
(共6分)传承，是联结往昔和未来的一座桥。
工匠精神，离不开传承。
一辈辈匠人，从手艺生疏到纯熟老练，技艺在手手相传①口口相授中薪火不绝。
“以古人之规矩，开自己之生面”。
传承古法，延续文化根脉②掌握精髓，坚持守正创新。
传承，既是要以艺立身，更是要以德树人。
故宫古钟表修复师王津说③“要是从这代人就开始糊弄，那后代人怎么干呢④抱定一个信念，兢兢业业、孜孜以求，承接前代的真传，就有底气给后世一个交代。
(1)在文中对应序号横线处依次填入标点符号，最适合的一项是(2分)()A.,。
:”。
B.、;:?”C.,;,”。
D.、。
:?”(2)可以替换画横线句子中关联词语而不改变原句意思的一项是(2分)()A.如果⋯⋯就⋯⋯B.不仅……而且……C.要么……要么……D.只有……才……(3)下列说法不正确的一项是(2分)()A.文段中第一句的句子主干是“传承是桥”。
八年级语文上册综合测试题及答案
八年级语文上册综合测试题一．积累与运用（20分）1．下列词语中有两个错别字，请改正后工整抄写在田字格中。
（2分）物竟天择张皇失措销声匿迹名幅其实2．根据语境给加点字注音。
（2分）他俯瞰．（）着大地，想象着人头攒．（）动，人们翘．（）首以待，不禁．（）百感交集。
3．下列句子中加点的成语使用恰当的一项是（）（2分）A、凡是优秀的演员，总能把剧中人物的内心世界演得惟妙惟肖．．．．。
B、农村里有这么个风俗，大庭广众．．．．之下，夫妻俩人不合坐一条板凳。
C、现代社会竞争激烈，找到一份理想的工作是很多人魂牵梦萦．．．．的事。
D、运动会上，他借的一身衣服很不合身，简直是天衣无缝．．．．。
4．选出下列句子中没有语病的一项（）（2分）A、那石板多年前由父亲从山下背来，每块大约三百来斤左右。
B、中学生上网吧，已经引起教育工作者和广大班主任老师的重视。
C、博物馆最近展出了西汉时期新出土的部分文物。
D、“我读经典”系列阅读活动，对改善青少年阅读现状有着重要的意义。
5．请给下面这则消息拟一个合适的标题。
（2分）本报讯(通讯员襄宣)昨日，笔者从相关部门获悉，由香港商报和优酷网联合举办的“2010中国城市印象大赛”近日揭晓，我市荣获“最具历史风韵城市金奖”，是湖北省唯一入选的城市。
“2010中国城市印象大赛”是“2010全球商报经济论坛暨亚太工商界领袖峰会”分项活动之一。
这是国内首例以城市、书画、特色为元素的印象主题活动，通过传统媒体与新媒体结合，民间视点与城市展示相结合，将一座城市的形象立体地展示出来。
活动以媒体、网民和读者的视角，集中展示中国城市尤其是中小城市的特质和风采。
_______________________________________________________________________ 6．名著导读。
（2分）请为《骆驼祥子》拟一个副标题：______________________________，《骆驼祥子》讲述的是一个_________________________的故事。
2024-2025学年北师大版八年级数学上册第一次月考综合测试卷(含答案)
八年级上学期第一次月考综合测试卷时间:100分钟 满分:120分 考试范围：北师大版八年级上册第一章~第二章一、选择题(每小题3分,共30分)1.下列是无理数的是( )A.-13B.4C.3.141 592 6D.-π2.下列几组数中,是勾股数的是( )A.1,2,3B.0.3,0.4,0.5C.15,8,17D.35,45,13.下列各式中正确的是( )A.16=±4B.3-27=-9C.(-3)2=-3D.94=324.已知下列各式:23,0.1,35,12,6,其中不是最简二次根式的有( )A.2个B.3个C.4个D.5个5.在如图所示的数轴上,表示数3-7的点应在( )A.A ,O 之间B.O ,B 之间C.B ,C 之间D.C ,D 之间6.国庆假期中,小华与同学去玩探宝游戏,按照探宝图,他们从门口A 处出发先往东走8 km,又往北走2 km,遇到障碍后又往西走3 km,再向北走到6km 处往东拐,仅走了1 km,就找到了宝藏,则门口A 到藏宝点B 的直线距离是( )A.20 kmB.14 kmC.11 kmD.10 km7.如图,一场暴雨过后,垂直于地面的一棵大树在距地面5米的C 处折断,树尖B 恰好碰到地面,经测量树尖B 与树桩A 相距12米,则大树折断前高为( )A.13米 B.17米 C.18米 D.22米8.如图,是一种筷子的收纳盒,长、宽、高分别为4 cm,3 cm,12 cm,现有一长为16 cm 的筷子插入到盒的底部,则筷子露在盒外的部分h (cm)的取值范围( )A.3<h<4 B.3≤h ≤4 C.2≤h ≤4 D.5≤h ≤69.把两块同样大小的含45°角的直角三角尺按如图所示放置,其中一块的锐角顶点与另一块的直角顶点重合于点A,且另三个锐角顶点B,C,D在同一直线上,若AC=22,则CD的长是( )A.3B.5C.25+2D.23+210.如图,有一根高为2.1 m的木柱,它的底面周长为40 cm,在准备元旦联欢晚会时,为了营造喜庆的氛围,小明将一根彩带从柱底向柱顶均匀地缠绕7圈,一直缠到起点的正上方为止,小明需要准备的这根彩带的长至少为( ) A.1 400 cm B.350 cm C.840 cm D.300 cm二、填空题(每小题3分,共15分)11. 写出一个在3和4之间的无理数：12.如图,每个小正方形的边长为1,可通过“剪一剪”“拼一拼”,将五个小正方形拼成一个面积一样的大正方形,则这个大正方形的边长是 .13.若m,n为实数,且m=1―n+n-1+8,则mn的立方根为 .14 .如图,有一块一边长为24 m的长方形绿地,在绿地旁边B处有健身器材.由于居住在A处的居民践踏了绿地,小颖想在A处立一个标牌“少走 步,踏草何忍”,但小颖不知应填什么数,请你帮她填上.(假设2步为1 m)15.有一个边长为1的正方形,经过一次“生长”后,在它的左右肩上生出两个小正方形,且这3个正方形所围成的三角形是直角三角形.再经过一次“生长”后,变成了如图,如果继续“生长”下去,它将变得“枝繁叶茂”.请你算出“生长”了2 021次后形成的图形中所有的正方形的面积和是 .三、解答题(共8小题,共75分)16.(8分)把下列各数填入相应的集合内:227,π5,0,3.14,-5,0.313 131…,38,-64,7.151 551…(相邻两个1之间5的个数逐次加1).有理数集合{ …};无理数集合{ …};正数集合{ …};负数集合{ …}.17.(每小题3分,共12分)解答下列各题.(1)(x+5)2=16(2)8(x-1)3=-1258(3)48-27+13 (4)(-2+6)(-2-6)-(3-13)2.18.(8分)如图,一个梯子AB,顶端A 靠在墙AC 上,这时梯子的顶端距地面的垂直高度为24米,若梯子的顶端下滑4米到E 点,底端则水平滑动8米到D 点,求滑动前梯子底端与墙的距离CB 是多少.19.(8分)如图,在四边形ABDC中,∠A=90°,AB=6,AC=8,BD=5,CD2=125.(1)连接BC,求BC的长;(2)求△BCD的面积.20.(8分)已知a-2的平方根是±2,a-3b-3的立方根是3,整数c满足c<12<c+1.(1)求a,b,c的值;(2)求a2+b2+c3+17的算术平方根.21.(10分)为了积极响应国家新农村建设,某镇政府采用了移动宣讲的广播形式进行宣传.如图,笔直公路MN的一侧有一报亭A,报亭A到公路MN的距离AB 为600米,且宣讲车P周围1 000米以内能听到广播宣传,宣讲车P在公路MN 上沿PN方向行驶.(1)请问报亭的人能否听到广播宣传,并说明理由;(2)如果能听到广播宣传,已知宣讲车的速度是200米/分,那么报亭的人总共能听到多长时间的广播宣传?22.(10分)八年级某班开展了手工制作比赛,每个同学都在规定时间内完成一件手工作品.陈莉同学制作手工作品的前两个步骤如下:①如图,先裁下一张长20 cm,宽16 cm 的长方形纸片ABCD;②将纸片沿着AE 所在的直线折叠,点D 恰好落在BC 边上的F 处.请你根据①②步骤分别计算FC,EC 的长.23.(11分)小明在解决问题:已知a=12+3,求2a 2-8a+1的值.他是这样分析与解答的:因为a=12+3=2―3(2+3)(2-3)=2-3,所以a-2=-3.所以(a-2)2=3,即a 2-4a+4=3.所以a 2-4a=-1.所以2a 2-8a+1=2(a 2-4a)+1=2×(-1)+1=-1.请你根据小明的分析过程,解决如下问题:(1)计算:12+1= .(2)计算:12+1+13+2+14+3+…+1100+99.(3)若a=12-1,求4a 2-8a+1的值.参考答案12345678910DCDBBDCB DB11.1112.513.214.1615.2022解析：6.D 如图,过点B 作BC⊥AC ,垂足为C,过点N 作NM⊥AC ,垂足为M.由题意可知AC=AF-MF+MC=8-3+1=6(km),BC=2+6=8(km),在Rt△ACB中,AB=AC 2+BC 2=62+82=10(km).解析：9.D 如图,作AF⊥BC 于点F,∵△AED 和△ACB 是一样的等腰直角三角形,AC=22,∴BC=AD=4,∴AF=12BC=2,BF=CF=2,∴DF=AD 2-AF 2=42-22=23,∴CD=DF+CF=23+2.三、解答题16.有理数集合{227,0,3.14,0.313 131…,38,-64,…};无理数集合{π5,-5,7.151 551…(相邻两个1之间5的个数逐次加1),…};正数集合{227,π5,3.14,0.313 131…,38,7.151 551…(相邻两个1之间5的个数逐次加1),…};负数集合{-5,-64,…}.17.(1)x=-1或x=-9.(2)因为8(x-1)3=-1258,所以(x-1)3=-12564,所以x-1=-54,所以x=1-54,所以x=-14（3）原式=43-33+33=433.（4）原式=4-6-(3-2+13)=-2-43=-103.18.∵AC⊥BC ,∴AC 2+CB 2=AB 2,CE 2+CD 2=DE 2,由题意知AB=DE ，AC=24米,AE=4米,BD=8米,∴CE=24-4=20(米),CD=CB+8,∴242+CB 2=202+(CB+8)2,解得CB=7(米).答:滑动前梯子底端与墙的距离CB 是7米.19.(1)∵在△ABC 中,∠A=90°,AB=6,AC=8,∴BC 2=AB 2+AC 2=100,∴BC=10.(2)在△BCD 中,BC=10,BD=5,CD 2=125,∵BC 2+BD 2=102+52=125=CD 2,∴△BCD 是直角三角形,且∠CBD=90°,∴△BCD 的面积为12BD·BC=12×5×10=25. 20.(1)根据题意,得a-2=4,a-3b-3=27,所以a=6,b=-8.12=23≈3.46,所以3<12<4,所以c=3.(2)由(1)知a=6,b=-8,c=3,所以a 2+b 2+c 3+17=62+(-8)2+33+17=144.因为122=144,所以a 2+b 2+c 3+17的算术平方根为12.21.(1)报亭的人能听到广播宣传.理由:∵600米<1 000米,∴报亭的人能听到广播宣传.(2)如图,假设当宣讲车P 行驶到P 1点时,报亭的人开始听到广播宣传,当宣讲车P 行驶过P 2点时,报亭的人开始听不到广播宣传,连接AP 1,AP 2.易知AP 1=AP 2=1 000米,AB=600米,AB ⊥MN ,∴BP 1=BP 2=1 0002-6002=800(米),∴P 1P 2=1 600米.∵1 600÷200=8(分),∴报亭的人总共能听到8分钟的广播宣传.22.∵ 将纸片沿着AE 所在的直线折叠,点D 恰好落在BC 边上的F 处,∴DE=FE ,AF=AD.在Rt△ABF 中,由勾股定理,得BF 2=AF 2-AB 2=202-162=144,∴BF=12 cm .∴FC=20-12=8(cm).设CE=x cm,则EF=DE=(16-x )cm .在Rt△CEF 中,由勾股定理,得EF 2=FC 2+CE 2,即(16-x )2=82+x 2,解得x=6,∴EC=6 cm .23.(1)2-1 解法提示:12+1=2-1(2+1)(2-1)=2-1.(2)原式=(2-1)+(3-2)+(4-3)+…+(100-99)=100-1=10-1=9.(3)因为a=12-1=2+1(2-1)(2+1)=2+1,所以a-1=2.所以(a-1)2=2,即a 2-2a +1=2.所以a 2-2a=1.所以4a 2-8a +1=4(a 2-2a )+1=4×1+1=5.。
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八年级上册综合测试题
一、填空题。
1、校车行驶过程中，以司机为参照物路边的树是的。
（选填“运动”或“静止”）
2、我们能很容易辨别出二重唱的男声和女声，是因为他们的不同。
在医院的走廊和病房通常悬挂“肃静”的警示牌，这种让人们保持肃静的做法属于在处减弱噪声。
3、教学楼的走廊里挂着一块平面镜，当同学们走进镜子时，他们在镜中像的大小（选填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”）。
4.如图所示，小明将一枚硬币放在碗的底部，眼睛在A处恰好看不到它．
沿碗壁向碗中加水，小明在A处也能看到硬币的虚像，这是光的现象。
5、在下列几种物态变化现象中，属于液化的是；属于升华的是；
其中②、③、是（填“放热”或“吸热”）过程。
①、凉在室外的湿衣服变干了②、夏天，揭开冰棒包装纸后会看到冰棒冒“白汽”
③、冬天，河面上结了一层冰④、放在衣柜里的樟脑丸会越来越小，最后“消失”了
6、运用知识解决问题：
（1）夏天把一大块冰放在玻璃杯中，过一段时间后，冰变成了水，这是现象，在冰变成了水的过程中，水的温度将（填“不变”或“升高”）。
7、一个苹果的质量是162g，合 kg；若这个苹果的体积是180cm3，则该苹果的密度为g/cm3。
二、选择题。
（每题3分，共30分）
8、飞机在空中加油时，我们说加油机是静止的，是以下列哪个物体为参照物（）
A．以加油机自己为参照物 B．以受油机为参照物
C．以地面为参照物 D．三种说法都不对
9、关于声现象，下列说法正确的是（）
A．用超声波能粉碎人体内的结石，说明超声波具有能量
B．中考期间学校路段禁止鸣喇叭，这是在传播过程中减弱噪声
C．声音在固体物质中的传播速度一般比在空气中的传播速度更慢
D．声音在真空中的传播速度是340m/s
10、 "纳米"是一种长度单位，1nm=10－9m，纳米技术是以0.1-100nm这样的尺度为研究对象的前沿科学，目前我国在对纳米技术的研究方面已经跻身世界前列，1.76×109nm可能（）
A．一个人的身高 B．物理课本的长度 C．一座山的高度 D．一个篮球场的长度
11、小军对生活中的一些实例和对应解释，正确的是（）
A．水中的月亮--光的直线传播 B．路灯下人影相随--光的反射
C．用镜子增大空间感--平面镜成像 D．近视眼镜的镜片--凸透镜
12、在探究“凸透镜成像规律”的实验中，已知凸透镜焦距为l0cm，当光屏上成一缩小，倒立的烛焰的像时，烛焰(蜡烛)与凸透镜的距离为（）
A.大于20cm B．等于20cm C.大于l0cm且小于20cm D．小于l0cm
13、图中的四幅图，表示近视眼矫正做法的是（）
14、有四个容积都为500mL 的瓶子，分
别装满海水、纯水、酒精和汽油，那么装的质量最多的是( )( ρ海水>ρ纯水>ρ酒精>ρ汽油)
A 、海水
B 、纯水
C 、酒精
D 、汽油
三、作图与实验题。
（共24分）
15、物理学是一门以实验为基础的自然科学，实验中经常测量和记录数据，请识图并记录下面的测量结果。
（3分）
（1）如图（a ）是测量橡皮擦的长度为 cm ．
（2）如图（b ）是用量筒测量水的体积为 L ．
（3）如图（c ）是某实验站温度的示数，此时气温为 ℃．
16、按要求完成以下作图题：（6分）
（1）根据平面镜成像特点画出镜前的物体。
（2）画出经过凸透镜后的光线。
17、在“探究液体的密度”实验中：（12分） （1）使用天平时，应将天平放在水平台面上，游码移至称量标尺左端的 刻度线上；若指针
偏向分度标尺的左边，应将平衡螺母向________调节直到横梁平衡（选填“左”或“右”）；
（2）用调好的天平测量液体的质量，一位同学的测量情况如图15所示，则烧杯和液体的总质量
是 g ；若烧杯的质量是20g ，则液体的质量是 g 。
（3）甲、乙、丙、丁四组同学分别量取了不同体积的同种液体，并测量出液体的质量，老师将他
们的测量结果列在黑板上，如下表所示。
经分析，发现四组同学的测量数据中，有一组同学的测量数据存在错误，你认为错误的是 组，你的判断方法是： 。
四、计算题。
（共10分）
18、如图所示，轿车从某地在高速公路上往北京方向匀速行驶，当到达A 地时，车内的钟表显示为10h 15min ，到达B 地时，钟表显示为10h 45min ．求：
（1）轿车从A 地到B 地用多少时间？
（2）轿车从A 地到B 地的速度．
（3）若轿车仍以该速度继续匀速行驶，从B
地到北京需要多长时间
组别
甲 乙 丙 丁
液体的质量m / g 8.0 16.2 19.8 31.8 液体的体积V / cm 3
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 A ’
B ’。