2017春《欧洲文化入门》平时作业

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(完整版)自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》

课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日姓名学号学院班级Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each)1.———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. PythagorasB. DemocritusC. AristotleD. Diogenes2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”byDante?A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Cicero3.________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.A. ThucydidesB. HerodotusC. SocratesD. Aristotle4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ .A. MosesB. JoshuaC. SaulD. David5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and madeChristianity legal?A. DomitianB. ValerianC. ConstantineD. Theodosius6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .A. wanderersB. travelersC. tradersD. merchants7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from centralAsia.A. TurkishB. HunsC. AthensD. Roman8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and thecenter of trade and community activity.A. bridgeB. church buildingC. villageD. subway9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the goldencity which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors.A. MilanB. FlorenceC. VeniceD. the papal states10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and meaningyield beauty”?.A. BoccaccioB. ShakespeareC. RaphaelD. Petrarch11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has had greatimpact on world literature.A. Don QuixoteB. hamletC. Gargantua and PantagruelD. Utopia12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid innight.God said, “let________ be”, and all was light.A. CopernicusB. KeplerC. NewtonD. Einstein13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in Englandand with ________ in France.A. CorneilleB. LockeC. RousseauD. Descartes14. The great contribution of St.Jerome was ________.A. the building of monasteriesB. the translation of Old and New Testaments into LatinC. the setting up of the church systemD. none of the above15. Which of the following is not true about Dante?A. Dante was a great Italian poet.B. Dante wrote BeowulfC. Dante wrote his masterpiece in ItalianD. Dante was a great political thinker16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached great importanceto ________ .A. deductive reasoningB. classical authorityC. direct observation and experimentD. humanist learning17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain andemotional upheaval. .A. SophistsB. CynicsC. ScepticsD. Epicureans19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand, andI will move the world.”A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. PlatoD. Euclid20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun,not the earth, is the center of the universe.A. KeplerB. GalileoC. NewtonD. CopernicusⅡ.In the following part there are two columns.The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of organizations,works or remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)21.St.Jerome [ ] (a)Latin version of Bible22.Dante [ ] (b)The City of God23.Aristophanes [ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales24.Virgil [ ] (d)Aeneid25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper26.Augustine [ ] (f)Virgin Mary27.Chaucer [ ] (g)Edict of Milan28.Leonardo da Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs29.Raphael [ ] (i)The Divine Comedy30.Homer [ ] (j)OdysseyⅢ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each)31.Among many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two major ones?32.What are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the4th century B.C.in Greece?33.What gave birth to Christianity?34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with?35.What classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly divided into?36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200 years? the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.40.Who established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorial traditionin western art?IV.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)41.Athens’democrach42.Beowulf43.John Locke44.OdysseyV.Write Between 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points)45.What is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method (推理法)and deductive method(演绎法)?课程《欧洲文化入门》答案Ⅰ.1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, DⅡ. 21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30jⅢ.31.The major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.32.The four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and theStoics.33.It was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.34.The Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.35.people of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into threeclasses:clergy,lords and peasants.36.In 1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing many Christainpilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years.37.They are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.38.Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.39.Mona Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous pictures.40.It was the great Venetian painter Titian.IV41.Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”,butby“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father.42.Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from thecollective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting with a fire dragon.43.John Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding political philosopher,whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time.44.Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home islandof Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.V.45.The answer as follows:1.The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over theforces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2.He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately beblended with is as in Scholasticism.3.Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particularfacts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.4.In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of naturalworld. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.。

(0174)《欧洲文化入门》网上作业题及答案

[0174]《欧洲文化入门》第一批[论述题]1.The Bible2. Renaissance参考答案：[判断题]12. Throughout his life, Peter Paul Rubens did 1,204 paintings and 300 drawings, something that is unprecedented in the history of art.参考答案：正确[判断题]14. Black Humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragic things. Man's fate is decided by comprehensible powers. We can't do anything about it, therefore we may as well laugh.参考答案：错误[判断题]10. Baroque art, flourished first in Spain was characterized by Dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and color.参考答案：错误[判断题]15. Expressionist art is marked by the expression of reality by means of distortion to communicate one's inner vision. The artists of this school used bright colors to bring out their pessimistic views on life.参考答案：正确[判断题]7. The Gothic style started in France, quickly spread through all parts of western Europe and flourished and lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 17th .参考答案：错误[判断题]6. Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancient times and eventually was crowned " Emperor of the Romans” by himself in 800.参考答案：错误[判断题]5. The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really an encyclopedia: history, literature, philosophy and record of great minds.参考答案：正确[判断题]4. Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commercial law in many Western countries.参考答案：正确[判断题]3. Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920.参考答案：错误[判断题]2. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.参考答案：正确[判断题]1. Homer's epics described the events of Homer's own time.参考答案：错误[判断题]13. Marxism was linked to a great intellectual tradition extending into the 18th century French Enlightenment, German post-Kantian philosophy, English classical political economy, andearly 18th century European socialism.参考答案：错误[判断题]9. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in England and wi th RenéDescartes in France.参考答案：正确[判断题]8. In the period of Renaissance, where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, in France it was literature and in England it was philosophy and drama.参考答案：正确[判断题]11. Christopher Columbus was discoverer of the New World and the American continent was named after him.参考答案：错误第二批[论述题]1.John Lock2.Lugwig von Beethoven参考答案：[单选题]1. Two major elements in European culture are ____.A：the Greek and RomanB：the Judaism and ChristianityC：the Greco-RomanD：both A and B参考答案：D[单选题]2. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was ____ , who is Father of Comedy. A：UripidesB：AristophanesC：SophoclesD：Aeschylus参考答案：B[单选题]3. In _____ the West Roman Empire ended when the last emperor of the West was deposed by the Goths.A：27 B.CB：395C：476D：1453参考答案：C[单选题]4. The most important and influential of English Bible is ____, first published in 1611. A：The SeptuagintB：The VulgateC：Wycliff’s versionD：Authorized version参考答案：D[单选题]5. ____ in a few hundred years were to grow into the nations known as England, France, Spain, Italy and Germany.A：Germanic tribesB：The HunsC：The Anglo-SaxonsD： The Visigoths参考答案：A[单选题]6. Dante Alighieri's masterpiece , _____, is one of the landmarks of world literature. A： Song of RolandB：the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.C：BeowulfD： the Divine Comedy参考答案：D[单选题]7. After the 16-century Reformation, _____ came into being.A：ChristianityB：CalvinC：LutheranD：Protestantism参考答案：D[单选题]8. ____ was the first Russian author to gain recognition in the West.A：Nikolai GogolB：Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC：Fyodor DostoyevskyD： Count Leo Tolstoy参考答案：B[单选题]9. _____ was made up of many facets, such as symbolism, surrealism, cubism, expressionism, futurism, etc.A：RealismB：NaturalismC：ModernismD：Impressionism参考答案：C[单选题]10.Sholokhov established an international reputation for his monumental novel of Cossack life, _____ , written between 1925 and 1940.A： My ApprenticeshipB： The StrangerC：The Quiet DonD：Remembrance of Things Past参考答案：C第三批[论述题]1. Church of England（英国国教）2. The Spirit of Laws（《法意》）3. Aristotle（亚里士多德）4. Beowulf （《贝奥武夫》）5. the Authorized or King James version of the Bible（ "钦定圣经”）参考答案：第四批[论述题]1. Francesco Petrarch （彼特拉克）2. John Locke （洛克）3. Black Humour（黑色幽默）4. Cubism （立体派）参考答案：第五批[论述题]Marxism参考答案：[判断题]10. The term " Angry Young Man” came to be widely used only after the publication of John Osborne's play Look Back in Anger (1956).参考答案：正确[判断题]9. Samuel Beckett's masterpiece was a play called Waiting for Godot (1952), which was remembered as one of the most famous Absurd Drama.参考答案：正确[判断题]8. Sholokhov established an international reputation for his monumental novel of Cossack life, The Quiet Don, written between 1925 and 1940.参考答案：正确[判断题]7. T.S. Eliot's long poem the Waste Land is his major contribution to English poetry. 参考答案：正确[判断题]6. Dubliners by James Joyce is considered his most mature work and the single best fiction ever written since the beginning of the 20th century.参考答案：错误[判断题]5. In Freudian system, Id is the container of the instinctual urges.参考答案：正确[判断题]4. Realism was made up of many facets, such as symbolism, surrealism, cubism, expressionism, futurism, etc.参考答案：错误[判断题]3. The term " impressionism” was taken directly from the title of Manet's Impressionism: Sunrise (1872).参考答案：错误[判断题]2.Diogenes is chiefly noted for his doctrine that " man is the measure of all th ings.”参考答案：错误[判断题]1. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.参考答案：正确第六批[判断题]10. Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 is a choral symphony, choosing as a text for the finale Shiller's Ode to Joy.参考答案：正确[判断题]9. Delacroix was among the first ones in European art history to comment in his art on the events of the day.参考答案：正确[判断题]8. Goya was among the first ones in European art history to comment in his art on the events of the day.参考答案：正确[判断题]7. The publication of Mickiewicz's Sonnets from the Crimea _____ is uaually taken as the beginning of Romanticism in Polish literature.参考答案：错误[判断题]6. Pushkin stood in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia, Eugene Onegin is generally recognized as his masterpiece.参考答案：正确[判断题]5. In 1798, Songs of Experience , a volume of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, made literary history.参考答案：错误[判断题]4. Romanticism, which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, started from the ideas of Rousseau, in France and from the Storm and Stress movement in Germany. 参考答案：正确[判断题]3. Nikolai Gogol was the first master of fiction in Russia to leave romantic conventions and go to life for his subjects.参考答案：正确[判断题]2. Zola defined the theory of realism and illustrated it in his great work entitled the Human Comedy参考答案：错误[判断题]1. In Europe, the realist movement arose in the 50s of the 19th century and had its origin in France.参考答案：正确[论述题]1.Dadaism2. The Human Comedy参考答案：。

《欧洲文化入门》复习题

《欧洲文化入门》复习题I. Complete each of following sentences with the most likely answer. (考30题，每题1分)1.In ___________ the Roman conquered Greece.A. 1200B.C. B. 700 B. C. C. 146 B. C.D. The 5th century2.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon againstthe city of Troy?A. Oedipus the KingB. IliadC. OdysseyD. Antigone3.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?A. AntigoneB. AgamemnonC. PersiansD. Prometheus Bound4.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A. ElectraB. AntigoneC. Trojan WomanD. Oedipus theKing5.Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagoras6.Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man is the measure of allthings”?A. ProtagorasB. PythagorasC. PyrrhonD. Epicurus11.Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”?A. HoraceB. Julius CaesarC. VirgilD. Marcus TulliusCicero12.The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of things is___________.A. VirgilB. Julius CaesarC. HoraceD. Lucretius13.Which of the following is not Roman architecture?A. The ColosseumB. The PanthenonC. The ParthenonD. Pont du Gard14.Who wrote, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”?A. SapphoB. PlatoC. VirgilD. Horace15.Which of the following is by far the most influential in theWest?_______A. BuddismB. IslamismC. ChristianityD.Judaism16.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most importantof which are the first five books, called __________.A. ExodusB. CommandmentsC. AmosD. Pentaeuch19.After the _______ century Nestorianism reached China.A. sixthB. fifthC. secondD.third20.Which of the following emperors made Christianity the officialreligion of the empire and outlawed all other religions? __________A. TheodosiusB. AugustusC. Constantine ID. NeroCaesar21.Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and madeChristianity legal in 313? __________A. AugustusB. ThedosiusC. NeroD. ConstantineI22.At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of_________.A. St. PeterB. St. PaulC. John BaptistD. JohnWycliff23.By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in_________languages.A. 228B. 974C. 1202D. 15424.When printing was invented in the 1500’s, the _______ Bibl e was thefirst complete work printed.A. EnglishB. LatinC. AramaicD.Hebrew25.When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear?_______A. 1885B. 1611C. 1901D. 197927.The Middle Ages is also called the _________.A. “Age of Christianity”B. “Age ofLiterature”C. “Age of Holy Spirit”D. “Age of Faith”28.According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledgedto do for a knight? _______A. To be loyal to his lordB. To fight for thechurchC. To obey without question the orders of the abbotD. To respect women of noble birth29.When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe?_______A. At the age of 14.B. When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners andran errands for the ladies.C. At a special ceremony known as dubbing.D. When he was pledged to fight for the church.30.Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of westernEurope?________A. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs31.By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian strongholdand won the crusades and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? ________A. 1270B. 1254C. 1096D. 129137.Which of the following was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by thePope in 800? ______A. St. Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. King James38.Who is the author of the Opus Maius? ________A. Roger BaconB. Dante AlighieriC. ChaucerD. St. Thomas Aquinas41.Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _______A. DecameronB. CanzoniersC. DavidD.Moses42.Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? ________A. GiottoB. BrunelleschiC. DonatelloD.Giorgione43.Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of themodern mode of painting? _______A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD.Michelangelo44.Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for hisMadona (Virgin Mary)?A. TitianB. da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Raphael45.Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Biblewith Maria riding on a donkey ready to face the hardship ahead? ________A. TempestaB. Sacred and Profane LoveC. Flight into EgyptD. The Return of theHunters52.Which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which hepraises the greatness of man, expresses his love of love and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning? _______A.Gargantua and PantagruelB. Don QuixoteC. The Praise of FollyD. Utopia53.Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’s humanistideas and a style which is easy and familiar? ________A. SonnetsB. DecameronC. RabelaisD. Of Repentance54.Which of the following is NOT French writer poet? _______A. CervantesB. Pierre de RonsardC. RabelaisD.Montaigne55.In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the NewTestament?_________A. BruegelB. ErasmusC. El GrecoD.Rabelais58.The author of The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs is _______?A. KeplerB. CopernicusC. GalileoD. Newton59.Galileo is the greatest name in the physics of the 17th century. Histelescope magnified objects _______.A. a thousand timesB. a hundred timesC. ten-thousand timesD. five-hundred times60.Engels said: “The revolutionary act by which natural science declaredits independence… was the publication of the immortal work…”, what does the immortal work refer to ?_______A. Sidereus NunciusB. New Eassays Concerning Human UnderstandingC. New system of NatureD. The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs65. ________ and Newton invented independently the differential and integral calculus.A. DescartesB. CopernicusC. LeibnizD. Kepler66.Which of the following works was not written by Francis Bacon? ________A. Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingB. The Novum Organum (New Method)C. The New AtlantisD. The Advancement of Learning67.Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish bynature? _______A. John LockeB. DescartesC. Pierre GassendiD. Thomas Hobbes68.In 1644, John Milton wrote a protest against a parliamentary decreere-imposing complete censorship of the press. This was his best known prose ______.A. AndromaqueB. AreopagiticaC. Paradise LostD. Paradise Regained69.Which of the following is NOT the content of the Bill of Rights whichlimited the Sovereign’s power in certain important directions?________A. Parliament was responsible for all the law making.B. The power of suspending the laws by royal authority was declaredto be illegal.C. The King should levy no money at any time.D. The King should not keep a standing army in time of peace withoutconsent of Parliament.78.Which of the following artists helped to bring the Roman Baroque styleto its climax? ______A. RubensB. BorrominiC. CaravaggioD. Bernini79.Which of the following artists helped to spread the Baroque style toNorth Europe? ______A. RubensB. VelazquezC. BorrominiD. Bernini80.In painting of the 17th century, who won international fame and his styleis basically classical, his figures are frozen and their action stiff?_____A. Christopher WrenB. RembrandtC. PoussinD. Rubbens II. Fill in the following blanks. （考10空，每空1分）1.European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elementsare considered to be more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.2.The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus,Sophocles, and Euripides.3.To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to havetold the king: “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”4.In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rometo Byzantium, renamed it Constantinople ( modern Istanbul ).5.She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation ofRoman.6.Among all the religions by which people seek to worship, Christianityis by far the most influential in the West.7.The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts:the Old Testament and the New Testament.8.In European history, the thousand year period following the fall ofthe West Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages.9.As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church,to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry, from which the western idea of good manners developed.10.Under feudalism, people of Western Europe were mainly divided intothree classes: clergy, lords and peasants.11.To express their religious feelings, many people in the Middle Ageswent on journeys to sacred places where early Christian leaders had lived. The most important of all was Jerusalem.12.Beowulf is an Anglo-Sexon epic, in alliterative verse, originatingfrom the collective efforts of oral literature.13.Loenardo da Vinci’s major works: Last Supper is the most famous ofreligious pictures; Mona Lisa probably is the world’s most famous portrait.14.The Reformation led by Martin Luther which swept over the whole ofEurope was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible.15.Cervantes crowned literature of Spain and Shakespeare of Englandduring the Renaissance.16.The Puritan Movement was the religious cause of the English Revolution.17.Corneille, Racine, and Moliere are the three major dramatists of theFrench neoclassicism in the 17th century.III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.（考10题，每题1分）1.Diogenes is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “ man is the measureof all things.” F2.Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.T3.Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920. F4.Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commerciallaw in many Western countries. T5.The Romans greatly admired Greek works and freely borrowed from them.And besides being profound, powerful and beautiful, their own writings showed little originality. F6.After 392 A.D., Christianity had changed from an object of oppressionto a weapon in the hands of the ruling class to crush their opponents.T7.The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really anencyclopedia: history, literature, philosophy and record of great minds. T8.The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew, the New Testamentin a popular form of Latin. F9.During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep theorder. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was feudalism.F10.Some of the hermits were great scholars known as “ Father of theChurch”, whose work is generally considered orthodox. T11.Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancienttimes and eventually was crowned “ Emperor of the Romans” by himself in 800. F12.Where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, inFrance it was literature and in England it was philosophy and drama.T13. After Reformation, in religion, Protestantism brought into beingdifferent forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church. T14.The Cartesian doubt is summarized in his motto: “ I doubt, thereforeI th ink: I think , therefore I am.” T15.Baroque art, flourished first in Spain was characterized by dramaticintensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and color. F16.The designing and building of St. Paul’s Cathedral is the landmarkin French architecture. F17.The three composers of the classical music , Bach ,Haydn and Mozartare known as the Viennese School. F18.The representatives of the Later Romantics in music are Berlioz, Liszt,Wagner, Verdi, Brahms, and Tchaikovsky. T19.As Isaac Newton dominated 17th-century science with his discovery ofthe laws governing the bodies of the universe, so Charles Darwin dominated 18th-centuryscience, for he discovered the laws governing the evolution of man himself. F20.Black humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragicthings. Man’s fate is decided by comprehensible powers. We can’t do anything about it, therefore we may as well laugh. FIV. Explain the following terms in English. （考3个名词，每词10分）1.Humanism ---Broadly, this term suggests any attitude, which tends to exalt the human element or stress the importance of human interests, as opposed to the supernatural, divine element—or as opposed to the grosser, animal elements. In a more specific sense, humanism suggests a devotion to those studies supposed to promote human culture most effectively—in particular, those dealing with the life, thought, language and literature of ancient Greece and Rome. In literary of classical culture that accompanied the Renaissance.2.Enlightenment ---The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating in France, which attracted widespread support among the ruling and intellectual classes of Europe and North America in the second half of the 18th century. It characterizes the efforts by certain European writers to use critical reason to free minds from prejudice, unexamined authority and oppression by church or State. Therefore, the Enlightenment is sometimes called the Age of Reason.3.Neo-classicism ---It was initiated by Dryden, culminated in Pope and continued by Johnson. Neo-classicists modeled themselves on classical, ancient Greek and Latin authors. They wanted to achieve perfect form in literature. They general tended to look at social and political life critically. They emphasize on intellect rather than imagination. They observed fixed laws and rules in literary creation. Poets preferred heroic couplet. In drama, they adhered to three unities, time, place and action. They emphasized on the didactic function of literature.4. Calvinism ---The French theologian put his thoughts in his Institutes of the Christian Religion, which was known as Calvinism. Calvinism rejected the papal authorities and stressed the absolute authority of God' s will, holding that only those specially elected by God are saved. It also held that any form of sinfulness was a likely sign of damnation whereas ceaseless work could be a sign of salvation. Many historians havesuggested that Calvinism helped to pave the way for Capitalism.5. Reformation ---It was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It was led by Martin Luther and swept over the whole of Europe. This movement was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The Reformers believed in direct communication between the individual and God, engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues, urged the Church to have institutional reforms and were interested in liberating national economy and politics from the interference of the Roman Catholic Church and carrying out wars in the interests of the peasants and revolution in the interests of the bourgeoisie. The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow and shattered Medieval Church's stifling control over man, thus paving the way for capitalism.V. Write on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. （20分）It is said that the Bible has shaped Western culture more decisively than anything else ever written. Do you agree with this statement? Please give your own reasons.(1) Yes, I agree with the statement. (2’)(2) Introduction to the Bible. (8’)(3) Bible’s significant place in Western culture. (10’)。

欧洲文化入门(阅读)欧洲第三次作业—近代早期(100分)

欧洲文化入门(阅读)欧洲第三次作业—近代早期(100分)1．第1题The reasons for Henry’s reform in England were mainly ________.A.religiousB.personalC.politicalD.both B and C您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.02．第2题Three of the following statements are true with the Catholic Counter-Reformation. Which one is the exception?A.It was in nature a reaction to Protestantism.B.It was the result of Catholic self-criticism.C.It resulted from the Protestant Reformation.D.It resulted from a Church-wide call for reform.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.03．第3题Three of the following statements are true with the Elizabethan Compromise. Which one is the exception?A.The Church of England again rejected the authority of the pope.B.The Church of England began to compromise with the Papacy.C.Elizabeth again condemned Catholic teachings and practices.D.Elizabeth,as a protestant, also forbade extreme Protestantism.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.04．第14题The most immediate effect of the Reformation was ___________________.A.the increase in the power of princes and kingsB.the more and more secularized western EuropeC.the outburst of fighting among religious groupsD.the more emphasis on the value of the individual 您的答案：C题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.05．第15题Which is not the similarity shared by Chauc er’s Canterbury Tales and Boccaccio’s Decameron?A.a collection of storiesB.satirical and humorous languageC.vivid characterizationD.religious themes您的答案：D题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.06．第16题Which description of the Age of Renaissance is correct?A.The Renaissance happened right after the Late Middle Ages in time.B.The Renaissance reached a peak at the end of the sixteenth century.C.The Renaissance began as a literary movement.D.The Renaissance was opposed to humanism.您的答案：C题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.07．第17题Compared with Italian Renaissance, Northern Renaissance had the following distinctive features except for ______.A.strong national flavorB.great religious concernC.influence of classicismD.belief in Christian humanism您的答案：C题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.08．第18题Which of the following facts is NOT true with the situation in the Church of Rome before the Reformation?A.The sale of Church offices to wealthy families.B.The sale of indulgences to individual believers.C.Some clegymen held several positions at the same time.D.Clergymen must meet strict moral and educational standards.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.09．第19题Three of the following statements are true with the early experience of Luther. Which one is the exception?A.Luther lived up to his father and became a priest.B.Luther had a horrible experience in a thunderstorm.C.He tried his best to get rid of his sin to satisfy God.D.He damaged his health by eating and sleeping less.您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.010．第20题The Italian Renaissance scholars did all the following things except for ____.A.reviving many classical texts forgotten or lost for a long time.B.spreading the knowledge beyond the small circle of scholars.C.refusing to accept religious teaching or read religious works.D.pa ying more attention to man’s world and lifeon earth.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.011．第21题Which of the following Renaissance writers was not known for his sonnets?A.DanteB.PetrarchC.Edmund SpencerD.William Shakespeare您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.012．第22题Which one is not a period of Italian Renaissance Art?A.Early RenaissanceB.Middle RenaissanceC.High Renaissancete Renaissance您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.013．第23题Who did not belong to the Florentine School of the Early Renaissance art?A.BrunelleschiB.DonatelloC.MasaccioD.Raphael您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.014．第24题Which is the key feature of the Mannerism of the Late Renaissance art?A.the invention of new artistic techniquesB.the imitation of Greek and Roman stylesC.the representation of idealized human figuresD.the use of intense colors, strange themes and twisted figures.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.015．第25题Which one is not the main characteristic of Shakespeare as a Renaissance man?A.His interest in classical cultureB.His belief in humanismC.His support of individualismD.His consciousness of national identity您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.016．第26题Who was regarded as the “father of oil painting”?A.MasaccioB.BotticelliC.Albrecht D黵erD.Jan van Eyck您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.017．第27题Who was not a believer in the heliocentric theory?A.Nicolas CopernicusB.Johannes KeplerC.GalileoD.Francis Bacon您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.018．第28题Luther called on the German princes to reject theforeign pope’s a uthority and establish a reformed German church in _____________.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.019．第29题Luther further explained his doctrine of faith and justification in ______________.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.020．第30题The successful spread of Lutheranism in the Holy Roman Empire is due to three of the following facts. Which one is the exception?A.The unstable political situation in the Holy Roman Empire.B.Public discontent caused by high papal taxes on Germans.C.Extreme anger in Germany against the power of the pope.D.Luther' s intention to extend his doctrine of social equality.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.021．第31题Three of the following statements are true with Henry VIII. Which one is the exception?A.He married his brother’s widow against Roman Catholic rules.B.He married his brother’s widow with the Pope' s authorization.C.He was eager to divorce the queen to end the poor marriage.D.He was eager to have a new marriage to bring him a male heir.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.022．第32题Three of the following statements are true with England after the death of Henry VIII. Which one is the exception?A.The council of regents to rule England was dominated by reformers.B.Edward VI was enthusiastic about reform as Henry VIII had been.C.Edward VI was raised by Protestants rich with Renaissance ideas.D.Mary succeeded Edward VI and began to restore the Catholic faith.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.023．第33题Three of the following statements are true with the Council of Trent. Which one is the exception?A.It was first a religious meeting called to win back the Protestants.B.It condemned the scandals arising from the sale of indulgences.C.It insisted on Catholic tradition as the mere source of authority.D.It marks the beginning of the history of modern Catholic Church.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.024．第34题Three of the following statements are true with the Jesuits. Which one is the exception?A.They were highly respected for their learning and the purity of their lives.B.They became the principal university teachers in all European countries.C.They helped to stop the spread of Lutheranism into south Germany.D.They helped to spread Catholicism to the countries beyond Europe.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.025．第45题Which statement about the “civic humanism” is wrong?A.It was developed by some Florentine scholars during the fifteenth century.B.It believed that virtue could only be obtained by participating in public life.C.It encouraged people to pursue material pleasures and fulfill their desires.D.It was the same with the “Christian Humanism” of Northern Renaissance.您的答案：D题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.026．第46题Three of the following statements are true with Luther's teachings. Which one is the exception?A.A priest of the Church never helps.B.A priest of the Church is only the teacher.C.The truth is only to be found in the Bible.D.Every believer is a priest of his own.您的答案：A题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.027．第47题Which statement about the humanist educationduring the Renaissance is wrong?A.The goal of education was to produce independent, virtuous and capable men who excelled in many different fields.B.The program of study relied heavily on classical training, but it also contained many other subjects.C.The Renaissance education enhanced the impact of the humanist ideas on the ruling class and the elite.D.The educational program of the humanists placed a high value on science.您的答案：D题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.028．第48题Which of the following statements is NOT true with the text?A.Martin Luther was a German missionary.B.Martin was declared an outlaw in the Empire.C.The Pope condemned Martin Luther’s beliefs.D.The Pope ordered Luther to change his beliefs.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.029．第49题Which of the following is true about Luther’s discovery from reading the Bible?A.His own individual faith would guarantee his salvation.B.Saint Peter’s guidance would guarantee his salvation.C.Saint Paul’s instructions would guarantee his salvation.D.Jesus Christ ’s teachings would guarantee his salvation.您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.030．第50题Which is not one of the things that the Viscontis, the Sforzas and the Medicis had in common?A.They were wealthy and powerful families in Italy.B.They were rulers of Milan during the Renaissance.C.They ordered the construction of great architectures.D.They were generous patrons of artists and intellectuals.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.031．第51题Which description of Petrarch is wrong?A.He was known as the “father of humanism”.B.He was the first to coin the term “Dark Ages”.C.He valued his Italian writings more than his Latin writings.D.He was financed by Galeazzo II Visconti.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.032．第52题Which is not one of the three great achievements of Italian Renaissance art?A.the revival of classical textsB.the discovery of linear perspectiveC.the knowledge of anatomyD.the knowledge of the classical forms您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.033．第53题Who was not one of the three masters of the High Renaissance art?A.Leonardo da VinciB.RaphaelC.El GrecoD.Michelangelo您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.034．第54题Which categories of publication does Erasmus’s The Praise of Folly belong to?A.clever satires to expose people’s errorsB.serious moral books to offer people Christian guidanceC.scholarly editions of basic Christian textsD.collection of stories to amuse people您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.035．第55题Who was not a representative writer of Northern Renaissance?A.Giovanni BoccaccioB.William ShakespeareC.Fran鏾is RabelaisD.Miguel de Cervantes您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.036．第56题In terms of science, what was the significant shift in thinking during the Renaissance Age?A.the inclusion of science in the educational programB.the emphasis on how things happened in natureC.the development of new scientific methodsD.the acceptance of heliocentric theory您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.037．第57题Which of the following is true about the central argument of the Ninety-Five Theses?A.The Ninety-Five Theses marks the beginning of the Reformation.B.It was an effort to draw attention to the corruption of the Church.C.Repentance has the same power of the pope to forgive sins.D.The sale of indulgences went against the true spirit of Christianity.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.038．第58题Luther attacked the belief that the sacramental system was the only means to salvation and called for the reform of monasticism in________________.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.039．第59题Luther made the first attempt to draw attention to the corruption of the Church in _______.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.040．第60题Like Luther, Calvin ____________A.believed man, from birth, is predestined by God for salvation or damnation.B.believed that the order and discipline of the early church should be restored.C.regarded the Bible as the only source of truth and spiritual authority.D.regarded the church as a place to be with God by reading the Bible.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.041．第4题By the 15th century the Pope had become powerful in both the secular life of the Europeans as well as in their religious life.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.042．第5题The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V helped the Pope in the movement of Catholic Counter-Reformation.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.043．第6题Florence was the major centre of the High Renaissance Art at the early 16th century.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.044．第7题During the Renaissance, many Italian scholars began to learn Greek because they wanted to translate Latin works into Greek.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第8题Christian Humanism helped pave the way for the Protestant Reformation.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.046．第9题To allow a person to buy God’s for giveness and ransom his way out of hell, the Church developed the sale of indulgences.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.047．第10题During the Renaissance, all scholars and artists abandoned medieval qualities and embraced modern values over night.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第11题“Middle English” was the national language of the England during the Early Middle Ages.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第12题It was only in the 16th century that the Church of Rome’s monopoly began to meet the challenge for religious reform.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第13题Reading of the Bible and his theological teaching made clearer Luther’s idea about the malpractices of the Church.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.051．第35题Martin Luther first expressed his idea of reforming the Church by criticizing the sale of indulgences.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.052．第36题All city-states of northern Italy belonged to the Holy Roman Empire during the Renaissance.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.053．第37题The Northern Renaissance is the term used to describe the Renaissance in northern Europe, or more broadly in Europe outside Italy.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.054．第38题Marsilio Ficino, the first man to translate Plato’s complete works from Greek into Latin, was known as a Neo-Platonist.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.055．第39题In the Middle Ages, Christians in Western Europe only needed to pay one tenth of their annual income to the Church of Rome.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.056．第40题According to Luther, the Bible was the only source of political and religious authority.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.057．第41题The Italian Renaissance was largely credited to the economic success in Italy at that time.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.058．第42题Dante was the first Italian writer to compose in his native language rather than in Latin.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.059．第43题The sales of Church offices led to low religious and personal standards of the clergymen.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.060．第44题Due to the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation, the Church of Rome lost its authority to settle all disputes among Christians.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0作业总得分：100。

欧洲文化入门考试内容归纳中文版

《欧洲文化入门》本作者绪论《欧洲文化入门》由于其内容庞杂，琐碎，因而是一门学习起来比较困难的课程。

其实大家大可不必担心，只要我们潜下心去，找出里面的规律和线索，这门课并不难攻克。

我们要牢记文化的五分法：一、社会历史(包括政治、经济、宗教、历史) 二、哲学三、文学四、科学五、艺术(包括绘画、雕塑、建筑和音乐)，以记忆每个时代的各要点为主，理解纵向的变迁为辅，后者主要的作用时帮助我们更好的记住前者。

《欧洲文化入门》的考试大致包括以下几种题型：四选一，填空，判断，简答题，名词解释，论述题。

选择题：这种题型可考查考生的记忆、理解、判断、推理分析，综合比较，鉴别评价等多种能力，评分客观，故常被应用。

在答题时，如果能瞬时准确地把正确答案找出来最好，假如没有把握，就应采用排除法，即应从排除最明显的错误开始，把接近正确答案的备选项留下，再分析比较强以逐一否定最终选定正确答案。

填空题：这种题型常用于考核考生准确记忆的“再现”能力，在答题时，无论有几个空，回答都应明确、肯定，不能含糊其辞，填空题看似容易实则难，最好的应对办法是对英语语言知识中最基本的知识、概念、原理等要牢记。

名词解释：这种题型一般针对英语专业自考本科段课程中的基本概念、专业名词进行命题，主要考核考生的识记、理解能力。

在答题时，答案要简明、概括、准确，如分值较大，可简要扩展。

简答题：这种题型一般围绕基本概论、原理及其联系进行命题，着重考核考生对概念、史实、原理的掌握、辨别和理解能力。

在答题时，既不能像名词解释那样简单，也不能像论述题那样长篇大论，答案要有层次性，列出要点，并加以简要扩展就可以。

论述题：这种题型一般从试卷编制的全局出发，能从体现考试大纲中的重点内容和基本问题的角度来命题，着重考核考生分析、解决实际问题的能力，考核考生综合应用能力和创见性。

在答题时，要仔细审题，列出答案要点，然后对要点逐一展开叙述，此时考生应发挥自己的真知灼见，要在深度，广度上下功。

欧洲文化入门听课笔记和重点总结

欧洲文化入门听课笔记和重点总结第一篇：欧洲文化入门听课笔记和重点总结欧洲文化入门听课笔记和重点总结1.希腊罗马Homer Author of epics Sappho Lyric poet 三大悲剧家：Aeschylus Tragic dramatist Sophocles Tragic dramatist Euripides Tragic dramatist 喜剧家：Aristophanes Comedy writer 历史学家：Herodotus wrote about wars between Greeks and Persians Father of history Thucydides wrote about wars between Athens and Sparta and Athens and Syracuse the greatest historian that have ever lived 哲学和科学：Pythagoras All things were numbers founder of scientific mathematics Heracleitue Fire is the primary element Democritus Materialist，one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory Socrates Dissect of oneself，virtue was high worth of life，dialectical method Plato Man have knowledge because of the existence of certain general ideas Aristotle Direct observation，theory follow fact，idea and matter together made concrete individual realities Euclid a textbook of geometry Archimedes when a body is immersed in water its loss of weight is equal to the weight of the water displaced “Give me a place to stand and I…ll move the World”Others Diogenes（the Cynics）Pyrrhon（the Sceptics）Epicurus（the Epicureans）Zeno（the Stoics）4th century B.C.后半叶希腊在Alexander，king of Macedon的领导下，5th century B.C.达到顶峰，146 B.C.被罗马攻克2.基督教和圣经Jews—以前叫Hebrews，3800B.C.穿过中东沙漠，1300B.C.Moses带领Hebrews离开埃及，开始他们的Exodus，他在Sinai山定了ten commandments in the name of God，40年后Hebrews定居Pelestine，known as Canaan，Hebrew人的历史口头传送记入the old Testament，6th century B.C.，他们在Babylon形成synagogue（忧太集会）来发扬他们的教义。

华师作业欧洲文化入门3

华师作业欧洲文化入门3作业1．第1题In the Middle Ages, the ancient myths___.A.predominatedB.were dominantC.were interpreted allegoricallyD.were even more popular您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题The early Christians were against ___.A.Greek cultureB.Roman cultureC.Hebrew culureD.pagan culture您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation ofthe English language__.A.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;B.from a mixture of Greek and LatinC.from a mixture of Greek and LatinD.from a mixture of Hebrew and Latin您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.04．第4题It was ____who unified England for the first time.A.King Edward and his successorsB.King Arthur and his successorsC. King William and his successorsD.King Alfred and his successors您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was a document that __.A.really weakened the power of the churchB.really weakened the power of the kingC.spoke for the common peopleD.spoke for the nobles您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第16题The 20th-century scholars on myths pay closer attention to___.A.life and deathB.nature and cultureC.self and societyD.the content of the narratives您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第17题In the Renaissance, the ancient myths___.A.served as sources of inspiration for artistic creationB.enjoyed new colorsC.were more poeticD.became more imaginative您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第18题The continuity of the New Testament with the Old is best shown in ___.A.its teaching about GodB.its teaching about JesusC.its instruction by ChristD. its claim of Jesus as a unique revelation of God您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第19题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament?A.the kingdom of GodB.the human personsC.the Holy SpiritD.God您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.010．第20题In the 13th century, many schools _.A.were organized into universitiesB.gave way to universitiesC.were state-runD.were government-funded您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.011．第21题Romanesque style appeared_.A.earlier than Gothic styleter than Gothic styleC.higher and lighterD.more mysterious您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.012．第36题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes?A.They were immortalB.They retain power after death to influence the lives of the livingC.They were also mortalD.They had exceptional power您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.013．第37题Which of the following is not shared by Eve in Bible and Pandora in Greek myths?A.Being the first womanB.Being curiousC.Being put at the root of all evilD.Being turned from immortal to mortal您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.014．第38题In the search for the Golden Fleece to regain his throne, Jason ____.A.fought against the magic goddessB.married the daughter of the rulerC.fought against a dragon that never sleptD.fell in love with the daughter of the ruler您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.015．第39题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the Old Testament?A.the moral lawsB.the human personsC.the Holy SpiritD.God您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.016．第46题Greek myths reflect Greeks' exploration of the followings except___.A.social questionsB.the limits of honorC.the mysterious outer spaceD.mental contradictions and ambiguities您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.017．第47题According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world.A.PandoraB.ZeusC.ChaosD.Cronus您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.018．第48题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.A.lived about three centuries before Christ was bornB.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythologyC.introduced the names of Greek gods into Roman cultureD.introduced the functions of Greek gods into Roman culture您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.019．第49题Which of the following is Not true about Christianity in the 3rd century?A.Christianity reached EnglandB.The Bible remained in LatinC.The Bible was in the hands of the church;D.The Bible in English began to spread in England您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.020．第50题Black Death caused __.A.more harm in the countrysideB.no harm in the countryC.more harm in the citiesD.no harm in the cities您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.021．第6题In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.022．第7题The Old Testament is regarded as a book recording the past event of the Jewish people.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.023．第8题The Song of Solomon in the Old Testament is a tragic story.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.024．第9题The period of transformations of the Roman Empire into Middle Ages is often called the Late Antiquity.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.025．第10题The common features of the Byzantine, Islam and the west are depopulated cities, unproductive land and fragmented power.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.026．第11题Byzantium was defeated by the Persians.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.027．第12题According to the author of the apocalyptic writings, Evil powers would struggle against God.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.028．第13题The Protestant version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible only.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.029．第14题Renaissance began in Italy.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.030．第15题The Merovingians were infamous for being foreigners.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.031．第22题In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.032．第23题The book of Genesis is composed of many individual stories.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.033．第24题Recently, scholars argue for the Hebrew cultural influence on apocalyptic literature.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.034．第25题There are ten major spiritual standards in the Old Testament.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.035．第26题That you should not have sex with others beyond marriage is included in the spiritual standards of the Old Testament.您的答案：正确此题得分：2.036．第27题Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第28题The pope and the Byzantine church shared the same interpretationof Christianity.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.038．第29题The Russians by no means adopted Byzantine customs.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.039．第30题People in the early Middle Ages by no means cared about local leaders.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.040．第31题The thinking of the Renaissance participants was also influenced by the idea of freedom and equality, which emphasizes the worth of the individual.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.041．第32题There were schools and universities located in city cathedrals in the Central Middle Ages.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.042．第33题The West featured unproductive land.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.043．第34题According to the Old Testament, death is a cruel reality.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.044．第35题In the development of the Old Testament all the books came into being after oral traditions.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第40题That different from other creatures, man is a unity of physical matter and life is one of the major theological themes of the Old Testament.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.046．第41题The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.047．第42题In the transformations of the Roman Empire into Middle Ages political and religious change occurred at the same time.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第43题Belief in the harmony between spiritual and worldly things is true of Byzantium, Islam, and the West.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第44题The pope & the Byzantine church began their conflict in AD 1054.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第45题People in the Renaissance thought the time of Middle ages was more advanced than their own time.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0作业总得分：94.0作业总批注：。

秋华师网院在线作业欧洲文化入门古代

became the hegemony in the Mediterranean region.
gains for all Romans
conflicts and slave uprisings
political power for military commanders
您的答案：B
题目分数：
此题得分：
the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.
was not the official religion of the Roman Empire until the 4th century.
spread in the cities of the empire, first in the east and later in the west.
ancient Greece, the main religious ceremony took place inside the temple.
also played an important part in the Greek religion and beliefs.
您的答案：C
题目分数：
此题得分：
您的答案：D
题目分数：
此题得分：
20．第27题
Which description of Spartan women is incorrect?
enjoyed more political rights and domestic freedom that the rest of the Greek world.
believed that reason is the key to solution of social problems.

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1．第1题Which one of the following statements about the condition of the Jews during the Roman time was NOT true?A.In 64B.C. Pompey conquered Judea and turned it into a Roman province.B.The Jews had to pay heavy tax, but they enjoyed limited self-rule.C.Faced with Roman persecution, the Jews had to worship the Roman emperors as gods.D.The Jewish people hoped for salvation led by a prophet.您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.52．第2题Which one of the following statements was NOT a factor that brought about the agricultural growth during the Central Middle Ages?A.The climate improved and the temperature was higher.B.More lands were under cultivated.C.Farming technology improved greatly.D.The food price dropped drastically.您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.53．第3题Which of the following reform measures resulted in the moral decline of the Romans?A.limiting the amount of land owned by individual citizensB.selling grain at a low price to citizensC.distributing public land to landless citizensD.cutting down land taxes or rent您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.04．第4题The Roman Empire reached it largest territorial extent during the reign of _____.A.Julius Caesar (46-44B.C.)B.Octavian(27 B.C.-14 A.D.)C.Trajan (98-117 A.D.)D.Constantine the Great (306-337 A.D.)您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.05．第5题Starting from the reign of which Roman emperor such jobs as bakery and military service became hereditary?A.OctavianB.DiocletianC.ConstantineD.Theodosius您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.06．第6题Which of the following is NOT true about Emperor Constantine the Great?A.He concentrated power in his own hands.B.He made Christianity the state religion.C.He abandoned Rome as the imperial capital.D.He tolerated all religions in the Roman Empire. 您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.07．第7题The gladiator show indicated Romans’ love for _____.A.adventureB.funC.violenceD.entertainment您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.08．第8题Which Hellenistic kingdom ruled Egypt and parts of the Middle East?A.Ptolemaic KingdomB.Antigonid KingdomC.Seleucid KingdomD.Pergamum Kingdom您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.09．第9题The Italian Renaissance scholars did all the following things except for ____.A.reviving many classical texts forgotten or lost for a long time.B.spreading the knowledge beyond the small circle of scholars.C.refusing to accept religious teaching or read religious works.D.paying more attention to man’s world and life on earth.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.010．第10题Who was not one of the three masters of the High Renaissance art?A.Leonardo da VinciB.RaphaelC.El GrecoD.Michelangelo您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.011．第11题1066 marked the__A.defeat of the VikingsB.Norman Conquest of EnglandC.death of William ID.death of Alfred the Great您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.012．第12题What were the three forms of vernacular Literature for nobles?A.epic poetry, romance poetry and dramasB.fabliaux, fables and romance poetryC.lyric poetry, epic poetry and romance poetryD.fabliaux, fables and dramas您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.013．第13题In the year of ____, Constantine the Great issued Edit of Milan which officially made Christianity legal.A.311B.313C.324D.380您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.014．第14题In the year _____ Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire.A.311B.313C.324D.380您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.015．第15题Christians considered pagan gods_____.A.as demonsB.as humansC.incredibleD.supernatural您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.016．第16题Who was regarded as the “father of oil painting”?A.MasaccioB.BotticelliC.Albrecht D黵erD.Jan van Eyck您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.017．第17题The Roman Republic was founded in _____.A.509B.C.B.471 B.C.C.445 B.C.D.367 B.C.您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.018．第18题Which one of the following was NOT a member of the First Triumvirate?A.CrassusB.SullaC.PompeyD.Caesar您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.019．第19题Which one of the following architectural constructions was not typical Roman?A.domeB.vaultC.archD.column您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.020．第20题In the first Greco-Persian War, Greek army defeated the Persian forces and won a smashing victory in the battle of ____.A.ThermopylaeB.MarathonC.SalamisD.Plataea您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.021．第21题What is the Central Middle Ages also called?A.“Age of Art”B.“Age of History”C.“Age of Faith”D.“ Age of Science”您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.022．第22题Luther called on the German princes to reject the foreign pope’s authority and establish a reformed German church in _____________.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.023．第23题Luther further explained his doctrine of faith and justification in ______________.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.024．第24题The reasons for Henry’s reform in England were mainly ________.A.religiousB.personalC.politicalD.both B and C您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.025．第25题Three of the following statements are true with the Council of Trent. Which one is the exception?A.It was first a religious meeting called to win back the Protestants.B.It condemned the scandals arising from the sale of indulgences.C.It insisted on Catholic tradition as the mere source of authority.D.It marks the beginning of the history of modern Catholic Church.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.026．第36题Which of the following statements about ancient Greek sculpture is NOT true?A.The beauty of human form was the most important subject.B.The archaic Greek artists created two sculptural human forms, the kouros and kore.C.The classical Greek sculptors represented human body less naturally or relaxed.D.The Hellenistic Greek sculptors liked to represent extreme emotions in the human face and figure.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.027．第37题Which is not one of the things that the Viscontis, the Sforzas and the Medicis had in common?A.Theywere wealthy and powerful families in Italy.B.Theywere rulers of Milan during the Renaissance.C.They ordered the construction of great architectures.D.Theywere generous patrons of artists and intellectuals.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.028．第38题Which is the key feature of the Mannerism of the Late Renaissance art?A.the invention of new artistic techniquesB.the imitation of Greek and Roman stylesC.the representation of idealized human figuresD.the use of intense colors, strange themes and twisted figures.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.029．第39题All the following statements about the Scholasticism are true, EXCEPTA.Some scholars tried in vain to forbid the study and teaching of Aristotle’s thoughtB.Some argued that reason alone could lead to truthC.Some argued that ultimate truth could not be discovered by reason, but was revealed to human by God in His mystical waysD.The most fruitful achievement was the attempt to harmonize faith and reason by the leading scholar St. Augustine您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.030．第40题Which of the following was NOT true about the early Christians?A.They defied the Roman political authoritiesB.They accepted the idea that emperors were divine.C.They banned paganismD.They suffered religious persecution您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.031．第41题Which of the following statements about the development of science in the Central Middle Ages is NOT true?A.Translation of Greek and Arabic scientific works gave new impetus to the study of science.B.Arabic numbers were introduced by Italian mathematician Leonardo de Pisa.C.RobertGrosseteste, Roger Bacon and others made Cambridge University the center of scientific studies during the thirteenth century.D.Bacon wrote three important books, Great Work, Small Work and Third Work.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.032．第42题The second founding father of Christianity was _____.A.St. PeterB.St. PaulC.St. AthanasiusD.St. Augustine您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.033．第43题Which one is not the main characteristic of Shakespeare as a Renaissance man?A.His interest in classical cultureB.His belief in humanismC.His support of individualismD.His consciousness of national identity您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.034．第44题In terms of science, what was the significant shift in thinking during the Renaissance Age?A.the inclusion of science in the educational programB.the emphasis on how things happened in natureC.the development of new scientific methodsD.the acceptance of heliocentric theory您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.035．第45题Olive trees and grapevine were introduced into Italy by ______.A.EtruscansB.GreekstinsD.Egyptians您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.036．第61题Which description of the Age of Renaissance is correct?A.The Renaissance happened right after the Late Middle Ages in time.B.The Renaissance reached a peak at the end of the sixteenth century.C.The Renaissance began as a literary movement.D.The Renaissance was opposed to humanism.您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.537．第62题Three of the following statements are true with the early experience of Christianity. Which one is the exception?A.Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.B.Christianity was not the official religion of the Roman Empire until the 4th century.C.Christianity spread in the cities of the empire, first in the east and later in the west.D.It was Constantine’s toleration for all religions that brought new life to Christianity.您的答案：B题目分数：1.5此题得分：0.038．第63题The following descriptions of the Mycenaean culture are true EXCEPT for ____.A.TheMycenaeans were the first people known to have spoken Greek.B.TheMycenaeans regarded the Minoans as their potential enemies.C.The Mycenaean raid on Crete was recorded in Homer’s epics.D.The Mycenaean era is also called the “Ag e of Heroes”.您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.539．第64题Compared with Italian Renaissance, Northern Renaissance had the following distinctive features except for ______.A.strong national flavorB.great religious concernC.influence of classicismD.belief in Christian humanism您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.540．第65题Which one of the Roman Emperors resembles the “philosopher king” praised by Plato?A.Trajan (r. 98-117 A.D.)B.Hadrian (r. 117-138 A.D.)C.Antoninus Pius (r. 138-161 A.D.)D.Marcus Aurelius (r. 161-180 A.D.)您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.041．第66题Which description of Spartan women is incorrect?A.They enjoyed more political rights and domestic freedom that the rest of the Greek world.B.They received physical training instead of literacy education.C.They could inherit property.D.They usually got married at 18.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.042．第67题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was significant in that it __.A.really weakened the power of the churchB.spoke for the common peopleC.really weakened the power of the kingD.spoke for the nobles您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.043．第68题Constantine the Great declared __.A.Christianity as the only religionB.toleration for all religionsC.the end of Imperial CultD.paganism illegal您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.044．第69题Luther attacked the belief that the sacramental system was the only means to salvation and called for the reform of monasticism in________________.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.045．第70题Luther made the first attempt to draw attention to the corruption of the Church in _______.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.046．第71题Three of the following statements are true with the Catholic Counter-Reformation. Which one is the exception?A.It was in nature a reaction to Protestantism.B.It was the result of Catholic self-criticism.C.It resulted from the Protestant Reformation.D.It resulted from a Church-wide call for reform.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.047．第72题Three of the following statements are true with the Jesuits. Which one is the exception?A.Theywere highly respected for their learning and the purity of their lives.B.They became the principal university teachers in all European countries.C.They helped to stop the spread of Lutheranism into south Germany.D.They helped to spread Catholicism to the countries beyond Europe.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.048．第80题Which of the following statements about the Crusades is NOT true?A.On the way to the Holy Land, a crusader wore the white cross on his outfitB.The Crusades increased the power of the Papacy and the wealth of the ChurchC.The Crusades strengthened the power of national monarchies and undermined feudalismD.The Crusades set the first example of European expansionism题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.549．第99题All of the following statements about slavery in Roman society are true EXCEPT____.A.Wars provided the Romans with many new slaves.B.Slavery was a highly productive economic system.C.The offspring of slaves would automatically be slaves.D.Like in Sparta, slaves in Rome were public goods.您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.550．第100题The most immediate effect of the Reformation was ___________________.A.the increase in the power of princes and kingsB.the more and more secularized western EuropeC.the outburst of fighting among religious groupsD.the more emphasis on the value of the individual您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.551．第26题Lyric is a poetic form so called because it was originally sung by individuals or a chorus accompanied by a musical instrument called the lyre.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.052．第27题Martin Luther first expressed his idea of reforming the Church by criticizing the sale of indulgences.题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.053．第28题All city-states of northern Italy belonged to the Holy Roman Empire during the Renaissance.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.054．第29题During the Renaissance, many Italian scholars began to learn Greek because they wanted to translate Latin works into Greek.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.055．第30题It was the Romans who created the name “Africa” after they conquered the Carthage Empire.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.056．第31题Universities served only a limited sector of the medieval population, only for men and the wealthy; women and the poor were kept out of education.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.057．第32题Medieval fables are regarded as forerunners of the modern short story.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.058．第33题After Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century, all other religious beliefs disappeared.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.059．第34题Athenian magistrate Solon devised the Council of 500 as a check to the power of the nobles.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.060．第35题Christian Humanism helped pave the way for the Protestant Reformation.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.061．第46题To allow a person to buy God’s forgiveness and ransom his way out of hell, the Church developed the sale of indulgences.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.062．第47题During the 12th and 13th centuries, Romanesque style gradually took the place of Gothic style in architecture.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.063．第48题The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreignreligions.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.064．第49题During the Renaissance, all scholars and artists abandoned medieval qualities and embraced modern values over night.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.065．第50题Dante was the first Italian writer to compose in his native language rather than in Latin.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.066．第51题Out of great respect for traditions, the Romans were reluctant to make reforms.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.067．第52题The Laws of the Twelve Tables was the first written law in Rome.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.068．第53题Octavian kept the republican system in name in order to gain support.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.069．第54题During the period of the Five Good Emperors, smooth hereditary succession guaranteed political stability.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.070．第55题Although people from different regions in the Roman Empire spoke different mother tongues, they could always communicate with strangers either in Latin or in Greek, the official languages of the Empire.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.071．第56题The Roman government offered free food to the poor people to achieve greater harmony.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.072．第57题The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.您的答案：错误题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.573．第58题The Greek city-states varied greatly in their governmental structures.您的答案：错误题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.574．第59题It was only in the 16th century that the Churchof Rome’s monopoly began to meet the challenge for religious reform.您的答案：错误题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.575．第60题Reading of the Bible and his theological teaching made clearer Luther’s idea about the malpractices of the Church.您的答案：正确题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.576．第73题By the 15th century the Pope had become powerful in both the secular life of the Europeans as well as in their religious life.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.077．第74题The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V helped the Pope in the movement of Catholic Counter-Reformation.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.078．第75题The Northern Renaissance is the term used to describe the Renaissance in northern Europe, or more broadly in Europe outside Italy.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.079．第76题MarsilioFicino, the first man to translate Plato’s complete works from Greek into Latin, was known as a Neo-Platonist.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.080．第77题All classes in universities were taught in Latin and mostly by a lecture method.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.081．第78题Romance combined features of both vernacular epic and vernacular lyric.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.082．第79题Earlier Christian leaders all agreed that the gospel was intended for Jews and non-Jews as well to hear.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.083．第81题In the Middle Ages, Christians in Western Europe only needed to pay one tenth of their annual income to the Church of Rome.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.084．第82题According to Luther, the Bible was the only source of political and religious authority.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.085．第83题In his incomplete Summa of Theology, Thomas Aquinas sought to reconcile systematically Christian doctrine and Greek philosophy.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.086．第84题Like the Jews, the Christians rejected the Greco-Roman gods and the Cult of the Living Emperors.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.087．第85题The word “tyranny” was just as derogative in ancient Greece as today.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.088．第86题According to Aristotle, Form (or Idea) exists as a higher reality than the material world.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.089．第87题“Middle English” was the national language of the England during the Early Middle Ages.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.090．第88题In the Roman Republic, citizenship was determined by blood only. In other words, only when both parents were native Romans could a person becomeRoman citizen.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.091．第89题The institution of the senate in the Roman Republic could be traced to the Etruscan tradition.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.092．第90题Officers in the Roman Republic were produced by drawing lots.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.093．第91题The Americans learnt from the ancient Rome in creating their federal government.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.094．第92题Ptolemy’s geocentric theory remained very popular in Europe for centuries.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.095．第93题In the Roman Empire, a foreign soldier could earn citizenship through his military service.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.096．第94题Roman state financed gladiator shows to make people forget social and economic problems.您的答案：正确题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.597．第95题Mount Olympus is the highest point in Greece and home of the mythical Greek gods. ？您的答案：正确题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.598．第96题Among the Olympian gods, Zeus was the chief deity and he was mainly worshipped at Olympia.您的答案：正确题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.599．第97题The sales of Church offices led to low religious and personal standards of the clergymen.您的答案：正确题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5100．第98题Due to the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation, the Church of Rome lost its authority to settle all disputes among Christians.您的答案：正确题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.5作业总得分：92.5作业总批注：。