澳洲大学石油工程讲座60-0125-basics of natural gas and natural gas liquids
中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课 (10)
11.A Handful[n.一把；少数] of History. 扑克-手中的历史.1. The next time you do a card trick（把戏）-remember this. You’re playing with history. The playing cards we use today are much like those used for hundreds of years. The most interesting things are the suits and face cards. A "suit" of a playing card is not a thing to be worn（wear）. It means Hearts, Spades[(spade):n.铲,铁锹], Diamonds[(diamond):n.钻石；金刚石]or Clubs. The figures[(figure):n.数字]are placed on each card with the number or value[n.价值；益处]of the card. The face cards are the Jacks, Queens, Kings, and, of course, the Jokers[(joker):n.爱开玩笑的人].1、当你下一次玩扑克的时候，要记住这些。
你正在与历史进行游戏。
今天我们用的扑克，几乎与数百年前的扑克相差无几。
最有意思的东西是扑克里的“套”和“脸牌”。
扑克中的“套”不是什么可以穿的东西。
它意味着红心、黑桃、红方块、或者梅花。
牌面的数标志着牌的顺序或价值。
带脸的牌是杰克、皇后、国王、当然还有鬼。
分析：next time下次；used 引导的过去分词短语修饰those; hundreds of years 数百年；单词：trick=把戏； figure=数字； value=价值；2. What do you think the suits stand for? Let's take the Hearts first. When you say that an athlete[n.田径运动员]has a lot of heart, what do you mean? You mean that he is brave. So, you see, the King of Hearts is a "brave[adj.勇敢的] king".2、你认为“套”代表什么意思？让我们先看红心。
2013年国内外重要地质会议目录汇编
ASEG 2013-23rd ASEG Conference andExhibition(23rd InternationalGeophysical Conference & Exhibition )2013年澳大利亚Diggers and Dealers Conference 20132013-8-11至8-15澳大利亚XII International Platinum Symposium2014-8-11至8-14俄罗斯12nd SGA Biennial meeting2013-8-12至8-15瑞典15th International Clay Conference2013-7-7至7-13巴西Twenty-third (2013) InternationalOffshore and Polar EngineeringConference2013-7-7至7-11美国26th International AppliedGeochemistry Symposium 2013Incorporating the 35th New ZealandGeothermal Workshop2013-11-18至11-21新西兰26th World Gas Conference2015-6-1至6-5法国PERUMIN-31th MiningConvention/EXTEMIN 2013（PERUMIN 31Convencion Minera)2013-9-16至9-20秘鲁7th International Conference on CaseHistories in Geotechnical Engineeringand Symposium in Honor of ClydeBaker.2013-4-29至5-4美国3rd International Symposium onProcess Mineralogy (ProcessMineralogy '14),2014-11-17至11-19南非15th Annual Conference of theInternational Association forMathematical Geosciences2013-9-2至9-6西班牙International PaleontologicalCongress 2014（IPC4）5th International Conference onMedical Geology:the NaturalEnvironment & Health: Hidden Dangers,2013-8-25至8-29美国ASCE Geo-Congress 20132013-3-3至3-6美国2013 SEG Annual Meeting(83rd SEGAnnual Meeting)2013-9-23至9-27美国AAPG 2013 Annual Convention &Exhibition2013-5-19至5-22美国Investing in African Mining Indaba20132013-2-4至2-7南非( ICGG-12 ）International Conference of Gas Geochemistry 20132013-9-1至9-7希腊2014-9-28至10-3阿根廷50th Annual Meeting of the ClayMinerals Society2013-10-6至10-10美国2013 3rd International Conference onEnviroment Science and Engineering(ICESE 2012)2013-4-21至4-22北京2013 international conference onMechinery, Materials Science andEnergy Engineering2013-5-18至5-19荆州2013 2nd International Conference onGeological and Environmental Sciences(ICGES 2013)2013-7-6至7-7香港2013 Taiwan Geosciences Assembly2013-5-13至5-17台北International Conference on EarthScience and Environmental Protection(ICESEP 2013)2013-10-18日至10-20昆明The 13th International Conference onFracture2013-6-16至6-21北京8th International Conference on GasHydrates2014年北京2nd International Conference onPetroleum Industry and Energy(ICPIE-2013）2013-3-17至3-18澳门3rd ISRM Symposium on Rock Mechanics“Rock Characterization, Modellingand Engineering Design Methods”2013-6-18至6-20上海35th IAHR World Congress2013-9-8至9-13成都2013 China International TrenchlessTechnology Conference & Exhibition2013-4-19至4-21苏州4th International Symposium onGeotechnical Safety and Risk (4thISGSR)2013-12-4至12-6香港GeoEngChina 20132013年11月上旬杭州5th International Exhibition on Geological & Mining Technology, Machinery and InstrumentsBeijing,China -CHINA GEO-TECH 20132013-9-10至9-12北京2013 China- ASEAN Mining CooporationFourm2013-5-10至5-12南宁。
油气开发地质学知到章节答案智慧树2023年中国地质大学(武汉)
油气开发地质学知到章节测试答案智慧树2023年最新中国地质大学（武汉）绪论单元测试1.美国正式出版的《石油开发地质学》在1979年由塔尔萨大学的---完成的？（）参考答案:P.A.迪基2.Geological development of the study is（）参考答案:Static and dynamic reservoir第一章测试1.油气田开发地质工作的核心任务是在油藏管理的全过程中，正确描述油藏开发地质特征。
（）参考答案:对2.油藏的边界条件特指：（）参考答案:底水;非渗透性岩性圈闭;气顶3.The recommendation of oil and gas reservoir geological classification at yourChinese book is （）参考答案:according to geometry and boundary conditions;based on reservoircharacteristics and flow;by the fluid nature4.Coal, oil and natural gas all form from the decomposition of organic matter.（）参考答案:对5.流体性质主要包括（）参考答案:密度、粘度、凝固点及烃类、非烃类组分6.裂缝性储集层指天然存在的裂缝对储层内流体流动具有重要影响或据预测具有重要影响的储集层。
（）参考答案:对7.油气田开发是一个系统工程，在油气田开发总体系统工程中，开发地质是中心环节，它涉及到油气田开发的全过程，是油田开发的灵魂。
（）参考答案:对8.油气开发地质学的研究内容广泛，研究方法也具有多样性，主要包括：（）实验方法;油藏工程法;地球物理法;数学、人工智能及计算机等方法9.石油是一种成分十分复杂的液态混合物，主要成分包括：（）参考答案:非烃化合物;少量氧、氧、硫、氮等微量元素;烃类化合物10.石油具有极高的电阻率，是一种非导体。
中石油职称英语考试2013版《通用选读》60课全 石油人编辑汇总
中石油职称英语考试2013版通用选读目录1.The Value of Time 时间的价值 (3)2.English is a Crazy Language 英语是一门疯狂的语言 (5)3.All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的... (6)4.How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判（新） (8)work Security 网络安全 (10)6.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料 (12)7.Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself 无人驾驶汽车 (13)8.Our Family Creed 家族的信条 (15)9.The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术 (17)10.Sweep a Fuel Craft Invest Fever 清洁能源行业投资热潮 (19)11.Smoking and Cancer 吸烟和癌 (20)12.The Positive Meanings of Love 爱的真谛 (22)13.Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits?运动有奇效吗? (25)14..Taking chances,Making chances 抓住机遇，制造机遇 (27)15.The Province of Alberta 阿尔伯达省 (30)16.The American Way: Family 美国人的家庭观 (31)puters Give Big Boosts to Productivity计算机技术极大提高生产效率 (33)18.The Principles of International Trade国际贸易原理 (35)19.A World without Oil 假如世界没有石油 (37)20.The Germanic Languages日耳曼语系 (39)21.How Americans Eat and Drink 美国人的饮食 (41)22.The Delights of South Island 南岛之乐 (43)23.A Sandpiper to Bring You Joy 矶鹞带来快乐 (45)24.An Introduction to Distillation 蒸馏概述 (49)25. Hints to Improve Spoken English 提高英语口语须知 (52)26.The Moon-Riddle from the Past月球-来自远古之谜 (54)27.The Delight of Books 书之乐趣 (56)28.The Magic of Energy 能的魔力 (58)29.How to Reduce Employee Turnover如何减少员工流失 (60)30. That "Other Woman" in My Life 我生命中的“另一个女人” (63)31.Geography of USA 美国地理概况 (65)32. The Old Man and the Sea (Excerpt) 参考译文：老人与海(节选) (68)33.Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences 石油地质学与其它科学 (70)34.What Do Parents Owe Their Children 父母欠子女什么？ (73)35.Trends for 21st Century21世纪的趋势 (75)36.You Bet Your Life 以命相赌 (78)37.Radiation and Human Health辐射与人体健康 (80)38.To Be Content with One's Lot乐天知命 (83)39.I Didn't Know How to Teach Until I Met You 直到遇到你我才知道怎么教学 (86)40.An Introduction to Petrochemicals 石油化工产品概述 (89)41.The Subject of Smiling微笑问题 (91)42.A $210,000 WALLET1 价值21万美元的钱包 (94)43.What's Your Best Time of Day?何时是你一天中最佳的时间？ (97)44.Fundamental Techniques in Handling People 处理人际关系的基本技巧 (101)45.Happiness Index幸福指数 (104)46.Becoming Wealthy:It's Up to You 致富取决于你自己 (107)47.Oil 油 (110)48.Ocean Plant Life in Decline海洋植物数量锐减 (112)49.Cultural Taboos文化禁忌 (115)50.Managing In a Global Environment 在全球环境中进行管理 (117)51.Not Quite Ready to Retire1 退休为时尚早 (120)52.Sales Promotion 产品促销 (124)53.Another Happiness 另一种快乐 (126)54.Why To Mark a Book 为什么在书上做标记 (129)55.Earth's Last Frontier:The Sea 海洋，地球最后的待开发疆域 (132)56.Why Antarctica Is Being Explored 为什么要勘探南极洲 (135)57.Listening Faults 聆听的误区 (139)58.Your Are What You Think 你认为自己是什么样的人，就是什么样的人 (143)59.The Audacity of Hope 有希望则无所畏惧 (147)60.Future of Energy能源的未来 (151)1.The Value of Time 时间的价值1."Time" says the proverb "is money". This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed, it will either produce some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time.1、谚语说：“时间就是金钱。
专业英语石油工程概论(郭富凤)
In a seismic survey, the geophysical (地球物理的） contractor’s crew lays out a line or several lines of sensitive receivers（检波器）, called geophones or jugs（地 震检波器）, on the ground. Then explosions（爆炸） or mechanical vibrations（机械 振动） are created on the surface. The geophones record the energy reflected back as seismic waves from rock layers at various depths.
Upstream sector: more than 1000 exploration and production companies （勘探与生产公司）as well as hundreds of associated business such as seismic （地震）and drilling contractors（钻井承 包商）, service rig （修井机）operators, engineering firms and various scientific, technical, service and supply companies. Midstream sector: oil and gas pipeline systems that connect producing and consuming areas. Other facilities extract sulphur （硫） and natural gas liquids（液化天然气）,store oil and gas products and transport products by truck, rail or tanker. Downstream sector: refineries, gas distribution utilities, oil product wholesalers（批发商），service stations and petrochemical companies.
分布式光伏在油田单井的应用
集团公司实施绿色低碳发展战略，将新能源业务纳入主营业务发展，并制定了“清洁替代、战略接替、绿色转型”三步走总体部署，明确提出要实现“碳达峰”、实现“近零”排放，为此制定了关键时间节点发展目标。
在“十四五”期间，集团公司明确提出规模化发展分布式风电和光伏发电、集中式风光气电融合等业务。
分布式光伏电站特指采用光伏组件，将太阳能直接转换为电能的分布式光伏电站系统。
塔里木油田拥有广阔的以沙漠、戈壁、荒漠地貌为主的矿权区域，矿区范围内太阳能资源均在“B 级”以上，优质的光资源适合发展以光发电为主的新能源项目。
单井用电负荷低，空地大可以满足光伏建设，分布式光伏建设后能有效提升绿电占比，大大降低了碳排放，提高了生产效率，降低了供电成本。
1项目背景和意义1.1项目背景集团公司积极落实国家战略部署，将绿色新能源、炼化销售和新材料、支持和服务、资本和金融分布式光伏在油田单井的应用杨萌赵庆文向欢张平李丽娜曾海刚（中国石油天然气股份有限公司塔里木油田分公司）摘要：塔里木油田按照集团公司清洁替代、战略接替和绿色转型的发展战略要求，利用油井现有土地资源和矿区范围内太阳能资源均在“B 级”以上的自然禀赋，积极建设油井分布式光伏。
通过现场调研和实际情况核算，合理制定光伏发电系统配置原则及要求，保障电网稳定和安全。
油井低压搭接分布式光伏，自发自用，能最大限度保证光伏发电利用效率，减少传输损耗。
分布式光伏作为油田集中式光伏电站的有益补充，将有效提升油田新能源发电占比，减少碳排放量，同时取得较为理想的收益率。
关键词：分布式；光伏发电；减碳DOI :10.3969/j.issn.2095-1493.2023.05.005Application of distributed photovoltaic in the single well of oilfieldYANG Meng，ZHAO Qingwen，XIANG Huan，ZHANG Ping，LI Lina，ZENG Haigang Tarim Oilfield Company，CNPCAbstract：In accordance with the strategic requirements of the Group's clean substitution，strategic succession and green transformation，Tarim oilfield actively builds oil well distributed photovoltaics by utilizing the natural endowments of the existing land resources of oil wells and the solar energy resources within the mining area above the “B level”.Through on-site investigation and actual situation ac-counting，the principles and requirements of photovoltaic power generation system configuration are reasonably formulated to ensure the stability and safety of the power grid.The low-voltage of oil well is connected to distributed photovoltaic for self-generation and self-consumption，which can maximize the utilization efficiency of photovoltaic power generation and reduce transmission loss.The distributed photovoltaics，as a useful supplement to oilfield centralized photovoltaic power stations，will effectively increase the proportion of new energy power generation in oilfields，reduce carbon emissions，and achieve a more ideal rate of return.Keywords：distributed；photovoltaic power generation；carbon reduction 第一作者简介：杨萌，工程师，2013年毕业于中国石油大学（华东）（热能与动力工程专业），从事油田电网运维及新能源，151****7411，****************，新疆库尔勒石化大道中国石油塔里木油田油气生产技术部，841000。
中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课（20）
中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课（20）第一篇：中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课 (20)1.The need for effective[adj.有效的] public speaking will almost certainly touch you sometime[adv.将来某个时候,过去某个时间] in your life.When it does, you want to be ready.But even if you never give another speech in your life, you still have much to gain from studying public speaking.Your speech class will give you training in researching topics, organizing[(organize):vt.组织] your ideas, and presenting yourself skillfully[技巧的].The training is invaluable[munication[n.交流，交际].非常宝贵的] for every type of1、在你生活的某个时刻，几乎必定需要做某种有影响力的公开演讲。
当这个时刻来到时，你希望自己十分有把握。
但是，即便你从未发表过一个演讲，你仍然会从学习公共演说中获益良多。
你的演讲课将会在研究主题、组织思路、和表现技巧方面对你进行训练。
这种训练对任何类型的交流都是非常宝贵的。
分析：；effective有效地，efficient效率高的；sometime某个时候，some time 一些时间，sometimes有时候，some times一些次数； even if =即使； present V.介绍，赠给，展现，a.出席的，到场的；invaluable=priceless 无价的，非常宝贵的，valueless=worthless没有价值的；2.There are many similarities[(similarity):n.相似,类似] between public speaking and daily conversation[n.谈话；交谈].The three major[a.主要的] goals of speaking-to inform[vt.传达], to persuade[vt.说服；to entertain[娱乐]-are also the three major 劝说], goals of everyday conversation.In conversation, almost without thinking about it, you employ[vt.使用] a wide range[n.一系列] of skills[(skill):n.技能；技巧].You organize[vt.组织] your ideas logically[符合逻辑的].You tailor[vt.修改] your message to youraudience[n.听众].You tell a story for maximum[最大量(的)] impact[n.You adapt[v.使适应,使适合]影响].to feedback[n.回授,反馈] from your listener.These are among the most important skills[(skill):n.技能；技巧] you will need for public speaking.2、在公开演讲和日常交谈之间有许多类似的东西。
碳酸溶蚀对致密砂岩储层流动特征的影响——以鄂尔多斯盆地长6致密砂岩为例
大庆石油地质与开发Petroleum Geology ＆ Oilfield Development in Daqing2023 年 4 月第 42 卷第 2 期Apr. ，2023Vol. 42 No. 2DOI ：10.19597/J.ISSN.1000-3754.202110031碳酸溶蚀对致密砂岩储层流动特征的影响——以鄂尔多斯盆地长6致密砂岩为例任岚1 于志豪1 赵金洲1 林然1 吴建发2 宋毅2 谢孟珂3（1.西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室，四川 成都610500；2.中国石油西南油气田公司页岩气研究院，四川 成都610056；3.中国石油西南油气田公司蜀南气矿，四川 成都610051）摘要： CO 2吞吐是一种提高致密油藏采收率的有效方法，然而由于注入的CO 2与地层水接触形成的碳酸与岩石矿物发生了溶蚀作用，从而改变了储层的流动特性。
为了探讨碳酸溶蚀对储层流动特征的影响，以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长6段野外露头致密砂岩为研究对象，开展了岩心流动实验，通过测量CO 2在地层水中的溶解度，对比了碳酸溶蚀前后致密砂岩的孔隙度、可动孔喉下限、液相渗透率、矿物组成和微观形貌。
结果表明：溶蚀作用提高了孔隙度和液相渗透率，使流体流动能力增强；溶蚀后致密砂岩的可动孔喉下限减小，降低了束缚水饱和度；方解石、白云石和长石是主要的溶蚀矿物，溶蚀后岩心的溶蚀孔明显增多；压力越大CO 2在地层水中的溶解度越大，碳酸的酸性越强，矿物溶蚀程度越大；温度越高，溶蚀作用越弱。
研究成果明确了碳酸溶蚀作用对致密砂岩储层流动特征的影响规律，为致密油藏CO 2吞吐技术应用提供借鉴。
关键词：致密砂岩；CO 2；溶蚀作用；孔隙度；可动孔喉下限；液相渗透率中图分类号：TE34 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-3754（2023）02-0050-09Impact of carbonic acid dissolution on flow characteristics of tight sand⁃stone reservoir: Taking Chang 6 tight sandstone inOrdos Basin as an exampleREN Lan 1，YU Zhihao 1，ZHAO Jinzhou 1，LIN Ran 1，WU Jianfa 2，SONG Yi 2，XIE Mengke 3（1.State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation ，Southwest Petroleum University ，Chengdu 610500，China ；2.Shale Gas Research Institute of PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company ，Chengdu 610056，China ；3.Southern Sichuan Gas District of PetroChina SouthwestOil & Gas Field Company ，Chengdu 610051，China ）Abstract ：CO 2 huff -and -puff is an effective method to improve recovery of tight oil reservoirs. However ， carbonic acid formed by the contacting between injected CO 2 and formation water dissolves with rock minerals ， changing the flow characteristics of tight reservoirs. In order to study inpact of carbonic acid dissolution on reservoir flow charac⁃收稿日期：2021-10-19 改回日期：2022-05-28基金项目：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“基于DEM -LBM 流固耦合的深层页岩气水力裂缝长效支撑理论与方法研究”（52104039）；中国石油−西南石油大学创新联合体科技合作项目“多层叠置页岩储层地质力学参数场预测及缝网创建理论与优化技术”（2020CX030201）。
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Definitions
• Sweet Gas: Natural gas containing no appreciable proportions of acid gas. • Acid Gas: Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Dioxide. • Natural Gasoline: Usually the heaviest product of a gasoline plant. • MMcf and Mcf: One million and one thousand cubic feet of gas, respectively.
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Definitions
• Standard Cubic Foot: A measure of a quantity of gas, as determined to exist when specified standards of temperature and pressure are applied, usually 14.7 psia and 60°F. • GPM: Gallons/thousand. That portion of 1000 cu.ft. of a gas composed of either a single liquifiable product, or all liquifiable products combined, expressed as an equivalent liquid volume in gallons. • RVP: Reid vapor pressure. A quality standard for liquid products. Rike Service, Inc.
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Other hydrocarbon series found in natural gasbons in natural gas streams: • Water, the universal impurity. Necessary to hydrate formation and most corrosion. Removal by adsorption or absorption. • Sulfur compounds, including mercaptans (HS-CH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon sulfide (R-S-R), carbonyl disulfide (R-S-S-R). Concentrations of 40% H2S are known. A number of processes available to strip sulfur from the natural gas stream. The most attractive processes economically yield elemental sulfur or salable sulfur compounds.
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There are several isomers (i-C6) of hexane, all C6H14 like normal hexane. This particular isomer is 2Methylpentane. The paraffin series hydrocarbons are not chemically very reactive.
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Definitions
• Condensate: Liquid hydrocarbons which condense from gas streams without processing. • Full Well Stream: Total production from a well, both gas and liquids, as it leaves the wellhead. • Sour Gas: Natural gas containing appreciable proportions of acid gas.
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Laws
Natural gas and natural gas liquids behave in predictable fashion, in accordance with natural laws. Boyle’s Law: If temperature of a body of gas is held constant and volume is changed, absolute pressure varies inversely as the volume: P1V1 = P2V2 = M (a constant) (with T constant)
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The branched versions of the normal paraffins are called isomers, i.e., methyl or alkyl radicals are attached at points other than the end of the chain:
V1/T1 = V2/T2 = N (a constant) (with P constant)
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Avagadro’s Law: The same number of molecules of any gas occupies the same space if at the same pressure and temperature. Mol volume is that volume occupied by molecules of 1 pound mol of gas, and is 379.5 cubic feet at 60°F and 14.7 psia. That volume will contain 2.75 x 1026 molecules of any gas.
BASICS OF NATURAL GAS AND NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS
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p = PTy = Px
Where: p PT y P = = = = partial pressure total pressure mole fraction in vapor phase vapor pressure at solution temperature mole fraction in liquid phase Rike Service, Inc.
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Ideal Gas Law: Combining the above, it may be written:
(PV/T) = nR
where n is the number of mols. If standard conditions in English units are substituted, R = 10.73 and is called the universal gas constant.
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Charles’ Law: If pressure of a body of gas is held constant and the temperature is changed, volume will vary directly as the absolute temperature:
x
=
Dalton’s Law: The pressure exerted on a containing vessel by a mixture of two or more gases is equal to the sum of the individual partial pressures which would be exerted by each of the component gases if it existed alone in the vessel, and at the temperature of the system.
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Real Gas Law: The ideal gas law neglects molecule size and intermolecular attractions and yields some inaccurate results. When an empirical compressibility factor, Z, is applied as a correction, the “Ideal” gas law becomes the “Real” gas law:
Composition of Natural Gas
• Hydrocarbons. Natural gas usually consists of lighter hydrocarbons — predominantly methane. Traces of heptane and heavier are usually combined. • Paraffin Series. The commonest hydrocarbons in natural gas. These are long chain or branched molecules having the commontype formula: