考研英语：翻译真题精讲(1)
考研英语：历年真题长难句900句翻译及语法详解 (1)
考研英语圣经——历年真题长难句900句翻译及语法详解There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.【翻译】在美国大部分州成为一名律师只有一条途径：学生要先获得其他专业的四年本科学历，再在由美国律师协会授权的 200 所法律学校中的一所学校中学习三年获得法律学位，而且准备律师资格考试也需要昂贵的费用。
【句子结构分析】There is just one path ①for a lawyer in most American states: ②a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.本句为简单句，句子主干 There is just one path 为 there be 句型。
①for a lawyer 为介词结构作状语，表示对象；其后的 in most American states为介词结构地点状语；②并列的名词结构 a four-year undergraduate degree...a three-year law degree...and an expensive preparation... 作同位语，解释说明 one path；其中 in some unrelated subject 为介词结构作后置定语，修饰 a four-year undergraduate degree；at one of 200 law schools 为介词结构作后置定语，修饰 a three-year law degree；authorized by the American Bar Association为过去分词结构作后置定语，修饰 200 law schools；In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency.和雇用专业经理专门提高公司运营的效率，有助于减少成本，提高服务质量。
(2024年)考研(一)翻译部分解析及参考答案
案例二
科技类篇章翻译。科技类篇章涉及专业领域的知 识和技术，考生需具备相关背景知识，并注意专 业术语的翻译和表达。
案例四
经济类篇章翻译。经济类篇章涉及市场经济、国 际贸易、金融投资等内容，考生需注意经济术语 的准确翻译和表达。
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模拟试题与参考答案
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模拟试题一（附参考答案）
文化背景处理
在翻译过程中，考生需注意处理 中西方文化差异，避免因文化背 景不同而造成的误解或歧义。
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典型篇章翻译案例解析
案例一
政治类篇章翻译。政治类篇章通常涉及国家政治 、经济、社会等方面的内容，考生需注意政治术 语的准确翻译和表达。
案例三
文化类篇章翻译。文化类篇章涉及不同国家和地 区的文化传统、历史背景等内容，考生需注意文 化差异的处理和表达方式的转换。
分析并列连词（and, but, or等）连接的句子成分，分别进行翻译 ，再根据逻辑关系进行组合。
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复合句的处理
识别主句和从句，先翻译主句，再翻译从句。注意从句的引导词 和时态，确保译文的准确性。
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特殊句式（倒装、强调等）的应对策略
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倒装句的翻译
理解倒装结构，还原句子正常语序进 行翻译。注意保持译文与原文的语气 和语调一致。
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句子结构分析与翻译技巧
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简单句的翻译方法
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理解句子主干
确定主语、谓语和宾语，把握句子核心意思。
注意词义选择
根据上下文和语境选择合适的词义，避免歧义。
1考研英语翻译真题精练精讲
2001年考研英语翻译真题精练精讲一、全真试卷In less than30years time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brains nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments，allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.（71）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots，and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.（72）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips，computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools，relaxation will be in front of smell-television，and digital age will have arrived.According to BT s futurologist，Ian Pearson，these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1000years），when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.（73）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds or key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine，including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system，computers could pick up what we feel and，hopefully，simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments，rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,”, he says.（74）But that，Pearson points out，is only the start of man-machine integration:”It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human befo re the end of the next century.”Through his research，Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However，there are still no forecasts for when faster-that-light travel will be available，or when human cloning will be perfected，or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will，for example，cause problems in2010，while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.（75）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.二、翻译题解（71）Therewill betelevision chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitorsthatwill disablethem when they offend.句子拆分：拆分点参考：分词,标点符号，连词There will be television chat shows// hosted by robots//, and cars with pollution monitors// that will disable them// when they offend.解读：1）主干结构是带双主语的存在句：There will be television chat shows..., and cars...2）两个主语都带有定语：第一个主语television chat shows的定语是过去分词短语hosted by robots，第二个主语cars的定语是介词短语with pollution monitors。
考研英语一翻译真题2023
考研英语一翻译真题2023考研英语一翻译真题2023词汇是英语学习的门槛，发觉身边许多同学之所以对英语不感爱好或者说是惧怕，就是由于起初词汇学习和背单词这块没有把握系统科学的学习方法，下文是我为你细心编辑整理的考研英语一翻译真题，期望对你有所帮忙，更多内容，请点击相关栏目查看，感谢!考研英语一翻译真题1Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama wasa form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire workhas survived.考研英语一翻译真题2Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembledEuropean society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, The air at twelve leagues distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden. Thecolonists first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.(50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.考研英语一翻译真题3Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate theunderlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and thatself-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In s o doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived ofgreen, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.考研英语一翻译真题4Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely andexclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. 47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His co mpositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. 48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of theindividual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. 50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.考研英语一文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
2021考研英语(一)阅读翻译及解析
2021考研英语(一)阅读翻译及解析2021Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.得了吧, 每个人都这样啊. 这种说法一半是邀请，一半是强制。
当我们听到“同辈（趋同）压力”这个词组的时候我们想到的就是这种说法。
这种信息一般让人想到不好的事情，比如喝酒，吸毒，一夜情。
但是，在她的新书《参加这个俱乐部》, Tina Rosenberg认为，纯粹压力也是一种积极的力量，通过她所说的社会治疗，公司和官方人员可以使用群体力量去帮助个人提高他们的生活，而且也有可能提高整个人类世界的生活。
Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, anHIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.Rosenberg是普利策奖获得者，他提供了许多社会治疗的例子：在南卡罗莱纳州，一个州资助的反对抽烟的项目叫做“向烟雾宣战”就旨在控制好烟草销售。
2002年考研英语翻译真题精练精讲范文
拆分点参考：连词
The behavioral sciences have been slow to change//partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and//partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.
句子拆分：
拆分点参考：谓语动词,连词
The role of natural selection in evolution//was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, //and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior ofthe individual//is only beginning to be recognized and studied.
句子拆分：
拆分点参考：从属连词，谓语动词
One difficulty is //that almost all of what is called behavioral science // continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.
（2）被动语态：按照被动语态的翻译方法，第一个简单句中的was formulated,处理成“得以、得到”，第二个简单句中的to be recognized and studied也可处理成“得以、得到”。
考研英语一翻译真题及答案详解
考研英语一翻译真题及答案详解导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《考研英语一翻译真题及答案详解》的内容，具体内容：考研即将进入冲刺阶段，考生的时间比较紧迫，所以，有的放矢，最大限度的把握考点，把握命题趋势，是当务之急。
其中，考研翻译以其综合性和主观题的特点高居四种题型难度的首位。
为了帮助考生攻克这一题型...考研即将进入冲刺阶段，考生的时间比较紧迫，所以，有的放矢，最大限度的把握考点，把握命题趋势，是当务之急。
其中，考研翻译以其综合性和主观题的特点高居四种题型难度的首位。
为了帮助考生攻克这一题型，我就为考生提供一些有针对性的备考建议，希望对考生有所帮助。
2020年考研英语翻译试题的特点表现在以下三个方面：1. 五个句子超纲或较难的词汇较多;2. 句子结构有些太复杂，有一些特别难分析的句子;3. 话题也是广大考生不太熟悉的话题。
2020年研究生入学考试英语一的翻译文章选自一本小品文集，题目是Gardens: AnEssay on the Human Condition 。
这篇文章的理论性不是特别强，对于大家来说应该不会感觉很很难，做起来应该困难不是很大。
跨考在今年冲刺班上反复强调翻译必考的句子成分，尤其是插入语，比如 46题的for all their diversity ofstyles, 47 题的的 crude it maybe ，50题的though in a "liberated" sense,，属于我冲刺班提到的必考的让步状语，以及一些常用从句的翻译，比如46题的时间状语从句 yet when onelooks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless,，属于翻译必考的从句。
47题的 it...that... 强调句型;以及最难的46题从句套用，构成理解的最大障碍。
这些都是我在跨考翻译课堂上反复提到必考的知识点，因此没掌握的学生肯定翻译不出来。
2009年考研英语翻译真题解析
2009年考研英语翻译真题解析(一)第一句一、试题题源While it may be said, without exaggeration, that the measure of the worth of any social institution, economic, domestic, political, legal, religious, is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; yet this effect is not a part of its original motive, which is limited and more immediately practical.（48 words）二、考试试题It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive. （33 words）三、译文参考可以说，要衡量任何社会制度的价值，就要看它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响，但是这种影响并不是其原来动机的一部分。
四、翻译讲解1. 整个句子的主干结构是but连接的两个并列句。
2. 第一个并列句这个句子有一个最简单的形式主语结构it may be said，然后有一个基本结构是the measure of …is in its effect in…，可以翻译为“衡量…是看在…中的效果”。
第二个并列句的结构非常简单。
3. 第一个并列句中主语中心词是measure后面带了两个of修饰结构，这种结构是属于考研翻译中考过无数次的结构，请参考94年71题，97年72题，01年74题，02年64题，和07年46题等。
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考研英语：翻译真题精讲（1）一、全真试题The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting，classifying，assigning，or promoting students，employees，and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books，magazines，the daily press，and even in Congress.（71）The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools，with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable，meaningless，or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades，research productivity，sales records，or whatever is appropriate.（72）How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned，the skills he has developed，or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has，qualitatively，the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information.（73）Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.（74）In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicated cannot be well defined. Properly used，they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized，but there are many things they do not do.（75）For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.二、翻译题解（71）The targetiswrong,forin attacking the tests, criticsdivertattention from the faultthatlies withill-informed or incompetent users.句子拆分：拆分点参考：标点符号，从属连词The target is wrong, //for in attacking the tests, //critics divert attention from the fault //that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.解析：（1）句子的主干为The target is wrong;后面跟了个for引导的状语从句。
（2）介词短语in attacking the tests作时间状语修饰divert，把for引导的状语从句分隔开了，调整下会有助于理解：for critics divert attention from the fault in attacking the tests（3）the target指前文提到的the standardized educational or psychological tests 词的处理：the target“目标”，根据上下文，翻译时应将其补充完整为“把标准化测试作为抨击的目标”divert attention from“把注意力从…转移开来”，引申为“没有注意到”lie with在于技巧点拨：（1）that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users是由that引导的定语从句，其先行词是the fault。
根据定语从句的翻译方法，可以把这个定语从句组合到其先行词的后面。
（2）ill-informed“不甚了解的，认识不足的”，译文中将其转译为动词（反义词well-informed:熟悉的，见识广的，灵通的）。
（3）incompetent users字面意思“不适当的使用者”，根据句意进行词性转换，转译为动词“使用不当”，使译文更通顺。
完整译文：把标准化测试作为抨击的目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者没有注意到测试的弊病在于使用测试的人对测试不甚了解或使用不当。
(72)Howwell the predictionswill be validatedby later performancedepends uponthe amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom withwhichitis interpreted.句子拆分：拆分点参考：从属连词，过去分词，并列连词How well the predictions will be validated by later performance //depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used //and on the skill and wisdom //with which it is interpreted.解析：（1）句子的主干为How well the predictions will be validated... depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information...and on the skill and wisdom...（2）depends后面两个介词短语作并列宾语upon...and on...，此处注意depend后可以加on或upon搭配，需要我们任何时候都要对介词搭配敏感，才不至于掉进专家设的陷阱，而遗漏on the skill and wisdom跟动词depend的关系。
（3）the information used中是过去分词used做定语修饰the information（4）介词短语of the information修饰the amount, reliability, and appropriateness（5）代词it指代the information（6）被动语态的翻译：be validated by为……所证实（借助于“为...所”表被动）；is interpreted解释（译为主动）含有被动意义的过去分词used：the information used 所采用的信息（借助于“所”表被动）词的处理：predictions“预测，预言”，此处根据上下文可知predictions实指standardized tests，体现英语用词的避免太重复，对同一个事物，不断变换说法be validated by为……所证实depends upon取决于reliability可靠性appropriateness适应性interpreted解释技巧点拨：（1）How well the predictions will be validated by later performance中含有一个被动结构。