2012年考研英语翻译真题及答案
2012研究生英语真题答案：完整版
Section 1 Use of Eninglish Directions : Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。
His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe。
2012年英语二(完整版)
I have to complain about the poor quality of the dictionary. For one thing, the dictionary often automatically turns off at the very moment I am eager to see the word explanations. For another, it seems loose in the conjunction part. The screen part cannot be properly settled.
发展中国家的人们若为移民问题操心，往往是想到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学去创造自己最辉煌的未来。英国、 加拿大和澳大利亚等国给大学毕业生提供的优惠移民政策，就是为了吸引这部分人群。
诸多研究表明，发展中国家受过良好教育的人才往往可能有移民倾向。2004 年，曾针对印度家庭进行过一次大 型调查，结果发现，近 40%有移民倾向的人受过中学以上教育，而 25 岁以上的印度人只有约 3.3%受过中学以上教 育。“人才流失”问题长期以来一直让发展中国家的决策者很苦恼，他们担心这种情况会危及其经济发展，夺去他 们紧缺的技术人才，而这些人才本该在他们自己的大学任教，在他们自己的医院工作，为他们自己的工厂研发新产 品。
Since the problems are unaccepted to me, I would like to get a refund or a new dictionary that can work well. Your prompt response will be highly appreciated.
To sum up, the senior citizens enjoys more content than the young people. In order to improve this situation, and make life of those who are between 40s and 50s easier, the authorities, relevant departments and certain enterprises should adopt some measures to increase salaries and perfect welfare system. What’s more, adults under 40 themselves should also treat their work with a positive and proper attitude and spare more time on physical practice after long-hour work. Only in this way can we assure that as many people as possible will live a contented life.
2012年考研英语真题答案及详解
2012年考研英语真题答案及详解2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案详解Section I Use of English1．【答案】B【解析】从空后信息可以看出，这句表达的是“_ _法官表现得像政治家”的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，所以应该选C, maintain“维持，保持”，其他显然语义不通。
2．【答案】A【解析】从第三段可以看出，文章认为法院和政治之间应该是有界限的。
所以这里应该是当法官像政治家一样行事，模糊了二者之间的区别时，就失去了其作为法律卫士的合法性。
只有B，when表示这个意思。
3．【答案】B【解析】第二段给的具体事例说明，法官出现在政治活动中会使法官形象受损，影响他们独立、公正的名声。
只有B，weaken能表示这个意思。
4．【答案】D【解析】空前信息显示，法官出席政治活动会让法院的审判收到影响，人们就会认为其审判不公正，所以选D，be accepted as...“被认为是”。
5．【答案】C【解析】空所在的语境为：产生这样的问题，部分原因在于“法官没有_ _道德规范”。
后一句话说，至少法院应该遵守行为规范，这显然是进一步说明上一句话。
所以上一句是说法官没有受到道德规范的约束，选C，bound。
6．【答案】B【解析】根据解析5可以看出，这里应该是说遵守行为规范，subject与to连用，表示“服从某物，受…支配”。
故本题选B。
7．【答案】D【解析】分析句子结构可知，这里是由that引导的定语从句修饰说明前面的行为规范，是说法院也应当遵守适用于其他联邦司法部的行为规范。
apply to “适用于”符合题意。
resort to “求助于”；stick to “坚持（原则等）”语意不通。
8．【答案】B【解析】空所在的语境为，类似这样的案例提出了这样一个问题：法院和政治之间是否还存在着界限。
提出问题，产生问题用只能选raise。
9．【答案】A【解析】根据第8题可知，空内应填line，“界限”。
2012年考研英语二真题全文翻译标准答案超详解析
20１2年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二）试题答案与解析Seｃtion I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇关于人物介绍的说明性文章，主要讲述了G．I. Joe由普通人成长为英雄,是美国特种兵敢死队的象征。
二、试题解析1．【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题:Ｇ. I. Jｏe 这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战的人来说意义非凡。
空格中需要填动词,在定语从句中做谓语,其主语是ｗho(指代meｎａnｄwoｍｅｎ)，动作发生的地点是ｉn ＷorlｄWar IＩ；空后的句子“theｐeoｐle they ｌiｂｅｒaｔed”中ｔhey也指代men and ｗoｍeｎ，他们有ｌiｂeratｅ的动作,由此推断“ｔhe men ａnd woｍｅｎ”指的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人,即服役的军人。
只有serve 有“服兵役”的意思,所以选B。
A 项peｒfｏrｍ意为“表现;执行;表演”;C 项rebel 意为“造反，反抗”;Ｄ项beｔｒay意为”背叛,出卖”,皆不符合文意，为干扰项。
２．【答案】Ｂ【解析】空格处所指的人与下文的ｔhe poor farm kiｄ和tｈe ｇuy在含义上呼应,同时与空格后的“ｇrown intoherｏ”逻辑含义应保持一致,因此空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对,后面的分句说他背井离乡,经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人（commoｎman）成长为英雄,所以选B。
A 项actual 意为“实际上,事实上的”；C 项ｓpeｃｉａl 意为“特殊的,专门的”;Ｄ项normaｌ意为“正常的,常态的”；皆不符合上下文语意,为干扰项。
３．【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语，先行词是ｗho（the gｕy)，宾语是aｌl thｅburdeｎs of baｔtle，要表达“承担战争带来的负担,应该用动词beaｒ或ｓｈｏｕldeｒ,所以这里选A，boｒe。
2012考研英语(一)翻译真题及答案
Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals.翻译46. 在物理学领域，有一种方法将这种“万物归一的冲动”推向了极致，它试图探寻到能解释一切的，最底层的公式。
2012年考研英语翻译答案及解析
2012年考研英语（一）翻译部分答案及解析46）In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything — a single generative equation for all we see.46. 物理学中，有一种方法将这种对统一性的紧迫需求发挥到了极致，追求一种具有普遍意义的理论，即为我们所见之物寻求一种单一的生成公式。
47）Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.47. 在此，达尔文似乎给出了合理化的解释，这是因为如果整个人类有相同的起源，那么我们就有理由认为，文化的多样性同样也可以追溯到更为具体的开端。
48）To filter out what is contingent and unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.48. 从共性中过滤出独特性，我们就可以明白文化行为起源的复杂性，以及文化行为在进化方面和认知方面的源动力。
49）The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.49. 第二个为此做出努力的人是约书亚·格林伯格，他采用经验主义的方法来研究普遍性，确认多种语言（尤其是语序方面的）共同特征，这些特征被认为是体现了由于认知局限性而带来的偏见。
2012考研英语翻译真题
change)] [(that) (are) (independent) (of
the family tree or the pathway tracked through it)]}, {whereas} {[Greenbergian] [universality]} {predicts} {[(strong) (codependencies)] [(between) (particular
[share] [(common) (origins)]}, {it} {seems}
{reasonable} {[to suppose] [(that) (cultural diversity) (could also be traced) (to more constrained beginnings)]}.
47. 在这里, 达尔文主义似乎给出了一个正当 理由: 如果全人类都有共同的起源, 那么, 文
化多样性也可以追溯到更有限的开端这一假
设好像也是合理的.
48. {[To filter out] [what is unique] [from] [what is shared]} {[might] [enable]}
{us} {[to understand] [(how complex
cultural behaviour arose) (and) (what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms)]}.
48. 从共同特征中滤掉独特之处, 可以使我们 明了复杂的文化行为是如何产生的, 以及到底
是什么在进化和认知方面引导了文化行为.
49. {[The] [second]}, {[by] [Joshua Greenberg]}, {takes} {[a] [more]
2012年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
但为君故系列
各自的推理以及各自的推理概念。 31. 根据第一段，发现过程的特点是它的： A 不确定性和复杂性 B 错误的概念和欺骗 C 逻辑性和客观性 D 系统性和常规性 32.从第二段可以推知认证的过程需要： A 严格的审查 B 共同的努力 C 个人的智慧 D 不断的创新 33.第三段表明，科学的发现在它( A 吸引到大众的注意之后 B 被科学的机构检查之后 C 获得了编辑和审稿者的认同之后 D 被科学家同行经常引用之后 34. Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi 可能会最赞同下面的那个观点： A 科学的发现将经受住质疑 B 今天的发现将引起未来的研究 C 做出发现的努力被证明是合理的 D 科学的工作需要批判的头脑 35.下面那个是最好的标题： A 新颖是科学进步的引擎 B 科学发现中的集体审查 C 科学中认证(信任)的发展 D 在通往科学的大门口对于信任的质疑 )之后变得可信：
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说好的是不能改变的! 除非 Entergy 进行的交易。这个公司是新英格兰地区 主要的能源提供商，该公司引起了佛蒙特州人们的义愤，因为上周它宣称它不想 遵守严格的核能规定。 相反，该公司一直履行了它早先的承诺过不做的事情：即它不会因为想保持 其 Vermont Yankee 核电站持续经营，而要在联邦法院挑战该州相关规定的合法 性（宪法） 。现在这个做法让人震惊。 这个冲突始于 2002，当时该公司购买了佛蒙特州唯一一家核电站，其实是 一个位于 Vernon 的破旧反应堆。该交易为了获得州政府的批准，该公司同意一 个前提条件：即同意在 2012 年后征求州政府官员的同意继续经营。2006 年，州 政府又提出，该核电站能否延期经营要听从佛蒙特州立法机关的批准。当时，该 公司也无异议。 Entergy 从来没有打算要遵守这些承诺，也根本没有想过将来会发生什么。 一系列的事件，包括 2007 年冷却塔的部分崩溃，以及地下管道系统泄露的发现， 这些事使得人们严重怀疑 Vermont Yankee 电站的安全问题和 Entergy 的管理---2016 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故
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2012年考研英语翻译真题及答案
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.
(1)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see. It is beco mi ng less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.
This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (2)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering
variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (3)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.
That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.
The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.
(4)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints
Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(5)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian
universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals.
翻译
Part C
1. 物理学中的一个理论把这种归一的冲动发挥到了极致，它探寻一种万有理论——一个关于我们能看到的一切的生成方程式。
2. 在这里，达尔文主义似乎提供了有力的理由，因为如果全人类有共同的起源，那么假设文化差异也能够追溯到更有限的源头好像就是合理的了。
3. 把差异性和独特性从共性中过滤出来也许能让我们理解复杂的文化行为是如何产生的，是什么从进化或认知领域指导着它。
4. 约书亚格林伯格为寻找语言的共性而付出努力提出了第二种理论。
他采用了一个更实用的共性理论，做法是辨认出众多语言的共有特征(尤其是按照词序排列)，这些特征被认为代表了由认知局限导致的偏差。
5. 乔姆斯基生成语法应该表明语言变化的模式，这些模式独立于族谱或贯穿其中的路径，然而格林伯格的共性理论预测词序关系的特殊类别之间(而不是其他)有着强烈的共存性。