心理学专业英语复习资料
心理学专业英语复习资料
I. Translate the Following English Phrases into Chinese
1. Research Methods 研究方法
2. Psychophysics 心理物理学
3. Theories of Learning 学习理论
4. Social Cognition 社会认知
5．Personality Test 人格测试
6. Extraneous Variable 无关变量
7. Longitudinal Study 纵向研究
8. Crystallized Intelligence 晶体智力
9. Motor control 运动控制
10. Corpus Callosum 胼胝体
11. Group Thinking 群体思维
12. Social Loafing 社会懈怠
13. Social Exchange 社会交换
14. Social Approval 社会赞许
15. Diffusion of Responsibility 责任分散
16. Recency Effec 近因效应
17．Trace Decay 痕迹消退
18. Retrograde Amnesia 倒摄遗忘
19. Social Support 社会支持
20. Self-efficacy 自我效能
21. Case Study 个案研究
II. Translate the Following Chinese Word Groups into English
1. 机能主义functionalism
2. 自我实现self—actualization
3．一般规律研究法nomothetic method
4. 分层抽样stratified sampling
5. 外在信度external reliability
6. 选择性注意selective attention
7. 知觉恒常性perceptual constancy
8. 自我概念self concept
9. 液体智力fluid intelligence
10. 安全型依恋secure attachment
11. 性别图示gender schema
12. 亲社会行为pro social behavior
13. 从众实验conformity experiment
14. 头脑风暴brain storming
15. 社会助长social facilitation
16. 旁观者效应bystander effect
17. 标准差standard deviation
18. 柱状图bar chart
19. 正态分布normal distribution
21. 知觉适应perceptual adaptation
III. Multiple Choices
1. Like Carl Rogers, I believe people choose to live more creative and meaningful lives. My name is
a. Wertheimer.
b. Washburn.
c. Skinner.
d. Maslow.
2. The goals of psychology are to
a. develop effective methods of psychotherapy.
b. describe, predict, understand, and control behavior.
c. explain the functioning of the human min
d.
d. compare, analyze, and control human behavior.
3. The "father" of psychology and founder of the first psychological laboratory was
a. Wilhelm Wundt.
b. Sigmund Freud.
c. John B. Watson.
d. B. F. Skinner.
4. You see a psychologist and tell her that you are feeling depressed. She talks to you about the goals you have for yourself, about your image of yourself, and about the choices that you make in your life and that you could make in your life. This psychologist would probably belong to the __________ school of psychology.
a. humanistic
b. psychodynamic
c. behavioristic
d. Gestalt
5. Biopsychologists
a. limit the scope of their study to animals.
b. are concerned with self-actualization and free will.
c. stress the unconscious aspect of behavior.
d. attempt to explain behavior in terms of biological or physical mechanisms.
6. In a study of effects of alcohol on driving ability, the control group should be given
a. a high dosage of alcohol.
b. one-half the dosage given the experimental group.
c. a driving test before and after drinking alcohol.
d. no alcohol at all.
7.The phrase "a theory must also be falsifiable" means
a. researchers misrepresent their data.
b. a theory must be defined so it can be disconfirmed.
c. theories are a rich array of observations regarding behavior but with few facts to support them.
8. A common method for selecting representative samples is to select them
a. randomly from the larger population.
b. strictly from volunteers.
c. by threatening or coercing institutionalized populations.
d. from confidential lists of mail order firms.
9. The chief function of the control group in an experiment is that it
a. allows mathematical relationships to be established.
b. provides a point of reference against which the behavior of the experimental group can be compared.
c. balances the experiment to eliminate all extraneous variables.
d. is not really necessary.
10. Which of the following best describes a double-blind experimental procedure?
a. All subjects get the experimental procedure.
b. Half the subjects get the experimental procedure, half the placebo; which they receive is known only to the experimenter.
c. Half the subjects get the experimental procedure, half the placebo; which they receive is not known to subjects or experimenters.
d. All subjects get the control procedur
e.
11. A simple experiment has two groups of subjects called
a. the dependent group and the independent group.
b. the extraneous group and the independent group.
c. the before group and the after group.
d. the control group and the experimental group.
12. One of the limitations of the survey method is
a. observer bias.
b. that it sets up an artificial situation.
c. that replies may not be accurate.
d. the self-fulfilling prophecy.
13. To replicate an experiment means to
a. use control groups and experimental groups.
b. use statistics to determine the effect of chance.
c. control for the effects of extraneous variables.
d. repeat the experiment using either identical or improved research methods.
14. Information picked up by the body's receptor cells is termed
a. cognition
b. perception.
c. adaptation.
d. sensation.
15. The incoming flow of information from our sensory systems is referred to as
a. sensation.
c. adaptation.
d. cognition.
16. A researcher presents two lights of varying brightness to a subject who is asked to respond "same" or "different" by comparing their intensities. The researcher is seeking the
a. just noticeable difference.
b. absolute threshold.
c. subliminal threshol
d.
d. minimal threshold.
17. Film is to camera as __________ is to eye.
a. retina
b. iris
c. lens
d. pupil
18. Black and white vision with greatest sensitivity under low levels of illumination describes the function of
a. the cones.
b. the visual pigments.
c. the rods.
d. the phosphenes.
19. Unpleasant stimuli may raise the threshold for recognition. This phenomenon is called
a. aversive stimulation.
b. absolute threshold.
c. perceptual defense.
d. unconscious guard.
20. When infants are placed in the middle of a visual cliff, they usually
a. remain still.
b. move to the shallow side of the apparatus.
c. move to the deep side of the apparatus.
d. approach their mothers when called, whether that requires moving to the shallow or deep sid
e.
21.The fact that objects that are near each other tend to be grouped together is known as
a. closure.
b. continuation.
c. similarity.
d. nearness.
22. An ability to "read" another person's mind is termed
a. clairvoyance.
b. telepathy.
c. precognition.
d. psychokinesis.
a. depth perception is completely learned.
b. human depth perception emerges at about 4 months of age.
c. integration of depth perception with motor skills has not yet been accomplishe
d.
d. depth perception is completely innat
e.
24. Sensations are organized into meaningful perceptions by
a. perceptual constancies.
b. localization of meaning.
c. perceptual grouping (Gestalt) principles.
d. sensory adaptation.
25. The analysis of information starting with features and building into a complete perception is known as
a. perceptual expectancy.
b. top-down processing.
c. bottom-up processing.
d. Gregory's phenomenon.
26.One recommended way for parents to handle problems of occasional bed wetting in children is to
a. limit the amount of water they drink in the evening.
b. punish them for "wet" nights.
c. wake them up during the night to use the toilet.
d. consider medication or psychotherapy.
27. Teachers, peers, and adults outside the home become important in shaping attitudes toward oneself in Erikson's stage of
a. trust versus mistrust.
b. initiative versus guilt.
c. industry versus inferiority.
d. integrity versus despair.
28. With aging there is a decline of __________ intelligence, but not of __________ intelligence.
a. fluid; fixed
b. fixed; fluid
c. fluid; crystallized
d. crystallized; fluid
29. The single most important thing you might do for a dying person is to
a. avoid disturbing that person by not mentioning death.
b. allow that person to talk about death with you.
c. tell that person about the stages of dying.
d. keep your visits short and infrequent in order to avoid tiring that person.
30. The five-factor model of personality includes
a. social interactionism.
b. neuroticism.
d. sense of humor.
31. An adjective checklist would most likely be used by a
a. psychodynamic therapist.
b. behaviorist.
c. humanistic therapist.
d. trait theorist.
32. Jung believed that there are basic universal concepts in all people regardless of culture called
a. persona.
b. collective consciousness.
c. archetypes.
d. mandalas.
33. Behaviorists are to the external environment as humanists are to
a. stress.
b. personal growth.
c. humankin
d.
d. internal conflicts.
34. Self-actualization refers to
a. a tendency that causes human personality problems.
b. what it is that makes certain men and women famous.
c. anyone who is making full use of his or her potentials.
d. the requirements necessary for becoming famous, academically distinguished, or rich.
35. If you were asked to describe the personality of your best friend, and you said she was optimistic, reserved, and friendly, you would be using the __________ approach.
a. psychodynamic
b. analytical
c. humanistic
d. trait
36. The halo effect refers to
a. the technique in which the frequency of various behaviors is recorded.
b. the use of ambiguous or unstructured stimuli.
c. the process of admitting experience into consciousness.
d. the tendency to generalize a favorable or unfavorable first impression to unrelated details of personality.
37.A truck gets stuck under a bridge. Several tow-trucks are unable to pull it out. At last a little boy walks up and asks the red-faced adults trying to free the truck why they haven't let the air out of the truck's tires. Their oversight was due to
a. divergent thinking.
b. cognitive style.
c. synesthesia.
d. fixation.
38. __________ thinking goes from specific facts to general principles.
a. Deductive
b. Inductive
c. Divergent
d. Convergent
39. In most anxiety disorders, the person's distress is
a. focused on a specific situation.
b. related to ordinary life stresses.
c. greatly out of proportion to the situation.
d. based on a physical caus
e.
40. The antisocial personality
a. avoids other people as much as possible.
b. is relatively easy to treat effectively by psychotherapy.
c. tends to be selfish and lacking remorse.
d. usually gives a bad first impression.
41. One who is quite concerned with orderliness, perfectionism, and a rigid routine might be classified as a(n) __________ personality.
a. histrionic
b. obsessive-compulsive
c. schizoid
d. avoidant
42.In psychoanalysis, patients avoid talking about certain subjects. This is called
a. avoidance.
b. transference.
c. analysis.
d. resistanc
e.
43. In psychoanalysis, an emotional attachment to the therapist that symbolically represents other important relationships is called
a. resistance.
b. transference.
c. identification.
d. empathy.
44. In aversion therapy a person __________ to associate a strong aversion with an undesirable habit.
a. knows
b. learns
c. wants
d. hopes
45. Behavior modification involves
a. applying non-directive techniques such as unconditional positive regard to clients.
c. the use of learning principles to change behavior.
d. the use of insight therapy to change upsetting thoughts and beliefs.
46. A cognitive therapist is concerned primarily with helping clients change their
a. thinking patterns.
b. behaviors.
c. life-styles.
d. habits.
47.__________ is best known for his research on conformity.
a. Asch
b. Rubin
c. Schachter
d. Zimbardo
48. Solomon Asch's classic experiment (in which subjects judged a standard line and comparison lines) was arranged to test the limits of
a. social perception.
b. indoctrination.
c. coercive power.
d. conformity.
49. Aggression is best defined as
a. hostility.
b. anger.
c. any action carried out with the intent of harming another person.
d. none of these
50. Which of the following is the longest stage of grieving for most people?
a. shock
b. anger
c. depression
d. agitation
51. Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of psychology?
A) science
B) therapy
C) behavior
D) mental process
52．The term psychopathology refers to
A) the study of psychology.
B) study of psychological disorders.
C) the distinction between psychologists and psychiatrists.
D) the focus of counseling psychology.
53. In which area of psychology would a researcher interested in how individuals persist to attain a
A) motivation and emotion
B) physiological psychology
C) social psychology
D) community psychology
54. A psychologist who focused on the ways in which people's family background related to their current functioning would be associated with which psychological approach?
A) the behavioral approach
B) the psychodynamic approach
C) the humanistic approach
D) the cognitive approach
55. The researcher most associated with functionalism is
A) William James.
B) Wilhelm Wundt.
C) Charles Darwin.
D) E. B. Titchener.
56. A psychologist is attempting to understand why certain physical characteristics are rated as attractive. The psychologist explains that certain characteristics have been historically adaptive, and thus are considered attractive. This explanation is consistent with which of the following approaches?
A) the sociocultural approach
B) the humanistic approach
C) the cognitive approach
D) the evolutionary approach
57. Which approach would explain depression in terms of disordered thinking?
A) the humanistic approach
B) the evolutionary approach
C) the cognitive approach
D) the sociocultural approach
58. Which of the following would a sociocultural psychologist be likely to study?
A) the impact of media messages on women's body image
B) the way in which neurotransmitters are implicated in the development of eating disorders
C) the impact of thinking patterns on weight management
D) the benefits of exercise in preventing obesity
59. Why is psychology considered a science?
A) It focuses on internal mental processes.
B) It classifies mental disorders.
C) It focuses on observation, drawing conclusions, and prediction.
D) It focuses on behavior.
60. Why is it important to study positive psychology?
A) Psychologists are only interested in the experiences of healthy persons.
aspects of life.
C) Negative experiences in people's lives tell us little about people's mental processes.
D) Psychology has been too focused on the negative
IV. Blank filling
1.The perspective that focuses on how perception is organized is called psychology.
2.A(n) is a broad explanation and prediction concerning a phenomenon of interest.
3.The variable is expected to change as a result of the experimenter's manipulation.
4.Bill refuses to leave his house because he knows spiders live outside. Bill is most clearly
suffering from a .
5.Learned _______ may develop when a person is repeatedly exposed to negative events over
which he/she has no control.
6.Troublesome thoughts that cause a person to engage in ritualistic behaviors are called
________.
7.Psychologists consider deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressful behaviors to be
______.
8.Ken is impulsive, reckless, and shows no remorse when he hurts other people. He is often in
trouble with the law. Kevin is most likely to be diagnosed with _______ personality disorder.
9.The researcher known as the "father of modern psychology" was Wilhelm _______.
10.Asking someone to think about their conscious experience while listening to poetry would
be an example of _______.
11.The field of psychology that is interested in workplace behavior is called Industrial and
___________ psychology.
12.________ is a statistic that measures the strength of the relationship between two variables.
13.In a set of data, the number that occurs most often is called the ______.
14.In a set of data, the average score is called the _______.
15.A study that collects data from participants over a period of time is known as a(n) ______.
16.The variable that a researcher manipulates is called the _______ variable.
17._______statistics are used to test a hypothesis.
18.A mental framework for how a person will think about something is called a ______.
19.Rapid skeletal and sexual development that begins to occur around ages nine to eleven is
called _______.
20.A generalization about a group that does not take into account differences among members
of that group is called a(n) ________.
21.Feeling the same way as another, or putting yourself in someone else's shoes, is called
______.
22.Feelings or opinions about people, objects, and ideas are called _______.
23.When you saw a movie in a crowded theater you found yourself laughing out loud with
everyone else. When you saw it at home, though, you still found it funny but didn't laugh as much. This is an example of ________ contagion.
24.When Carlos first sat next to Brenda in class he didn't think much of her. After sitting next
to her every day for a month he really likes her. This is best explained by the ________ effect.
V．True or false (10 points, 1 point each)
1 Positive psychology is not interested in the negative things that happen in people's lives.
2 The behavioral approach is interested in the ways that individuals from different cultures behave.
A) True
B) False
3. Developmental psychologists focus solely on the development of children.
A) True
B) False
4. Psychologists study behavior and mental processes.
A) True
B) False
5. Meta-analysis examines many studies to draw a conclusion about an effect.
A) True
B) False
6. The 50th percentile is the same as the median.
A) True
B) False
7. The standard deviation is a measure of central tendency.
A) True
B) False
8. Variables can only have one operational definition.
A) True
B) False
9. The scores for 5 participants are 3, 2, 6, 3, and 7. The range is 4.
A) True
B) False
10. In correlational research, variables are not manipulated by the researcher.
A) True
B) False
11. The placebo effect refers to experimenter bias influencing the behavior of participants.
A) True
B) False
Carol and Armando work together, go to school together, and socialize together. Carol notices that Armando is always on time to work and class and is never late when they make plans. One day, Armando is late to class. It is likely that Carol would make an external attribution about Armando's lateness.
A) True
B) False
12. Violence in movies and television has no effect on people's levels of aggression.
A) True
B) False
13. Rioting behavior is usually understood to occur because of groupthink.
A) True
B) False
14. Small groups are more prone to social loafing than larger groups.
A) True
B) False
15. Piaget believed that children were active participants in their cognitive development.
16 A strong ethnic identity helps to buffer the effects of discrimination on well-being.
A) True
B) False
17. Older adults experience more positive emotions than younger adults.
A) True
B) False
18. Harlow's research showed that infant monkeys preferred to spend time with the "mother" (wire
or cloth) on which they were nursed.
A) True
B) False
19. To help adolescents research their full potential, parents should be effective managers of their
children.
A) True
B) False
20. Emerging adulthood is the period between 18 and 30 years of age.
A) True
B) False
21. Health psychologists work only in mental health domains.
A) True
B) False
VI. Essays questions (20 points, 10 points each)
1. What is qualitative research interview?
2. What is bystander effect? When is it most likely to occur? How can its effects be minimized?
3. How important is fathering to children?
心理学专业英语复习资料
心理学专业英语复习资料 I. Translate the Following English Phrases into Chinese 1. Research Methods 研究方法 2. Psychophysics 心理物理学 3. Theories of Learning 学习理论 4. Social Cognition 社会认知 5．Personality Test 人格测试 6. Extraneous Variable 无关变量 7. Longitudinal Study 纵向研究 8. Crystallized Intelligence 晶体智力 9. Motor control 运动控制 10. Corpus Callosum 胼胝体 11. Group Thinking 群体思维 12. Social Loafing 社会懈怠 13. Social Exchange 社会交换 14. Social Approval 社会赞许 15. Diffusion of Responsibility 责任分散 16. Recency Effec 近因效应 17．Trace Decay 痕迹消退 18. Retrograde Amnesia 倒摄遗忘 19. Social Support 社会支持 20. Self-efficacy 自我效能 21. Case Study 个案研究 II. Translate the Following Chinese Word Groups into English 1. 机能主义functionalism 2. 自我实现self—actualization 3．一般规律研究法nomothetic method 4. 分层抽样stratified sampling 5. 外在信度external reliability 6. 选择性注意selective attention 7. 知觉恒常性perceptual constancy 8. 自我概念self concept 9. 液体智力fluid intelligence 10. 安全型依恋secure attachment 11. 性别图示gender schema 12. 亲社会行为pro social behavior 13. 从众实验conformity experiment 14. 头脑风暴brain storming 15. 社会助长social facilitation 16. 旁观者效应bystander effect 17. 标准差standard deviation 18. 柱状图bar chart 19. 正态分布normal distribution
心理学专业英语
心理学是什么－－What Psychology Is Why people do the things they do is an age-old question. However, psychology--the science concerned with behavior, both humans and animals--is only about 125 years old. Despite its youth, it is a broad discipline, essentially spanning subject matter from biology to sociology. Biology studies the structures and functions of living organisms. Sociology examines how groups function in society. Psychologists study two critical relationships: one between brain function and behavior, and one between the environment and behavior. As scientists, psychologists follow scientific methods, using careful observation, experimentation, and analysis. But psychologists also need to be creative in the way they apply scientific findings. Psychologists are frequently innovators, evolving new approaches from established knowledge to meet changing needs of people and societies. They develop theories and test them through their research. As this research yields new information, these findings become part of the body of knowledge that practitioners call on in their work with clients and patients. Psychology is a tremendously varied field. Psychologists conduct both basic and applied research, serve as consultants to communities and organizations, diagnose and treat people, and teach future psychologists and other types of students. They test intelligence and personality. They assess behavioral and mental function and well-being, stepping in to help where appropriate. They study how human beings relate to each other and also to machines, and they work to improve these relationships. And with America undergoing large changes in its population makeup, psychologists bring important knowledge and skills to understanding diverse cultures. Many psychologists work independently. They also team up with other professionals--for example, other scientists, physicians, lawyers, school personnel, computer experts, engineers, policy makers, and managers--to contribute to every area of society. Thus we find them in laboratories, hospitals, courtrooms, schools and universities, community health centers, prisons, and corporate offices. Psychologists traditionally study both normal and abnormal functioning, and also treat patients with mental and emotional problems. Today, they are increasingly concentrating on behaviors that affect the mental and emotional health and mental processes of healthy human beings. For example, they work with business executives, performers, and athletes to combat stress and improve performance. They advise lawyers on jury selection and collaborate with educators on school reform. They show up immediately following a disaster such as a plane crash or bombing, to help victims and bystanders recover from the trauma, or shock, of the event. They team with law enforcement and public health officials to analyze the causes of such events and prevent their occurrence. Involved in all aspects of our fast-paced world, psychologists must keep up with what's happening all around us. When you're a psychologist, your education never ends. Psychology is a discipline with a bright future. Among fields requiring a college degree, it is expected to be the third fastest-growing field in America through the year 2005 and to continue to grow steadily for at least another dozen years after that. Opportunities for work in psychology are expanding in number and scope. The move toward preventing illness, rather than merely diagnosing and treating it, requires people to learn how to make healthy behavior a routine part of living. Indeed, many of the problems facing society today are problems about behavior, for example, drug addiction, poor personal relationships, violence at home and in the street, and the harm we do to our environment. Psychologists contribute solutions to problems through careful collection of data, analysis of data, and development of intervention strategies--in other words, by
心理学专业英语讲稿1-什么是心理学what is psychology
English for Psychology（心理学专业英语） Perspectives in Psychology（心理学纵览） What is psychology ? 什么是心理学？ 1.DEFINITIONS: 定义： The word "Psychology" is derived from two Greek roots: "Psyche", meaning "mind" or "soul" and "Logos", meaning "study of". 心理学这个单词是由psyche和logos这两个希腊词派生出来的，psyche的意思是心灵或精神，logos的意思是对……研究。 Psychology, therefore,literally means "study of the mind". 因此，从字面意思上来讲（顾名思义），心理学就是对于心灵/精神的研究。However,a more recent definition by Atkinson et al(1991) suggests that psychology is:"The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes" 然而，阿特金森（1991）等人提出了一个较新的定义，“心理学是对于行为与心理过程的科学研究”。（心理学是研究行为和心理过程的科学。） Just giving this simple definition, however, is a bit misleading, since psychologists now and throughout their history have not only disagreed about the definition of psychology but have also strongly disagreed about what should be studied in the subject and how it should be studied. 然而，仅仅给出这样一个简单的定义，会有一点误导，因为无论是在历史上还是
(完整版)心理学专业英语总结(完整)
心理学专业英语总结——HXY 随意传阅·顺颂试安 注释：1.“*”在书上是黑体字，但感觉不重要背了也没什么卵用 2.“”背景色项表示答案恰好有三项，可能出选择 3. 人名已加黑，可能连线或选择 4. 每章节的末尾有方便记忆的单词表（只包括这篇总结中出现的关键单词） 5. 方便理解记忆，已在各项下方注明中文释义 6.“,”大部分都是作为点之间的分割，类似于逗号，前后不连成句子 Chapter 1——Perspectives in psychology 心理学纵览 Section 1: Approaches to psychology 心理学入门 ●What is psychology? 心理学是什么 Definitions: The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes. 定义：对行为和心理过程的科学研究 Psychology come from: ①philosophy, ②biology ③physics. 心理学来源于：哲学、生物学和医学 When: 1879 as a separate scientific discipline. 形成于：1879年，作为独立学科 History (develop): structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis, behaviourism, cognitive psychology, humanistic approach, biological approach. 历史发展：结构主义，机能主义，精神分析，行为主义，认知，人本主义，生理。 ●The psychoanalytic approach to psychology 精神分析理论 Origins & history: Sigmund Freud, unconscious mental causes, treat as the causes of mental disorders, built up an theory. 历史来源：弗洛伊德提出潜意识心理动机，把它视为心理疾病的原因，并建立理论。 Assumptions: unconscious processes, psychic determinism, hydraulic drives, psychodynamic conflict, stages of development. 假设：潜意识过程，精神决定论，驱力（攻击、性），心理动力冲突，发展阶段 Methods of investigation: case study (method), free association (tech), dream analysis (tech). 研究方法：个案研究方法，自由联想技术，梦的解析技术 *Areas of explanation: personality development, moral/gender development, aggression, abnormality, memory. 可解释领域：人格发展，道德/性别发展，攻击性，异常，记忆 *Weaknesses: unrefutable, theoretically unscientific. 缺点：不可被其他事件驳斥，因此理论不具科学性 ●The behaviourist approach to psychology 行为主义理论 Origins & history: John Watson, empiricism, learning. 历史来源：华生，经验主义，学习 Assumptions: behaviour is learned from the environment, only observable behaviour should be studied. 假设：行为来源于环境，研究可观察的行为 *Areas of explanation: language acquisition, moral development, attraction, abnormality.
教育心理学作业答案
教育心理学作业1(第1-3章） 一、简答题 1 ．简述教育心理学的主要研究方法 P14 答：实验法、问卷调查法、测验法、观察法、深入访谈法、个案研究法、教育经验总结法、文件分析法。前三种属于量的研究方法，后五种属于质的研究方法。 2 ．遗传决定论关于心理发展的理论核心是什么 ? P42 答：强调遗传在心理发展中的作用，认为个体的发展及其个性品质早在生殖细胞的基因中就决定了，发展只是在这些内在因素的自然展开，环境与教育只是一个引发的作用。 3 、皮亚杰将儿童认知发展划分为哪几个阶段？ P48- 皮亚杰把儿童的认知发展划分为四个阶段：感知 - 运动阶段（ 0-2 岁）主要靠感觉和动作来认识周围世界前运算阶段（ 2-7 岁）认知开始具备符号功能，但是判断还是受直觉思维支配 具体运算阶段（ 7-11 岁）借助具体事物，能作出一定程度的推理形式运算阶段（ 11-15 岁以后）能不借助具体事物，作出符号形式的推理假设 4 ．学优生与学差生、创造型与非创造型学生在人格方面有哪些差异 P58- 答：学优生与学差生差异：动机差异，主体性差异，人格适应性差异具有创造性的学生相对非创造性的学生的人格特征是：低乐群性、高独立性和高自律性。 5 ．简要分析学习的内涵 P65 答：学习是人与动物在生活过程中获得个体行为经验，并由经验引起行为或思维的较持久变化的过程。内涵：学习是凭经验产生的行为或思维的变化；学习既有行为的变化，也有思维的变化；学习过程可 二、案例分析题P74 某小学三(1)班李老师发现班上有几个学生,作业总是潦草脏乱.为了帮助这些学生,李老师专门雕刻了2枚印章和一些好孩子的小卡通画奖品,每当这几个同学一次作业工整干净,她就在练习本上加盖一个小红花 印章,连续得到3次小红花,就加盖一个”一级棒”的大印章,连续得到2次”一级棒”,就奖励一个好孩子的小卡通画,连续获得3张好孩子的小卡通画,就把该学生的作业放在光荣榜上展览…… 请结合所学的教育心理学知识，对李教师的做法进行分析。 答：李老师的这种做法可以用斯金纳的儿童行为强化控制理论来解释。他认为，人的行为大部分是操作性的，任何习得行为，都与及时强化有关。可以通过强化来塑造儿童的行为。斯金纳提出外界的强化作用是塑造儿童行为的基础。只要了解强化效应，操纵好强化技术，及时有效地施加强化，就能控制行为反应，并随意塑造出一种教育者所期望的儿童行为。 李老师在教学中正是运用了强化控制理论，作业潦草是儿童不良行为，对于一次作业工整就加盖一个小红花，连续 3 次小红花，就加盖一个“一级棒”的大印章，连续 2 次“一级棒”就奖励小卡通画并上光荣榜，这是一种积极强化的方式，所谓积极强化是由于某一刺激的加入增进了某一操作反应发生概率的作用，这种作用是经常的。李老师的这种连续的强化刺激，矫正原有的作业潦草的习惯，不断地向好的上方向发展。 三、论述题 1 、试论影响儿童心理发展的因素。 朱智贤是我国最系统研究儿童心理学的专家，被誉为“中国科学儿童心理学之父”。他强调从唯物辩证法的角度出发，用系统的观点来研究儿童的整体发展。这个整体包括两个部分和四个方面：两个部分是指儿童发展的认知过程和个性品质；四个方面是指心理发展和社会和教育条件、生物性成熟、动作和活动的发展、语言的发展。 他承认先天因素在心理发展中的作用，不论是遗传素质还是生理成熟，他们都是儿童与青少年心理发展的生物前提，为发展提供了可能性；而环境和教育则将这种可能性变为现实性，决定着儿童心理发展的方向
心理学专业英语词汇汇总
心理现象 mental phenomenon 心理过程 mental process 心理状态 mental state 心理活动 mental activity 意识 consciousness 心理维度 psychological dimension 心理运动 psychomotor 内部活动 internal activity 普通心理学 general psychology 实验心理学 experimental psychology 行为科学 behavioral science 心身关系 mind-body relation 心理机能定位 localization of mental function 心理能动性 mental activism 外周论 peripheralism 先天理论 nativistic theory 强调遗传素质决定人心理的产生与发展。 遗传 heredity 目的论 teleology 认为生物和人类的活动受一定目的的引导。 活动 activity 活动理论 activity theory 认知心理学 cognitive psychology 认知 cognition 相对于情感、意志等心理过程的所有认识过程的总称。包括知觉、注意、表象、学习记忆、问题解决、思维和言语等心理过程。 认知过程 cognitive process 认知结构 cognitive structure 元认知 metacognition
认知失调 cognitive dissonance 认知地图 cognitive map 认知技能 cognitive skill 认知方式 cognitive style 信息 information 信息论 information theory 信息加工 information processing 信息加工心理学 information processing psychology 信息加工理论 information processing theory 信息加工模型 information processing model 中央处理器模型 central processor model 信息储存 information storage 信息提取 information retrieval 人工智能 artificial intelligence, AI 计算机类比 computer analogy 计算机模拟 computer simulation 计算机模型 computer model 唯心主义心理学 idealistic psychology 意动心理学 act psychology 唯意志论 voluntarism 唯灵论 spiritualism 强调超自然精神作用。 心灵学 parapsychology 心灵决定论 psychic determinism 心灵致动 psychokinesis, PK 心理技术学 psychotechnics 内省 introspection 内省法 introspective method 直觉主义 intuitionalism
教育心理学15在线作业3
一、单选题（共 15 道试题，共 30 分。） V 1. ( )是关于“是什么”的知识，包括各种事实、概念、原则和理论等。 A. 知识 B. 程序性知识 C. 陈述性知识 D. 策略性知识 满分：2 分 2. 美国社会心理学家班杜拉把强化分为 A. 正强化和负强化 B. 直接强化和间接强化 C. 直接强化、替代强化和自我强化 D. 精神强化和物质强化 满分：2 分 3. ( )是人与动物在生活过程中获得个体经验，并由经验引起行为较持久的变化过程。 A. 认知 B. 学习 C. 习惯 D. 教学 满分：2 分 4. 布卢姆将教育目标分为（）三大领域。 A. 知、情、意 B. 认知、情感、动作 C. 知、情、个性 D. 知、情、人格 满分：2 分 5. 现代认知心理学把记忆系统分为瞬时记忆,短时记忆和 . A. 长时记忆
B. 内隐记忆 C. 操作记忆 D. 形式记忆 满分：2 分 6. 由于反映活动的形式不同,知识可以分为陈述性知识与 A. 程序性知识 B. 实用的知识 C. 直观的知识 D. 可应用的知识 满分：2 分 7. （）是指在教学之前为了解学生对学习新知识应具备的基本条件的评价。准备性评价 通常运用所谓的“ 摸底测验”的方式来进行。 A. 准备性评价 B. 形成性评价 C. 总结性评价 D. 教学评价 满分：2 分 8. 动作技能的形成需要经历相互联系的四个主要阶段：认知阶段、分解阶段、联系定位 阶段和 A. 自动化阶段 B. 熟练阶段 C. 巩固阶段 D. 稳定阶段 满分：2 分 9. （）的思想来源于普莱西发明的教学机器，但程序教学的真正首创者应归功于美国行 为主义心理学家斯金纳。 A. 掌握学习； B. 程序教学；
心理学英文术语
实用文档 感觉记忆（SM）—sensory memory 短期记忆（STM）—short-term M. 长期记忆（LTM）—long-term memory 复诵——rehearsal 预示（激发）——priming 童年失忆症——childhood amnesia 视觉编码（表征）——visual code（representation） 听觉编码—acoustic code 运作记忆——working memory 语意性知识—semantic knowledge 记忆扫瞄程序—memory scanning procedure 竭尽式扫瞄程序-exhaustive S.P. 自我终止式扫瞄—self-terminated S. 程序性知识—procedural knowledge 命题（陈述）性知识——propositional（declarative）knowledge 情节（轶事）性知识—episodic K. 讯息处理深度—depth of processing 精致化处理—elaboration 登录特殊性—coding specificity 记忆术—mnemonic 位置记忆法—method of loci 字钩法—peg word （线）探索（测）（激发）字—prime 关键词——key word 命题思考——propositional thought 心像思考——imaginal thought 行动思考——motoric thought 概念——concept 原型——prototype 属性——property 特征——feature 范例策略——exemplar strategy 语言相对性（假说）—linguistic relativity th. 音素——phoneme 词素——morpheme （字词的）外延与内涵意义—denotative & connotative meaning （句子的）表层与深层结构—surface & deep structure 语意分析法——semantic differential 全句语言—holophrastic speech 过度延伸——over-extension 电报式语言—telegraphic speech 关键期——critical period
心理学专业英语词汇(I1)
心理学专业英语词汇(I1) 心理学专业英语词汇(I1)心理学专业英语词汇(I1)ia 项目和配列ia 智力年龄 ianthinopsia 紫幻视 iar theory 内隐联想反应理论 iatreusiology 治疗学 iatrogenic disorder 误诊致病 iatrogenic homosexuality 误导性同性恋误导性同性恋iatrogenic neurosis 误诊性神经症 iatrogenic neurosis 医源性神经症 iatrology 医学 iceberg organization 冰堡组织 ice mountain profile 冰山剖面图 ichthyophobia 恐鱼症 iconic 形象的 iconic experience of moral feeling 想象的道德情感体验iconic memory 映象记忆 iconic representation 形象性表象 iconic representation model 形象表象方式 iconic representation stage 形象再现表象阶段
iconic sign 图象符号 iconic store 映像贮存 iconography 图解 iconolagny 恋肖像癖 iconolatry 偶像崇拜 iconomania 肖像崇拜癖 ict 胰岛素休克治疗法 ictal 突发的 ictal depression 发作性抑郁症 ictal emotion 突发情绪 ictometer 心搏计 ictus 暴发 ictus epilepticus 癫痫猝发 icw interest record 儿童福利机构的孩童兴趣纪录id 本我 id anxiety 本我焦虑 idea 观念 idea 意见 idea of justice 公正观念 idea of reason 理性观念 idea of reference 参照主意 idea of self accusation 自责观念
东师《教育心理学》19春在线作业1
(单选题)1: （）是指在行为发生频率或持续时间上的增加。 A: 动机 B: 内驱力 C: 诱因 D: 强化 正确答案: (单选题)2: 美国社会心理学家班杜拉把强化分为 A: 正强化和负强化 B: 直接强化和间接强化 C: 直接强化、替代强化和自我强化 D: 精神强化和物质强化 正确答案: (单选题)3: 品德是个体依据一定的社会道德行为规范行动时表现出来的心理特征和倾向 ,它是 A: 比较不稳定的 B: 受先天因素制约的 C: 时稳时变的 D: 比较稳定的 正确答案: (单选题)4: （）是指一类事物的最佳代表，也就是某个概念的典型例证。 A: 定义性特征 B: 原型 C: 概念 D: 图式 正确答案: (单选题)5: （）一个人或一组人的问题进行专门研究的方法。 A: 观察法 B: 实验法 C: 调查法 D: 个案研究法 正确答案: (单选题)6: 斯金纳认为，行为可以分为以下几类 A: 应答性行为和操作性行为 B: 回答性行为和操作性行为 C: 习惯性行为和偶然性行为 D: 习得性行为和非习得性行为 正确答案: (单选题)7: （）是指由学习活动本身作为学习的目标而引发的推动学生学习的动力，
学习者在学习活动过程中获得满足。 A: 内在动机 B: 社会性动机 C: 间接性动机 D: 外来动机 正确答案: (单选题)8: （）是一种追求外界信息、指向学习活动本身的内驱力，它表现为好奇、探索、操作和掌握行为。 A: 认知好奇心 B: 成就动机 C: 自我效能感 D: 成就归因 正确答案: (单选题)9: 在布卢姆的教育目标分类中，认知领域的最高级目标是 A: 运用 B: 分析 C: 综合 D: 评价 正确答案: (单选题)10: 一般来说，偏爱自然科学，且成绩较好的学生的认知风格大多数属于 A: 场依存性 B: 场独立性 C: 沉思型 D: 冲动型 正确答案: (单选题)11: （）是人与动物在生活过程中获得个体经验，并由经验引起行为较持久的变化过程。 A: 认知； B: 学习； C: 习惯； D: 教学 正确答案: (单选题)12: （）是辅助学生管理可用的环境和资源的策略。 A: 资源管理策略 B: 元认知策略 C: 精加工策略 D: 时间管理策略 正确答案:
心理学专业英语总结完整
心理学专业英语总结完 整 Document number【SA80SAB-SAA9SYT-SAATC-SA6UT-SA18】
心理学专业英语总结——HXY 随意传阅·顺颂试安 注释：1.“*”在书上是黑体字，但感觉不重要背了也没什么卵用 2.“”背景色项表示答案恰好有三项，可能出选择 3. 人名已加黑，可能连线或选择 4. 每章节的末尾有方便记忆的单词表（只包括这篇总结中出现的关键单词） 5. 方便理解记忆，已在各项下方注明中文释义 6.“,”大部分都是作为点之间的分割，类似于逗号，前后不连成句子 Chapter 1——Perspectives in psychology 心理学纵览 Section 1: Approaches to psychology 心理学入门 What is psychology 心理学是什么 Definitions: The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes. 定义：对行为和心理过程的科学研究 Psychology come from: ① philosophy, ② biology ③ physics. 心理学来源于：哲学、生物学和医学 When: 1879 as a separate scientific discipline. 形成于：1879年，作为独立学科 History (develop): structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis, behaviourism, cognitive psychology, humanistic approach, biological approach. 历史发展：结构主义，机能主义，精神分析，行为主义，认知，人本主义，生理。 The psychoanalytic approach to psychology 精神分析理论 Origins & history: Sigmund Freud, unconscious mental causes, treat as the causes of mental disorders, built up an theory. 历史来源：弗洛伊德提出潜意识心理动机，把它视为心理疾病的原因，并建立理论。 Assumptions: unconscious processes, psychic determinism, hydraulic drives, psychodynamic conflict, stages of development. 假设：潜意识过程，精神决定论，驱力（攻击、性），心理动力冲突，发展阶段 Methods of investigation: case study (method), free association (tech), dream analysis (tech). 研究方法：个案研究方法，自由联想技术，梦的解析技术 *Areas of explanation: personality development, moral/gender development, aggression, abnormality, memory. 可解释领域：人格发展，道德/性别发展，攻击性，异常，记忆 *Weaknesses: unrefutable, theoretically unscientific. 缺点：不可被其他事件驳斥，因此理论不具科学性 The behaviourist approach to psychology 行为主义理论 Origins & history: John Watson, empiricism, learning. 历史来源：华生，经验主义，学习 Assumptions: behaviour is learned from the environment, only observable behaviour should be studied.
心理学专业外语：The nature-nurture debate in psychology
The nature-nurture debate in psychology 心理学的先天与后天教养之争 Nature-Approach 先天-研究方法 Roots of the approach-nativist philosophy, biology (physiology and genetics), evolutionary theory. 研究方法的根源-自然主义哲学、生物学（生理学和遗传学）、进化论。 Causes of behaviour-genetic determinism, inherited influence, maturational blueprint,neurochemical and hormonal influences, brain activity. 决定行为的因素-基因决定论、遗传影响、成熟的轨迹、神经化学与荷尔蒙的影响和大脑活动。 Methods employed-gene/chromosome mapping, twin and adoption studies, brain scanning, brain stimulation or damage studies, drug testing. 研究方法-基因/染色体图谱研究、对双生子和收养孩子的研究、脑扫描、脑刺激或脑损伤的研究、药物测试。 Implications-due to biological determinism, behaviour can only be changed through physical means, such as selective breeding (eugenics), gene therapy, brain surgery, or drugs. 影响-基于生物决定论的观点，行为只能通过物理方法来改变，比如选择性生殖（优生学）、基因治疗、脑外科手术或药物。 Criticisms-reductionist, may neglect environmental influences.
心理学专业外语翻译第7页
The behaviourist approach to psychology Origins and history ●The behaviourist approach was influenced by the philosophy of empiricism (which argues that knowledge comes from the environment via the senses,since humans are like a 'tabula rasa',or blank slate ,at birth)and the physical sciences (which emphasise scientific and objective methods of investigation). ●Watson started the behaviourist movement in 1913 when he wrote an article entitled 'Psychology as the behaviourist views it', which set out its main principles and assumptions drawing on earlier work by Pavlov behaviourists such as Watson,Thorndlike and Skinner proceeded to develop theories of learning (such as classical and operant conditioning) that they attempted to use to explain virtually all behaviour. 心理学的行为主义研究方法 起源和历史 行为主义的研究方法受到经验主义哲学和物理科学的影响。前者主张知识来自于感官接受的环境信息，认为人类在出生时像一块白板或空白黑板，后者强调研究方法的客观性和科学性。 华生在1913年发表的论文《一个行为主义研究者眼中的心理学》标志着行为主义运动的开始。文中阐述了他的主要原理和假设，其中有些借鉴了巴甫洛夫早先的成果。行为主义者像华生、桑代克和斯金纳继续发展学习理论（像经典和操作性条件反射），他们试图用其来解释几乎所有的行为。
心理学专业英语单词教学内容
心理学专业英语单词
专业英语1 psychology n.心理学 mind n.心理；心灵；精神 soul n.灵魂 The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes 行为与心理过程的科学研究 philosophy n.哲学 philosopher n.哲学家 Empiricism n.经验主义，源于英国哲学家洛克，认为知识源于后天学习经验。行为主义坚持这一观点，强调必须通过观察与实验来研究客观事实为对象的心理现象，例如外显行为。 Positivism n.实证主义，源于法国哲学家孔德，认为科学只研究可以观察到或经验到的事实，实证即只承认能确证的事实。 biology n.生物学 evolution n.进化 genetics n.遗传学physiology 生理学endocrine n.内分泌；激素physics n.物理学physicist n.物理学家 psychophysics n.心理物理学 separate scientific discipline 独立的科学学科 Principles of psychology 心理学原理 structuralism 结构主义conscious a.有意识的introspection n.内省 image n.意象；心象 sensation n.感觉，知觉 functionalism n.功能主义psychoanalysis n.心理分析therapy n.治疗，疗法 The interpretation of dreams 梦的解析 unconscious mind 无（潜）意识心理 Behaviourism行为主义 experimental psychology 实验心理学 cognitive a.认知的 humanistic a.人本主义的 cognitive psychology 认知心理学 专业英语2 variables 变量 aggression 攻击；侵犯