不定式及其短语在句子中用作定语_动词 英语语法.doc

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初中英语语法精讲2动词不定式用法

初中英语语法精讲2动词不定式用法

动词不定式用法动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。

但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。

另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。

动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。

下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。

一.作主语可以直接作主语。

如:To see is to believe.但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。

如:It's wrong to play tricks on other people.It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj +(for sb.)+(not)to do sth句型中,表示说话人对客观事件的决断,意为:做…..是……的,it仅作形式主语,真正的主语是to do sthIt is very interesting to read.读书是有趣的It is useful to read.看书是有用的It is healthy to run every day.每天跑步是健康的It is a little difficulty for me to work out this question.解出这道题对我来说有点难It is bad not to finish homework.不完成作业是糟糕的It is bad to be late for school.迟到是糟糕的It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪,与It is +adj +(for sb.)+(not)to do sth的意义不同。

非谓语动词作状语(3)

非谓语动词作状语(3)

• 规律(二):
• 当v-ing形式作状语时, 要考虑时态与语态若它 所表示的动作发生在谓 语动作之前,需用 having done, • 如果表被动则用
having been done
3. He rushed to the train station, only ____ the train D had gone. A. finding B. found C. finds D. to find 4.European football is played in 80 countries, ____ A it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET1998) A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
三、动名词
动名词也是动词的一种非限定形式, 由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。 与现在分词构成法相同。它同时具有动词及名词特征。 以下主要介绍其做定语及状语的情况。 1. 作定语 None is allowed to smoke in the waiting room. The speeding car came to a stop all of a sudden. 2. 作状语 介词+动名词可以作状语用, 表示时间、原因、目的、让步、方 式等。例如: After finishing the job, he went home. They went to Manchester with the object of winning the World Championship. He was med for having done something wrong.
(二) 作状语 1. 作目的状语: 不定式作状语时, 其动作发生在谓语动词之后, 一般置于句子末 尾。但是, 如果表示强调, 亦可置于句首。 其否定形式为: 在不定式符号前加not。 He went to Shanghai to visit his parents. To save the earth, we must prevent the earth from being polluted. I shut the door quietly, so as not to wake the baby. 2. 作结果状语: We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy. She left home, never to return again. 3. 作原因状语: 不定式做原因状语时, 一般放在句子末尾。 She burst into laughter to see his funny action. The boy was shocked to see the frightening scene.

不定式的用法

不定式的用法

(一)动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。

这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语,其形式如下:主动形式被动形式一般式(not)to make (not)to be made完成式(not)to have made (not)to have been made进行式(not)to be making完成进行式(not)to have been making(1)语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。

如:It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主语)It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主语)I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作宾语)Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定语)He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作状语)在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。

如:There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)(2)时态1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。

语法英语句子的八大成分定义及例句

语法英语句子的八大成分定义及例句
注意:后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有 call, name, think, make, choose 等,后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有 keep, find, get, think, make 等。动 词不定式作宾语补足语时,当谓语动词为感官动词(如 feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at 等),使役动词(如 let, have, make 等), 17 动词不定式不带to
9
定语
定语为句子的次要成分,起修饰限制名词或代词的作用,可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、 形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充当。
His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。 Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。 The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。 The man downstairs couldn’t sleep well. 楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。 I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。 Can you find out the answer to the question?你能找到这个问题的答案吗? Would you like something to drink? 你想要些喝的东西吗? A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之将死,其言也善。 The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. 送往委员会的建议被采纳了。 Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green? 你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗?

浅谈动词不定式结构及用法

浅谈动词不定式结构及用法

浅谈动词不定式结构及用法动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛,一方面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。

动词不定式的形式一般是to +动词原形,但to有时要省去。

而动词不定式在具体运用时用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法。

现就以下几方面介绍如下。

一、不定式结构1. 带to的不定式结构能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。

如:I want to go to the movies with you.我想跟你一起去看电影。

Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave.在你离开之前别忘了关灯。

注意:动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。

如:Dave told me not to wake up Kate.大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。

2. 不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:(1)在固定词组had better之后。

注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。

如: You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。

It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。

(2)在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如:I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。

I didn’t see you come in.我没看见你进来。

高中英语语法讲义:不定式作定语和状语用法归纳

高中英语语法讲义:不定式作定语和状语用法归纳

高中英语语法讲义:不定式作定语和状语用法归纳不定式是非谓语动词常见的一种形式,它具有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语或宾语;具有形容词的特征,在句子中可以作表语、定语或补足语;具有副词的特征,在句子中可以作状语。

一下主要讲述其作定语和状语的用法。

一、不定式作定语1. 被修饰的名词或词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。

如:There was really nothing to fear. 没有什么值得担心的。

He gave me an interesting book to read. 他给了我一本有趣的书来读。

【注意】如果不定式是不及物动词,后面就得加相应的介词。

如:Mary needs a friend to play with. 玛丽需要一个和她玩的朋友。

They have a strict teacher to listen to. 他们有一个他们得言听计从的严格的老师。

2. 被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语。

如:Have you got a key to unlock door?你有钥匙打开门吗?The action to be taken is correct. 要采取的行动是正确的。

There is nothing to be gained by pretending. 通过假装是得不到好处的。

3. 被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。

这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意义的名词,如ability,effort,attempt,hobby,wish 等。

如:Neither of them had any hobby to do business with Mary. 他们都没有兴趣和玛丽做生意。

I have no wish to quarrel with you. 我不想和你吵架。

4. 动词不定式作定语,有时用主动式表示被动的意义。

如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,还要与相应的介词连用。

高中英语语法复习动词不定式的用法

高中英语语法复习动词不定式的用法

⾼中英语语法复习动词不定式的⽤法动词不定式专题复习动词不定式的形式:动词不定式的⽤法1.不定式作主语⑴原则上,可⽤动词不定式直接作句⼦的主语,通常⽤it作句⼦的形式主语,⽽把不定式移到后⾯,形成“It + 谓语… + 动词不定式…”的句型。

如:To catch the 5:00 bus early in the morning is not a good idea.It is not a good idea to catch the 5:00 bus early in the morning.To learn a foreign language well takes painstaking efforts.It takes painstaking efforts to learn a foreign language well.⑵若要说明不定式的动作的执⾏者,可以在不定式前⾯加上“for + 名词或代词”结构,或是“of + 名词或代词”结构。

It is a great pleasure for me to talk with him. It is very kind of you to help me .⑶可⽤于“of + 名词/代词 + 动词不定式”结构中作主语补⾜语的形容词是指那些可以表⽰⼈或事物的性质或品质的好坏的形容词。

这些词如:careful, cruel, foolish, bold, brave, good, honest, kind, rude,polite, nice,stupid, selfish,silly, wicked, wise, thoughtful, wrong等。

2.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种情况:⼀是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,⼆是“动词+疑问词+带to的不定式”。

⑴“动词+带to的不定式”结构:常见的以不定式作宾语的动词有afford, appear, agree, ask, believe,decide, demand,desire, fail, hope, intend,learn, mean, offer, promise,refuse, wish等。

不定式的句法_句子成分 英语语法.doc

不定式的句法_句子成分 英语语法.doc

不定式的句法_句子成分一、不定式用作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

To talk with him is a great pleasure. 和他谈话是一件非常愉快的事。

To remember this is very important. 记住这一点很重要。

【注】为了避免头重脚轻,在许多情况下,通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后部,而在句首使用的主语位置使用形式主语it:Its very important to remember this. 记住这一点很重要。

Its a pity to leave so early. 这么早走太遗憾。

二、不定式用作表语He seems to be ill. 他似乎有病。

Her wish is to be a teacher. 她的愿望就是当一名教师。

You are not to smoke in this room. 你不应在这个房间里吸烟。

【注】不定式作表语主要有三种情况,一是用于seem, appear, prove, turn out等连系动词之后的不定式(尤其是to be),二是像My job is to sweep the floor(我的工作就是擦地板)这样的主语与表语等价的情形,三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等,再如:We are to meet at the station at three. 我们约定3点钟在车站见面。

(表约定)How are we to convince him? 我们怎么能说服他呢? (表可能性)You are to come when I call. 叫你来的时候,你必须来。

(表命令)三、不定式用作宾语I cant afford to buy a car. 我买不起汽车。

Remember to post the letter. 记住把信寄了。

I hope to be staying with you. 我希望和你住在一起。

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不定式及其短语在句子中用作定语_动词
1.不定式(短语)作定语的时候很多,特别是在某些句型中:Do you have anything more to say?
你还有什么话要说吗?
She wanted to get something to read.
她想找点书看。

He was the first person to think of the idea.
他是第一个产生这个想法的人。

There’s nothing to be wo rried about.
没有什么事值得发愁。

We need someone to help with the typing.
我们需要人帮助打字。

She’s a nice person to work with.
她是一个好共事的人。

2.有些名词后常可跟不定式作定语:
It’s time to start spring sowing.
现在已是开始春播的时候了。

That’s the best way to solve the problem.
这是解决这问题的最好办法。

This will be a good opportunity to exchange experience.
这将是交流经验的好机会。

You have no right to talk like that.
你没有权利这样讲话。

I’d like to have a chance to see more of him.
我愿意有机会多见见他。

3.有些动词和形容词后面常跟不定武,它们的同源名词也常跟不定式作定语:
You haven’t kept your promise to write us regularly.
你没有遵守经常给我们寄信的诺言。

(比较:Yon promised to...) She made no attempt to take a medical degree.
她没有企图拿医学学位。

We could see her anxiety to settle the thing herself.
我们看得出她很想自己来解决这个问题。

(比较:She was anxious to)
His eagerness to go with us was obvious.
他显然想和我们一道去。

4.有些不定式(短语)可作定语,相当于一个定语从句:
Perhaps in years to come (=which are to come) we shall meet again 或许在未来的岁月中我们还会见面。

You are invited to a party(which is)to be held on Wednesday in our club.
邀请你参加星期三在俱乐部举行的晚会。

还有带关系代词的不定式短语用作定语:It was a bad season in which to have outings.这是一个不适合郊游的季节。

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