小学英语语法----句子的种类
句子的种类
类别例句用法
陈述句肯
定
This is a bag. I like spring.
描述一件事情或者说明
说话人的看法
陈述句否
定
I can’t see a bag over there. I don't know.
描述一件事情或者说明
说话人的看法
疑问句一
般
Are you a student? Does she get up early?
Do you like swimming?
Can you speak English?
用于提出问题特
殊
when什么时间；who谁；whose谁的；where在哪里；which
哪一个；why为什么；what什么；what time什么时间；what
colour什么颜色；what about……怎么样；what day星期
几；what date什么日期；what for为何目的；how怎样；
how old多大岁数；how many数量多少；how much多少钱；
how about……怎么样；how far多远
选
择
Is your friend a boy or a girl?
反
意
It’s a fine day, isn’t it?
祁使句肯
定
Put it here.
表示命令、建议或请求否
定
Don’t look at the noticeboard.
感叹句How smart the scarf is! What a smart scarf!
How hard he studies!
表示惊讶、喜悦、赞美、
厌恶或愤怒等强烈感情
(1)一般疑问句
用来询问一件事或情况是否属实。用yes 或 no 来回答。
(2)特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成，不能用yes来no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑问词的提问。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或Beijing.
(3)选择疑问句
提供两种或两种以上的选项供对方选择，前面的选项之间用逗号分隔开来，后两项之间用or连接，回答时选择一种。
Would you like a pear, an apple or a banana ? I’d like a b anana。
(4)反意疑问句
由陈述句加一个简短问句构成，简短问句对陈述句提出相反的疑问。如果陈述句部分是肯定，后面问句就用否定形式；陈述句部分是否定，简短问句则用肯定形式。
He likes music, doesn’t he?
Yes,he does. 是的，他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 不，他不喜欢。
He doesn’t like music, does he ?
Yes,he does. 不，他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 是的，他喜欢。
即回答应该按实际情况来回答，实际情况是肯定的，就用yes。否定的就用no.
小学英语一般疑问句，否定句以及对划线部分提问的解题指导
改为一般疑问句：
先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would，放在最前面，
如没有则判断是否为过去式，是则动词改为原形，句前加Did，其余照抄；
不是则判断是否为第三人称单数，是则动词改为原形，句前加Does,其余照抄
以上都不是，则句前加Do，其余照抄。
改为否定句：
方法和上面一样，
先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would，再后加not，其余照抄
如没有则判断是否为过去式，是则动词改为原形，人后加didn’t，其余照抄；
不是则判断是否为第三人称单数，是则动词改为原形，人后加doesn’t,其余照抄
以上都不是，则人后加don’t，其余照抄
对划线部分提问：
①用适当的疑问词代替划线部分，②将剩余部分改为一般疑问句
（注：如划线部分为主语，则用who代替，其余照抄；如划线部分为动词或动词短语，则用do代替，句前加what，再改为一般疑问句）例如：
He is running now.----- He isn’t ru nning now. ---Is he running now?
---Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.
They are making a puppet.---- They aren’t making a puppet.---Are they making a puppet?
---Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
I often watch TV in the evening.------ I don’t often watch TV in the evening.----
Do you often watch TV in the evening?-----Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
He plays football after school. ---- He doesn’t play football after school.
Does he play football after school?----Yes, he does. No,he doesn’t.
We began class at 8 o’clock yesterday.------ We didn’t begin class at 8 o’clock yesterday.
Did you begin class at 8 o’clock yesterday? ---Yes,we do. No, we don’t.
练一练：
1、填入适当的疑问词。
1) _____wallet is it? It’s mine.2) ____is the Christmas Day? It’s on t he 25th of Decem ber.
3)________is the diary? It’s under the chair. 4) ______is the boy in blue? He’s Mik
e.
5)________are the earphones? They are 25 yuan. 6)________is it to day? It’s Sunda
y. 7)_____is this red one? It’s beautiful.8)___is it from here? It’s about 2 kilom etres away.
9)______is your cousin? He’s 15years old. 10)________do you have dinner? At 6 o’clo ck.
11) ___________one is fatter, the blue one or the red one? The blue one.
2、对划线部分提问。
1) I can see eight rubbers in the box. _________can _____see in the box?
2) My father is fine today. _______ your father toda y?
3) Liu Tao is playing football in the playground. _______Liu Tao_____ in the playgrou nd?
4) My birthday is on the 9th of September. _____________ your birthday?
5) I’d like a nice cake for breakfast. ______________ like for breakfas t?
6) That’s Nancy’s skirt. ___________ is that?
3、按要求改写句子。
1) It’s a book.（改为一般疑问句）____________________________________ _
2) My father is in the office.（对划线部分提问）________________________________
3) Do you watch TV every Sunday?（做肯定回答）______________
4) This picture is beautiful.（改为以what引导的感叹句） What ____________picture!
5) Open the door for him.（改为否定句）_____________________________
6) I have a big present.（对划线部分提问）_______________________________?
7) There are some orange trees.（改为单数句子）__________________________________.
8) we are going to see a Beijing opera.（对划线部分提问）_______________________ ?
9) He has some questions.（改为一般疑问句）___________________________ _?
10) They visited their relatives and friends last Spring Festival.（改为一般疑问句）
_______they ______their relatives and friends last Spring Festival?
二、基本句型：
1.主 + 谓语动词（S+V）如： I work. You study. They swim.
2.主语 + 系动词 + 表语（s +linkv +p）
We are in the classroom. They look like twins.
The food tastes delicious. Leaves turn green.
3.主语 + 谓动 + 宾语（S+V+O） She studies English. They play football.
4. 主语 + 谓动 + 宾语 + 补语（S+V+O+C） We should keep our class clean.
5. 主语 + 谓动 + 间接宾语(人) +直接宾语（物）（S+V+IO+DO）
My mother made me a new dress. The teacher gave us some books.
三、按结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1.简单句：只包括一个主语和谓语的句子。例如：He likes swimming. We are students.
2．并列句：包含两个或两个以上主语和谓语结构的句子，句与句之间用并列连词或分号来连接。如：The food was good, but he had little appetite.
(you must)Hurry up, or you will be late for school.
3.复合句：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子，从句有从属连词（when, while, before, after, as soon as , if, because, so, though, etc.）引导.如：
The film had begun When we got to the cinema.
He didn’t go to school because he was ill yesterday.
练一练：连词成句
4. is，the，what，weather，today，like
____________________________________________
5. you，me，please，could，help
____________________________________________
6. are，what，they，colour
____________________________________________
7. many，minutes，hour，there，how，are，in，an
____________________________________________
8. him，give，please，water，a，of，bottle
____________________________________________
9. to，I，put，the，ball，in，the，box，want
____________________________________________
there/here be结构
1、there be结构表示“某时、某地存在着什么事物或人”，包括there is、there are、there was there were。如：There is a school near my home.
There are many books in my school-bag.
There was a river here.
here be结构与它类似，用法也完全相同，只不过是表示“这里存在着什么事物或人”。
2、与have、has、had的区别：
（1）There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）There be +名词+某地；
而have、has、had表示：某人拥有某物某人+have/has/had +某物。I have five books.
（2）在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is；主语是复数，be 动词用are；如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定——“就近原则”。There is a desk and many chairs. There are some children, a policeman and an old man.
（3）there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
如：There isn’t a shop near my home. Are there some flowers in your bedroom.
（4）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many + 名词复数+ are there + 介词短语？How much + 不可数名词+ is there + 介词短语？
（5）针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What’s +there+ 介词短语？
（6）There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。
练一练：
1、用恰当的be动词填空。
1) There four seasons in a year. 2) There not any trees two years ago.
3) --- there a post office near your school? ---Yes, there .
4) ---How many stops there? ---There only one.
5) There not any stamps on the envelope. 6) there any birds in the tree?
2、选用“have, has, had, there is, there are, there was, there were”填空。
1) I a good father and a good mother. 2) a telescope on the desk.
3) He a tape-recorder. 4) a basketball in the playground.
5) They a nice garden. 6) My father a story-book last year.
7) a reading-room in the building? 8) What does Mike ?
9) any books in the bookcase? 10) How many students in the classroom?
11) a story-book on the table a moment ago. 12) What do you ?
some，any的用法
some用于肯定句；any用于否定句和一般疑问句。请注意看例句后扩号说明的用法。
例：There is some water in the glass. （肯定句）There are some flowers in the garden. （肯定句）There aren’t any lamps in the study.（否定句）Are there any maps on the wall?（一般疑问句）
Would you like some orange juice? （希望得到肯定回答）
Do you want to take any photos at the party? （一般疑问句）
练一练：选用some或any填空。
1) There isn’t milk in the fridge. 2) I can see cars, but I can’t see buses.
3) He has friends in England. 4) Were there fruit trees on the farm?
5) ---Would you like cakes? ---No, I’d not like cakes, but I’d like coffee.
6) Does Tom want to take photos? 7) Is there rice in the kitchen?
8) There are new buildings in our school. 9) Here are presents for you.
10) ---Are there pictures on the wall? ---No, there aren’t pictures.