2016年上海海事大学考研试题830日语语法与翻译
硕士研究生入学考试试卷 (2)
硕士学位研究生入学考试试题一、日汉互译短语翻译（30分）1.マグニチュード2.行方不明者3.福島第一原発事故4.米国債の格下げ5.グラミー賞6.ユネスコ7.ドメスティック・バイオレンス8.NHK9.<<霸王别姬>>10.远亲不如近邻11.无风不起浪12.喜马拉雅山13.画蛇添足14.活到老学到老15.泡沫经济二、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）春の空は定まりにくい。
風の３月、雨降る４月。
不安定は北半球の中緯度帯に共通という。
洋の東西を問わず、花咲く季節は「風雨多し」となる。
その雨が、地をうるおして、野辺の緑を伸ばしてもいく。
風の名や雨の名を、日本人ほど多く持っている国民はないだろうと、文芸評論家の山本健吉が言っていた。
ある文献によれば、風の呼び名は全国で２千を超すそうだ。
雨はどれほどあるのだろう。
「春に三日の晴れなし」で、きょうあす晴れても、週末にはまた各地で荒れ模様になるという。
無粋な「花散らし」に泣く桜の名所もあろう。
春雨と呼びたくなる、煙るようなやわらかい雨なら歓迎したいのだが。
三、将下列短文译为汉语（35分）2013年4月2日、人民日報の報道によると、米国アップル社は今月1日の夜、公式サイトを通じて、中国の消費者への謝罪文を発表した。
それによると、2013年4月以降は保証期間内のスマートフォン（多機能携帯電話）「iPhone4」と「iPhone4S」について、部品の交換ですぐに対処できない故障が生じた場合は新しい端末と交換し、これまで交換に応じなかった背面カバーも新しいものに交換するようにし、さらには保証期間を交換した日から1年とする延長措置を取るという。
アップルは謝罪文の中で、過去2週間に受け取ったアップルの中国での修理・メンテナンス方針に対するフィードバックを「真剣に振り返り」、関連部門とともに中国の「三包規定」（修理、交換、返品の保証に関する規定）を詳細に検討し、また「メンテナンス方針の通知方法」も詳細に検討して、権限を1。
日语能力考试二级语法讲解及练习题
日语能力考试二级语法讲解及练习题日语能力考试二级语法讲解及练习题(1)更新时间：2016年3月28日1．～あげく/～あげくに接続：名词+「の」、动词连用形+「た」意味：表示并非出自原先的愿望，但还是很无奈地导致后项消极结果。
可译为："......之后，结果还是......了"類似：～結果/～末に注意：后项通常以过去时态结句；不能使用表达个人意志的命令、请求等形式例文：1、さんざん迷ったあげく、やめにした。
／犹豫了一顿，最后决定作罢2、口げんかのあげく、つかみあいになった。
／争吵的结果，扭打起来了2．～あまり接続：名词+「の」、用言・助动词连体形意味：接表示感情或状态的名词或动词，表示极度，过度的意思。
可译为：“由于过分......而......；因过于......，而......“類似：～ので/～で注意：一般是描述不好的结果例文：1、母は、弟のことを心配するあまり、病気になった。
／母亲过分担心弟弟的事情，生病了2、忙しさのあまり、友達に電話をしなければならないのをすっかり忘れていた。
／过分的忙碌，连给朋友必须打电话的事都忘得一干二净练习：1．彼女はいろいろと悩んだ＿＿＿＿、結婚をやめてしまった。
①反面②以上③とたん④あげく2．困った＿＿＿＿＿＿、妹にお金を借りることにした。
①ながら②まま③より④あげく3．試験の結果を気にする＿＿＿＿、夜眠れなくなってしまった。
①まで②わけ③あまり④ばかり答案：4，4，31.她因为感到所有的事都烦,最后决定不结婚了。
2.因为贫困，向妹妹借钱了。
3.过于在意考试成绩，夜里睡不着。
日语能力考试二级语法讲解及练习题(2)1．～以上（は）接続：名词+である/な形容词语干+である＋以上（は）い形容词・动词的普通型＋以上（は）意味：因为前项已经是既成事实，所以理所应当就应该做后项或出现这样的后项也不足为奇。
谓语表达的是讲话人所强调的义务、建议、推断、意志等意思。
2016年上海海事大学621综合英语考研真题精选
2016年上海海事大学621综合英语考研真题精选(总分：94.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、Grammar and Vocabulary(总题数：34，分数：34.00)1.Professor Brown is becoming increasingly ________; last week he locked himself out of his laboratory three times.（分数：1.00）A.obliviousB.mindlessC.forgetfulD.absent2.Making colors vanish is one of this machine’s ________features.（分数：1.00）A.uniqueB.certainC.solitaryD.only3.________ care would have prevent the road accident.（分数：1.00）A.MuchB.A littleC.LittleD.Less4.It was most presumptuous ________them to behave like that.（分数：1.00）A.ofB.inC.onD.at5.From the distance ________.（分数：1.00）A.came sporadic shotsB.sporadic shots cameC.did sporadic shots comeD.sporadic shots did come6.Dictatorship is the one of many evils which ________to perpetuate itself.（分数：1.00）A.tendedB.tendsC.tendD.have tended7.In dealing with the problem, Sophia felt at her ________.（分数：1.00）A.wits endB.wit’s endC.wits endsD.wit’s ends8.I ________ to call on you, but was prevented from doing so.（分数：1.00）A.intendedB.have intendedC.intendD.had intended9.The news might be unexpected; ________it is true.（分数：1.00）A.neverthelessB.furthermoreC.inasmuchD.albeit10.Elena said I did it, ________?（分数：1.00）A.did IB.doesn’t sheC.didn’t ID.didn’t she11.There is no man ________errs.（分数：1.00）A.whoB.thatC.yetD.but12.________ about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night.（分数：1.00）A.So much he worriesB.So much does he worryC.So he worries muchD.So worries he13.Everyone in the team was successful, ________?（分数：1.00）A.wasn’t heB.wasn’t everyoneC.was heD.was everyone14.The cadets spent ________their time working out the issue.（分数：1.00）A.bothB.mostC.moreD.half15.This was the first time Tracy ________ to travel by driving her own SRV.（分数：1.00）A.triesB.has triedC.had triedD.tried16.By the time the distinguished guests from Nauru arrived in Shanghai for Expo, we ________ everything ready.（分数：1.00）A.had gotB.gotC.have gotD.get17.American continent was ________an empty land by the time of Columbus’ “discovery”.（分数：1.00）A.anythingB.something butC.anything butD.something18.Many a bustling metropolis in the world ________confronted with traffic issue.（分数：1.00）A.isB.hasC.areD.have19.Betty, an intriguing actress in the troupe, was ________to tell the truth.（分数：1.00）A.too much of a cowardB.too much cowardC.too a cowardD.to coward20.The congress has decreed that the amnesty ________.（分数：1.00）A.will be maintainedB.be maintainedC.will maintainD.maintains21.At the end of the semester, you are required to write a ________.（分数：1.00）A.six-hundred-wordsB.six-hundred-wordC.six-hundreds-wordsD.six-hundreds-word22.Follow the instruction step by step, ________ you’ll fail.（分数：1.00）A.andB.orC.otherwiseD.therefore23.Follow the instruction step by step, ________you’ll success.（分数：1.00）A.andB.orC.otherwiseD.therefore24.Much ________ I respect him, I cannot agree to his suggestion.（分数：1.00）A.thatB.asC.sinceD.but25.________she fail to come, I have to do it on my own.（分数：1.00）A.WouldB.WillC.MightD.Should26.Your article on fish and wildlife is needed by next week, so make sure you keep to the ________.（分数：1.00）A.dead spotB.dead lockC.deadlineD.dead end27.Please fill in the questionnaire and return it to market ________because they want to know the effects of their advertising as soon as possible.（分数：1.00）A.studyB.examinationrmationD.enquiry28.We all understood the ________of Neil Postman’s argument after studying the essay.（分数：1.00）A.matterB.gistC.tenorD.pitch29.A series of border incidents ________led the two countries to war.（分数：1.00）A.avoidablyB.distinctlyC.actuallyD.inevitably30.The twin brother showed great ________to their elder sister, who had acted as sole parent to them since their parents died during the American Civil War.（分数：1.00）A.allegianceB.devotionplianceD.subjection31.The UNDP has the obligation to ________ funds to the poverty-stricken areas in developing countries.（分数：1.00）A.consignB.transferC.entrustmit32.With time, the memory of childhood quarrels and frictions among family members will fade into ________.（分数：1.00）A.obliterationB.oblivionC.realizationD.thin air33.________the invention of word processors, writers left us manuscripts, a priceless heritage.（分数：1.00）A.In addition toB.Prior toC.Akin toD.With reference to34.Around Caracas, the ________ farmland of the valley floor, originally used for growing sugar cane and coffee, was soon absorbed by the expansion of the city.（分数：1.00）A.fertileB.futileC.luxuriantD.luxurious二、Reading Comprehension(总题数：8，分数：40.00)Passage AMany Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe, “The streets would be littered with people lying here and there.” Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant’s weight is made up of natural pesticides, says he: “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare.” And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens—a substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms might be banned if they were judged by the same standard that applies to food additives. Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University: “We’ve got far worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made.”Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink.To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens.（分数：5）(1).What does the author think of the Americans’ view of their food?（分数：1）A.They overstate the government’s interference with the food industry.B.They are overoptimistic about the safety of their food.C.They overestimate the hazards of their food.D.They overlook the risks of the food they eat.(2).The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because ________.（分数：1）A.no food is free from pollution in the environmentB.pesticides are widely used in agricultureC.many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicalsD.almost all foods have additives(3).By saying “they employ chemical warfare” (Underlined), Bruce Ames means ________.（分数：1）A.plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseasesB.plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growthC.farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plantsD.farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases(4).The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on ________.（分数：1）A.the governmentB.the consumerC.the processorD.the grower(5).What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?（分数：1）A.Eating and drinking have become more hazardous than before.B.Immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processing.C.Health food is not a dream in modern society.D.There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption.Passage BWelcome to the U.S.A.! Major credit cards are accepted!”By the millions they are coming no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masses longing for a better living. These are the wealthy. “We don’t have a budget,” says a biologist from Brazil, as she walks with two companions through New York City’s South Street. “We just use our credit cards.”The US has long been one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations, but this year has been exceptional. First, there was the World Cup, which drew thousands from every corner of the globe; then came the weakening of the US dollar against major currencies. Now the US, still the world’s superpower, can also claim to be the world’s bargain basement. Nobody undersells America these days on just about everything, from consumer electronics to fashion clothes to tennis rackets. Bottom retail prices anywhere from 30 % to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $ 79 billion in 1994. That’s up from $74 billion the year before.True, not everyone comes just for bargains. There remains an undeniable fascination in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood films and US television series. But shopping the USA is proving irresistible. Every week thousands arrive with empty suitcases ready to be filled; some even rent an additional hotel room to hold their purchases. The buying binge has become as important as watching Old Faithful Fountains erupt in Yellowstone Park or sunbathing on a beach in Florida.The US has come at last to appreciate what other countries learned long ago: the pouring in of foreign tourists may not always be convenient, but it does put money in the bank. And with a trade deficit at about $130 billion and growing for the past 12 months, the US needs all the deposits it can get. Compared with American tourists abroad, visitors to the US stay longer and spend more money at each stop; an average of 12.2 night and $ 1624 a traveler versus the Americans’ four nights and $298.（分数：5）(1).From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourists like her ________.（分数：1）A.are reluctant to carry cash with themB.simply don’t care how much they spendC.are not good at planning their expenditureD.often spend more money than they can afford(2).The reason why 1994 was exceptional is that ________.（分数：1）A.it saw an unusually large number of tourists to the USB.it witnessed a drop in the number of tourists to the USC.tourism was hardly affected by the weakening of the US dollar that yearD.Tourists came to the US for sightseeing rather than for bargains that year(3).By saying “nobody undersells America” (Underlined), the author means that ________.（分数：1）A.no other country underestimates the competitiveness of American productsB.nobody expects the Americans to cut the prices of their commoditiesC.nobody restrains the selling of American goodsD.no other country sells at a lower price than America(4).Why does the author assert that all things American are fascinating to foreigners?（分数：1）A.Because they have gained much publicity through the American mediaB.Because they represent the world’s latest fashionsC.Because they embody the most sophisticated technologyD.Because they are available at all tourist destinations(5).From the passage we can conclude that the US has come to realize ________.（分数：1）A.the weakening of the US dollar can result in trade deficitsB.the lower the retail prices, the greater in profitsC.tourism can make great contributions to its economyD.visitors to the US are wealthier than US tourists abroadPassage CImagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion—a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society’s economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals,we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object’s physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us—hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life—from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed; in order to maintain itself it gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.（分数：5）(1).The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that ________.（分数：1）A.they would not be able to tell the texture of objectsB.they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to themC.they would not be happy with a life without loveD.they would do things that hurt each other’s feelings(2).According to the passage, people’s learning activities are possible because they ________.（分数：1）A.believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay aliveB.benefit from providing help and support to one anotherC.enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thingD.know what is vital to the progress of society(3).It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on ________.（分数：1）A.the ability to make moneyB.the will to work for pleasureC.the capacity to enjoy incentivesD.the categorizations of our emotional experiences(4).Emotions are significant for man’s survival and adaptation because ________.（分数：1）A.they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objectsB.they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintainedC.they encourage people to perform dangerous achievementsD.they generate more love than hate among people(5).The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they ________.（分数：1）A.help society exploit its members for profitB.encourage us to perform important tasksC.help to perfect the legal and penal systemD.help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding usPassage DOpportunities for rewarding work become fewer for both men and women as they grow older. After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejection. Our youth-oriented, throw-away culture sees little value in older people. In writer Lilian Hellman’s words, they have “the wisdom that comes with age that we can’t make use of.”Unemployment and economic need for work is higher among older women, especially minorities, than among younger white women. A national council reports these findings: Though unemployed longer when seeking work, older women job-hunt harder, hold a job longer with less absenteeism, perform as well or better, are more reliable, and are more willing to learn than men or younger women. Yet many older women earn poor pay and face a future of poverty in their retirement years. When “sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer on the doorstep—it moves in,” according to Tish Sommers, director of a special study on older women for the National Organization for Women.Yet a 1981 report on the White House Conference on Aging shows that as a group, older Americans are the “wealthiest, best fed, best housed, healthiest, most self-reliant older population in our history.” This statement is small comfort to those living below the poverty line, but it does explode some of the old traditional beliefs and fears. Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years. They have few role models because in previous generations the life span was much shorter and expectations of life were fewer. They are ploughing new ground.Employers are beginning to recognize that the mature person can bring a great deal of stability and responsibility to a position. One doesn’t lose ability and experience on the eve of one’s 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grows up instantly at age 21.（分数：5）(1).After the age of 40, ________.（分数：1）A.most workers are tired of their present jobsB.many workers tend to stick to their present jobsC.people find their jobs more rewarding than beforeD.people still wish to hunt for more suitable jobs(2).From Heilman’s remark, we can see that ________.（分数：1）A.full use has been made of the wisdom of older peopleB.the wisdom of older people is not valued by American societyC.older people are no less intelligent than young peopleD.the wisdom of older people is of great value to American society(3).Tish Sommers argues that ________.（分数：1）A.older women find it hard to escape povertyB.older women usually perform better in their jobsC.the major cause of the poverty of older women is sexismD.more people have come to believe in sexism and ageism(4).According to the third paragraph, it can be seen that older Americans ________.（分数：1）A.have more job opportunities than young peopleB.live below the poverty lineC.have new opportunities to remain active in societyD.no longer believe in the promise of a happy life upon retirement(5).It can be concluded from the passage that the writer ________.（分数：1）A.calls attention to the living conditions of older AmericansB.believes that the value of older people is gaining increasing recognitionC.attempts to justify the youth-oriented, throw-away culture of the United StatesD.argues people should not retire at the age of 65 or 70Passage EThere were several reasons why the Industrial Revolution started in the Great Britain rather than in France, the other great power of the day. In the first place, Britain had the money necessary to finance the larger enterprises. England’s supremacy on the seas had encouraged commerce, and Englishmen had been amassing wealth through their commerce and industry. The newly rich classes in that country were not the aristocratic group, but merchants and businessmen who were willing to devote themselves to industry and scientific agriculture. The wealth of France, on the other hand, was largely in the hands of the nobility, and they were not willing to do the necessary work to develop industry. In the second place, Great Britain had undertaken very early the manufacturing of inexpensive and more practical products for which there would be ever-growing demand from the people, especially the new middle class. On the other hand, France produced articles in the luxury class. These could never be turned out in quantities because they demanded individuality. England was the producer of goods that were produced in quantities, and if she could find a cheaper means of producing them, her markets would grow. So she was ready for methods that would make it possible to manufacture in large quantities. In the third place, for a long time England had large numbers of semiskilled workers. When the feudal system broke down in England and the manors were turned to sheep raising, numbers of Englishmenwent to the towns. There they engaged in weaving, making shoes, wood carving and many other occupations that developed skills. When the industrial revolution began, these men were available for the work on the new machines. Moreover they were free men who could move from place to place as the need for workers arose. This and not been the case in France, which was still chiefly and agricultural country with peasants bound to their masters in many ways so they could not easily move to the cities. In the fourth place, coal was abundant in Great Britain, and a large amount of this cheap fuel was necessary for running the factories. There was coal in northern France, too, but France was late in tapping such resources because really everyone depended directly or indirectly on farming for his living.（分数：5）(1).Britain had the money necessary to develop industry because ________.（分数：1）A.Britain was much wealthier than France at that timeB.the British government encouraged the development of industryC.the merchants and businessmen were willing to finance the industryD.the aristocratic group was willing to develop the industry(2).According to the passage, French people attached importance to ________.（分数：1）A.the quantities of the articlesB.the individuality of the articlesC.the practicality of the articlesD.the price of the articles(3).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：1）A.The wealth of France was largely in the hands of new middle class.B.French people were bound to the new machines.C.France was more likely to produce goods in quantities.D.France could not get free workers necessary to the industry.(4).When the industrial revolution began, Englishmen ________.（分数：1）A.were busy amassing wealth through commerce and industryB.had found a cheaper means of producing goods needed in quantitiesC.depended on farming for their livingD.could move from place to place as the need for workers arose(5).What can be inferred from the passage?（分数：1）A.The demand for luxury goods was limited.B.Industrial Revolution was the result of the interaction of various factors.C.French people preferred farming to industry and commerce.D.Coal was very important to people’s life.Passage FThe “standard of living” of any country means the average person’s share of the goods and services which the country produces. A country’s standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. “Wealth” in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things money can buy: “goods” as food and clothing, and “service” such as transport and entertainment.A country’s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country’s natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other mineral, water supply and so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess none of them. The USA is one; of the wealthiest regions of the world because she hasvast natural resources within her borders, her soul is fertile, and her climate is varied. The Sahara Desert, on the other hand, is one of the least wealthy.Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country’s people. Old countries that have, through many centuries, trained up numerous skilled craftsmen and technicians are better placed to produce wealth. As a country becomes wealthier, its people have a large margin for saving, and can put their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to produce mire goods in their working day.A country’s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. For example, Britain’s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would otherwise be lacking. A country’s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, provided that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.（分数：5）(1).According to the author, a nation’s wealth depends upon ________.（分数：1）A.its standard of livingB.its moneyC.its ability to provide goods and servicesD.its ability to provide entertainment(2).The best title for the passage would be ________.（分数：1）A.The wealth of a countryB.The standard of livingC.The natural resources of a countryD.None of the above(3).The word “foremost” in the first paragraph most probably means ________.（分数：1）A.firstlyrgelyC.for the most partD.most importantly(4).The main idea of the second paragraph is that ________.（分数：1）A.the USA is one of the richest countries in the worldB.the Sahara Desert is a very poor regionC.a country’s wealth depends on many factorsD.natural resources are an important factor in the wealth or poverty of a country(5).Which of the following about Britain’s wealth is TRUE according to the passage?（分数：1）A.Britain’s wealth is entirely produced and consumed within its borders.B.Britain is more dependent upon trade than any other country in the world.C.Britain manufactures more than it needs for home consumption.D.Britain wealth lies only in what it can manufacture.Passage GIn some ways the employment interview is like a persuasive speech because the applicant (interviewee) seeks to persuade the employer (interviewer) to employ him or her. Several suggestions might prove helpful for ascertaining certain types of information prior to the interview. First, the applicant should know what kind of job he wants and how that job relates to his career objective. It is important that the applicant be able to state his reasons for wishing to work for a particular company. Second, the applicant should seek as much information as possible concerning the company. Relevant information for the applicant to locate includes such items as the location of the home and regional offices, the financial status of the company, plans for expansion, and company philosophy. Information about most major corporations is available in reference books and periodicals.After gathering information concerning the company, the applicant is ready for the interview. The interviewer’s first impression comes from the interviewer’s appearance. For most interviews, appropriate dress for men is a conservative dark colored suit with a long sleeve white or light blue shirt and conservative tie. For women a conservative, tailored suit or dress is appropriate. Both men and women should have neat, conservative length hair.Although hairstyle and dress matters are personal tastes, many personnel directors form initial impression from these characteristics. For example, one recent college graduate, who felt himself qualified, interviewed for public relations job. However, the personnel manager considered the young man’s long hair, sloppy dress, and overly casual manner unsuited for this particular position.（分数：5）(1).For whom is the passage most likely written?（分数：1）A.An employee.B.An employer.C.An interviewee.D.An interviewer.(2).As the author suggests, what the applicant should know before the interview is ________.（分数：1）A.the type of work and his career expectationB.his career objective a particular company will decideC.the reasons a particular company has to employ himD.All of the above.(3).Before the interview, the applicant should obtain some information about ________.（分数：1）A.most major corporationsB.the company he wants to work forC.reference books and periodicalsD.business and philosophy(4).What the applicant wears, as the author suggests, can make him look ________.（分数：1）A.personalB.persuasivermativeD.conservative(5).What is the author trying to tell us through the example in the last paragraph?（分数：1）A.The importance of personal taste.B.The importance of public relations.C.The importance of self-confidence.D.The importance of first impression.Passage H。
上海海事大学812英语语法与翻译2011--2017年考研真题
2017年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目代码812 考试科目名称语法与翻译I.Choose from the following four choices marked A, B, C, and D in each sentence the one that best suits the sentence, and write the corresponding capital letters in the numbered group of five in the answer sheet (see the following model ).There are 50 sentences in all, each of which is worth one point. (50 points)Model: 1—5: ABCDA, 6—10: ABCDA11—15：ACBCA，16—20：BDBAC1. The early linear teaching ma chines could not judge the student’s response nor, indeed, even determine that the student responded.A.isB. wasC. haveD. had2. No one knows quite what it was, the first encyclopedia. Still less what was, or ought to have been, in .A.itB. thatC. suchD. all3. For instance, the sound p requires complete closure of the lips, that air coming from the lungs builds up pressure in the mouth, giving rise to the characteristic popping sound when the lip closure is released.A.suchB. nowC. soD. but4. chosen as the most outstanding student on her campus made her parents excited.A.Marta beingB. Marta had beenC. Marta has beenD. Marta’s being5. He has made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science.A. which I think it isB. I think which isC. which I think isD. of which I think it is6. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by the timethey were finished.A. could loseB. would have lostC. might loseD. ought to have lose7. Most electronic devices of this kind, manufactured for such purpose, are tightly packed.A.that areB. it isC. which isD. as are8. The man had been drinking too much; , not age ,explained his unsteady walk.A.thatB. thisC. itD. which9. The widest benefits of the electronic revolution will accrue the young.A.toB. forC. withD./10. Have you ever been in a situation you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree withhim?A. by whichB. thatC. in thatD. where11. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe it provides the building blocks from whichthe other elements are produced.A. so thatB. but thatC. in thatD. provided that12. was chosen made a tremendous stir in the town.A.It is she not heB. Being she not he第1页（共5页）。
2016全国硕士研究生入学统一考试日语模拟卷
2016全国硕士研究生入学统一考试日语模拟卷（中期测试）说明：本套题目是由明王道考研日语教研组所出，目的是帮助测试当前的复习状况，以此确定以后的复习计划。
为了更快地测试大家水平，题量有所控制，大概是真题的一半题量，请于1小时内做完。
答案附在后面，可自行打分。
学员请将翻译题发至宵寒老师。
一、完形日本人の生活習慣も、時代とともに変わっていく。
ほんの少し前までは、春や秋になると、タタミを乾燥させる（1）、家の中からタタミを外に出す光景があちこちで見られたものである。
どんなに忙しい生活をしている人でも、これだけは（2）。
タタミは暮らしの中に季節感を作り出していたのである。
最近では、タタミがだんだんみられなくなってきている。
タタミの上（3）座る、タタミの上で家族みんなで食卓をかこむ、タタミの上にふとんを敷いて眠る。
客が来れば、そのタタミの上にてをついてあいさつする。
それがあたりまえだった生活は、つい昨日のことである。
タタミは日常の生活と共にあったのである。
タタミと言う言葉は、古い時代の文学や記録にも出ている。
昔から日本人の生活の中にあったものと考えてよいのであろうが､そのころは、床に敷く布や毛布のようなものをタタミと読んでいたらしい。
そして、使わない時はたたんでしまっていた。
（4）、「たたむ」ものだからタタミという言葉が生まれたのだろうと思われる。
また、昔の詩の中にこうある。
「旅に出た人の使っていたタタミは動かしても汚してもならない」と。
なぜなら、人は旅に出ている時でも故郷に自分の心を残しており､その心はタタミの上にも残っている。
そのタタミ（5）留守のあいだ大事にしないと、旅で危険な目に会ったり､病気になったりすると信じられていたからだ。
昔は、タタミはひとりひとりが自分だけで使うものだったのである。
（6）時代は変わり、タタミはしだいに現在のような形と大きさのものになってくる。
一人の人が寝られるぐらいの（7）がタタミ一枚の標準となり、それにあわせて部屋の大きさも決められるようになった。
上海海事大学812语法与翻译2017年考研初试真题
2017年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目代码812 考试科目名称语法与翻译I.Choose from the following four choices marked A, B, C, and D in each sentence the one that best suits the sentence, and write the corresponding capital letters in the numbered group of five in the answer sheet (see the following model ).There are 50 sentences in all, each of which is worth one point. (50 points)Model: 1—5: ABCDA, 6—10: ABCDA11—15：ACBCA，16—20：BDBAC1. The early linear teaching ma chines could not judge the student’s response nor, indeed, even determine that the student responded.A.isB. wasC. haveD. had2. No one knows quite what it was, the first encyclopedia. Still less what was, or ought to have been, in .A.itB. thatC. suchD. all3. For instance, the sound p requires complete closure of the lips, that air coming from the lungs builds up pressure in the mouth, giving rise to the characteristic popping sound when the lip closure is released.A.suchB. nowC. soD. but4. chosen as the most outstanding student on her campus made her parents excited.A.Marta beingB. Marta had beenC. Marta has beenD. Marta’s being5. He has made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science.A. which I think it isB. I think which isC. which I think isD. of which I think it is6. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by the timethey were finished.A. could loseB. would have lostC. might loseD. ought to have lose7. Most electronic devices of this kind, manufactured for such purpose, are tightly packed.A.that areB. it isC. which isD. as are8. The man had been drinking too much; , not age ,explained his unsteady walk.A.thatB. thisC. itD. which9. The widest benefits of the electronic revolution will accrue the young.A.toB. forC. withD./10. Have you ever been in a situation you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree withhim?A. by whichB. thatC. in thatD. where11. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe it provides the building blocks from whichthe other elements are produced.A. so thatB. but thatC. in thatD. provided that12. was chosen made a tremendous stir in the town.A.It is she not heB. Being she not he第1页（共5页）。
JLPT日本语能力考N2真题阅读翻译（2016年12月）
JLPT日本语能力考N2真题阅读翻译（2016年12月）仅供参考，如有疑问请联系。
【问题9】以下是杂志的栏目。
日本开始的厕所标志公厕入口画的男女的图片标志。
有那个标志的话，即使没有用文字写“厕所”大家也知道那里是厕所。
世界各地使用的这个厕所标志实际上是日本诞生的，大家知道吗？厕所标志诞生的契机是1964年东京奥林匹克运动会的举行。
东京奥运会是首个在不使用拉丁字母国家举行的奥运会，最大的问题就是语言障碍。
当时日本国内的指引牌上基本上都是用日语写着“洗手间”。
但是这样的话来自世界90多个国家的运动员就看不懂了。
话虽如此，但又不能用所有国家的语言写上。
为了让所有国家的人都能看懂，于是制作指引牌的工作人员就想到了用图画的形式来表示。
就这样厕所的标志诞生了。
另外还有，表示食堂、澡堂、公共电话等地方的标志和表示游泳、排球等比赛的标志也制作出来了。
表示比赛项目的标志，首次在此次奥运会得到全面使用，受到了好评。
而且在之后的奥运会中，虽说设计有所改变，但每次都有使用。
以厕所标志为代表的、以东京奥运会为契机诞生的所有标志，跨越了语言障碍，现在作为新的交流方式，广布世界。
那一定是（让所有人都容易理解）这份心意传遍了世界的结果。
【问题10】（1）“规则”为何存在呢。
为了理解运动首先要明确的是“运动是让人类享受的东西”。
这是出发点。
绝不是“世上不可缺少的东西”也不是生存不可或缺的东西，是为了享受而存在的东西，为了能享受运动，规则才存在。
而且在规则的约束下一分胜负，如果这样做感觉不到乐趣的话，做运动的价值就没有了。
（2）以下是某公司内部的文件。
各位员工关于使用暖气的拜托事项。
严冬伊始，暖气用量大增，12月的电费较上月增长了30%。
为节约用电，请把室内温度设定在22度以下，记得关掉空房间的暖气，千万不要忘记下班时关掉所有暖气。
还有，请通过增减衣服等方法保暖，不要过度依赖暖气，请多多配合。
（3）为实现“做想做之事”的目标，实际上仅仅（一个劲地达成眼前的目标）就足够了。
上海外国语大学考研日汉互译真题2016
上海外国语大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试日汉互译试题（考试时间180分钟，满分150分，共3页）一、将下列日语文章翻译成中文。
（30）日本は戦後70年の節目を「戦後レジームからの脱却」を掲げる安倍晋三政権下で迎えた。
だが戦後レジームからの脱却とは名ばかりで、安倍政権の行動はその正反対に映る。
冷戦の中で成立し、機能してきた戦後レジームは、冷戦終結から25年を経て崩壊しかけている。
それを何が何でも死守しようとするあまり、実質的な改憲を閣議決定によって行おうとするなど、強引な手段に訴えるようになっている。
真の意味で戦後レジームから脱却するために必要なのは、「民主主義革命」であると考える。
戦後民主主義は、連合国軍総司令部（ＧＨＱ）が先頭に立った外科手術的改革によって成立した。
日本の民主主義は敗戦の結果によってもたらされた。
だがその戦後民主主義に相当な無理があったことが露呈してきた。
顕著な例が自民党議員の勉強会「文化芸術懇話会」における、経団連を使って批判的なマスコミを懲らしめるべきとの発言だ。
この発言は言論や報道の自由への露骨な抑圧であり、要するに民主主義の破壊である。
昨年６月に東京都議会で問題になった女性蔑視のやじも同様だ。
人権侵害を含む内容であったにもかかわらず、実質的に誰も処分されていない。
女性参政権もＧＨＱの改革によって確立したことを思えば、「占領政策の結果なんてものは無効にしてしまえ」という流れの一つであることがわかる。
（白井聡「ほころび始めた戦後民主主義」より）二、将下列日语文章翻译成中文。
（40）最近、廊下の電灯と寝ている部屋の隣の居間の常夜灯を消して寝るようになった。
常夜灯というのは丸型の蛍光灯の真ん中いうと、猫がいるからで、「夜中に家の中を猫がうろうろ歩き回るときに真っ暗だとかわいそうだ。
」と思ったのがきっかけになったか、引っ越してきて今も家の構造にまで慣れないころにつけていたのがそのまま習慣になってしまったのかどちらかだと思う。