西北工业大学攻读博士学位入学考试《英语》考试大纲
博士入学考试大纲全解
博士入学考试大纲全解博士入学考试是评估考生能力和知识水平的重要环节，通过全面解读博士入学考试大纲，我们可以更好地准备和应对这一挑战，提高自己的考试成绩。
本文将全面解析博士入学考试大纲，帮助考生更好地理解考试内容和要求。
一、考试大纲概述博士入学考试大纲是考试的依据和指导文件，它明确了考试的目标、内容和要求。
考生在备考过程中，必须对大纲进行全面理解和准确掌握，以确保备考的针对性和高效性。
1.1 考试目标博士入学考试的目标是评估考生的学术能力、研究潜力和创新能力。
考试要求考生对所申请的学科领域有深入的理解和掌握，并具备独立开展科学研究的能力。
1.2 考试内容博士入学考试内容包括学科基础知识、专业知识和科研能力。
学科基础知识主要考查考生对所申请学科领域的基本理论知识和重要概念的掌握程度；专业知识主要考查考生对所申请学科领域的前沿知识和研究进展的了解程度；科研能力主要考查考生的科学研究思维和方法的应用能力。
二、学科基础知识解析学科基础知识是博士入学考试的重要组成部分，它是考生顺利通过考试的基础。
学科基础知识主要包括以下几个方面的内容。
2.1 基础理论知识基础理论知识是考生在所申请学科领域必须具备的基本知识。
考生需要掌握学科的核心理论、基本概念和基础原理，并能够应用于研究和实践中。
2.2 方法和技能方法和技能是考生在博士研究中必备的能力。
考生需要了解和掌握相关学科领域的研究方法和技术，并能够熟练运用于具体研究项目中。
2.3 学科前沿进展学科前沿进展是考生对所申请学科领域的了解程度的重要评判标准。
考生需要关注学科领域的最新研究成果和前沿进展，了解国内外学术界的最新动态。
三、专业知识解析专业知识是博士入学考试中的重要一环，它考查考生对所申请学科领域的深入了解和掌握程度。
专业知识主要包括以下几个方面的内容。
3.1 专业核心知识专业核心知识是考生在博士研究中必须具备的知识体系。
考生需要掌握学科领域核心的理论、方法和技术，并能够灵活应用于科学研究中。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：46
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Cosmic rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are（）off.问题1选项A.avoidedB.excludedC.screenedD.separated【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
avoid “避免，避开”；exclude “排除，不包括”；screen “筛，拍摄，放映”；separate “分开，隔开”。
句意：不同种类的宇宙线从外太空穿透空气，但是大量的太阳辐射都被阻挡了。
选项C符合题意。
2.单选题The economy grew at its fastest rate since 1980 thanks to a(n)（）in world trade.问题1选项A.inflationB.stimulusC.bulgeD.boom【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
inflation “膨胀；通货膨胀”；stimulus “刺激；激励”；bulge “膨胀；凸出部分”；boom “繁荣”。
句意：由于世界贸易的繁荣，经济自1980年以来以最快的速度增长。
选项D符合题意。
3.单选题His（） and unwillingness to learn from others prevent him from being an effective member of the team.问题1选项A.arroganceB.dignityC.humilityD.solitude【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
arrogance “自负；傲慢态度”；dignity “尊严；高贵”；humility “谦卑；谦逊”；solitude “孤独；隐居；荒僻的地方”。
2024年博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲
2024年博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲2024 Doctoral Graduate Entrance Examination English Exam OutlineI. Listening ComprehensionThis section of the exam will test the candidates' ability to understand spoken English in academic and professional settings. Candidates will listen to a series of recordings, including lectures, conversations, and presentations, and answer multiple-choice questions based on the content. The topics will cover a wide range of subjects relevant to doctoral studies, such as research methods, literature reviews, and academic discussions.II. Reading ComprehensionIn this section, candidates will read academic texts, including scholarly articles, research papers, and book excerpts, and answer questions to demonstrate their understanding of the content. The passages will be of varying lengths and complexity, requiring candidates to identify main ideas, supporting details, and logical relationships within the text.III. Writing SkillsCandidates will be required to demonstrate their ability to write coherent and well-structured essays on a variety of topics related to their field of study. This section will test candidates' proficiency in academic writing, including the ability to formulate clear arguments, provide evidence to support their claims, and organize their ideas in a logical manner. Candidates may be asked to analyze a case study, evaluate a research question, or propose a research methodology.IV. Vocabulary and GrammarThis section will assess candidates' knowledge of vocabulary and grammar in academic English. Candidates will be tested on their ability to use complex vocabulary and grammar structures accurately and appropriately in written and spoken English. This section may include exercises on word meaning, word usage, sentence structure, and grammatical rules.V. Speaking SkillsCandidates will be required to engage in conversations and discussions on academic topics with examiners. This section will test candidates' ability to express ideas clearly and coherently, respond to questions, and engage in academic discourse. Candidates will be evaluated on their fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary usage, and grammar accuracy.Overall, the 2024 Doctoral Graduate Entrance Examination English Exam is designed to assess candidates' readiness for doctoral studies by evaluating their listening, reading, writing, speaking, vocabulary, and grammar skills in academic English. Candidates are encouraged to prepare thoroughly for the exam by practicing listening and reading comprehension, academic writing, vocabulary building, and speaking skills in English. Good luck to all the candidates!。
西北工业大学2017年博士研究生1001考博英语第一次招生考试试题(全)
Part One Structure and Written ExpressionDirection: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (20%)1.The doctor's ________ is that she' 11 soon be as good as new if she takes insulin and watches her diet.A.agnosticismB.anticipationC.diagnosisD.prognosis2.It is ________ understood by all concerned that the word no one who visits him ever breathe a syllable of in his heating will remain forever unspoken.A.uncommunicativelyB. acceptablyC. tacitlyD. taciturnly3.________ springs not out of true and deep admiration, but more often out of a self-seeking wish to identify with someone important or famous.A.A complimentB.An adulatoryC.FlatteryD.Praise4.Leaving for work in plenty of time to catch the train will ________ worry about being late.A.rule offB.preventC.avoidD.obviate5.Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so _________ and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe.A.vociferouslyB. patrioticallyC.verboselyD. loquaciously6.People suffering from __________ prefer to stay shut in their homes and become panic-stricken in large public buildings and open fields.A.acrophobiaB. agoraphobiaC.claustrophobiaD. xenophobia7.All normal human beings are ___________ at least to a degree - they get a feeling of warmth and kinship from engaging in group activities.A.segregatedB.congregationalC. gregariousD.egregious8.He is ____________ drinker, who has been imbibing for so long that he has figuratively speaking, grown old with the vice.A.an inveterateB.an incorrigibleC. a chronicD.an unconscionable9.We listened dumb-struck, full of ____________, to the shocking details of the corruption of the ex- president of the company.A.incredulityB.ingenuityC. ingenuousnessD. incredibility10.Too much ____________ can possibly lead to unhappiness, even to thoughts of suicide as few people have the courage to analyze themselves objectively and minutely.A.retrospectB.introspectionC. perspicacityD.perspicuity11.Hydrocarbons, __________ by engine exhausts, react with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight to form complex toxic gases.A.are given offB.give offC.they are given offD. given off12.He could hardly __________ his temper when he saw the state of his office.A.hold inB.hold upC.hold offD.hold out13.The statesman was evidently __________ the journalist' s questions and glared at him fora few seconds.A.put downB.put outC.put acrossD.put away14.__________, it is widely used in making flares and fireworks.A.as the brilliant white light that burning magnesium producesB.Because of the brilliant white light of burning magnesiumC. The brilliant white light of burning magnesiumD.Burning magnesium produces a brilliant white light15.________ to tell us that the interest of the individual should be subordinate to that of the collective?A.Were you usedB.Are you usedC.Did you useD.Do you used16.I would have gone to the lecture with you __________ I was so busy.A.except thatB.provided thatC.but thatD.only that17.The detective watched and saw the suspect __________ a hotel at the corner of the street.A.getting off the taxi and walking intoB.got off the taxi and walked intoC.get off the taxi and walk intoD.got off the taxi to walk into18.The child is ____________ all the evidence for his opinion.A.not encourage either to be critical for his opinion.B.encouraged either to be critical nor to examineC.either encouraged to be critical or to examineD.neither encouraged to be critical nor to examine19.To be sure, there would be scarcely no time left over for other things if school children __________ all sides of every matter on which they hold opinions.A.would have been expected to have consideredB.were expected to considerC.will be expected to have been consideredD.were expected to have considered20.Whenever work is being done, energy ___________ from one form into another.A.convertsB.convertedC.is convertedD.is being convertedPart Two Reading ComprehensionI.Direction: Each of the passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Passage OneThe Aerospace Bicycle That Fell to Earth(1)A radical new bicycle had its first public showing at the National British CyclingChampionships in Shrewsbury last weekend. Based on the gold medal-winning design from the Barcelona Olympics, it is the first commercial mountain bike made of a single piece of carbon fibre.(2)Bicycles for amateurs have up to now been made of steel, aluminum or magnesium tubes welded together into the conventional "A-frame" shape. But last year, the British competitor Chris Boardman set world records while winning titles in the Olympic cycling pursuit events on a custom-built, carbon-fibre bicycle with lower weight and wind resistance than standard models. Because carbon fibre is both light and extremely strong, it does not need the A-frame shape, saving further weight. Carbon fibre can also be moulded in a single piece, avoiding the weakness of welds.(3)The new bike, which will cost between $ 2000 and $ 3000 when it reaches the shops next month, has the same advantages as the Olympic model, It weighs about 11 kilograms, a saving of 1.5 kilograms on metal frames. With no crossbar, it has a lower center of gravity, making it easier to use in race conditions. "When you're doing some aggressive riding, you throw the bike about form side to side," explains Eddie Eccleston, director of British Eagle, a British bicycle manufacturer based in Powys, Wales, which is marketing the bikes. "The low centre of gravity gives you better control."(4)The frames are being made in the US for British Eagle by $P systems in Camarillo, California, which has clients in the aerospace industry, "This is aerospace technology brought into cycling by enthusiasts," says Eccleston. When professionals tested racing versions of the bike before the Tour de France, they were quicker than metal versions by up to 3 seconds per kilometer.(5)The new design has no struts between the saddle and the back wheel; instead, the frame' s flexibility can be "tuned" to individual tastes by changing the mixture of Kevlar fibre and carbon fibre in the back wheel strut, allowing up to 5 centimeters of movement.(6)The carbon-fibre design has a lower centre of gravity and smoother back-wheel suspension than conventional bikes.21.The new bicycle exhibited at the National British Cycling Championships was radical because ________.A.it was made from the gold medal-winning design of the Barcelona OlympicsB.it was the first commercial mountain bikeC.its public showing last weekend aroused many people's curiosityD.it was made of one single piece of carbon fibre22.According to the context, "bicycles for amateurs" at the beginning of the second paragraph refers to bicycles __________.A.that people buy only for riding in their daily lifeB.that are bought by amateur cyclists who like cycling as an exerciseC.that are built for customers in generalD. that non-Olympic competitors use23.Which of the following statements in Not true?A.The new commercial bike has no crossbar and its centre of gravity is lower than theOlympic model.B.When the rider is doing some rough riding, the new bike' s low centre of gravity gives himbetter control.C.The new bike is made by using aerospace technology and is quicker than the conventionalbike by 3 seconds per kilometer.D.The new bike has no metal bar between the saddle and the back wheel, and the amount ofcarben fibre in the back wheel can be changed according to the user's taste.Passage TwoFree Advice Is Just Around the Corner(1)When Daniel Franklin, a political science professor from Atlanta, needed career advancement advice, be didn't turn to colleagues, therapists or even his mom.(2)He went to the Advice Ladies.(3)Three thirty something New York women, advertising freelancers by day, have turned themselves into Saturday afternoon street-comer oracles, they pull up lawn chairs and a table on a lower Manhattan street comer and dish out free advice to passersby. They've claimed the comer of West Broadway and Broome Street in Soho as their own for the last several months.(4)Amy Alkon, who, with longtime friends Marlowe Minnick and Carolyn Johnson, becomes a part-time shrink each weekend. "We use creative problem-solving to turn problem into fun," she says.(5)On a recent steamy afternoon, a line has formed in front of the Advice Ladles' table. Obviously, New Yorkers need plenty of help. "People feel they have no control in this crazy world. And therapy can take years," Minnick says. "We solve problems instantly, it's instant answer gratification."(6)The three brainstorm before delivering advice on everything from pet discipline, closet-space management, even hair care. But no legal advice "By far, most of our questions are love-related. It's amazing the intimate sexual problems that people will divulge to a total stranger," Alkon says.(7)But they won't be strangers much longer. The Advice Ladies are putting together a book deal. And Robert De Nitro is creating a talk show around them, due nationally this fall from his Tribeca Pictures.(8)"De Nitro asked us for advice, but we think he's already perfect," purrs Alkon.(9)And their career advice to Franklin? "He' s written a book, so we told him to get a manager and go on the touring circuit. It's great money and great publicity for the book."(10)"Good advice," says Franklin.24.There were _________.A.about 30 blew York women who offered free advice by dayB.three women freelancers about 30 years old who offered advertising advice on SaturdayC.about 30 women advertising freelancers offered advice every Saturday afternoon in NewYorkD.three women about 30 years old, who did advertising as a job, offered free advice everySaturday afternoon25.These advisors _________.A.changed the New York street comers into oraclesed the New York street comers as their advice officeC.sat at a street comer to give people free adviceD.made a street comer their place to predict the future to passersby26.New Yorkers came to the Advice Ladies becauseA.the ladies' advice was quick and effective to solve problemsB.New Yorkers felt it was difficult to live m tins crazy worldC.Medical therapy could not solve people's problemsD.New York was a crazy place and its inhabitants need plenty of help27.In the seventh paragraph we read that the Advice Ladies won't be strangers for long because _________.A.they are dealing with a book together and a TV man is writing a talk show about themB.they are going to sell a book about themselves and also appear on a TV showC.they will buy a book through a deal and appear in a film in the coming fall seasonD.they will get to know each other better by working on a book and appearing in a TV showtogetherPassage ThreeThe American Presidential Gala of 1993(1)Mixing populism and celebrity, Clinton dances into office with a week-long multimillion-dollar party full of stars, saxophone music and presidential hugs.(2)The Party was held in a way never seen since World War II. Many movie and music stars showed up, offering their wishes to a new administration. They sang songs like "You know Bill's gonna get this Country straight.”“’93! You and me! U-hi-tee! /Time to pasrtee with Big Bill and Hillaree."(3)The stars came out in constellation because they recognized in Clinton one of their own. Not just that he plays the saxophone, a little. Or that Hillary is a smart, tough lawyer, like most Hollywood moguls. What matters is that Clinton is a beacon of middle-class charm, a love of being loved, a believer in the importance of image, metaphor, style. And he is an ace manipulator of media, selling his symbols directly to the people on TV, without the interference of nosy journalists. It all makes for a wondrous' 90s blend of show biz and politics.(4)"This is our time," Clinton said in his Inaugural Address." Let us embrace it." Last week he had an embrace for everyone, and not just the stars. This huggy-bear President needs to feel the public's approval.(5)At one of the balls of the week, Clinton was like the college student who drops in the night before the exam to show he' s one of the guys, then sneaks back to his dorm to cram. Perhaps there is as much Nixon in him (the ambition, the intellect) as Kennedy (the charm, the recklessness, his position as centrist custodian of liberal dreams). He will need to be the best of both men if he is to close, as he said last week, "the gap between our words and our deeds."(6)During the gala, actor Edward James Olmos quoted Lincoln: "We must disenthrall ourselves, and then we shall save our country." Clinton, a good student with a good memory, mouthed the words as Olmos spoke them. Clinton must have realized that, in a different sense anddifferent era, America faces the task of disenthralling itself, of shaking off the Hollywood stardust and facing facts.(7)In 1992 Clinton vended optimism; now he must be careful in saying so. He sold the nation a miracle product, ALL-NEW HOPE: it gives you cleaner, cheaper government with a fresh minty flavor. But if it doesn' t get the stains out, the electorate' s high hopes could sour into despair. Then the man called Hope will become the man called Hype. All the big stars and better angels will leave him out in the spotlight, stranded, unmasked.28.The meaning of "Clinton dances into his office with a week-long multimillion-dollar party full of stars, saxophone music and presidential hugs" in the first paragraph is: ______.A.Clinton held a party and danced with film stars and musicians, and hugged his guestsB.Clinton went into his office followed by, rich film stars and musicians wanted to behugged by the presidentC.Clinton started his term of president' s work with a week-long gala of celebrities andmusic to celebrate the eventD.Clinton spent a great deal of money to give a party of dance and music to please the filmstars and important people29.By saying "Bill's gonna get this Country straight", the party attendants believe that ______.A.Money bills are important in getting things done for the United StatesB.The president has got to do a wonderful job to save AmericaC.Clinton will change the United States to a free countryD.Clinton is going to solve the problems of the United States30.Which of the following statements is True？A.At one of the balls, Clinton appeared shortly and then left in a quiet way to do his work.B.Clinton was certainly a combination of both Nixon and Kennedy.C.Clinton said at the Party that he was going to close his mouth and work harder.D.When Olmos quoted Lincoln, Clinton repeated the words as Olmos spoke them.Ⅱ. Direction: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. (15 % )Medical consumerism--like all sorts of consumerism, only more menacingly---is designed to be unsatisfying. (31) The prolongation of life and the search for perfect health (beauty, youth, happiness) are inherently self-defeating. The law of diminishing returns necessarily applies. You can make higher percentages of people survive into their eighties and nineties. But, as any geriatric ward shows, that is not the same as to confer enduring mobility, awareness and autonomy.(32)Extending life grows medically feasible, but it is often a life deprived of everything, and one exposed to degrading neglect as resources grow over-stretched and politics turn mean.What an ignominious destiny for medicine if its future turned into one of bestowing meager increments of unenjoyed life! It would mirror the fate of athletics, in which disproportionate energies and resources--not least medical ones, like illegal steroids--are now invested to shave records by milliseconds. And, it goes without saying; the logical extension of longevism—the "abolition" of death--would not be a solution but only an exacerbation. (33) To air these predicaments is not anti-medical spleen--a churlish reprisal against medicine for its victories--but simply to face the growing reality of medical power not exactly without responsibility but withdissolving goals.(34)Hence medicine's finest hour becomes the dawn of its dilemmas. For centuries, medicine was impotent and hence unproblematic. From the Greeks to the Great War, its job was simple: to struggle with lethal diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain. It performed these uncontroversial tasks by and large with meager success. Today, with mission accomplished, medicine's triumphs are dissolving in disorientation. (35) Medicine has led to vastly inflated expectations, which the public has eagerly swallowed. Yet as these expectations grow unlimited, they become unfulfillable. The task facing medicine in the twenty-first century will be to redefine its limits even as it extends its capacities.Part Three Cloze TestDirection: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%) For _________ (36) the bloodshed and tragedy of D-Day, the beaches of Normandy will always evoke a certain _________ (37): a yearning for a time when nations in the civilized world buried their differences and combined to oppose absolute evil, when values seemed clearer and the terrible consequences of war stopped __________ (38) of the annihilation of humanity. But over half a century after the Allies hit those wave-battered sand flats and towering cliffs, the Normandy invasion stands as a feat _______ (39) to be repeated.There will never be _________ (40) D-Day. Technology has changed the conditions of warfare in ways that none of the D-Day participants could have _________ (41). All-out war in the beginnings of this century would surely spell all-out __________ (42) for the belligerents, and possibly for the entire human race. No credible scenario for a future world war would allow time for the massive buildup of conventional forces that occurred in the 1940s. The moral equivalent of the Normandy invasion in the nuclear age would involve a presidential decision to put tens of millions of American lives at _________ (43). And the possible benefits for the allies would be uncertain at best. European defense experts often ask whether the U.S. would be willing to "trade Pittsburgh for Dusseldorf". In practice, the question may well be whether it is worth ___________ (44)American cities to avenge a Europe already _________ (45) to rubble.Part Four ProofreadingDirections: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out with a slash ( \ ) and write the correct word. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words ( in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash ( \ ). Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Examples:e.g. 1 (46) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (46)-begun- begane.g. 2 (47) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain wentup.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (47) (Scarcely) had (they)e.g.3 (48) Never will I not do it again.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (48) nut(46)A state university president was arrested today and charged with impersonate a police officer became, the authorities say, he pulled over a speeding driver here last month. (47)Using flashing headlights, Richard L. Judd, 64, the president of Central Connecticut State University made the driver. Peter Baba, 24, of Plainville, pull on Jan. 23, the state police said. (48) He then flashed a gold badge and barked at him for speed, they said.(49)Mr. Judd is New Britain's police commissioner from 1981 to 1989 and from 1993 to 1995.(50) But Detective Harold Gannon of the New Britain police said today that the job involved more policy as police work, and did not include the authority to charge or chide criminals. (51 ) The gold badge was mere a university award. (52) The governor said he would not ask for a resignation because Mr. Judd had made a "misjudgment" and had written a letter of apologizing.(53)Later, Mr. Judd's lawyer, Paul J. McOuillan, issued a long apology from his superior, whom he described as "the best thing to happen to New Britain."(54) "My experience and instinct as an E. M. T. and former police commissioner prompted me to involve myself with this matter," Mr. Judd said in the statement. (55)"In hindsight, I see it was mine to manage."Part Five WritingDirection: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below:(15%)Topic: Write in 250 ～300 words about China's auto industry.。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：38
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Johnson's business survived on a（）relationship with only a few customers.问题1选项A.tentativeB.salientC.lucrativeD.insubstantial【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
tentative “试探性的；暂定的"；salient “显著的；突出的”；lucrative “有利可图的；有利的”；insubstantial “脆弱的；非真实的”。
句意：约翰逊的生意靠与仅有的几个顾客的有利可图的关系维持着。
选项C符合题意。
2.单选题Turning cultivated land back into forests or pasture is a fundamental way to stem soil （）and desertification in the long run.问题1选项A.erosionB.depletionC.violationD.delusion【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
erosion “侵蚀，腐蚀”；depletion “消耗，损耗”；violation “违反”；delusion “欺骗，迷惑”。
句意：将耕地退耕为森林或者草原是阻止土壤侵蚀和荒漠化的根本方法。
选项A符合题意。
3.单选题To get a chocolate out of a box requires a considerable amount of unpacking: the box has to be taken out of the paper bag in which it arrived; the cellophane wrapper has to be tom off，the lid opened and the paper removed; the chocolate itself then has to be unwrapped from its own piece of paper. But this insane amount of wrapping is not confined to luxuries. It is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in cellophane, polythene, or paper.A machine has been developed that pulps paper then processes it into packaging, e.g. egg-boxes and cartons. This could be easily adapted for local authority use. It would mean that people would have to separate their refuse into paper and non-paper, with a different dustbin for each. Paper is, in fact, probably the material that can be most easily recycled; and now, with massive increases in paper prices, the time has come at which collection by local authorities could be profitable.Recycling of this kind is already happening with milk bottles, which are returned to the dairies, washed out, and refilled. But both glass and paper are being threatened by the growing use of plastic. More and more dairies are experimenting with plastic bottles, and it has been estimated that if all the milk bottles necessary were made of plastic, then British dairies would be producing the equivalent of enough plastic tubing to encircle the earth every five or six days!The trouble with plastic is that it does not rot. Some environmentalists argue that the only solution to the problem of ever growing mounds of plastic containers is to do away with plastic altogether in the shops, a suggestion unacceptable to many manufacturers who say there is no alternative to their handy plastic packs.1.“This insane amount of wrapping is not confined to luxuries” (line 4) means（）.2.The “local authorities” are（）.3.If paper is to be recycled（）.4.British dairies are（）.5.The environmentalists think that（）.问题1选项A.not enough wrapping is used for luxuriesB.more wrapping is used for luxuries than for ordinary productsC.it is not only for luxury products that too much wrapping is usedD.the wrapping used for luxury products is unnecessary问题2选项A.the Town CouncilB.the policeC.the paper manufacturersD.the most influential citizens问题3选项A.more forests will have to be plantedB.the use of paper bags will have to be restrictedC.people will have to use different dustbins for their rubbishD.the local authorities will have to reduce the price of paper问题4选项A.producing enough plastic tubing in less than a weekB.giving up the use of glass bottlesC.increasing the production of plastic bottlesD.re-using their old glass bottles问题5选项A.more plastic packaging should be usedB.plastic is the most convenient form of packagingC.too much plastic is wastedD.shops should stop using plastic containers【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。
西北工业大学学位英语考试题库
西北工业大学学位英语考试题库1、Almost every one of us could see her anxiety from the（）on her face. [单选题] *A. appearanceB. feelingC. movementD. expression(正确答案)2、What _______ would you like, sir? [单选题] *A. otherB. else(正确答案)C. othersD. another3、Reading（）the lines, I dare say that the government are more worried than they admitted. [单选题] *A. behindB. between(正确答案)C. alongD. among4、Jim will _______ New York at 12 o’clock. [单选题] *A. get onB. get outC. get offD. get to(正确答案)5、98．There is a post office ______ the fruit shop and the hospital. [单选题] * A．atB．withC．between(正确答案)D．among6、Neither she nor her friends ______ been to Haikou. [单选题] *A. have(正确答案)B. hasC. hadD. having7、While my mother _______ the supper, my father came back. [单选题] *A. cooksB. is cookingC. was cooking(正确答案)D. has cooked8、The more he tried to please her, _____she seemed to appreciate it. [单选题] *A.lessB.lesserC.the less(正确答案)D.the lesser9、It seems slow for children to become _____ ,while adults often feel time flies. [单选题] *A. growns-upsB. growns-upC. grown upsD. grown-ups(正确答案)10、_____ whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. [单选题] *A. What is not yet knownB. It is not yet known(正确答案)C. As is not yet knownD. This is not yet known11、It _______ him ten minutes to solve the problem. [单选题] *A. spentB. took(正确答案)C. costD. paid12、He has bought an unusual car. [单选题] *A. 平常的B. 异常的(正确答案)C. 漂亮的D. 废弃的13、We are looking forward to _______ you again. [单选题] *A. seeB. sawC. seeing(正确答案)D. seen14、I used to take ____ long way to take the bus that went by ____ tunnel under the water. [单选题] *A. a, aB. a. theC. a, /(正确答案)D. the, a15、A healthy life is generally thought to be（）with fresh air, clean water, and homegrown food. [单选题] *A. joinedB. boundC. lackingD. associated(正确答案)16、The huntsman caught only a（）of the deer before it ran into the woods. [单选题] *A. gazeB. glareC. glimpse(正确答案)D. stare17、Tom’s mother will let him _______ traveling if he comes back?in five days. [单选题] *A. to goB. goesC. wentD. go(正确答案)18、The beautiful radio _______ me 30 dollars. [单选题] *A. spentB. paidC. cost(正确答案)D. took19、My mother and my aunt are both _______. They work in a big supermarket. [单选题] *A. actressesB. doctorsC. salesmenD. saleswomen(正确答案)20、The reason why I didn't attend the lecture was simply（）I got a bad cold that day. [单选题] *A. becauseB. asC. that(正确答案)D. for21、58．—How much is Lucy's skirt?—She________320 yuan for it. I think it's a little dear. [单选题] *A．tookB．paid(正确答案)C．spentD．bought22、John will go home as soon as he _______ his work. [单选题] *A. finishB. will finishC. finishedD. finishes(正确答案)23、In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you___ take care of your luggage. [单选题] *A. canB. mayC. must(正确答案)D. will24、97．Go ______ the square and you will find the theatre. [单选题] *A．aboveB．atC．across(正确答案)D．on25、Our campus is _____ big that we need a bike to make it. [单选题] *A. veryB. so(正确答案)C. suchD. much26、38．—Do you have ________else to say for your mistake?—________but sorry. [单选题] * A．anything; SomethingB．something; EverythingC．anything; Nothing(正确答案)D．something; Anything27、—______ is the concert ticket?—It’s only 160 yuan.（）[单选题] *A. How manyB How much(正确答案)C. How oftenD. How long28、Just use this room for the time being ,and we’ll offer you a larger one _______it becomes available [单选题] *A. as soon as(正确答案)B unless .C as far asD until29、I’m _______ I must be leaving now. [单选题] *A. afraid(正确答案)B. thinkC. thoughtD. free30、—Are these your sheep? [单选题] *A）on grass at the foot of the hill.(正确答案)B. feedC.is fedD. is feeding。
博士研究生招生考试英语大纲
第三部分：翻译。共 2 题，分为 A、B 两节。测试时间 50 分钟。 A 节为英译汉，主要测试考生对英语原文理解的准确性，要求考生将 所给 150 词左右的英语短文译成中文。B 节主要测试考生分析理解母 语、基本掌握西方思维方式和汉英两种语言的异同、有效地进行遣词、 造句、谋篇的能力，要求考生将所给的 100 词左右的中文短文译成英 文。选材原则：短文为学生熟悉的常识性或知识性内容。测试目的： 测试考生正确理解英语文章并用中文正确表达的能力，以及考生的英 语语言运用能力。要求译文忠实于原文，语言通顺。
能力。
三、答题与计分方法
该试卷第一部分为客观性试题，计 60 分。要求考生从每题四个 选项（A、B、C、D）中选出一个最佳答案，每题只能选一个答案， 答案涂在答题卡上。试卷第二部分为主观性试题，计 40 分，要求考 生把答案直接做在答题纸上。该考试为闭卷考试，考生不得使用任何
形式的参考工具。该卷以百分计算。
要生词词义并
进行推断等
50 （每题 2 分）
完形填空
1 篇文章 英语知识综合 选择题
10
II
20
(Cloze Test) （150 词 运用能力 （四选一）
（每题
3
左右）
0.5 分）
1 段英文 理解和表达准
英译汉
文章（150 确、完整、通顺，
1
（15 分）
翻译
词左右） 忠实于原文
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：97
2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题As a general rule, Dad is generous, but as a merchant, he usually drives a hard（）.问题1选项A.bargainB.dealC.transactionD.negotiation【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。
drive a hard bargain“讨价还价” 。
句意：一般来说，父亲是慷慨的，但是作为一个商人，他通常会讨价还价。
选项A符合题意。
2.单选题The State Council will lay down new rules that aim to make management compatible with internationally accepted conventions.问题1选项A.conferencesB.conversationsC.practicesD.formations 【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
句意：国务院将制定新的规则来使得管理与国际惯例一致。
conference “会议”；conversation “（非正式）交谈，谈话”；practice “实践，惯例”；formation “组成”。
根据前面的“lay down new rules” 可推测出划线单词的意思是“规则”，因此选项C符合题意。
3.单选题As ordinary people, scientists are by no means more honest or（）than other people, but as scientist, they attach special value to honest while they are in their working sphere.问题1选项A.ethicalB.ethnicC.aestheticD.esthetic【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
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西北工业大学攻读博士学位入学考试
《英语》考试大纲
一、考试参考书目
本次考试的命题参考教材为《考博英语阅读理解精粹100篇》和《考博英语全项指导》。
二、考试题型及分值比例
PartI：词汇（20％）
词汇共有40个小题，每题0.5分，共计20分。
主要考察考生的语法、语言运用能力。
词汇题应有一部分是指定教材中出现的语句。
PartII：阅读理解（25％）
阅读理解共有5篇文章，每篇文章后各有5道小题，每道小题1分，共计25分。
主要考察考生的英语综合运用能力。
5篇文章中应有1～2篇为指定教材中出现的文章，但文章后面的问题应有所不同；文章内容涉及面应广泛，难度和指定教材中的相当或略高，并体现出层次感。
PartIII：完型填空（15％）
完型填空为1篇文章，共有15个空缺，每空1分，共计15分。
PartIV：翻译（20％）
翻译包括英译汉、汉译英两个部分，各占10分，题目形式由命题老师自定。
题目中所涉及的短语、句型应以指定教材为主。
PartV：写作（20％）
作文包括文章摘要、文章写作两个部分，共计20分。
内容应为社会上普遍存在的现象或人们比较关心的问题。