2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷
2019-2020学年上海市杨浦高级中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及参考答案
2019-2020学年上海市杨浦高级中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASheffieldLincoln College of EnglishClasses for foreign students at all levels.3 months, 6 months, 9 months and one year course.Open all year.Small class (at most 12 students).Library, language laboratory and listening center.Accommodation (住宿)with selected families.25 minutes from London.Course fees for English for one year are￡1,380 with reduction for shorter periods of study.1.This passage is probably taken from _______.A.an advertisementB.a noticeC.a posterD.a piece of news2.Who will be accepted by this college?A.Both foreign and native students.B.Only foreign beginners and the advanced.C.Foreign students from beginners to the advanced.D.Only foreign students advanced.3.While you stay there, who will take care of you?A.Your parents.B.Your classmates.C.The school where you study.D.The family you have chosen.BAs every mobile-phone owner knows, after a year or so the battery starts to fade and the beast needs recharging more frequently.That is troublesome, but a phone’s batteries can be replaced fairly cheaply — or thewhole device traded in for the latest model. An electric car, though, is a much bigger investment. And batteries are its priciest component, representing around 30% of an average mid-size vehicle.To provide buyers with some peace of mind, carmakers guarantee their batteries, typically for eight years or around 200,000km. Producers, planning to go much further than that, though, are racing to launch “million mile”(1.6m kilometers) batteries. Contemporary Amperex Technology, a giant Chinese firm which produces batteries fora number of carmakers, was said to be ready to start producing batteries which would last for 16 years or 2m kilometres. Elon Musk has suggested that Tesla,a Californian maker of electric vehicles, has a million-mile battery in the works. And over in Detroit,General Motors is in the final stages of developing an advanced battery which it says has similar longevity (寿命)。
2019年上海市浦东新区高考英语一模试卷(解析版)
2019年上海市浦东新区高考英语一模试卷Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．（1分）A．Blue．B．Green．C．Yellow．D．Purple．2．（1分）A．7：15．B．7：45．C．8：00．D．8：15．3．（1分）A．In a restaurant．B．At the man's house．C．In a supermarket．D．In the hospital．4．（1分）A．The CEO won't be free at that time．B．The lecture hall isn't big enough．C．The equipment in the lecture hall is out of order．D．The lecture hall is not reserved early enough．5．（1分）A．An athlete．B．A fitness instructor．C．A mechanic．D．A medical doctor．6．（1分）A．Take a deep breath．B．Take some aspirin．C．See a doctor．D．Drive to the hospital．7．（1分）A．The man shouldn't order food in such awful weather．B．The delay of the delivery is caused by the awful weather．C．There is a problem with the policy of food delivery．D．The man should have his delivery fee returned．8．（1分）A．Having an outing．B．Ordering various drinks．C．Preparing for a party．D．Choosing suitable drinks．9．（1分）A．Thoughtful．B．Terrified．C．Apologetic．D．Annoyed．10．（1分）A．He followed his grandmother's steps of cooking．B．He has a great talent for cooking．C．He is a green hand in cooking．D．He improved the dish of his grandmother．Section BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two passages and a longer conversation，and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.11．（4.5分）（1）A．Literature．B．Business．C．Cooking．D．History．（2）A．Christopher Columbus．B．People in Mexico．C．Hernando Cortez．D．Daniel Peter．（3）A．The development of chocolate．B．The introduction of Cortez．C．The contributions of Columbus．D．The usage of cocoa beans．12．（4.5分）（1）A．Les Misréables．B．Red．C．My Week with Marilyn．D．The Theory of Everything．（2）A．He rose to fame overnight．B．He has been a household name．C．He was recommended by Prince Harry．D．He first appeared in a stage play in 2004．（3）A．His small brown spots on the face．B．His graduation from famous schools．C．His remarkable gift for performing on stage．D．His involvement in various styles of performance．13．（6分）（1）A．A chef tends to work at entry level jobs．B．A chef works in a non﹣professional setting．C．A chef has the ability to create the recipe．D．A chef is as professional as a cook．（2）A．He received the training in the culinary （烹饪）school．B．He stuck to the traditional recipe without any change．C．He had a natural skill in cooking the cuisine．D．His latest book was on the list of NYT bestseller list．（3）A．Make some easy dishes like chopping vegetables．B．Cook with the accurate measurement and no spice．C．Make an efficient and delicate cooking．D．Cook with creativity and passion．（4）A．Working as a chef．B．Dos and don'ts about a chef．C．Tips for cooking．D．Recommendation of a bestseller．Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（10分）Is Climate Change Consuming Your Favorite Foods？Due to climate change，the world's endangered lists are no longer just for animals．We may not only need to adapt ourselves to living in a warmer world but a （1）（tasty）one as well．As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the air linked to global warming （2）（continue）to affect weather，we often forget that they are also impacting the quantity，the quality，and the growing locations of our food．Some foods have already felt the impact while （3）may even become scarce within the next 30 years．Whether or not you try to limit yourself （4）one cup of coffee a day，the effects of climate change on the world's coffee﹣growing regions may leave you little choice．Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns are reported to have been threatening coffee plantations in South America，Africa，Asia，and Hawaii．The result？Significant cuts in coffee yield．According to organizations like Australia's Climate Institute，half of the present coffee﹣producing areas （5）（estimate）not to be suitable by the year 2050，if current climate patterns continue．With temperatures continuously rising，oceans are absorbing some of the heat and undergoing warming of their own，（6）（cause）a decline in fish population，including in lobsters that are cold﹣blooded creatures，and in salmons （鲑鱼）（7）eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temperatures．Warmer waters also encourage some poisonous marine bacteria to grow and lead to illness in humans whenever （8）（take）with raw seafood，like oysters．And how about that satisfying "crack" which you get when you are eating crabs andlobsters？It could be silenced （9）shellfish have been struggling to build their calcium carbonate （碳酸钙）shells，which is a result of ocean acidification．Even worse is the possibility （10）we will have no seafood to enjoy at all．Ina 2006 Dalhousie University study，scientists predicted that if over﹣fishing and risingtemperature trends continued at their present rate，the world's seafood stocks would run out by the year 2050．Section BDirections：Fill in each blanks with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15．（10分）Workforce of the FutureThe workplace is changing rapidly．Rather than the standard working day of nine to five，employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives．Advances in technology are （1）the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace．To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade，employee benefits provider Unum UK （2）with The Future Laboratory to survey 3，000 workers across several industries．They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce．The result outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the（3）of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce．They are the obligated and the self﹣fulfilled workers．"Obligated workers" refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation，（4）raising children with caring for elderly parents．Therefore，they value a career （5）to life stages and events and financial security．Joel Defries，33，father of one kid and partner at London V odka said，"A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave （陪产假）and to value my family just as much as I value my job．"Self﹣fulfilled workers are committed to life﹣long learning and acquiring new skillsrather than （6）to an employer．They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them （7）both their personal and professional ambitions．They treat personal commitments and pursuits as （8）to professional commitments．Elly Kemp，31，（9） a full﹣time employee，now working part ﹣time in a caféand also assisting with her grandmother's care said，"My approach to work allows me the freedom to（10）my career at my own pace．I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and do whatever makes me happy at the time．"Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.16．（15分）Early decision ﹣you apply to one school，and admission is binding （有法律约束力的）﹣seems like a great choice for nervous applicants．Schools （1） a higher percentage of early﹣decision applicants，which arguably means that you have a better chance of being enrolled．And if you do，you're done with the whole painful process by December．But most students and parents don't realize that schools have hidden （2）for offering early decision．Early decision，since it's binding，allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students；it allows （3）committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will come．It also gives schools a higher yield rate （优秀学生率），which is often used as one of the ways to（4）college selectivity and popularity．The problem is that this process effectively （5）the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point．Under （6）admissions，seniors have to choose which school to attend until May 1；early decision effectively steals six months from them，months that could be used to visit more schools，do more research，speak to current students and alumni （校友）and make a more（7）decision．For any given student in America，whatever their levels are，there are a number of schools that are a great（8）．When students become too fixed on a particular school early in the admissions process，that fixation can lead to（9）severe disappointmentif they don't get in or，if they do，it is likely that they are now bound to go to a school that，given time for further （10），may not actually be right for them．Early decision offers a genuine admissions edge．That advantage goes largely to students who already have（11）advantages．The students who use early decision tend to be those who have received higher﹣quality college guidance，usually a result of coming from a more advantaged background．（12），there's an argument against early decision，as students from lower﹣income families are far less likely to have the admissions know﹣how （招生诀窍）to（13）figure out the often confusing early deadlines．Students who have done their research and are confident that there's one school they would be thrilled to get into should，under the current system，probably （14）under early decision．For students who haven't yet done enough research，or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools，the early﹣decision system needlessly and prematurely （15）the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options．（1）A．let in B．turn down C．make up D．give away （2）A．dangers B．costs C．assumptions D．purposes（3）A．admissions B．joint C．inquiry D．investigative （4）A．detail B．measure C．achieve D．represent（5）A．neglects B．provides C．shortens D．marks（6）A．future B．regular C．random D．compulsory （7）A．informed B．honoured C．imposed D．complicated （8）A．fit B．aid C．hit D．net（9）A．therefore B．otherwise C．however D．furthermore （10）A．comment B．enhancement C．implication D．reflection （11）A．mutual B．favourite C．numerous D．temporary （12）A．In other words B．In this regard C．In particular D．In brief（13）A．hesitantly B．relatively C．deliberately D．efficiently （14）A．consult B．volunteer C．adjust D．apply（15）A．occupies B．encloses C．narrows D．explores Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．（8分）One recent night，while I was leafing through its pages of an old journal，my eyes met a quote by the British writer Graham Greene that I had marked．"A prejudice had something in common with an ideal．" In other words，ideals ﹣general descriptions of people's expectations of themselves and others ﹣can often lead us to unreasonable ideas．It got me thinking about how we often allow ourselves to generalize about groups of people．We like to stereotype people by the color of their skin，the year of their birth or any other related factors．I grew up in a multi﹣racial corner of America．The different groups were often subjectto narrow stereotypes：Jewish people were "greedy，" Mexicans were "poorly educated，" and Asians were "good at math．" These labels were taught to us from a young age．They wormed their way into our belief systems，harming how we came to see others．It made me sad growing up to see people repeat these stereotypes as if they were true．The rush﹣to﹣judgment of people breeds a culture of discrimination （歧视）．You can also see these over﹣generalized description being made against today's Chinese people．Whether it be a lack of interest or worry among millennials （千禧一代）being described as "monkish，" or "dad﹣fashion （复古作风）" which has given the "greasy middle ﹣aged men" tag，stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society．But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population．It's about time that we，as a society，walked away from generalizations and stereotypes．I leave you with the words of Martin Luther King Jr．from his famous "I Have a Dream" speech："I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin，but by the content of their character．" By reserving judgment and really getting to know the individual，you might just find your irrational ideas have no foundation．（1）According to the passage，how do people tend to judge others？A．By describing people's personalities．B．By truly getting to know those around．C．By observing their noticeable features．D．By following Martin Luther King's speech．（2）According to the author， a culture of discrimination appears because．A．people live in places of various racesB．people are born with unreasonable ideasC．prejudices slightly influence people's belief systemD．people usually make judgments without thinking twice（3）Examples of "millennials" and "dad﹣fashion" are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to reveal．A．generalizations have unfavourable position in societyB．generalizations have a negative influence on our societyC．generalizations are found peculiar to the middle﹣aged ChineseD．generalizations make today's Chinese people lack interest or worry（4）The passage is mainly concerned with．A．the common prejudiceB．people's expectation of themselvesC．the groundless worriesD．the famous speech of Martin Luther King18．（6分）When you cross deep water driving too fast，you risk splashing water up into the air box and having it get sucked into the internal engine，which is more common than you think．There are a few steps you should take to clear the water out before you try to start it：1．First，drain the fuel tank，fuel lines and the oil．While it's draining，put a fan on the wiring and dry it out．Remove and clean the carburetor （化油器）．2．Take the plugs out of the engine and turn it over to force any water out．Water will come out with the oil．Add oil to the engine and turn it over again，without the plug in．Let it sit for a while，then observe the oil to tell if there's any water in it （it will look like a whitemilky substance if there is water mixed with the oil）．If it's there，drain it again and start over until there is little or no white showing in the oil．3．Now re﹣install the spark plug，add gas，then try to start the engine．You should have a can of ether （乙醚）handy just in case it's stubborn，but don't use too much．If it starts，let it run for a few minutes without making it work faster．4．After it runs for several minutes，shut it off，drain the oil and change the filter（过滤网）．Run it again for a few minutes then shut it off and checks again for milky colored oil．If you have none，you should be good to go．5．If you cannot start the engine，you may have already ruined it and you will probably need to seek a professional to repair it，or，more likely，you'll have to replace it．（1）According to the passage，a driver turns the engine over after oil is added to it so that he can．A．drain the oil and change the filter without any difficultyB．re﹣install the spark plug and get ready to start the car againC．make a milky substance which is the mixture of water and oilD．see whether there is any water in the engine by checking the oil（2）The underlined word "stubborn" in paragraph 4 may probably means．A．reluctant to changeB．hard to switch onC．insufficient to burnD．unable to take in（3）This passage may be most helpful to．A．a policeman who knows much about car accidentsB．a secretary who has just driven across a small pondC．a driver who is incapable of fixing the car by himselfD．a teacher who is to carry out her routine car maintenance19．（8分）One of the features of a successful business is its ability to employ creativity to constantly push into new territory．Without growth and innovation，businesses eventually fade away．Those with staying power，however，have mastered an often﹣overlooked factorthat allows them to focus on the future clearly：empathy （共情）．While that may surprise many，I am certain that the ability to connect with and relate to others ﹣empathy in its purest form ﹣is the force that moves businesses forward．Though the concept of empathy might go against the modern concept of a traditional workplace ﹣competitive，the reality is that for business leaders to experience success，they need to not just see or hear the activity around them，but also relate to the people they serve．Some may think they want the results from doggedly （顽强地）pursuing their goals without much thought for other people．This attitude works for some，but at some point ﹣often sooner rather than later ﹣everyone needs to rely on their relationships and established personal and professional connections．These relationships are the product of taking an honest and dedicated interest in others and their businesses．Successful people do not operate alone；each of us needs the support of others to achieve positive results that push us toward our goals．True empathy combines understanding both the emotional and the logical rationale（根据）that goes into every decision．Effectively understanding empathy involves viewing it as each person's connection to the people and marketplace that surround them．A biological principle known as co﹣evolution explains that the adaptation of an organism is caused by the change of a related object．Similarly，businesses and their leaders participate in co﹣evolution﹣type relationships．Business success depends on empathetic leaders who are able to adapt，build on the strengths around them，and relate to their environment．When businesses fail，it is often because leaders have stopped focusing on understanding their environment and instead stay separated in their own operations．Successful business leaders are receptive to disturbance and aware of what is going on in their organizations both internally and externally．To develop an effective workforce，we must be willing to give in and meet people where they are．This can be frustrating and uncomfortable，particularly when you feel like your position makes more sense or offers a better solution．A critical part of developing empathy，however，is learning to understand，respect and implement another individual's point of view rather than forcing your own．（1）In the author's opinion，if a company wants to achieve success，it must．A．frequently develop in new areasB．always stay pure and powerfulC．concentrate on its future developmentD．value much thought for others（2）It can be inferred from the passage that．A．empathy generally depends on logical reasonsB．supports from others help to achieve ambitionsC．competition rarely exists in traditional workplacesD．striving for goals on one's own is the key to success（3）Which of the following examples can best illustrate the co﹣evolution principle？A．The boss is too occupied to realize that his employees' income is below the average．B．The head of the news agency offers little bonus to the journalists who work extra hours．C．The principal promises flexible working hours after the school moves to the countryside．D．The factory director insists on increasing the output despite the declining market demand．（4）What can be the best title of this passage？A．Empathy and Business SuccessB．The Formation of EmpathyC．Empathy and AggressivenessD．The Importance of EmpathySection CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.20．（8分）We need to do more to help the teachers who are exhausted and stressed Teaching should not be one of the most stressful jobs in the US．But it is．"The only other profession that comes close to us for stress is nursing ﹣and we still have the numbers…by a lot．（1）""Nobody realizes how horrific working conditions are for teachers throughout the country，" Brice﹣Hyde says，an experienced teacher in New York who is part of the national group Badass Teachers Association （BAT）．（2）So they did a national study of teacher working conditions around issues like stress，work﹣life balance，respect，and more．The results are both surprising ﹣and not．If you've been seeing the stories about teacher walkouts and pay inequality，you probably aren't all that shocked to see these things like：61 percent of educators find work "always" or "often" stressful；27 percent of educators said they've been threatened or bullied；86 percent of educators feel disrespected by US Secretary of Education Betsy DeV os．Teachers are stressed out，and turnover is high．No wonder we're seeing more stories about the importance of self﹣care，classroom burnout，and mental health days for teachers．Yet，self﹣care doesn't seem to come easily for people，and this is definitely true for teachers．（3）We think it's time to change that，though．So in honor of World Mental Health Day，we are working to change the dialogue about teacher mental health．Below are some of the top challenges people give for not seeking therapy，or even basic self﹣care，along with possible solutions and workarounds for each one．We hope you share this article widely，giving support and love to your fellow educators．（4）And it's pretty much guaranteed to help you do what you set out to in the first place ﹣be a good teacher．Summary Writing21．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．Online Pharmacy （药店）：A Foreseeable TrendOnline pharmacies may replace corner drugstores in the future，which would be of benefit to all of us．Sadly，current Federal Drug Administration （FDA）restrictions prevent many Americans from gaining access to the medicines they require online．Fortunately，online pharmacies offer these drugs and provide patients with more treatment options at lower prices．Those calling for the restrictions are wrong．Online pharmacies are crucial to numerous people．While some drugs sold online aren't FDA﹣approved，customers shouldn't be prevented from buying them．Many of the herbal remedy （草药）online pharmacies offer have been used for hundreds of years，especially in Asian countries，and they have strong safety records．Other medicines may come from foreign countries，but they aren't harming the people who use them in their own countries．Take depression pills as an example．It has been used safely for many years in France and other European countries，yet it's just now being tested in the U．S．Nowadays，just getting in to see a doctor seems to take forever，not to mention the time and money to get tests done and await the results．Thanks to the Internet，customers now know more about available medicines than ever before and are therefore able to take them without having to consult a doctor．The Internet，after all，is filled with information about all kinds of drugs．Much of it has even been written by doctors and pharmaceutical companies themselves．Another issue to consider is money．Health care costs in America are rising every year，and pharmaceutical companies are making billions．Online pharmacies typically sell their drugs at lower prices than hospital pharmacies and corner drugstores．Consumers shouldn't be blamed for seeking cheaper alternatives and refusing to line the pockets of already wealthy companies and stores．TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．（3分）这场因无视规则引发的事故值得我们深思．（ignore）23．（3分）梦想还是要有的，但不努力就不可能实现．（unless）24．（4分）正是这次经历才让我明白，我不该太过忙碌而错过生活的恩赐．（It）25．（5分）当前有一个非常令人费解的现象：一些年轻父母们宁愿把很多钱投资在早教上，也不愿意带娃旅行开阔眼界．（would rather）Guided Writing26．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．网络时代，人们常常不辨别真假就在社交媒体上疯狂点赞（give the thumbs﹣up）或转发（forward），这种行为有实际意义吗？请就此现象谈谈你的看法，并结合生活中的实例加以说明．2019年上海市浦东新区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．【解答】B2．【解答】C3．【解答】A4．【解答】A5．【解答】B6．【解答】C7．【解答】B8．【解答】C9．【解答】D10．【解答】BSection BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two passages and a longer conversation，and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.11．【解答】11～13 DCA12．【解答】14～16 DBD13．【解答】17～20 CADAGrammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．【解答】1．less tasty．考查比较级，没那么好吃，表示比较，故填less tasty．2．continues/is continuing．考查动词，as引导的时间状语从句，表示"随着"，从句中缺少动词，主语是amount of carbon dioxide ，故填continues或者is continuing．3．others．考查代词，some…others：一些…另一些…，是常见句型，故填others．4．to．考查介词，limit…to：把…限制在…，故填介词to．5．are estimated．考查被动，主语是areas，因为是现在的动作，而且是被估计，故填are estimated．6．causing．考查非谓语，oceans与cause是主动关系，故填现在分词做状语，故填causing．7．whose．考查连词，whose引导定语从句，先行词是salmons，与eggs是从属关系，故填关系代词whose．8．taken．考查非谓语，主语主语与从句主语一致，而且从句中有系动词be，故从句主语和系动词be都可以省略，所以该句中省略bacteria are，故填taken．9．because/since/as．考查连词，因为贝壳很难建造碳酸钙壳，引导原因状语从句，故填because/since/as．10．that．考查连词，that引导同位语从句，解释说明possibility的内容，故填that．Section BDirections：Fill in each blanks with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15．【解答】GABIE KFJCD1．G．句意理解题．根据句意可知，技术的进步正在改变工作场所所需要的任务和技能的性质．故选G．2．A．句意理解题．根据句意可知，为了全面了解未来10年工作场所将如何变化，员工福利提供商Unum UK与Future Laboratory合作，对多个行业的3000名员工进行了调查．故选A．3．B．句意理解题．根据句意可知，研究结果概述了未来10年企业可能看到的一些就业变化，并预测了两种工人文化的演变，这两种文化将主导劳动力市场．故选B．4．I．句意理解题．根据句意可知，"Obligated workers"指的是有家眷的人和"三明治一代"，他们在抚养孩子和照顾年迈父母之间保持平衡．故选I．5．E．句意理解题．根据句意可知，因此，他们看重人生阶段、事件和经济保障量身打造的职业．故选E．6．K．句意理解题．根据句意可知，自我实现的员工致力于终生学习和获取新技能，而。
2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷
精心整理2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷I. Listening Comprehension1．（1.5分）A．Job applicants．B．University students．C．News reporters．6．（1.5分）A．The Student Union．B．The Tutoring Service Center．C．Her professor's office．D．Her tutor's home．7．（1.5分）A．The coverage of newspapers．B．The nature of humans．C．The increase of crime rate．D．The impact of mass media．8．（1.5分）A．Doctor Green is very busy on Mondays．B．Doctor Green forgot to put the man on the schedule．C．An unexpected patient visited Doctor Green last Monday．D．Patients can usually see Doctor Green on schedule．9．（1.5分）A．She is disappointed with his decision．B．30minutesC．40minutesD．4days12．（4.5分）（1）A．It bans the sales of salty and unhealthy food．B．Its residents lose altogether 100，000kg by 2020．C．Everyone weighs himself on giant scales in public．D．Local doctors make personalized diets for everyone（2）A．Local people share healthy diet with each other．B．Thousands of residents kick football to keep slim．C．Local restaurants use olive oil to replace butter．D．Government officials persevere in physical exercise．（3）A．Students are encouraged to walk or ride to schoolB．Students are allowed to ride bicycles in school libraries．C．Parents are offered devices to monitor children's walking time．D．Try to find an extraordinary online game．II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（15分）A newly discovered tea plant is caffeine﹣freeThe world loves tea and some 3m tons of tea are consumed every year．Tea can be good for health，as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol（胆固醇）and reduce the risk of heart disease．But there is a downside．Tea contains caffeine which，（1）it improves mental alertness，can also cause anxiety，insomnia and other problems．（2）would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but with little or （3）of the caffeine has been found．Liang Chen and Ji ﹣Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciencesbooks is like a room without windows．Mann （1）pointed out the value of books，but some researchers have found evidence that people with books in their homes really do gain a window on the world．A new study in the journal Social Science Research，publishing in October，suggests that people who grow up with more books are more likely to have educational （2），and to achieve more in life，than people who grow up without them．In the study，over 160，000 adults from 31 countries and regions were asked about the number of books there were intheir homes when they were 16 years old．Then they were（3）in literacy，numeracy （计算能力）and information communication technology．The research shows that the number of books for each household （4）greatly from country to country．（5），the number of books is 27 in Turkey，143 in the UK and 218 in Estonia．But "the total （6）of home library size on literacy are large everywhere" ，according to researcher Joann Sikorn of Australian National University in a paper based on the study．paper．（1）A．simply B．definitely C．generally D．randomly （2）A．backgrounds B．advantages C．requirements D．development （3）A．estimated B．examined C．tested D．investigated （4）A．changes B．alters C．shifts D．varies（5）A．By comparison B．As a result C．For instance D．In total（6）A．effects B．expenses C．inputs D．contributions （7）A．higher B．lower C．average D．similar（8）A．make up for B break up with C．live up to D．catch up with （9）A．senior B．essential C．equal D．familiar（10）A．addition B．engagement C．devotion D．exposure （11）A．prove B．demonstrate C．enhance D．acquireUS，suggested that keeping a secret could cause stress．People entrusted with secrets can suffer from depression，anxiety，and body aches，reported the Daily Mail．But with secrets so often getting out，why do people share them at all？Shah explained that people often feel that it will help them keep a person as a friend．Another reason people share secrets is guilt over keeping it from someone close to them．A sense of distrust can develop when people who are close do not share it with each other．"Keeping or sharingsecrets often puts people in a position of either gaining or losing the trust of someone．" according to Shah．He added that talkative people could let secrets slip out．But this doesn't mean that it is a good idea only to share secrets with quiet people．A quiet person may be someone who keeps everything inside．To tell such a person a secret may cause them stress，and make them talk about the secret．Shah said that to judge whether to tell someone a secret，you'd better put yourself inC．It's better to inform others of the chances of your leaking secrets beforehand．D．Putting yourself in others' shoes helps realize the difficulty of keeping secrets．（4）What's the best title for the passage？A．Walls have ears．B．Still tongues make wise heads．C．A word spoken is past recalling．D．Every wall has a crack．17．（6分）Does the thought of cooking an entire Christmas dinner for friends and family make you shudder？Our cookery writer Sophie Godwin has created the ultimate simplified menu for a stress﹣free day．With a range of time﹣saving techniques and showstopping flavour twists，this is the only festive menu you'll ever need．Embrace the art of the shortcut!Your timeplan to eat at 2 pmView and print our at﹣a﹣glance infographic time plan．? 11 am Take your turkey out of the fridge．Buy your ingredientsWe've pre﹣loaded your shopping list so that you can quickly buy all your ingredients for this menu in one go．Just click below to be taken to your shopping list，where you can buy all your ingredients from your preferred supermarket，and remove any ingredients as needed，and even print the list，to use direct when shopping．（Serves 6）Add to shopping ListThe above shopping list is powered by Whisk．Please check your list thoroughly beforepurchasing．If the same items appear across different recipes they will not automatically combine in your list and you'll need to do this manually．Please also check the products that have been selected via the Whisk program，as you may prefer a different brand from that listed．（1）Which section CAN'T we find on the website？A．Classic cocktailsB．Vegetarian Christmasphenomenon arises from a function in our brain to ignore the noise we make ourselves．In order to explore how our brain does this，a group of scientists carried out an experiment with mice at Duke University．The research entered on an intuition（直觉）﹣﹣﹣that we are usually unaware of the sound of our own footsteps ﹣﹣﹣as a vehicle for understanding larger neural（神经系统的）phenomena；how this behavior reveals the ability to monitor，recognize，and remember the sound of one's own movements in relation to those of their larger environments．In the experiment，research controlled the sounds of a group of mice could hear，reported Science Daily．During the first several days，the mice would hear the same sound each time they took a step．This was just like "running on a tiny piano with each key playing exactly the same note"，senior study author Richard Mooney，a professor of neurobiology at Duke University，told Live Science．Scientists found that their auditory cortex （听觉皮层）﹣the area of the brain that processes sound ﹣became active at first but decreased its response to the sound after two orexperience to change how we play ﹣and we get better over time because our brain is trying to minimize these errors．"（1）What can be discovered about mice in the experiment？A．Their brain responds inactively to the familiar soundsB．They are able to detect sounds other animals don't notice．C．They cannot identify different sounds except their own footsteps．D．Different areas of their brain are responsible for different sounds．（2）What's the function of the sensory filter？A．Getting used to abnormal or unfamiliar sounds．B．Ignoring the sounds made by our companions．C．Identifying the sounds from a larger environmentD．Being sensitive to the sounds of our own movement．（3）Why can a good symphony conductor immediately recognize it when a wrong note is played？conflicts．D．Self﹣centered people are found to be indifferent to many things in society and other people because all their concentration is only on themselves and their needs．E．This analysis of "we﹣talk" suggested that the frequent use of "we" and "us" is linked to happier and healthier relationships．F．They found that too much "I﹣talk" was an accurate linguistic marker for the likelihood that someone is feeling stressed or experiencing negative emotions．Building a lasting social relationshipWe all know that friends are special people who we share our lives with，and who share their lives with us in return．But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy．According to research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships，the key is to use "we﹣talk"．Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues，thewell．IV. Summary Writing20．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．When we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes，many of us often think：" I'm going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!" But however determined we are，chances are that we don't stick to our promise．This behavior is called "bedtime procrastination（拖延症）"．According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014，bedtime procrastination is a common problem．In their study，53 percent of the 2，400 participants said they didn't follow their sleep schedule，delaying itat least twice a week．It's found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late，but they couldn't stop doing other unimportant things，which were keeping them up in the first place．21．（5分）无论幸福的定义如何变化，人们永远不会放弃追求幸福的权利．（right）22．（5分）在团队精神的鼓舞下，研究小组的每个成员都为新项目做出了自己的贡献．（contribution）23．（5分）越来越多年轻人遭受着精神问题的困扰，这是由日益加增的生活压力造成的．24．（5分）在人类身上使用基因编辑技术是非常危险的．它不仅违背了医学伦理道德，并且可能产生无法预知的后果．（Not）VI. Guided Writing25．（20分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际谈谈你的看法．2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析I. Listening ComprehensionB．Excited．C．Surprised．D．Calm．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略4．（1.5分）A．They can hardly find time to do exercise．B．Both of them are fond of doing exercise．C．Doing exercise is the last thing they'd like to do．D．The woman disagrees to do exercise with the man．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略7．（1.5分）A．The coverage of newspapers．B．The nature of humans．C．The increase of crime rate．D．The impact of mass media．【考点】15：短对话理解．【解答】略【点评】略8．（1.5分）A．Doctor Green is very busy on Mondays．B．Doctor Green forgot to put the man on the schedule．C．An unexpected patient visited Doctor Green last Monday．D．Patients can usually see Doctor Green on schedule．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略11．（4.5分）（1）A．A number of giant rats are hidden in the fields or forests．B．Violent robbers may come out and hurt innocent civilians．C．People may step onto a landmine（地雷）and get injured．D．Other roads have a litter problem，which spoils good mood．（2）A．It is a rare species of rat．B．It has a good sense of smell．C．It sacrifices its life to detect dangers．D．It is terrified of explosive device．（3）13minutesB．30minutesC．Parents are offered devices to monitor children's walking time．D．Fruits are provided for those who are addicted to online games．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略13．（6分）（1）A．Neither of them can find a suitable game．B．They are both enthusiastic about games．C．Good games cost a large amount of money．D．They often go Dutch when buying gifts．（2）A．It includes fantasy role﹣playing．B．It doesn't have an actual ending．C．It is an expensive online game．D．It is something like a racing game．14．（15分）A newly discovered tea plant is caffeine﹣freeThe world loves tea and some 3m tons of tea are consumed every year．Tea can be good for health，as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol（胆固醇）and reduce the risk of heart disease．But there is a downside．Tea contains caffeine which，（1）although it improves mental alertness，can also cause anxiety，insomnia and other problems．（2）What would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste andgoodness but with little or （3）none of the caffeine has been found．Liang Chen and Ji﹣Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have discovered just such a plant （4）growing（grow）wild in a remote area in Fujian province，southern China．（5）As they report in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry，not only is the tea plant naturally caffeine﹣free but it also contains a number of unique medicinal compounds that，the locals believe，offer considerable health benefits．（6）Known（know）locally as Hongyacha，the newly discovered plant grows only6．Known．考查非谓语，be known as：被称为，作为..被熟知，这里是过去分词做状语，故填known．7．above．考查介词，海平线1000米以上，故填above．8．are exploring．考查时态，根据now可知使用现在进行时，主语是复数，故填are exploring．9．to be bred．考查语态，to do这里表将来，将来被培育的新品种，故填to be bred．10．has been reported．考查时态，但是没有报道任何进展，因为是进展做主语，故使用被动，表示动作的持续，故填has been reported．【点评】语法填空题是考查学生对语篇的理解能力和语言知识的应用能力．解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，充分考虑语境和上下文的联系．运用所掌握的词汇，语法等知识进行作答．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.a large number of books at home got a（n）（7）D score as university graduates who grewup with only a few books．The Guardian newspaper commented that "bookish adolescence makes for a good deal of educational advantage．""Reading books in a young age can （8）A shortcomings not only in adult literacy but also numeracy；its impacts are （9）C to additional years of education．" Sikora told Science Alert．Apart from the educational benefits，growing up with more books also plays an important role in adult success．"Early （10）D to books in the parental home matters because books are an essential part of routines and practices that（11）C lifelong cognitive （认知的）abilities"，Sikora told Science Alert．These abilities are（12）B to future development．Without doubt，the fact that we are moving toward a digital era could（13）A the importance of printed books．For now，（14）B，"they still seem to（15）C quite（14）A．therefore B．however C otherwise D．likewise （15）A．enjoy B．obtain C．maintain D．reduce【考点】M6：人生感悟类阅读．【分析】短文主要通过研究表明书对人们的文化程度、计算机能力和认知能力等都有积极的影响．【解答】1﹣15 ABCDC ADACD CBABC1．A．副词的辨析，simply简单地，definitely绝对地，generally一般而言，randomly随意地，Mann只是指出书的重要性而已，故答案为A．2．B．名词的辨析，backgrounds背景，advantages优点，requirements要求，development 发展，研究表明成长中有更多书的人更有可能有教育上的优势，故答案为B．3．C．动词的辨析，estimated估计，examined检测，tested试验，investigated调查，接着这些人被测试他们的文化和计算机能力等，故答案为C．4．D．动词的辨析，changes改变，alters改变，shifts改变，varies各异，研究表明家庭里的藏书不同国家间各异，故答案为D．义务的，这些能力对于将来的发展具有关键性的作用，故答案为B．13．A．动词的辨析，weaken变弱，highlight强调，overestimate评价过高，reflect反映，毫无疑问我们现在生活的数码时代会使纸质书的重要性变弱，故答案为A．14．B．副词的辨析，therefore所以，however然而，otherwise不然的话，likewise同样地，前后句子构成转折的关系，故答案为B．15．C．动词的辨析，enjoy享受，obtain获得，maintain保持，reduce减少，直到现在，书似乎还是对人有积极的作用，故答案为C．【点评】在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配．Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage youaccording to Shah．He added that talkative people could let secrets slip out．But this doesn't mean that it isa good idea only to share secrets with quiet people．A quiet person may be someone whokeeps everything inside．To tell such a person a secret may cause them stress，and make them talk about the secret．Shah said that to judge whether to tell someone a secret，you'd better put yourself in their position．Think about how you would feel to be told that you mustn't give theinformation away．Shah also recommended that if you accidentally give up someone's secret you should come clean about it．Let the person know that their secret isn't so secret anymore．（1）The underlined phrase "spill the bean" is closest in meaning to A．A．let out a secretB．tell the truthC．eat our wordsD．take gossip【分析】本文章主要讲述了每个人都有秘密，每个人都会替别人保守秘密，可是心中的秘密过多是对身体不好的，会造成压力．同时秘密也不可能被永远保守，只要是发生了的事情总是会被他人知道的．【解答】1．A．词义猜测题．根据文章第一段内容，"Don't tell anyone"．We hear these words when someone tells a secret to us．But it can be hard to keep a secret．We're often tempted to "spill the beans "，even if we regret it later．"不要告诉任何人"．当有人告诉我们一个秘密时，我们会听到这些话．但是很难保守秘密．即使我们后来后悔了，我们也经常想把保守的秘密透露出去，结合选项，故选A．2．D．细节题．根据文章第三段内容，People entrusted with secrets can suffer from depression，anxiety，and body aches．知道他人秘密、替他人保守秘密的人会患上抑郁症、焦虑症和身体疼痛．．结合选项，故选D．3．D．推理题．根据文章最后一段内容，Shah said that to judge whether to tell someone a secret，you'd better put yourself in their position．Think about how you would feel to be told that you mustn't give the information away．由此可知，沙阿Shah 说，要判断是否要告诉skin．? 12 pm Put the turkey in the oven to roast．? 12.15 pm Boil the potatoes and root vegetables．Make the harissa & orange marmalade glaze．Chop the ingredients for the stuffing sprouts．? 1 pm Baste the turkey，pour in the white wine and nestle cabbage wedges around the bird．Return to the oven．? 1.10 pm Prepare the separate ingredients for the mackerel starter．? 1.25 pm Smash the roasties and put them in the oven．? 1.30 pm Check the turkey﹣take out to rest if the internal temperature has reached 65C．Return the cabbage to the oven to finish cooking．? 1.35 pm Toss the roasted roots in the harissa glaze，then put in the oven．? 1.40 pm Make the gravy，cook the sprouts and keep warm．?2 pm Sit down to the starter，with everything for your lunch ready to go．?The dessert takes just 10 minutes to assemble ，so you can do it once you've enjoyedD．Wealth management（2）How long does it take to toast the turkey？CA．1 hourB．2 hoursC．1.5 hoursD．2.5 hours（3）Which of the following is True？BA．The entire Christmas dinner is composed of a roasted turkey and dessert．B．The automatically﹣generated shopping list is just for user's reference．C．Most of the ingredients on the shopping list come from the same brand．D．You can buy all your ingredients online through Whisky by one click．【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读．【分析】本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要介绍了为朋友和家人烹饪整个圣诞晚餐的想法会让你不寒而栗吗？我们的烹饪作家Sophie Godwin为无压力的一天创造了最终的简why it occurs to us that it's someone else's footsteps ，not ours？According to a new study published in the journal Nature in September，this phenomenon arises from a function in our brain to ignore the noise we make ourselves．In order to explore how our brain does this，a group of scientists carried out an experiment with mice at Duke University．The research entered on an intuition（直觉）﹣﹣﹣that we are usually unaware of the sound of our own footsteps ﹣﹣﹣as a vehicle for understanding larger neural（神经系统的）phenomena；how this behavior reveals theability to monitor，recognize，and remember the sound of one's own movements in relation to those of their larger environments．In the experiment，research controlled the sounds of a group of mice could hear，reported Science Daily．During the first several days，the mice would hear the same sound each time they took a step．This was just like "running on a tiny piano with each key playing exactly the same note"，senior study author Richard Mooney，a professor of neurobiology at Duke University，told Live Science．﹣such as when we prepare to strike keys on a piano ﹣and we compare this to what we actually hear，"explains Schneider．"We use mismatches between expectation and experience to change how we play ﹣and we get better over time because our brain is trying to minimize these errors．"（1）What can be discovered about mice in the experiment？AA．Their brain responds inactively to the familiar soundsB．They are able to detect sounds other animals don't notice．C．They cannot identify different sounds except their own footsteps．D．Different areas of their brain are responsible for different sounds．（2）What's the function of the sensory filter？CA．Getting used to abnormal or unfamiliar sounds．B．Ignoring the sounds made by our companions．C．Identifying the sounds from a larger environmentD．Being sensitive to the sounds of our own movement．easily after tuning out familiar sounds．这表明老鼠大脑中的"感觉过滤器"可以帮助它在排除熟悉的声音后，很容易地检测到新的声音或环境中的异常噪音．所以A选项他们的大脑对熟悉的声音反应迟钝．是实验的结果，故选A．2．C．推理判断题．根据倒数第五段的句子：It's almost like they were wearing special headphones that could filter（过滤）out the sound of their own movements这就像他们戴着特殊的耳机，可以过滤掉自己运动的声音．可见这种过滤器可以识别大环境中的声音，所以选C．3．D．推理判断题．根据倒数第二段句子；Being able to ignore the sounds of one's own movements is likely important for humans as well．But the ability to predict the sounds of our own actions is also important．能够忽略自己动作的声音对人类来说也很重要．但是预测自己动作声音的能力对于更复杂的人类行为来说也很重要，可见一个好的指挥家对在管弦乐队中如何演奏每个音符有很好的预测．故选D．4．B．推理判断题．着时间的推移，根据第一段句子：You're walking down a quiet street and suddenly you hear some footsteps．Undoubtedly ，it means that there's someoneD．Self﹣centered people are found to be indifferent to many things in society and other people because all their concentration is only on themselves and their needs．E．This analysis of "we﹣talk" suggested that the frequent use of "we" and "us" is linked to happier and healthier relationships．F．They found that too much "I﹣talk" was an accurate linguistic marker for the likelihood that someone is feeling stressed or experiencing negative emotions．Building a lasting social relationshipWe all know that friends are special people who we share our lives with，and who share their lives with us in return．But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy．According to research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships，the key is to use "we﹣talk"．Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues，the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5，000 participants．【考点】PF：选句填空．【分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了如何建立一种持久的社会关系，朋友是我们共同生活的特殊人．他们与我们分享他们的生活．但寻找朋友和保持友谊绝非易事．【解答】1．E．推理判断题．根据文章前文Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues，the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5，000 participants由加州大学心理学家梅根?罗宾斯和她的同事领导，研究人员对30项不同的研究进行了回顾和分析，涉及超过5项；可知交谈"表明，频繁使用"我们"和"我们"与更幸福、更健康的关系有关；故选E．2．A．推理判断题．根据前文The word "we" moves people from an individual position into a partnership，which makes us more interdependent我们"这个词将人们从个人职位转移到合伙企业，罗宾斯告诉"科学日报"；可知代词有助于洞察人们是把自己看作是个人还是整体的一部分；故选A．3．C．推理判断题．根据后文The primary point is that interdependence may bring aboutthink：" I'm going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!" But however determined we are，chances are that we don't stick to our promise．This behavior is called "bedtime procrastination（拖延症）"．According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014，bedtime procrastination is a common problem．In their study，53 percent of the 2，400 participants said they didn't follow their sleep schedule，delaying it at least twice a week．It's found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late，but they couldn't stop doing other unimportant things，which were keeping them up in the first place．"People who generally have trouble resisting temptations and sticking to their intentions are more likely to delay going to bed．" Floor Kroese，a psychologist at Utrecht University，further explained to HuffPost．Yet，according to scientists，lack of self﹣control is not the only thing to blame．Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bed time．In order to check the分析：这句话使用that引导宾语从句．【解答】Two studies carried out separately in Netherlands and Germany find that lack of self ﹣control and the influence of body clock on sleep are to blame for "bedtime procrastination "，the behavior of delaying going to bed．（要点Psychologists reached the conclusion by following participants' sleep schedule and studying sleep patterns．（高分句型一）（要点二）They warn that bedtime procrastination is potentially bad for health．（高分句型二）（要点三）【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来．动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．V. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.【解答】答案：Inspired by the team spirit ，every member of the research group made his contributions to the new project．根据句意和所给部分可知这里使用过去分词作状语，make contributions to对…做出贡献．【点评】对于汉译英，解题前应快速浏览句子掌握大意，在读懂句子的基础上，结合提供的特定的语言环境去分析．要解决好该题型，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目．23．（5分）越来越多年轻人遭受着精神问题的困扰，这是由日益加增的生活压力造成的．More and more people suffer from mental problems ，which results from the increasing pressure in life．【考点】Q2：汉译英．【分析】越来越多年轻人遭受着精神问题的困扰，这是由日益加增的生活压力造成的．【解答】答案：More and more people suffer from mental problems ，which results from the increasing pressure in life．根据句意和所给部分可知这里使用动词短语suffer from意为"遭受"，which引导非限制性定语从句，result from源自．法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目．VI. Guided Writing25．（20分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际谈谈你的看法．【考点】R3：图画类．【分析】高分句型一：Some people think success is simple and direct，while in fact，theway to success is twist and it needs hard work．译文：有些人认为成功是简单而直接的，而事实上，成功的途径是曲折的，它需要努力工作．分析：这句话使用while连接并列句，表示对比关系．高分句型二：It is necessary for you to sum up your experience constantly and improve the efficiency of your work．译文：你必须不断总结经验，提高工作效率．中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．。
2019-2020学年上海杨浦教师进修学院附属中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析
2019-2020学年上海杨浦教师进修学院附属中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AI started working with my hands at a young age. The youngest of five brothers, I took on the role as a “maintenance (维修) man” at an early age for our family’s small grocery store. Often my dad wouldn’t give me a clear idea of how something shouldbe done, so I just had to figure it out by researching or through trial and error.Fast forward to 2016 and those problem-solving skills would become the focus of Tippecanoe High School’s Homebuilding class. I knew I wanted to teach the students skills that went beyond just being able to hammer nails or cut pieces of two-by-fours. The problem was that we didn’t have the resources at the time to do much else. The idea of attracting some type of funding seemed very important. Designing, building and selling a tiny house on wheels seemed like the perfect project to accomplishthe task. I reached out to a number of local businesses and most of them responded with the greatest support for what x k w we were doing.This year we added a new element to the program. Through one of our partners, we were able to connect with the nonprofit Veteran’s Ananda Incorporated. Students in the Homebuilding class are leading the design and production of micro houses to be donated to this organization. The new partnership gives the students another focus to consider when designing and building the houses.There has been no shortage of students since our first year. Three years ago we had 41 students, the next 191, and this year it was limited to just over 160 students so we could have a safe and manageable classroom environment. The number of girls taking the class has risen steadily over the last few years as well. This class offers something for everyone and the skills are universal.1. How can we describe the young author?A. He opened a small grocery store.B. He did a lot of research in the lab.C. He enjoyed doing hands-on activities.D. He learnt about maintenance from his father.2. What do the underlined words “the task” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Getting some financial support.B. Selling a tiny house on wheels.C. Reaching out to many local businesses.D. Offering the students some problem-solving skills.3. What can be inferred about the Homebuilding class from the last paragraph?A. Its size needs increasing.B. Itis popular with the students.C. It has caused some safety concerns.D. Its classroom environment is hard to manage.BSummer is quickly passing by—but not without the ultimate meteor（流星）shower event!The2021 Perseids Meteor Shower, which is considered to be the best meteor shower of the year, is expected to start lighting up skies on this Wednesday, according to NASA. Known for fireballs, the Perseids typically light up skies on warm summer nights, leaving “long wake（尾迹）of light and color1 behind them.”Under ideal conditions, sky watchers may see approximately 50-100 meteors per hour with each meteor traveling at 37 miles per second. .Because the meteors appear in all parts of the sky, it will be pretty easy to witness the celestial（天上的）event from anywhere in the world. To get the best show, it is advised to view the Perseids from the Northern Hemisphere（半球）during the pre- dawn hours, ideally between 2 a.m. and dawn. In some cases, sky gazers may be able to seemeteors during this shower as early as 9 or 10 p. m.“If it's not cloudy, pick an observing spot away from bright lights, lie on your back, and look up! You don't need any special equipment to view the Perseids—just your eyes,” NASA wrote on their site, adding that telescopes or binoculars are not recommended due to their small fields of view.Remember to let your eyes become adjusted to the dark. Try to stay off of your phone too, as looking at devices with bright screens will negatively affect your night vision and thus reduce the number of meteors you see!For those who may be unable to view the Perseids in person, a live broadcast will be streaming from NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, starting around 8 p. m. on Aug. 11 and continuing through sunrise on Aug. 12.4. What can we learn about the Perseids Meteor Shower?A. It will be the best meteor shower in history.B. The ultimate shower only happens on this Wednesday.C. We can observe 50- 100 meteors per hour in any place.D. The Meteors usually have long and bright trails behind them.5. Which of the following may be the best time to view the shower?A. At 4 a. m. on the Northern Hemisphere.B. At 2 p. m. on the Northern Hemisphere.C. At sunrise on the Southern Hemisphere.D. At dawn on the Southern Hemisphere.6. What can be inferred about the observation of Meteors?A. If you use a telescope, you will see more meteors.B. You can use smartphones to record the grand scene.C. The brighter the moon is, the more meteors you can see. .D. Bright lights will reduce the visibility of meteors.7. If you are not available to watch the Perseids personally, you can ________.A. browse the unofficial website of NASAB. watch a video recorded by a flight centerC. stream a live show on Aug. 11 nightD. use special devices to connect with the showerCThere are similarities and differences between high school life and college life.For one thing, there are several similarities between high school life and collegelife. First, the most important task in high school and college is both studying. Studying is the most important as a student. Second, we need a goal to fight for in both high school life and college life. To lead a meaningful life, we have to set up a goal to achieve.For another, there are also some differences between high school life and college life. First, our studying is also the biggest difference. In high school, we are required to follow our teachers' steps and finish theirassignmentsevery day. While in college, there are no teachers giving such detailed requirements to us and we can choose study or not according to our own willing. What and how to study totally depends on us. Therefore, the ability of self-control is very important in college life. Second, the flexibility (灵活性) of time is another difference. In high school, we have no much leisure except for our time of study. However, in college, we have much controlled by ourselves except the time of classes. And we have more time to do what we like. Finally,college lifeis much more various and richer. Besides study, we can attend many other activities, which make our college life more wonderful.In brief, there are both similarities and differences between high school life and college life. However, no matter we are in which period, we need to make full use of every day so that we will never feel regretful.8. Why do students need a goal to fight in high school and college?A. To enter a good college.B. To avoid living a meaningless life.C. To develop the ability of control.D. To meet their parents’ satisfaction.9. What does the underlined word “assignments” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Projects.B. Tasks.C. Goals.D. Dreams.10. Which is the correct structure of the passage?A. ①-②③-④B. ①②-③-④C. ①-②③④D.①②-③④11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. College LifeB. High School LifeC. High School and CollegeD. High School Life and College LifeDA student had to get his long hair cut off in a middle school in GuangDong Province. It was talked a lot among teachers and students.In fact, all schools have their own rules. In most schools, boy students are not allowed to have long hair while girls are not allowed to dye their hair. And most school rules say that students should wear their school uniforms at school. And students must obey these rules so that they can get healthy development at school.But some students have disagreements. They think that boy students having long hair doesn't mean that they are not good students. They want to show their own personality. They think that they would look cool too if they had long hair and the hairstyles like their favorite stars.A girl student thought that she would look much more beautiful if she had brown hair. So she had her dark hair dyed brown one day. When she went back to school the next day, the teacher was very angry with her. She said that she worked hard at her lessons and did well in every subject. She just didn't know why the teacher didn't allow her to dye her hair while women teachers can.It is not wrong for teenagers to love stars' hairstyles or wear their favorite clothes. However, a school has its own rules for all the students to obey so that the school can be in good order. Students should not break the rules at school.12. What aren't boy students allowed to do in most middle schools according to this passage?A. To have long hair.B. To wear uniforms.C. To like famous stars.D. To show their own personalities.13. Why did the girl make her hair brown?A. Because she wanted to be cool.B. Because she thought that she would look much more beautiful.C. Because she wanted to make her teacher angry.D Because women teachers dyed their hair.14. What does the writer think of these school rules?A. The students should be against them.B. They are bad for students.C. They can make schools in good order.D. They can't make students grow healthily.15. What is the passage mainly about?A. Hair styles and clothes.B. Schoolboys and schoolgirls.C. Students and famous stars.D. School rules.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年上学期上海市杨浦区高三英语一模试卷
杨浦区2019学年第一学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2019.12Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Killer RabbitsYou’d never think of rabbits as dreadful, destructive creatures, would you? Rabbits are cute and love-able. However, Australians discovered (21) ________ harm these cute creatures can do the hard way.Rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1788 as food animals. By 1827, they were running around large estates, and in 1859, disaster struck. A man released 12 wild rabbits onto his property for hunting and he (22) ________ have thought that was harmless fun. But Australia has no predators（捕食者）(23) ________ (adapt) to killing rabbits and none of the diseases that kept their populations (24) ________ control in Europe. The loose rabbits bred like, well, rabbits, and began to take over the countryside. Within a few decades, there were millions. By 1950, there were 600 million rabbits in Australia.Six hundred million hungry rabbits could do real harm. They caused more damage than any other species introduced to the continent. They ate native plant species (25) ________ they disappeared. They competed for food and shelter with native animals. they caused the extinction or endangerment of numerous plant and animal species. And they were a nightmare for cattle and sheep farmers, (26)________ animals couldn't get enough grass to eat and starved.The rabbits did some good, of course. They provided food for poor families. They supported fur industries. But their impact on the environment and major livestock economy was too negative(27)________(ignore). People tried trapping them. They even built a huge wall against them. But(28)________(effective) weapon was a virus.(29) ________(test) multiple times, the deadly myxoma virus was released on Australia's rabbits in 1950. The virus had been developed very carefully to affect only rabbits. Nearly 100 percent of the rabbits who caught the disease (30) ________(die).Populations fell. It was a huge success. Cattle and sheep farming recovered gradually, and threatened plants were better protected. Eventually, rabbits became resistant to the virus.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Bottle Found at Sea Used for Scientific PurposeCombing the beach for shells, sea glass, or colorful rocks is a leisure activity enjoyed by many. Some even use metal detectors to find buried treasure or other objects. Only the lucky few have ___31___ a message in a bottle that was dropped off by the tide. The tradition of putting a letter to an unknown recipient into a bottle and throwing it into the ocean has an interesting past. An early ___32___ use for the practice was revealed when the oldest recorded message in a bottle was found by Tonya on a beach near Wedge Island, Australia.Tonya was on a family outing when she noticed the antique glass bottle in the sand and thought it would make a nice ___33___. While she was cleaning the sandy gin bottle, a rolled up paper tied with a ___34___ fell out. The damp page was a message written in German and dated June 12, 1886. According to official documents from the German sailing vessels, Paula, a crew member tossed the bottle overboard a(n) ___35___ 950 km off the coast of Western Australia. Further research authenticated(验证）the letter, which had been sent afloat 132 years ago and is the oldest message in a bottle ever ___36___.Historians confirm that thousands of similar bottles were cast overboard by German ships between 1864 and 1933. And ___37___ inside were official documents written by the captain of the ship, ___38__ routes, coordinates, and other information. These early messages in a bottle were an attempt by the German Naval Observatory to map ocean ___39___ around the world.On the back of the notes were __40__ to write the time and place the bottles were found and return them to the German Naval Observatory in Hamburg or the nearest German authorities. Using this information for reference was an early system of studying patterns in nature and the vast ocean in particular.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by self-criticism after committing a few errors during a weekend match. “I’m at peak ___41___ and I practise hard. How is this happening?” This student, like many I teach, believes she should be able to ___42___ the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.I study and write about resilience (复原力), and I’m noticing a(n)___43___ increase in students like this athlete. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. When they fall short of what they imagine they should ___44___, however, they are crushed by self-blame.We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from ___45___. But there is something else at play among the most advantaged in particular:a ___46___ promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind-set” research, which has found that praising children for ___47___ will increase academic performance. Developed by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, mind-set education has spread across classrooms worldwide. But a 2018 analysis found that while praising hard work over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not ___48___ help everyone.One possible explanation comes from Nina Kumar, who argued in a research paper last year that for teens in wealthy, pressure-cooker communities, “It is not a ___49___ of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem. ___50___, it is unhealthy perfectionism and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the fierce drive for achievements is over the top.” This can ___51___ physical and emotional stress. In a 2007 study, psychologists Gregory Miller determined that adolescent girls who refused to give up the ___52___ goals showed elevated levels of CRP, a protein that serves as a marker of systemic inflammation (炎症) linked to diabetes, heart disease and other medical conditions.The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. This knowledge comes early to underrepresented minorities whose experience of discrimination (歧视) and inequality teaches them to ___53___ what is, for now, largely beyond their control to change. Yet for others, the belief that success is always within their grasp is a setup. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way，we should all question a culture that has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what ___54___ inspires them and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. We should be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of disappointing us when we least ___55___ it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.41. A. coolness B. fitness C. goodness D. readiness42. A. control B. change C. adjust D. celebrate43. A. amusing B. inspiring C. troubling D. touching44. A. apply B. approve C. appreciate D. accomplish45. A. disbelief B. disagreement C. discovery D. discomfort46. A. bright B. false C. general D. flexible47. A. virtue B. ability C. effort D. status48. A. originally B. obviously C. necessarily D. regularly49. A. choice B. command C. display D. lack50. A. instead B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. However51. A. result from B. apply for C. associate with D. lead to52. A. Immoral B. impersonal C. impossible D. impolite53. A. challenge B. accept C. assess D. inquire54. A. plainly B. probably C. immediately D. actually55. A. exhibit B. expect C. establish D. recognizeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)David Miles, an Australian inventor has been accused of cheating desperate farmers by charging up to $50,000 Australian dollars for delivering rain on demand without so much as explaining the technology behind his business.On the official Miles Research website，Miles explains that in the 1990’s he realized that it was possible to influence weather patterns by creating a bridge between ‘the present’ and a ‘near-future event’ in the physical space-time continuum. He found that by applying small amounts of energy intelligently, even a large, messy weather system approaching from the future could be eased.While somewhat fascinating, Miles’ explanation does little to explain how he is able to bring rainfall to the lands of farmers. He makes references to famous but debatable concepts like “the butterfly effect”. “We were advised against patenting because ifs basically exposing how it works. There are a lot of big companies that invest in hunting out patents,” Miles said “I understand the doubts，the only other way is to fully prove up our science and physics. If we did that, we'll lose it, it will be taken up as a national security interest and it’ll then be weaponized.”Miles' claims raised suspicions for obvious reasons, including a since-deleted section of his company website, which claimed that his technology used “electromagnetic scalar waves”，which scientists say don’t even exist.The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has warned people against doing business with him, but the Australian inventor claims the ACCC is only trying to defame him and his company, as in reality they are success based - if it doesn’t rain, they don’t get paid.“Consumers signed the agreement that if by the end of Ju ne they receive 100mm, they pay $50,000, if they only receive 50mm, they would only pay $25,000. Anything under half，we don’t want to be paid,” Miles said of a handf ul of Wimmera farmers who agreed to take him up on his offer to deliver rain.Believe it or not, one of the farmers who paid David Miles for his so-called rain-making capabilities told ABC Radio that he was quite happy with the results.56. David Miles claims to be capable of ________.A. influencing the weather systemB. predicting the future eventsC. reducing the atmospheric temperatureD. easing the gravitational energy57. ACCC issued warning against doing business with Miles because________.A. he charged too much for the services providedB. there was no solid science to hack up his technologyC. his practice was a threat to national security interestD. he didn ’t officially patent his technology with ACCC58. According to Miles ，how much will be paid if the farmers receive 15mm of rain?A. $50,000.B. $25,000.C. $12,500.D. $0.59. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Miles needed safer facilities for his business.B. Miles brought about good crops as expected.C. Miles wasn’t discouraged by the critics.D. Miles was arrested by the local police.(B)Call now to speak to a friendly representative(888) 551-3466For Curved & Straight Stairs | 7-Day Money Back Guarantee | Rentals AvailableAt Stannah, we are committed to providing our customers with the safest, more reliable stair-lifts and the most generous assurance among stairlift provider, for value that can’t be beaten. Let us create a custom stair -lift solution for your needs.Call to find a local showroom! Our customers love us! Trust-score 9.5 out of 10 ☆☆☆☆☆ 398 reviews on ☆TrustpilotStannah stair-lifts arc available for indoor and outdoor straightor indoor curved stairs. 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2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷
2019 年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷I. Listening Comprehension1．（1.5 分）A．Job applicants．B．University students ．C．News reporters．D．Public speakers．2．（1.5 分）A．﹩36．B．﹩60．C．﹩24．D．﹩303．（1.5 分）A．Nervous．B．Excited ．C．Surprised．D．Calm．4．（1.5 分）A．They can hardly find time to do exercise ．B．Both of them are fond of doing exercise ．C．Doing exercise is the last thing they'd like to do ．D．The woman disagrees to do exercise with the man ．5．（1.5 分）A．Student and teacher．B．Guest and receptionist．C．Customer and shop assistant．D．Daughter and father ．6．（1.5 分）A．The Student Union ．B．The Tutoring Service Center ．C．Her professor's office ．D．Her tutor's home ．7．（1.5 分）A．The coverage of newspapers．B．The nature of humans．C．The increase of crime rate ．D．The impact of mass media．8．（1.5 分）A．Doctor Green is very busy on Mondays ．B．Doctor Green forgot to put the man on the schedule ．C．An unexpected patient visited Doctor Green last Monday ．D．Patients can usually see Doctor Green on schedule．9．（1.5 分）A．She is disappointed with his decision ．B．She is crazy about going camping in the tropical jungle ．C．She tries to persuade the man not to go with Jerry ．D．She suggests the man reconsider his plan．10．（1.5 分）A ．Because he favors goods in physical stores．B．Because he enjoys the offline shopping experience ．C．Because he doesn't have much money．D．Because he doesn't like the shopping festival ．11．（4.5 分）（1）A ． A number of giant rats are hidden in the fields or forests ．B．Violent robbers may come out and hurt innocent civilians ．C．People may step onto a landmine（地雷）and get injured．D．Other roads have a litter problem ，which spoils good mood ．（2）A．It is a rare species of rat．B．It has a good sense of smell．C．It sacrifices its life to detect dangers ．D．It is terrified of explosive device ．（3）13minutesB．30minutesC．40minutesD．4days12．（4.5 分）（1）A．It bans the sales of salty and unhealthy food ．B．Its residents lose altogether 100，000kg by 2020 ．C．Everyone weighs himself on giant scales in public ．D．Local doctors make personalized diets for everyone（2）A．Local people share healthy diet with each other ．B．Thousands of residents kick football to keep slim ．C．Local restaurants use olive oil to replace butter ．D．Government officials persevere in physical exercise ．（3）A．Students are encouraged to walk or ride to schoolB．Students are allowed to ride bicycles in school libraries ．C．Parents are offered devices to monitor children's walking time ．D．Fruits are provided for those who are addicted to online games ．13．（6 分）（1）A．Neither of them can find a suitable game ．B．They are both enthusiastic about games．C．Good games cost a large amount of money．D．They often go Dutch when buying gifts ．（2）A．It includes fantasy role ﹣playing．B．It doesn't have an actual ending ．C．It is an expensive online game ．D．It is something like a racing game ．（3）A．Players have opportunities to make new friends ．B．Players can have face﹣to﹣face communication ．C．Players may be rewarded with delicious food ．D．Players can start the game at any time they want．（4）A．Add variety to the recommended game ．B．Look around to find a cheaper online game ．C．Persuade the woman to change her mind．D．Try to find an extraordinary online game ．II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections ：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each with the proper form of the given word ；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（15 分）A newly discovered tea plant is caffeine ﹣freeThe world loves tea and some 3m tons of tea are consumed every year ．Tea can be goodfor health，as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol （胆固醇）and reduce the risk of heart disease．But there is a downside ．Tea contains caffeine which ，（1）it improves mental alertness，can also cause anxiety，insomnia and other problems ．（2）would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but with little or （3）of the caffeine has been found ．Liang Chen and Ji ﹣Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have discovered just such a plant （4）（grow）wild in a remote area in Fujian province，southern China．（5）they report in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry，not only is the tea plant naturally caffeine ﹣free but it also contains a number of unique medicinal compounds that ，the locals believe，offer considerable health benefits ．（6）（know）locally as Hongyacha ，the newly discovered plant grows only between 700 and 1，000 metres（7）sea level around a handful of Chinese villages ．Now the researchers（8）（explore）methods to protect Hongyacha in its natural habitat while further studies are carried out ．It can take time ﹣and sometimes it does not work ﹣for new plant varieties （9）（breed）for commercial use ． A pair of naturally caffeine﹣free coffee plants were discovered in 2003，but little progress （10）（report）Tea enthusiasts will be watching Hongyacha with interest ．And others will wonder what else is out there．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections ：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A ，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.15．（15 分）According to German novelist Heinrich Mann （1871﹣1950）， a house without books is like a room without windows ．Mann （1）pointed out the value of books ，but some researchers have found evidence that people with books in their homes really do gaina window on the world ．A new study in the journal Social Science Research ，publishing in October ，suggeststhat people who grow up with more books are more likely to have educational （2），and to achieve more in life ，than people who grow up without them ．In the study，over 160，000 adults from 31 countries and regions were asked about the number of books there were in their homes when they were 16 years old ．Then they were（3）in literacy ，numeracy（计算能力）and information communication technology ．The research shows that the number of books for each household （4）greatly from country to country ．（5），the number of books is 27 in Turkey ，143 in the UK and 218 in Estonia ．But "the total （6）of home library size on literacy are large everywhere" ，according to researcher Joann Sikorn of Australian National University in a paper based on the study．The researcher found that people who had lower levels of secondary education but had a large number of books at home got a（n）（7）score as university graduates who grew up with only a few books ．The Guardian newspaper commented that "bookish adolescence makes for a good deal of educational advantage．""Reading books in a young age can （8）shortcomings not only in adult literacy but also numeracy；its impacts are （9）to additional years of education ．" Sikora told Science Alert．Apart from the educational benefits，growing up with more books also plays an important role in adult success ．"Early （10）to books in the parental home matters because books are an essential part of routines and practices tha（t 11）lifelong cognitive （认知的）abilities" ，Sikora told Science Alert ．These abilities are（12）to future development ．Without doubt ，the fact that we are moving toward a digital era could （13）the importance of printed books ．For now ，（14），"they still seem to（15）quite a large positive benefit ，which shows no sign of decreasing" ，researchers wrote in the paper．（1）A．simply B．definitely C．generally D．randomly（2）A．backgrounds B．advantages C．requirements D．development （3）A．estimated B．examined C．tested D．investigated（4）A．changes B．alters C．shifts D．varies（5）A．By comparison B．As a result C．For instance D．In total（6）A．effects B．expenses C．inputs D．contributions（7）A．higher B．lower C．average D．similar（8）A．make up for B break up with C．live up to D．catch up with （9）A．senior B．essential C．equal D．familiar（10）A．addition B．engagement C．devotion D．exposure（11）A ．prove B．demonstrate C．enhance D．acquire（12）A．relevant B．crucial C．opposite D．compulsory （13）A．weaken B．highlight C．overestimate D．reflect（14）A．therefore B．however C otherwise D．likewise（15）A．enjoy B．obtain C．maintain D．reduceSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.16．（8 分）"Don't tell anyone" ．We hear these words when someone tells a secret to us．But it can be hard to keep a secret．We're often tempted to "spill the beans " ，even if we regret it later．According to Asim Shah，professor in the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Baylor College of Medicine ，US，keeping a secret may well "becomea burden"．This is because people often have an "obsessive（无法摆脱的）and anxious urgeto share it with someone" ．An earlier study ，led by Anita E ．Kelly ，a scientist at the University of Notre Dame ，US，suggested that keeping a secret could cause stress ．People entrusted with secrets can suffer from depression ，anxiety，and body aches，reported the Daily Mail ．But with secrets so often getting out ，why do people share them at all ？Shah explained that people often feel that it will help them keep a person as a friend ．Another reason people share secrets is guilt over keeping it from someone close to them． A sense of distrust can develop when people who are close do not share it with each other．"Keeping or sharing secrets often puts people in a position of either gaining or losing the trust of someone．"according to Shah．He added that talkative people could let secrets slip out ．But this doesn't mean that it is a good idea only to share secrets with quiet people ． A quiet person may be someone who keeps everything inside ．To tell such a person a secret may cause them stress，and make them talk about the secret．Shah said that to judge whether to tell someone a secret，you'd better put yourself in their position．Think about how you would feel to be told that you mustn't give the information away．Shah also recommended that if you accidentally give up someone's secret you should come clean about it．Let the person know that their secret isn't so secret anymore ．（1）The underlined phrase "spill the bean" is closest in meaning to ．A ．let out a secretB．tell the truthC．eat our wordsD．take gossip（2）A person who is entrusted with a secret ．A ．is oft often obsessed with a certain threatB．often would rather not have been told about itC．usually has a strong desire to keep it until deathD．may suffer from physical or psychological problems（3）What can we learn from the passage？A ．Quiet people are more likely to keep the secrets to themselves ．B．Sharing secrets helps establish friendship or get over the sense of guilt ．C．It's better to inform others of the chances of your leaking secrets beforehand ．D．Putting yourself in others' shoes helps realize the difficulty of keeping secrets ．（4）What's the best title for the passage？A ．Walls have ears．B．Still tongues make wise heads．C． A word spoken is past recalling ．D．Every wall has a crack ．17（．6 分）Does the thought of cooking an entire Christmas dinner for friends and family make you shudder？Our cookery writer Sophie Godwin has created the ultimate simplified menu for a stress﹣free day．With a range of time ﹣saving techniques and showstopping flavour twists ，this is the only festive menu you'll ever need ．Embrace the art of the shortcut!Your timeplan to eat at 2 pmView and print our at ﹣a﹣glance infographic time plan ．? 11 am Take your turkey out of the fridge ．? 11.30 am Heat the oven ．Prepare the rosemary butter and rub underneath the turkey skin．? 12 pm Put the turkey in the oven to roast ．? 12.15 pm Boil the potatoes and root vegetables．Make the harissa & orange marmalade glaze．Chop the ingredients for the stuffing sprouts ．? 1 pm Baste the turkey，pour in the white wine and nestle cabbage wedges around the bird．Return to the oven ．? 1.10 pm Prepare the separate ingredients for the mackerel starter．? 1.25 pm Smash the roasties and put them in the oven．? 1.30 pm Check the turkey ﹣take out to rest if the internal temperature has reached 65C ．Return the cabbage to the oven to finish cooking ．? 1.35 pm Toss the roasted roots in the harissa glaze，then put in the oven．? 1.40 pm Make the gravy ，cook the sprouts and keep warm．?2 pm Sit down to the starter ，with everything for your lunch ready to go ．?The dessert takes just 10 minutes to assemble ，so you can do it once you've enjoyed the main course．Buy your ingredientsWe've pre﹣loaded your shopping list so that you can quickly buy all your ingredients for this menu in one go ．Just click below to be taken to your shopping list ，where you can buy all your ingredients from your preferred supermarket ，and remove any ingredients as needed，and even print the list ，to use direct when shopping ．（Serves 6）Add to shopping ListThe above shopping list is powered by Whisk ．Please check your list thoroughly beforepurchasing．If the same items appear across different recipes they will not automatically combine in your list and you'll need to do this manually ．Please also check the products that have been selected via the Whisk program，as you may prefer a different brand from that listed．（1）Which section CAN'T we find on the website ？A ．Classic cocktailsB．Vegetarian ChristmasC．Roast calculatorD．Wealth management（2）How long does it take to toast the turkey ？A ． 1 hourB． 2 hoursC． 1.5 hoursD． 2.5 hours（3）Which of the following is True ？A ．The entire Christmas dinner is composed of a roasted turkey and dessert ．B．The automatically ﹣generated shopping list is just for user's reference．C．Most of the ingredients on the shopping list come from the same brand ．D．You can buy all your ingredients online through Whisky by one click ．18 ．（8 分）You're walking down a quiet street and suddenly you hear somefootsteps．Undoubtedly ，it means that there's someone around．But have you ever wonder why it occurs to us that it's someone else's footsteps ，not ours？According to a new study published in the journal Nature in September，this phenomenon arises from a function in our brain to ignore the noise we make ourselves ．In order to explore how our brain does this， a group of scientists carried out an experiment with mice at Duke University ．The research entered on an intuition（直觉）﹣﹣﹣that we are usually unaware of the sound of our own footsteps ﹣﹣﹣as a vehicle for understanding larger neural（神经系统的）phenomena；how this behavior reveals the ability to monitor ，recognize，and remember the sound of one's own movements in relationto those of their larger environments ．In the experiment ，research controlled the sounds of a group of mice could hear，reported Science Daily ．During the first several days ，the mice would hear the same sound each time they took a step．This was just like "running on a tiny piano with each key playing exactly the same note"，senior study author Richard Mooney ，a professor of neurobiology at Duke University ，told Live Science ．Scientists found that their auditory cortex （听觉皮层）﹣the area of the brain that processes sound ﹣became active at first but decreased its response to the sound after two or three minutes when the mice became familiar with it ．" It's almost like they were wearing special headphones that could filter （过滤）out the sound of their own movements ．" David Schneider ，an assistant professor at the Center for Neutral Science at New York University ，told HuffPost ．But once the sound changed，their auditory cortex became active again ．This suggests that the "sensory filter" in a mouse's brain could help it detect new sounds or abnormal noise in the environment easily after tuning out familiar sounds ．"For mice ，this is really important ，" said Schneider．"They are prey animals ，so they really need to be able to listen for a cat creeping up on them ，even when they're walking and making noise．Being able to ignore the sounds of one's own movements is likely important for humansas well．But the ability to predict the sounds of our own actions is also important for more complex human behaviors such as speaking or playing an instrument ．"When we learn to speak or to play music ，we predict what sounds we are going to hear ﹣such as when we prepare to strike keys on a piano ﹣and we compare this to what we actually hear，"explains Schneider ．"We use mismatches between expectation and experience to change how we play ﹣and we get better over time because our brain is trying to minimize these errors．"（1）What can be discovered about mice in the experiment ？A ．Their brain responds inactively to the familiar soundsB．They are able to detect sounds other animals don't notice ．C．They cannot identify different sounds except their own footsteps ．D．Different areas of their brain are responsible for different sounds ．（2）What's the function of the sensory filter ？A ．Getting used to abnormal or unfamiliar sounds ．B．Ignoring the sounds made by our companions ．C．Identifying the sounds from a larger environmentD．Being sensitive to the sounds of our own movement ．（3）Why can a good symphony conductor immediately recognize it when a wrong note is played？A ．He has the ability to match the wrong note with the instrument player ．B．He has an intuition that he should ignore the sound of his own movement ．C．He has a low expectation and knows where players are likely to make errors ．D．He has a good prediction of how each note should be played in the orchestra ．（4）What can be inferred from the passage？A ．Noise﹣filtering ability ensures us a quiet and undisturbed environment ．B．The ability to ignore familiar noises helps to detect potential dangers ．C．The activeness of auditory cortex determines our activity performance ．D．Sound﹣predicting ability seems not so important for humans as for animals ．ection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentencegiven in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.19．（8 分）A ．Pronouns offer an insight into whether people see themselves as individuals or as part of a whole ．B．If you are speaking in a person context ，you're speaking about something that's of relevance to you．C．Their research also found that "we ﹣talk" is helpful for resolving conflicts ．D．Self﹣centered people are found to be indifferent to many things in society and other people because all their concentration is only on themselves and their needs ．E．This analysis of "we ﹣talk" suggested that the frequent use of "we" and "us" is linked to happier and healthier relationships ．F．They found that too much "I ﹣talk" was an accurate linguistic marker for the likelihood that someone is feeling stressed or experiencing negative emotions ．Building a lasting social relationshipWe all know that friends are special people who we share our lives with ，and who share their lives with us in return ．But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy．According to research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships，the key is to use "we﹣talk" ．Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues，the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5 ，000 participants ．（1）．The word "we" moves people from an individual position into a partnership，which makes us more interdependent．" （2）．Word use is a window into what people are thinking and feeling without asking them ．" Robbins told Science Daily ．（3）．The primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationship ﹣centered behaviors and positive perceptions of the partner﹣﹣especially important in times of stress and disagreement ．Contrary to "we ﹣talk" ，there is "I ﹣talk" ，which refers to the frequent use of the first ﹣person singular pronouns ，such as "I" ，"me" and "mine" ，when writing or speaking．Earlier this year ，researcher analyzed a set of data that came from 4，7000 people in Germany and the US ．（4）．As you can see from the two studies ，too much "I ﹣talk" can make you feel depressed．But "we ﹣talk" can encourage you to become more positive and create a chain effect of healthy interdependence with others ．So next time you are talking to a friend，try using more "we﹣talk" ．You may find yourself feeling more positive ﹣﹣and the effect it will have on your friend will be positive as well ．IV. Summary Writing20．（10 分）Directions ：Read the following passage ．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible ．When we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes ，many of us oftenthink：" I'm going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!" But however determined we are ，chances are that we don't stick to our promise ．This behavior is called "bedtime procrastination （拖延症）"．According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014 ，bedtime procrastination is a common problem ．In their study ，53 percent of the 2，400 participants said they didn't follow their sleep schedule ，delaying it atleast twice a week．It's found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late，but they couldn't stop doing other unimportant things ，which were keeping them up in the first place ．"People who generally have trouble resisting temptations and sticking to their intentions are more likely to delay going to bed ．" Floor Kroese ， a psychologist at Utrecht University ，further explained to HuffPost ．Yet，according to scientists，lack of self ﹣control is not the only thing to blame ．Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bed time．In order to check the influence of the body clock on sleep ，psychologists at Ulm University in Germany studied the sleep patterns of 108 people in February ．It was found that those who get up late are more likely to postpone their bedtime than those who wake early every morning ．"The intention to go to bed earlier is not enough ，" Jane Kuhnel ， a psychologist at Ulm University ，concluded in Popular Science．"Biological processes need to support this intention ．"People always think that bedtime procrastination isn't a big problem ，but as Kroese told Popular Science，"the choices we make that affect out sleep could turn out to be pretty important for our health ．"V. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the wordsgiven in the brackets.21．（5 分）无论幸福的定义如何变化，人们永远不会放弃追求幸福的权利．（right ）22．（5 分）在团队精神的鼓舞下，研究小组的每个成员都为新项目做出了自己的贡献．（contribution ）23．（5 分）越来越多年轻人遭受着精神问题的困扰，这是由日益加增的生活压力造成的．24．（5 分）在人类身上使用基因编辑技术是非常危险的．它不仅违背了医学伦理道德，并且可能产生无法预知的后果．（Not ）VI. Guided Writing25．（20 分）Directions ：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese ．请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际谈谈你的看法．2019 年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析I. Listening Comprehension1．（1.5 分）A．Job applicants．B．University students ．C．News reporters．D．Public speakers．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略2．（1.5 分）A．﹩36．B．﹩60．C．﹩24．D．﹩30【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略3．（1.5 分）A．Nervous．B．Excited ．C．Surprised．D．Calm．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略4．（1.5 分）A．They can hardly find time to do exercise ．B．Both of them are fond of doing exercise ．C．Doing exercise is the last thing they'd like to do ．D．The woman disagrees to do exercise with the man ．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略5．（1.5 分）A．Student and teacher．B．Guest and receptionist．C．Customer and shop assistant．D．Daughter and father ．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略6．（1.5 分）A．The Student Union ．B．The Tutoring Service Center ．C．Her professor's office ．D．Her tutor's home ．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略7．（1.5 分）A．The coverage of newspapers．B．The nature of humans．C．The increase of crime rate ．D．The impact of mass media．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略8．（1.5 分）A．Doctor Green is very busy on Mondays ．B．Doctor Green forgot to put the man on the schedule ．C．An unexpected patient visited Doctor Green last Monday ．D．Patients can usually see Doctor Green on schedule．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略9．（1.5 分）A．She is disappointed with his decision ．B．She is crazy about going camping in the tropical jungle ．C．She tries to persuade the man not to go with Jerry ．D．She suggests the man reconsider his plan．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略10．（1.5 分）A ．Because he favors goods in physical stores．B．Because he enjoys the offline shopping experience ．C．Because he doesn't have much money．D．Because he doesn't like the shopping festival ．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略11．（4.5 分）（1）A ． A number of giant rats are hidden in the fields or forests ．B．Violent robbers may come out and hurt innocent civilians ．C．People may step onto a landmine（地雷）and get injured．D．Other roads have a litter problem ，which spoils good mood ．（2）A．It is a rare species of rat．B．It has a good sense of smell．C．It sacrifices its life to detect dangers ．D．It is terrified of explosive device ．（3）13minutesB．30minutesC．40minutesD．4days【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略12．（4.5 分）（1）A．It bans the sales of salty and unhealthy food ．B．Its residents lose altogether 100，000kg by 2020 ．C．Everyone weighs himself on giant scales in public ．D．Local doctors make personalized diets for everyone（2）A．Local people share healthy diet with each other ．B．Thousands of residents kick football to keep slim ．C．Local restaurants use olive oil to replace butter ．D．Government officials persevere in physical exercise ．（3）A．Students are encouraged to walk or ride to schoolB．Students are allowed to ride bicycles in school libraries ．C．Parents are offered devices to monitor children's walking time ．D．Fruits are provided for those who are addicted to online games ．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略13．（6 分）（1）A．Neither of them can find a suitable game ．B．They are both enthusiastic about games．C．Good games cost a large amount of money．D．They often go Dutch when buying gifts ．（2）A．It includes fantasy role ﹣playing．B．It doesn't have an actual ending ．C．It is an expensive online game ．D．It is something like a racing game ．（3）A．Players have opportunities to make new friends ．B．Players can have face﹣to﹣face communication ．C．Players may be rewarded with delicious food ．D．Players can start the game at any time they want．（4）A．Add variety to the recommended game ．B．Look around to find a cheaper online game ．C．Persuade the woman to change her mind．D．Try to find an extraordinary online game ．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections ：After reading the passage below，fill inthe blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with agiven word，fill in each with the proper form of the given word ；for the other blanks，useone word that best fits each blank.14．（15 分）A newly discovered tea plant is caffeine ﹣freeThe world loves tea and some 3m tons of tea are consumed every year ．Tea can be good for health，as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol （胆固醇）and reduce the risk of heart disease．But there is a downside ．Tea contains caffeine which ，（1）although it improves mental alertness ，can also cause anxiety，insomnia and other problems ．（2）What would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but with little or （3）none of the caffeine has been found．Liang Chen and Ji ﹣Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have discovered just such a plant （4）growing （grow）wild in a remote area in Fujian。
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--六选四--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)
Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Self-Care Strategies for College StudentsMost college students don’t put self-care at the top of their to do lists. When you’re caught up in the whirlwind (旋风) of classes, extra-curricular, work, friendship, and final exams, it’s easy to ignore a task that doesn’t come with a deadline (even if that task is simply “taking care of yourself”). Embrace the excitement and intensity of college life, but remember that maintaining your physical, mental, and emotional health is essential to your success and well-being. (67) ________ Instead, take time out to take care of yourself with some of these self-care strategies.Get Away for Some Alone Time. If you live with roommates, privacy can be hard to come by, so make it your mission to find a peaceful place on campus to call your own. (68) _________ Take a Mindful Walk Around Campus. When you’re strolling to class, try this mindfulness exercise to center yourself and destress. (69) ________ Feel free to people-watch, but pay attention to sensory details too, like the smell of a nearby barbecue or the sensation of pavement under your shoes. Take note of at least five beautiful or intriguing things you notice along your route. You might find yourself feeling a little calmer by the time you reach your destination.Stage a Sleep Intervention. How much sleep do you really get each night? (70) ________By doing that, you’ll begin the process of repaying your sleep debt and establishing healthy new sleep habits. Don’t buy into the myth that the less you’re sleeping, the harder you’re working. Your mind and body need consistent sleep to operate at optimum levels –you simply can’t do your best work without it.Download a New Podcast. Take a break from the books, grab your headphones, and listen to some immersive mysteries, compelling interviews, or laugh-out-loud comedy. There are thousands of podcasts covering almost every subject imaginable, so you’re sure to find something that interests you.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Nowhere To Hide: What Machines Can Tell From Your Face The human face is a remarkable piece of work. (67)________. So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to hide their feelings, intentions or nature.(68)_________. In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem enhancive. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities. (69)________. Although faces are peculiar to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, store and analyse images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast scale promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.(70)________. Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone’s face. Relationships might become more reasonable, but also transactional.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.We need to do more to help the teachers who are exhausted and stressed Teaching should not be one of the most stressful jobs in the US. But it is. “The only other profession that comes close to us for stress is nursing---and we still have the numbers... by a lot.(67)_________”“Nobody realizes how horrific working conditions are for teachers throughout the country,”Brice-Hyde said, an experienced teacher in New York who is part of the national group Badass Teachers Association (BAT).(68)_________ So they did a national study of teacher working conditions around issues like stress, work-life balance, respect, and more. The results are both surprising—and not. If you’ve been seeing the stories about teacher walkouts and pay inequality, you probably aren’t all that shocked to see these things like: 61 percent of educators find work “always” or “often” stressful;27 percent of educators said they’ve been threatened, bullied; 86 percent of educators feel disrespected by US Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos.Teachers are stressed out, and turnover is high. No wonder we’re seeing more stories about the importance of self-care, classroom burnout, and mental health days for teachers. Yet, self-care doesn’t seem to come easily for p eople, and this is definitely true for teachers. (69)________ We think it’s time to change that, though. So in honor of World Mental Health Day, We are working to change the dialogue about teacher mental health. Below are some of the top challenges people give for not seeking therapy, or even basic self-care, along with possible solutions and workarounds for each one.We hope you share this article widely, giving support and love to your fellow educators.(70)_________ And it’s pretty much guaranteed to help you do what you set out to in the first place—be a good teacher.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Why I stopped worrying about my credit score?If you believed everything you read about your credit score, you'd think it was the most important component of your financial health. Without a good credit score and history, the experts say, it's more difficult qualify for a mortgage(按揭)or a car loan-and more expensive if you're approved for a loan, too, because you won't get the best interest rates. In many states, bad credit can even raise your insurance payments, cost you a rental apartment, or make it harder to get hired.(67)________First off, there are several credit scores out there. While it's important to cultivate your credit scores by using credit responsibly, your FICO credit score may not be the same as what VantageScore reports, and lenders may use a different one entirely, so focusing on one score can be a fruitless exercise. More important as financial reporter Dave Ramsey notes on his blog, your credit score is not a measure of your overall financial health. He writes: “(68)________”FICO, the most popular credit-scoring agency, users several weighted factors to determine your credit score, including payment history (35 percent), amounts owed (30 percent), length of credit history (15 percent), new credit (10 percent), and credit mix (10 percent). (69)________ My husband and I enjoyed steady credit scores above 820 for a while. But when we paid off one of our rental properties in 2017, we both saw our credit scores fall by 20 or more points. The sudden drop took place because we completed a 15-year loan and reduced the average length of our credit history tremendously. (70)________ That’s b lackmail. I would rather be debt-free than have a perfect credit score.Your credit score is certainly important when you’re starting out and likely to borrow money for a down payment (首付) on a home or some other big purchase. But once you’re fairly establ ished financially, it’s much easier to see it for what it really is: a measure of how well you borrow money.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The art of academic writing is not easy to master. (67) ________ Academic writing is the skilful exposition and explanation of an argument, which the writer has carefully researched and developed over a sustained period of time. (68) _________ But the joy of reading and sharing with others, one’s succinctl y composed piece of argument, is incomparable.Before beginning to write, the writer must ask himself a few questions – Why am I writing? What is it that I intend to share with others? What purpose will my writing serve? Have I read enough about the topic or theme about which I am going to write? (69) ________ Because academic writing is a serious activity – it makes one part of a shared community of readers and writers who wish to disseminate and learn from well-argued pieces of writing.The structure of an argumentative essay should take the form of – Introduction (which should be around ten percent of the entire essay), Body (it should constitute eighty percent of the piece) and the Conclusion (again, ten per cent of the essay). (70) _________ The body should include cogent and coherently linked paragraphs and the conclusion should re-state the argument and offer a substantial ending to the piece.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Life is not easy when you are looking for something worthwhile and ready to learn from the best experiences. (67)_________ Here are some life lessons which people will learn the hard way in majority of cases.(68)________ However, people usually get discouraged when it takes more time than they thought it would. At this time, people refer only to people who have already achieved what you want to do. Look at other unsuccessful person and you’ll notice one thing common in all of them. They took time to learn and mastered their craft like no one else. There is no elevator to success; you have to take the stairs.Be brave to take the road less traveled. In our whole life, we always want to follow the same path that everyone suggests, do the same thing everyone does, take the same career path everyone takes, wear the same clothes everyone wears, and hang out with the same people we work with. Why? Because we are scared to fail. But when you get bored of life, you realize that you are not meant to do what everyone does and that your destiny is different than anyone else’s out there in the world. (69)_________.You don’t have to live your lif e in a way society wants you to. (70)________ Parents sometimes force their children to select a career they don’t want because other children haveselected that career. Worst of all, people follow them without even asking. There is no harm in believing in old beliefs but when you pursue them before your interest, sooner or later you’ll realize that you should first do what you think is right.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. (67)________ Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It's important for inner peace.(68)________ If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff”.Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice.(69)________ They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience.Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you'll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it's only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone-five minutes of successful patience-you’ll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person.Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn’t “life or death”but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with.(70)________.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Unit the 1980s, scientists were trained to ignore animal pain, according to the belief that the ability to feel pain was associated only with higher consciousness. However, today, scientists view humans as a species of animals, and largely accept that many species are capable of some level of self-awareness. People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion.If you slap(掌击) another person in the face, you can estimate their pain level of self-awareness. People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion.If you slap(击掌) another person in the face, you can estimate their pain level by what they do or say in response, (67)________ Gradually, scientists have developed a set of indicators of pain response in non-human animals. Demonstrating a response to a negative stimulation and displaying protective behavior of injured areas are two major signs.But huge disagreement exists. For example, scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters （龙虾）feel pain. Some researchers argue lobsters are two dissimilar to vertebrates（脊椎动物）to feel pain. Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the standards for a pain response. Lobsters guard their injuries, and learn to avoid dangerous situations. (68)________ In result, today most scientists agree that injuring a lobster causes physical pain.Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain, it is now illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice in some countries. Currently, boiling lobsters alive is illegal in Switzerland and New Zealand. Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal, many restaurants prefer more humane methods. (69)_________ To satisfy picky diners, more restaurants rule out the cruel cooking methods. Stabbing a lobster in the head isn't a good option, as it neither kills the lobster nor makes it unconscious.Currently, the most humane tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device electrocutes( 点击) a lobster. (70)_________ The following process of cooking is sure to cause no pain. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from boiling water during which time pain lasts.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.C. This is when components are still unstable and tend towards what is called off-gassing.D. Just reading a list of the substances is scary enough, and the danger of exposure is scarier still.E. The source of the smell so many buyers find appealing is in the various substances used in car construction.F. Fortunately, high concentrations of these compounds gradually disappear just a few months after manufacture.Is New-car Smell Bad for Your Health?The smell of a new car can be appealing in showrooms, for which there’s a good reason. That new car smell comes from a mixture of chemicals, some of which can be highly poisonous.(67)_______ Many of these contain volatile (挥发性的) organic compounds (VOCs), some of which can be deadly in sufficient quantities. Others are just bad for you.“It’s a chemical cocktail made up of lots of poisonous substances,” said Jeff Gearhart, Research Director of the Ecology Center in the US state of Michigan. The Ecology Center has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years, and has noted some improvement. But Gearhart says there is still work to be done.“There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles,” he said. “Since these chemicals are not regulated, consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face.”(68)________ Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches, dizziness, etc., depending on the sensitivity of an individual.According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, continued exposure to some of these can lead to reproductive impacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system—or even cancer. (69)________The danger is the greatest when the car is new, and that new car smell is most noticeable.(70)________ It is the release of chemical vapours, which leads to the smell. Heat from a vehicle left in the sun can make matters worse, and speed up the chemical reaction. The danger is reduced over time, and experts say the worst is usually over within about six months.Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated (通风的), especially during the first six months of ownership. Park in the shade with the windows open when it’s safe to do so, or at least try to air it out before getting inside—especially on hot days.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Traffic Regulation and Accident PreventionWe live in a remarkable time, and many of the once fatal diseases can now be cured with modern medicine and surgery. It is almost certain that one day a cure will be found for the rest of the diseases. Expectations of life have greatly increased. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible killing of men, women and children on the roads. Man fights against the motor-car. It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. (67)_________Nothing can seriously increase your risk of potentially fatal car accidents other than speeding and failing to pay due attention to weather conditions. (68)________ There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. Usually quiet and pleasant people, when they are behind the steering wheel, will become unrecognizable. They are impolite, aggressive, self-willed like two-year-old, completely selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments, and jealousy seem to be caused by driving.(69)________ It’s all for his own convenience. Due to a serious tragedy, the city is almost uninhabitable and the huge parking lot makes the town ugly. The destruction of rural areas and the annual mass killings are just a statistic, easily forgotten. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are not strict and even the strictest are not strict enough.Traffic rules are for everyone to follow under any circumstances, and no one can make an exception unless you make a joke of your own life. Universally accepted standards can only have a significant beneficial on the incidence of accidents. Governments should develop safety codes for manufacturers. (70)_______ These measures may sound cruel. However, if these measures result in a reduction in the loss of life every year, they should certainly not be considered serious. After all, the world belongs to humans, not cars.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Shanghai Hengyuanxiang Drama Development Company and Netherlander Worldwide Entertainment signed a deal last November that would see Shimmer (《犹太人在上海》) become the first Chinese musical to have an open-ended run on Broadway in 2019. (67) Directed by Xu Jun, Shimmer is a musical in both English and Chinese. Shimmer, which tells a story about Jews who fled to Shanghai to escape Nazi persecution (迫害) during World War II, was first shown at the Shanghai Culture Square in 2015. (68) The musical’s scheduled open-ended run in 2019 will be one of the events to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. With this play being shown on Broadway, the ties between Chinese people and Americans will be firmly strengthened.And through this drama, the audience can feel the charm of Chinese culture.(69) To deal with the problem, many production companies in Shanghai have pointed out that they should keep striving for improvement by creating more Chinese musicals and by creating more audiences. Currently, those who watch Western musicals in China are limited to a small group — people who have received a university education or have had overseas working experiences, white-collar and even gold-collar workers. There are only a handful of people who understand foreign languages and you have to find a way to motivate the public and get them into the theater.(70) There has been a handful of successful musical stories in Shanghai. The Chinese editions of Broadway musicals Cats and Mamma Mia, both of which had hundreds of shows across China, are among the top box office hits.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Travel the World by BikeRachel Hugens met her husband, Patrick, while bicycle touring. The Hugenses, who live in Boise, when not on their bikes, recently went on their latest round-the-world adventure. Theyvisited 36 countries on a tour, touching Europe, Africa, Asia and South America.“Traveling by bike is the ultimate freedom,” Rachel said via email. “On a bike, you become part of the scenery. The landscape is not framed by a window. (67)________”A growing communityDennis Swift, secretary of the Southwest Idaho Mountain Biking Association, rode across the U.S last year–from Seattle to Salem, Massachusetts. Six people started the tour and three finished, riding 52 out of 56 days. They averaged about 60 miles per riding day.“We took quite a few pictures; we didn’t keep our head down the whole way,” Swift said. “We got to meet different people. It’s the people that are probably most important.” Swift also rode through the Basque Country with a group of Boise cyclists last year. He’s planning to participate in a Virginia bike tour this year.“When you get older, your health is the number one priority.” he said, “(68)________”Seeing the places in between“Traveling by bicycle forces you to visit the places in between that ma ny backpackers traveling by bus would pass by,” Patrick said. “(69)_______” The challenges, beyond the obvious mental and physical energy required, include navigating visa requirements, food choices, language barriers, poor riding surfaces and boxing bikes for air travel, Rachel said.Financial flexibility to travelThis is the third time that the couple has quit their jobs to tour. Rachel is a registered nurse; Patrick is an architect. Both regained their former jobs when they returned home in 2000 and 2007. They’re uncertain what will happen this time.They’ve given themselves financial flexibility by paying off their home, commuting to work by bike and avoiding some of the bills that are important parts for most (cell phones, cable TV). They travel with a $50 daily budget.“(70)________” Rachel said. “We’ve met some cyclists traveling long term on a $10 daily budget. They can travel as long as their money lasts, so they’re motivated to spend wisely.”Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in thebox. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Building a lasting social relationshipWe all know that friends are special people who we share our lives with, and who share their lives with us in return. But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy.According to research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, the key is to use "we-talk".Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues, the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5, 000 participants.(67)________.The word “we” moves people from an individual position into a partnership, which makes us more interdependent. “(68)________. Word use is a window into what people are thinking and feeling without asking them." Robbins told Science Daily.(69)________. The primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationship-centered behaviors and positive perceptions of the partner--especially important in times of stress and disagreement.Contrary to "we-talk", there is "I-talk", which refers to the frequent use of the first-person singular pronouns, such as "I", "me" and "mine", when writing or speaking. Earlier this year, researcher analyzed a set of data that came from 4,7000 people in Germany and the US.(70)_________. As you can see from the two studies, too much "I-talk" can make you feel depressed. But "we-talk" can encourage you to become more positive and create a chain effect of healthy interdependence with others.So next time you are talking to a friend, try using more "we-talk". You may find yourself feeling more positive--and the effect it will have on your friend will be positive as well.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Help Migrant WorkersThere is nothing like going home. More so if it is for the Spring Festival family reunion. For a migrant worker it perhaps means even more. To be able to set out on a homeward journey with money from a year’s toil in his pocket is the best thing he c an think of. (67)________. They had to press hard for their defaulted payments, the salaries that were failed to pay up.About 200 million migrant workers nationwide are something left behind by economic reforms and opening up due to their contributions in the past three decades. It is almost impossible。
2019-2020学年上海市杨浦实验学校高三英语一模试卷及参考答案
2019-2020学年上海市杨浦实验学校高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASome colleges have started offering their own gap year programs to support students who want to take a year off in a meaningful way. Below, we’ll look at four of these programs.American University Gap ProgramWhen to apply: By July 15 or November 15Is there funding available? No.In American University Gap Program, students spend three days per week with a government or business organization in the city. Students go on field trips, listen to guest speakers, take part in hands-on lessons and work on service projects as a group. Students who complete the program can earn seven credits.Duke University Gap Year ProgramWhen to apply: By early May of each yearIs there funding available? Yes, $5,000 to $15,000.Though Duke University has no course of study or experience for its gap year program, it encourages students to have an independent plan for their year off, particularly one that promotes personal growth. Independent experiences may include community service, personalized experiential learning opportunities and others.Florida State University Gap YearWhen to apply: By February 24Is there funding available? Yes, up to $5,000.Florida State University offers gap year funding to students wishing to work or volunteer before starting college. In order to get the momey, students must explain their plans for their gap year. The experience must last over one year.St Norbert College Bridge Year ExperienceWhen to apply: not specifiedIs there funding available? Not specified.Students taking part in the Bridge Year Experience can travel to locations such as New Mexico, Wisconsin and Guatemala during the fall term, where they learn about the local cultures, take courses and get serviceopportunities.1.What does Duke University advise students to do during their gap year?A.Focus on their personal growth.B.Be independent of their parents.C.Apply before the end of November.D.Contact some off-campus organization.2.How can students get gap year funding from Florida State University?A.By having extra credits.B.By organizing several projects.C.By showing their gap plans.D.By doing volunteer work.3.If you are interested in travelling, you can choose ________.A.Florida State University Gap YearB.American University Gap ProgramC.Duke University Gap Year ProgramD.St. Norbert College Bridge Year ExperienceBHoneybees can’t swim, and when their wings are wet, they can’t fly, either. But Chris Roh and other researchers at the California Institute of Technology found that when bees drop into bodies of water, they can use their wings toproduce little waves and slide toward land-like surfers who create and then ride their own waves.As with many scientific advances-IsaacNewton’s apple or Benjamin Franklin’s lightning bolt-Dr. Roh’s experiment began with a walk. Passing Caltech’s Millikan Pond in 2016, he observed a bee on the water’s surface producing waves. He wondered how an insect known for flight could push itself through water.Dr. Roh and his co-worker, Morteza Gharib, used butterfly nets to collect localPasadenahoneybees and observed their surf-like movements. The researchers used a wire to restrict each bee’s bodily movement, allowing close examination of their wings. They found that the bee bends its wings at a 30-degree angle, pulling up water and producing a forward force. Bees get trapped on the surface because water is roughly three times heavier than air. But that weight helps to push the bee forward when its wings move quickly up and down. It’s a tough exercise for the bees, which the researchers guess could handle about 10 minutes of the activity.The researchers said the surf-like movement hasn’t been documented in other insects and most semiaquatic insects use their legs forpropulsion, which is known as water-walking. It may have evolved in bees, they-predicted.Dr. Roh and Dr. Gharib have imagined many practical applications for bees’ surfing. One plan is to use their observations to design robots able to travel across sky and sea. “This could be useful for search and rescues, or for getting samples of the surface of the ocean, if you can’t send a boat or helicopter,” Dr. Gharib said.4. What does the author intend to show by mentioningNewtonandFranklin?A. Roh’s admiration for them.B. Roh’s chance discovery about bees.C. Their outstanding talent for science.D. Their similar achievements in discovery.5. What plays the most vital role in a bee’s moving forward on water?A. The air weight.B. Its leg extension.C. The water movement.D. Its continuous wingbeat.6. What does the underlined word “propulsion” in Paragraph 4 mean?A. Fast flightB. Driving force.C. Pulling speed.D. Explosive power.7. What does the text mainly tell us?A. Honeybees can surf to safety.B. Bees help scientists make inventions.C. Insects can adapt to the environment.D. Nature is a helpful guide for discovery.CWhen Alex Linwas 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper, which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丢弃) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies and people.Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WIN-the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before.But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose(处置) of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a Survey and found only one in eight know what e-waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it.Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 9, 500 kilograms of e-waste. The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they’d learned that reusing is the best way to deal with electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began learning to retrofit (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn’t have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time.For a lasting solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn’t enough. Lawswould have to be passed. In 2016,WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e-waste. Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s harmful garbage.”8. What was Alex’s worry after he read the article?A. The littering of e-waste.B. The recycling of plastic.C. The change of environment.D. At 11 p.m. on Monday.9. What did Alex do to start the project?A. Set up WIN.B. Collect information.C. Ask friends for help.D. The overuse of old computer.10. Which can best describe the way Alex and his team did their work?A. Traditional.B. Competitive.C. Scientific.D. Convenient.11. What message does the story convey?A. There is no end to perfection.B. success comes through failure.C. Every positive attitude has a reward.D. young people can make a big difference.DIt was New Year time, but I wasn’tlooking forward to it. That winter, my mother and my stepfather moved our family toSouthern California. My brother and I were leaving our ruralAlabamabehind. This would be our first New Year away fromAlabama. My mother took toCalifornialike a swan to a royal lake. My athletic little brother, Paul, was keyed up at a climate that allowed him to go to the beach whenever he wanted.I, however, was a fat child with heavy southern pronunciation. My first day in the new class, I introduced myself in a low voice. The moment I opened my mouth to speak, the whole class burst into laughter, “He talks funny.” It was so frustrating that I went to place a call to Granny Smith after school, who was my biggest support, But I didn’t get through.On Sunday evening, the phone rang. It was Granny. She often took advantage of the discounted long-distance rates on Sundays. She said she’d shipped a New Year package. Sure enough, it arrived. Surprised at the box, large enough to hold a small refrigerator, we eagerly tore it open. The smell of Granny’s house filled the room: a combination of fried meat, sausages, furniture polish and decorations. Her house was tiny and always filled withtackyholiday decorations and homemade food before New Year. But in my childhood eyes, it was precious and fantastic.There were countless tins and containers. We open hem to discover piles of holiday treats. She even included our traditional candy bats. The box was as bottomless as a magical box. There, beneath all these, was familiar holiday.Every New Year that we spent inCalifornia, the postal service would call and say our package was arrived. Over the years, many treasures arrived in the box. For me, it’s always been the best part of the holiday.12. How did the author’s brother feel when they were moving toCalifornia?A. Indifferent.B. Joyful.C. Appreciative.D. Disappointed.13. Why did the author’s classmates laugh at him?A. He spoke in a low voice.B. He made a humorous talk.C. He looked overweight.D. He had a strong accent.14. What does the underlined word “tacky” probably mean?A. Suitable.B. Expensive.C. Cheap.D. Attractive.15. Which of the following can be the best title of the text?A. Granny’s Care PackageB. An UnforgettableHolidayC. Our Move toCaliforniaD. A Telephone Call from Granny第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷I.ListeningComprehension1．（1.5分）A．Jobapplicants．B．Universitystudents．C．Newsreporters．D．Publicspeakers．2．（1.5B．﹩C．﹩D．﹩3．（1.5B．C．D．4．（1.5B．C．D．5．（1.5B．C．D．6．（1.5分）A．TheStudentUnion．B．TheTutoringServiceCenter．C．Herprofessor'soffice．D．Hertutor'shome．7．（1.5分）A．Thecoverageofnewspapers．B．Thenatureofhumans．C．Theincreaseofcrimerate．D．Theimpactofmassmedia．8．（1.5分）A．DoctorGreenisverybusyonMondays．B．DoctorGreenforgottoputthemanontheschedule．C．AnunexpectedpatientvisitedDoctorGreenlastMonday．D．PatientscanusuallyseeDoctorGreenonschedule．9．（1.5分）A．Sheisdisappointedwithhisdecision．B．Sheiscrazyaboutgoingcampinginthetropicaljungle．C．D．10．（1.5B．C．D．11．（4.5B．C．D．（2）B．C．D．（3）B．C．D．4days12．（4.5分）（1）A．Itbansthesalesofsaltyandunhealthyfood．B．Itsresidentslosealtogether100，000kgby2020．C．Everyoneweighshimselfongiantscalesinpublic．D．Localdoctorsmakepersonalizeddietsforeveryone（2）A．Localpeoplesharehealthydietwitheachother．B．Thousandsofresidentskickfootballtokeepslim．C．Localrestaurantsuseoliveoiltoreplacebutter．D．Governmentofficialspersevereinphysicalexercise．（3）A．StudentsareencouragedtowalkorridetoschoolB．Studentsareallowedtoridebicyclesinschoollibraries．C．Parentsareoffereddevicestomonitorchildren'swalkingtime．D．Fruitsareprovidedforthosewhoareaddictedtoonlinegames．13．（6B．C．D．（2）B．C．D．（3）B．C．D．（4）B．C．D．，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.14．（15分）Anewlydiscoveredteaplantiscaffeine﹣freeTheworldlovesteaandsome3mtonsofteaareconsumedeveryyear．Teacanbegoodforhealth，asitcontainscompoundsthathelptolowercholesterol（胆固醇）andreducetheriskofheartdisease．Butthereisadownside．Teacontainscaffeinewhich，（1）itimprovesmentalalertness，canalsocauseanxiety，insomniaandotherproblems．（2）wouldbeagreeableisthatateaplantthatprovidesallthetasteandgoodnessbutwithlittleor（3）ofthecaffeinehasbeenfound．LiangChenandJi﹣QiangJinoftheTeaResearchInstituteoftheChineseAcademyofAgriculturalScienceshavediscoveredjustsuchaplant（4）（grow）wildinaremoteareainFujianprovince，southernChina．（5）theyreportintheJournalofAgriculturalandFoodChemistry，notonlyistheteaplantnaturallycaffeine﹣．（6（7））﹣﹣report）：，15．），，．，，，000adultsfrom31countriesandregionswereaskedaboutthenumberofbookstherewereintheirhomeswhentheywere16years old．Thentheywere（3）inliteracy，numeracy（计算能力）andinformationcommunicationtechnology．Theresearchshowsthatthenumberofbooksforeachhousehold（4）greatlyfromcountrytocountry．（5），thenumberofbooksis27inTurkey，143intheUKand218inEstonia．But"thetotal（6）ofhomelibrarysizeonliteracyarelargeeverywhere"，accordingtoresearcherJoannSikornofAustralianNationalUniversityinapaperbasedonthestudy．Theresearcherfoundthatpeoplewhohadlowerlevelsofsecondaryeducationbuthadalargenumberofbooksathomegota（n）（7）scoreasuniversitygraduateswhogrewupwithonlyafewbooks．TheGuardiannewspapercommentedthat"bookishadolescencemakesforagooddealofeducationaladvantage．""Readingbooksinayoungagecan（8）shortcomingsnotonlyinadultliteracybutalsonumeracy；itsimpactsare（9）toadditionalyearsofeducation．"SikoratoldScienceAlert．Apartfromtheeducationalbenefits，growingupwithmorebooksalsoplaysanimportantroleinadultsuccess．"Early（10）tobooksintheparentalhomemattersbecausebooksareanessentialpartofroutinesandpracticesthat（11）．．Fornow，（14，（1）A（2）A（3）A（4）A（5）A（6）A（7）A（8）A（9）A（10）（11）（12）A．relevant B．crucial C．opposite D．compulsory（13）A．weaken B．highlight C．overestimate D．reflect（14）A．therefore B．however Cotherwise D．likewise（15）A．enjoy B．obtain C．maintain D．reduce SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.16．（8分）"Don'ttellanyone"．Wehearthesewordswhensomeonetellsasecrettous．Butitcanbehardtokeepasecret．We'reoftentem ptedto"spillthebeans"，evenifweregretitlater．AccordingtoAsimShah，professorintheMenningerDepartmentofPsychiatryandBehavioralSciencesatBaylorCollegeofMedicine，US，脱的）US，anxiety，？her．hah．people，，．（1）Theunderlinedphrase"spillthebean"isclosestinmeaningto．A．letoutasecretB．tellthetruthC．eatourwordsD．takegossip（2）Apersonwhoisentrustedwithasecret．A．isoftoftenobsessedwithacertainthreatB．oftenwouldrathernothavebeentoldaboutitC．usuallyhasastrongdesiretokeepituntildeathD．maysufferfromphysicalorpsychologicalproblems（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？A．Quietpeoplearemorelikelytokeepthesecretstothemselves．B．Sharingsecretshelpsestablishfriendshiporgetoverthesenseofguilt．C．D．（4）A．B．C．D．17．（？﹣，uffingsprouts．?1pmBastetheturkey，pourinthewhitewineandnestlecabbagewedgesaroundthebird．Returntotheoven．?1.10pmPreparetheseparateingredientsforthemackerelstarter．?1.25pmSmashtheroastiesandputthemintheoven．?1.30pmChecktheturkey﹣takeouttorestiftheinternaltemperaturehasreached65C．Returnthecabbagetotheoventofinishcooking．?1.35pmTosstheroastedrootsintheharissaglaze，thenputintheoven．?1.40pmMakethegravy，cookthesproutsandkeepwarm．?2pmSitdowntothestarter，witheverythingforyourlunchreadytogo．?Thedesserttakesjust10minutestoassemble，soyoucandoitonceyou'veenjoyedthemaincourse．BuyyouringredientsWe'vepre﹣loadedyourshoppinglistsothatyoucanquicklybuyallyouringredientsforthismenuinonego．Justclickbelowtobetakentoyo，（1）A．B．C．D．（2）A．B．C．D．（3）？A．TheentireChristmasdinneriscomposedofaroastedturkeyanddessert．B．Theautomatically﹣generatedshoppinglistisjustforuser'sreference．C．Mostoftheingredientsontheshoppinglistcomefromthesamebrand．D．YoucanbuyallyouringredientsonlinethroughWhiskybyoneclick．18．（8分）You'rewalkingdownaquietstreetandsuddenlyyouhearsomefootsteps．Undoubtedly，itmeansthatthere'ssomeonearound．Buthaveyoueverwonderwhyitoccurstousthatit'ssomeoneelse'sfootsteps，notours？AccordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalNatureinSeptember，thisphenomenonarisesfromafunctioninourbraintoignorethenoisewemakeourselves．Inordertoexplorehowourbraindoesthis，agroupofscientistscarriedoutanexperimentwithmiceatDukeUniversity．Theresearchenteredonanintuition（直觉）﹣﹣﹣thatweareusuallyunawareofthesoundofourownfootsteps﹣﹣﹣asavehicleforunderstandinglargerneural（神经系统的）phenomena；howthisbehaviorrevealstheabilitytomonitor，recognize，andrememberthesoundofone'sownmovementsinrelationtothoseoftheirlargerenvironments．，，．﹣．），，，．﹣suchaswhenwepreparetostrikekeysonapiano﹣andwecomparethistowhatweactuallyhear，"explainsSchneider．"Weusemismatchesbetweenexpectationandexperiencetochangehowweplay﹣andwegetbetterovertimebecauseourbrainistryingtominimizetheseerrors．"（1）Whatcanbediscoveredaboutmiceintheexperiment？A．TheirbrainrespondsinactivelytothefamiliarsoundsB．Theyareabletodetectsoundsotheranimalsdon'tnotice．C．Theycannotidentifydifferentsoundsexcepttheirownfootsteps．D．Differentareasoftheirbrainareresponsiblefordifferentsounds．（2）What'sthefunctionofthesensoryfilter？A．Gettingusedtoabnormalorunfamiliarsounds．B．Ignoringthesoundsmadebyourcompanions．C．IdentifyingthesoundsfromalargerenvironmentD．Beingsensitivetothesoundsofourownmovement．（3）A．B．C．D．（4）A．B．C．D．：19．（8B，﹣D．Self﹣centeredpeoplearefoundtobeindifferenttomanythingsinsocietyandotherpeoplebecausealltheirconcentrationisonlyonthe mselvesandtheirneeds．E．Thisanalysisof"we﹣talk"suggestedthatthefrequentuseof"we"and"us"islinkedtohappierandhealthierrelationships．F．Theyfoundthattoomuch"I﹣talk"wasanaccuratelinguisticmarkerforthelikelihoodthatsomeoneisfeelingstressedorexperiencingnegativeemotions．BuildingalastingsocialrelationshipWeallknowthatfriendsarespecialpeoplewhoweshareourliveswith，andwhosharetheirliveswithusinreturn．Butseekingfriendsandkeepingthefriendshipgoingarenevereasy．AccordingtoresearchrecentlypublishedintheJournalofSocialandPersonalRelationships，thekeyistouse"we﹣talk"．LedbyUniversityofCaliforniapsychologistMeganRobinsandhercolleagues，theresearchersreviewedandanalyzed30differentstudiesinvolvingover5，000participants．（1）．．"（2．（﹣．suchas"I"，，﹣﹣﹣﹣IV20（s）：，AccordingtoastudycarriedoutbyagroupofhealthpsychologistsatUtrechtUniversityintheNetherlandsin2014，bedtimeprocrastinationisacommonproblem．Intheirstudy，53percentofthe2，400participantssaidtheydidn'tfollowtheirsleepschedule，delayingitatleasttwiceaweek．It'sfoundthattheydelayedbedtimenotbecausetheylikedtostayuplate，buttheycouldn'tstopdoingotherunimportantthings，whichwerekeepingthemupinthefirstplace．"Peoplewhogenerallyhavetroubleresistingtemptationsandstickingtotheirintentionsaremorelikelytodelaygoingtobed．"FloorKroese，apsychologistatUtrechtUniversity，furtherexplainedtoHuffPost．Yet，accordingtoscientists，lackofself﹣controlisnottheonlythingtoblame．Ourbodyclockalsoplaysanimportantrolewhenitcomestobedtime．Inordertocheckth einfluenceofthebodyclockonsleep，psychologistsatUlmUniversityinGermanystudiedthesleeppatternsof108peopleinFebruary．Itwasfoundthatthosewhog etuplatearemorelikelytopostponetheirbedtimethanthosewhowakeearlyeverymorning．"Theintentiontogotobedearlierisnotenough，"JaneKuhnel，apsychologistatUlmUniversity，，V21．（522．（5）23．（524．（525．（20．1．（1.5B．Universitystudents．C．Newsreporters．D．Publicspeakers．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略2．（1.5分）A．﹩36．B．﹩60．C．﹩24．D．﹩30【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略3．（1.5B．C．D．4．（1.5B．C．D．5．（1.5分）A．Studentandteacher．B．Guestandreceptionist．C．Customerandshopassistant．D．Daughterandfather．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略6．（1.5分）A．TheStudentUnion．B．TheTutoringServiceCenter．C．Herprofessor'soffice．D．Hertutor'shome．【考点】15：短对话理解．7．（1.5B．C．D．8．（1.5B．C．D．【解答】略【点评】略9．（1.5分）A．Sheisdisappointedwithhisdecision．B．Sheiscrazyaboutgoingcampinginthetropicaljungle．C．ShetriestopersuadethemannottogowithJerry．D．Shesuggeststhemanreconsiderhisplan．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略10．（1.5分）A．Becausehefavorsgoodsinphysicalstores．B．Becauseheenjoystheofflineshoppingexperience．C．Becausehedoesn'thavemuchmoney．D．11．（4.5B．C．D．（2）B．C．D．（3）B．C．D．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略12．（4.5分）（1）A．Itbansthesalesofsaltyandunhealthyfood．B．Itsresidentslosealtogether100，000kgby2020．C．Everyoneweighshimselfongiantscalesinpublic．D．Localdoctorsmakepersonalizeddietsforeveryone（2）A．Localpeoplesharehealthydietwitheachother．B．Thousandsofresidentskickfootballtokeepslim．C．Localrestaurantsuseoliveoiltoreplacebutter．D．Governmentofficialspersevereinphysicalexercise．（3）A．Studentsareencouragedtowalkorridetoschool B．C．D．13．（6B．C．D．（2）B．C．D．（3）B．C．Playersmayberewardedwithdeliciousfood．D．Playerscanstartthegameatanytimetheywant．（4）A．Addvarietytotherecommendedgame．B．Lookaroundtofindacheaperonlinegame．C．Persuadethewomantochangehermind．D．Trytofindanextraordinaryonlinegame．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.14tobebred（forcommercialuse．Apairofnaturallycaffeine﹣freecoffeeplantswerediscoveredin2003，butlittleprogress（10）hasbeenreported（report）TeaenthusiastswillbewatchingHongyachawithinterest．Andotherswillwonderwhatelseisoutthere．【考点】N6：语法填空．【分析】文章讲述了一种不含咖啡因的新茶叶被发现．【解答】1．although．考查连词，although引导让步状语从句，虽然提高了精神警觉，故填although．2．What，考查连词，该句是what引导的主语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填what．3．none．考查代词，没有一种咖啡因被发现，表示没有任何一种，故填none．4．growing．考查非谓语，grow与plant之间是动宾关系，故填growing作后置定语，故填growing．5．As．考查连词，as引导定语从句，翻译成"正如，正像"，故填as．6．Known．考查非谓语，beknownas：被称为，作为..被熟知，这里是过去分词做状语，故填known．7．above．考查介词，海平线1000米以上，故填above．8．areexploring．考查时态，根据now可知使用现在进行时，主语是复数，故填areexploring．9．10．故填：，15．），，．，，，old．．）D greatlyfromcountrytocountry）C，thenumberofbooksis27inTurkey，143intheUKand218inEstonia．But"thetotal（6）A ofhomelibrarysizeonliteracyarelargeeverywhere"，accordingtoresearcherJoannSikornofAustralianNationalUniversityinapaperbasedonthestudy．Theresearcherfoundthatpeoplewhohadlowerlevelsofsecondaryeducationbuthadalargenumberofbooksathomegota（n）（7）D scoreasuniversitygraduateswhogrewupwithonlyafewbooks．TheGuardiannewspapercommentedthat"bookishadolescencemakesforagooddealofeducationaladvantage．""Readingbooksinayoungagecan（8）A shortcomingsnotonlyinadultliteracybutalsonumeracy；itsimpactsare（9）C toadditionalyearsofeducation．"SikoratoldScienceAlert．Apartfromtheeducationalbenefits，growingupwithmorebooksalsoplaysanimportantroleinadultsuccess．"Early（10）D tobooksintheparentalhomemattersbecausebooksareanessentialpartofroutinesandpracticesthat（11）C lifelongcognitive（认知的）abilities"，SikoratoldScienceAlert．Theseabilitiesare（12）B tofuturedevelopment．Withoutdoubt，thefactthatwearemovingtowardadigitaleracould（13）A theimportanceofprintedbooks．Fornow，（14）B，"theystillseemto（15）C quitealargepositivebenefit，whichshowsnosignofdecreasing"，（1）A（2）A（3）A（4）A（5）A（6）A（7）A（8）A（9）A（10）（11）（12）（13）（14）（15）A．enjoy B．obtain C．maintain D．reduce【考点】M6：人生感悟类阅读．【分析】短文主要通过研究表明书对人们的文化程度、计算机能力和认知能力等都有积极的影响．【解答】1﹣15ABCDCADACDCBABC1．A．副词的辨析，simply简单地，definitely绝对地，generally一般而言，randomly随意地，Mann只是指出书的重要性而已，故答案为A．2．B．名词的辨析，backgrounds背景，advantages优点，requirements要求，development发展，研究表明成长中有更多书的人更有可能有教育上的优势，故答案为B．3．C．动词的辨析，estimated估计，examined检测，tested试验，investigated调查，接着这些人被测试他们的文化和计算机能力等，故答案为C．4．D．动词的辨析，changes改变，alters改变，shifts改变，varies各异，研究表明家庭里的藏书不同国家间各异，故答案为D．5．C．短语的辨析，Bycomparison相比之下，Asaresult结果，Forinstance例如，Intotal总共，一下列举了不6．A7．D8．A9．C10．D11．C12．B13．A14．B．副词的辨析，therefore所以，however然而，otherwise不然的话，likewise同样地，前后句子构成转折的关系，故答案为B．15．C．动词的辨析，enjoy享受，obtain获得，maintain保持，reduce减少，直到现在，书似乎还是对人有积极的作用，故答案为C．【点评】在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配．SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemt herearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.16．（8分）"Don'ttellanyone"．Wehearthesewordswhensomeonetellsasecrettous．Butitcanbehardtokeepasecret．We'reoftentem，US，脱的）US，anxiety，？her．hah．，，you'dbetterputyourselfintheirposition．Thinkabouthowyouwouldfeeltobetoldthatyoumustn'tgivetheinformationaway ．Shahalsorecommendedthatifyouaccidentallygiveupsomeone'ssecretyoushouldcomecleanaboutit．Letthepersonkno wthattheirsecretisn'tsosecretanymore．（1）Theunderlinedphrase"spillthebean"isclosestinmeaningto A．A．letoutasecretB．tellthetruthC．eatourwordsD．takegossip（2）Apersonwhoisentrustedwithasecret D．A．isoftoftenobsessedwithacertainthreatB．oftenwouldrathernothavebeentoldaboutitC．usuallyhasastrongdesiretokeepituntildeathD．maysufferfromphysicalorpsychologicalproblems（3）A．B．C．D．（4）A．B．C．D．【容，故选A．2．D．细节题．根据文章第三段内容，Peopleentrustedwithsecretscansufferfromdepression，anxiety，andbodyaches．知道他人秘密、替他人保守秘密的人会患上抑郁症、焦虑症和身体疼痛．．结合选项，故选D．3．D．推理题．根据文章最后一段内容，Shahsaidthattojudgewhethertotellsomeoneasecret，you'dbetterputyourselfintheirposition．Thinkabouthowyouwouldfeeltobetoldthatyoumustn'tgivetheinformationaway ．由此可知，沙阿Shah说，要判断是否要告诉别人一个秘密，你最好把自己放在他们的位置上．想想当别人告诉你不要泄露这些信息时你会有什么感觉，要从自己的感受中体会到保守一个秘密的难度，结合选项，故选D．4．D．主旨题．根据文章内容，主要讲述了每个人都有秘密，每个人都会替别人保守秘密，可是心中的秘密过多是对身体不好的，会造成压力．同时秘密也不可能被永远保守，只要是发生了的事情总是会被他人知道的．结合选项，故选D．【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．17．（？﹣，?1.40pmMakethegravy，cookthesproutsandkeepwarm．?2pmSitdowntothestarter，witheverythingforyourlunchreadytogo．?Thedesserttakesjust10minutestoassemble，soyoucandoitonceyou'veenjoyedthemaincourse．BuyyouringredientsWe'vepre﹣loadedyourshoppinglistsothatyoucanquicklybuyallyouringredientsforthismenuinonego．Justclickbelowtobetakentoyourshoppinglist，whereyoucanbuyallyouringredientsfromyourpreferredsupermarket，andremoveanyingredientsasneeded，andevenprintthelist，tousedirectwhenshopping．（Serves6）AddtoshoppingList TheaboveshoppinglistispoweredbyWhisk．Pleasecheckyourlistthoroughlybeforepurchasing．Ifthesameitemsappeara crossdifferentrecipestheywillnotautomaticallycombineinyourlistandyou'llneedtodothismanually．Pleasealsocheckthe productsthathavebeenselectedviatheWhiskprogram，asyoumaypreferadifferentbrandfromthatlisted．（1）WhichsectionCAN'Twefindonthewebsite？DA．B．C．D．（2）A．B．C．D．（3）A．B．C．D．【解答】1．D．推理判断题．根据文章倒数第二段We'vepre﹣loadedyourshoppinglistsothatyoucanquicklybuyallyouringredientsforthismenuinonego．可知，该网站是购买食材的，故我们在网站上找不到财富管理部分．故选D．2．C．细节理解题．根据1pmBastetheturkey，pourinthewhitewineandnestlecabbagewedgesaroundthebird．以及1.30pmChecktheturkey﹣takeouttorestiftheinternaltemperaturehasreached65C可知，烤火鸡需要1.5小时．故选C．3．B．细节理解题．根据倒数第二段Justclickbelowtobetakentoyourshoppinglist，whereyoucanbuyallyouringredientsfromyourpreferredsupermarket，andremoveanyingredientsasneeded，andevenprintthelist，tousedirectwhenshopping．可知，自动生成的购物清单仅供用户参考．故选B．【点评】考查细节理解题和推理判断题．在做细节理解题时，首先根据题目要求迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语．认真比较选项和文中细节的区别，在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．18．（8分）You'rewalkingdownaquietstreetandsuddenlyyouhearsomefootsteps．Undoubtedly，itmeansthatthere'ssomeonearound．Buthaveyoueverwonderwhyitoccurstousthatit'ssomeoneelse'sfootsteps，notours？，，﹣﹣（神经系统，，，．﹣．），，theirauditorycortexbecameactiveagain．Thissuggeststhatthe"sensoryfilter"inamouse'sbraincouldhelpitdetectnewsoun dsorabnormalnoiseintheenvironmenteasilyaftertuningoutfamiliarsounds．"Formice，thisisreallyimportant，"saidSchneider．"Theyarepreyanimals，sotheyreallyneedtobeabletolistenforacatcreepinguponthem，evenwhenthey'rewalkingandmakingnoise．Beingabletoignorethesoundsofone'sownmovementsislikelyimportantforhumansaswell．Buttheabilitytopredictthesou ndsofourownactionsisalsoimportantformorecomplexhumanbehaviorssuchasspeakingorplayinganinstrument．"Whenwelearntospeakortoplaymusic，wepredictwhatsoundswearegoingtohear﹣suchaswhenwepreparetostrikekeysonapiano﹣andwecomparethistowhatweactuallyhear，"explainsSchneider．"Weusemismatchesbetweenexpectationandexperiencetochangehowweplay﹣andwegetbetterovertimebecauseourbrainistryingtominimizetheseerrors．"（1）Whatcanbediscoveredaboutmiceintheexperiment？A A．TheirbrainrespondsinactivelytothefamiliarsoundsB．Theyareabletodetectsoundsotheranimalsdon'tnotice．C．D．（2）A．B．C．D．（3）A．B．C．D．（4）A．B．C．D．【考点】OB：人生感悟类阅读．【分析】本文主要研究了人类忽视熟悉的噪音的能力，能够忽略自己动作的声音对人类来说很重要．【解答】1．A．细节理解题．根据倒数第四段的句子：Thissuggeststhatthe"sensoryfilter"inamouse'sbraincouldhelpitdetectnewsoundsorabnormalnoiseintheenvironmenteasil yaftertuningoutfamiliarsounds．这表明老鼠大脑中的"感觉过滤器"可以帮助它在排除熟悉的声音后，很容易地检测到新的声音或环境中的异常噪音．所以A选项他们的大脑对熟悉的声音反应迟钝．是实验的结果，故选A．2．C．推理判断题．根据倒数第五段的句子：It'salmostliketheywerewearingspecialheadphonesthatcouldfilter（过滤）outthesoundoftheirownmovements这就像他们戴着特殊的耳机，可以过滤掉自己运动的声音．可见这种过滤器可以识别大环境中的声音，所以选C．3．D．推理判断题．根据倒数第二段句子；Beingabletoignorethesoundsofone'sownmovementsislikelyimportantforhumansaswell．Buttheabilitytopredictthesou ndsofourownactionsisalsoimportant．能够忽略自己动作的声音对人类来说也很重要．但是预测自己动作声音的4．子：，，notours？考：19．（8B，﹣talk"ishelpfulforresolvingconflicts．D．Self﹣centeredpeoplearefoundtobeindifferenttomanythingsinsocietyandotherpeoplebecausealltheirconcentrationisonlyonthe mselvesandtheirneeds．E．Thisanalysisof"we﹣talk"suggestedthatthefrequentuseof"we"and"us"islinkedtohappierandhealthierrelationships．F．Theyfoundthattoomuch"I﹣talk"wasanaccuratelinguisticmarkerforthelikelihoodthatsomeoneisfeelingstressedorexperiencingnegativeemotions．Buildingalastingsocialrelationship Weallknowthatfriendsarespecialpeoplewhoweshareourliveswith，andwhosharetheirliveswithusinreturn．Butseekingfriendsandkeepingthefriendshipgoingarenevereasy．AccordingtoresearchrecentlypublishedintheJournalofSocialandPersonalRelationships，thekeyistouse"we﹣talk"．LedbyUniversityofCaliforniapsychologistMeganRobinsandhercolleagues，theresearchersreviewedandanalyzed30differentstudiesinvolvingover5，000participants．（1．"（2）A．．（﹣．suchas"I"，，﹣﹣﹣﹣，?罗宾斯和她的同事领导，研究人员对30项不同的研究进行了回顾和分析，涉及超过5项；可知交谈"表明，频繁使用"我们"和"我们"与更幸福、更健康的关系有关；故选E．2．A．推理判断题．根据前文Theword"we"movespeoplefromanindividualpositionintoapartnership，whichmakesusmoreinterdependent我们"这个词将人们从个人职位转移到合伙企业，罗宾斯告诉"科学日报"；可知代词有助于洞察人们是把自己看作是个人还是整体的一部分；故选A．3．C．推理判断题．根据后文Theprimarypointisthatinterdependencemaybringaboutsupportiveandrelationship﹣centeredbehaviorsandpositiveperceptionsofthepartner﹣﹣especiallyimportantintimesofstressanddisagreement最主要的一点是，相互依存可能会带来支持性、以关系为中心的行为以及对伴侣的积极看法﹣尤其重要的是在压力和分歧的时候．可知他们的研究还发现，"我们﹣交谈"有助于解决冲突；故选C．4．F．推理判断题．根据后文Asyoucanseefromthetwostudies，toomuch"I﹣talk"canmakeyoufeeldepressed从这两项研究可以看出，太多的"I﹣Talk"会让你感到沮丧，但是"我们交谈"会鼓励你变得更加积极，并创造出与他人健康相互依存的连锁效应．可知他们发现，过多的"I﹣Talk"是一个准确的语言标记，可以反映某人感到压力或经历负面情绪的可能性；故选FIV20．（（s）：，，，，．"Yet﹣controlisnottheonlythingtoblame．Ourbodyclockalsoplaysanimportantrolewhenitcomestobedtime．Inordertocheckth einfluenceofthebodyclockonsleep，psychologistsatUlmUniversityinGermanystudiedthesleeppatternsof108peopleinFebruary．Itwasfoundthatthosewhog etuplatearemorelikelytopostponetheirbedtimethanthosewhowakeearlyeverymorning．"Theintentiontogotobedearlierisnotenough，"JaneKuhnel，apsychologistatUlmUniversity，concludedinPopularScience．"Biologicalprocessesneedtosupportthisintention．"Peoplealwaysthinkthatbedtimeprocrastinationisn'tabigproblem，butasKroesetoldPopularScience，"thechoiceswemakethataffectoutsleepcouldturnouttobeprettyimportantforourhealth．"【考点】R5：读写任务作文．【分析】高分句型一：Psychologistsreachedtheconclusionbyfollowingparticipants'sleepscheduleandstudyingsleeppatterns．译文：心理学家通过跟踪参与者的睡眠时间表和研究睡眠模式得出结论．分析：这句话使用动名词．﹣，点写V21（right）【分析】无论幸福的定义如何变化，人们永远不会放弃追求幸福的权利．【解答】答案：Nomatterhowhappinesschangesindefinition，peoplewillnevergiveuptheirrighttopursuehappiness根据句意和所给部分可知这里使用nomatterhow引导让步状语从句，giveup放弃．【点评】对于汉译英，解题前应快速浏览句子掌握大意，在读懂句子的基础上，结合提供的特定的语言环境去分析．要解决好该题型，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目．22．（5分）在团队精神的鼓舞下，研究小组的每个成员都为新项目做出了自己的贡献．（contribution）Inspiredbytheteamspirit，everymemberoftheresearchgroupmadehiscontributionstothenewproject．【考点】Q2：汉译英．【分析】在团队精神的鼓舞下，研究小组的每个成员都为新项目做出了自己的贡献．【解答】答案：Inspiredbytheteamspirit，everymemberoftheresearchgroupmadehiscontributionstothenewproject．根据句意和所给部分可知这里使用过去分词作状语，makecontributionsto对…做出贡献．【点评】对于汉译英，解题前应快速浏览句子掌握大意，在读懂句子的基础上，结合提供的特定的语言环境2324的后果．【解答】答案：Usinggeneticeditingtechnologyonhumansisrisky．Notonlyisitagainstmedicalethics/morality，butalsoitcouldleadtounforeseenconsequences．根据句意和所给部分可知这里使用notonly…butalso…，notonly 后面的句子用倒装，butalso后面的不倒装．【点评】对于汉译英，解题前应快速浏览句子掌握大意，在读懂句子的基础上，结合提供的特定的语言环境去分析．要解决好该题型，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目．VI.GuidedWriting25．（20分）Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese．请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际谈谈你的看法．【考点】R3：图画类．【分析】高分句型一：Somepeoplethinksuccessissimpleanddirect，whileinfact，thewaytosuccessistwistanditneedshardwork．．【，，，，，，workers，，【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来．动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．。