Stereotype
刻板印象
自然因素 Sex及Gender并未有统一的中文释法.例如,社会学辞典中释 本把gender释作「性相」,以避免与一般人把sex解作「性别」 产生混淆.国内有性书本则本sex释作「性别」,gender释作 「社会性别」.个人认为把gender释作「性相」并不合宜,ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ 释作「社会性别」则略嫌累赘.因此,在本篇文章我会把释法 统一,sex会被释作「性」,而gender会被释作「性别」.
————男女有别
名词解释
• 性别刻板印象 跟据社会学辞典的解释,刻板印象(stereotype)是指「对 社会群体不准确和简单化的见解,致使旁人依此对其有固定 的看待.」按照这个定义,性别刻板印象(gender stereotype)则可以理解为对男性和女性的一些独有看法, 而这些看法却可能是错误而过於简单化的. 在这里我先解释性(sex)与性别(gender)的分别,以免在 往后的讨论产生混淆.性是指生理上的分别,一般可由性器 官与基因去决定你是属男属女.而性别则是由文化建构出来 的,男性和女性可以说成是两种角色,各自有一些特质和受 到社会不同的期望. 套用性和性别这个概念,性别刻板印象就可以被视为把 性和性别挂勾.作为男人(man),就需要具备男性化特质(例 如独立,理性,主动,有自信等.作为女人(woman),则需要拥 有依赖,感性,被动,柔弱这些女性特质
伪娘们的出现和粉丝们的疯狂，让人们看到了媒体媚俗化的无 限放大和行为艺术的被践踏。虽然，伪娘们拥有着庞大的粉丝群， 但他们中更多的来凑热闹，是“出来打酱油的”，他们无非是想 参与进来玩玩而已，并不会真的献身于这种所谓的艺术。
“哥”时代，让中性之风尚弥漫四野；“姐”，让人分不清男女之 别。这些，的确是时代发展到一个阶段所呈现的特殊现象，但绝不值 得人人推崇，更不值得人人效仿。尤其，在不少媒体一味追求眼球效 应和收视率的情况下，许多不明真相的观众都被“忽悠”成了推波助 澜的义工，他们跟着摇旗呐喊，他们不吝余力地赶着所谓的时尚向前 奔，却不能真正的冷静下来分析一下做这个究竟意义何在。这，是网 络多元化的结果，也是快餐时尚时代的悲哀。 “春哥”李宇春、“曾哥”曾轶可的出现，曾开创了一个全新的 审美时代——在这个不断涌现“哥”的时代，女性的审美标准跟以前 大不相同，“中性美”散发出独有魅力。伪娘的出现，将“哥”踩在 了脚下，开始颠覆男性审美观——他们留着长发、穿着短裙、踩着高 跟鞋，宛如“美少女”。 伪娘流行时。这种男性审美革命，究竟会走多远？伪娘，会成 为2010年最流行的时尚吗？我不知道。但我知道，历史证明：凡是靠 哗众取宠的行为艺术，都不会走很远。
心理学英语词汇大全揭秘心理学术语深入了解人类思维与行为
心理学英语词汇大全揭秘心理学术语深入了解人类思维与行为心理学英语词汇大全：揭秘心理学术语，深入了解人类思维与行为心理学作为一门研究人类思维与行为的学科，拥有大量的专属术语和词汇。
这些心理学术语不仅在学术研究中广泛使用，也在日常生活中经常被提及。
深入了解这些心理学英语词汇，可以帮助我们更好地理解自己和他人的心理状态，并推动人类思维与行为的研究和应用。
本文将为大家揭秘一些心理学术语，带您进入心理学的世界。
一、认知心理学（Cognitive Psychology）认知心理学研究的是关于人类思维、知觉、记忆、学习等认知过程的学科。
以下是一些与认知心理学相关的心理学英语词汇：1. Perception（知觉）：感知外界世界的过程，包括视觉、听觉、触觉等。
2. Attention（注意力）：集中思维和感知资源的过程。
3. Memory（记忆）：将信息保存在脑中，并在需要时进行检索和再认的能力。
4. Thinking（思维）：运用符号和概念进行推理和解决问题的过程。
5. Language（语言）：人类交流和表达思想的主要工具。
6. Intelligence（智力）：个体用于解决问题和适应环境的能力。
二、社会心理学（Social Psychology）社会心理学研究的是人类在社会环境中的思维、感知、行为等。
下面是一些与社会心理学相关的心理学英语词汇：1. Social interaction（社会互动）：人与人之间的交流和相互作用。
2. Attitude（态度）：个体对特定对象或问题的评价。
3. Stereotype（刻板印象）：对特定群体的固定而简化的看法。
4. Prejudice（偏见）：基于刻板印象而产生的对他人的不公平或负面评价。
5. Group dynamics（群体动力学）：研究群体中个体相互影响的过程。
6. Conformity（从众）：个体基于群体压力而改变自己的行为或观点。
三、发展心理学（Developmental Psychology）发展心理学研究的是人类在不同年龄阶段的身心变化和发展规律。
第8次午间英语角话题：Stereotypes
Stereotypes and the W ay W e Judge OthersStereotypes are generalizations and assumptions about groups, and the individual members of those groups. Stereotypes may seem positive or negative, they may even be accurate or inaccurate regarding average characteristics of a group, and may be used to justify certain discriminatory behaviors.A negative stereotype of of an African American (black) man would be that he has been involved in criminal activity or drug dealing in his life, and that he is possibly dangerous.To assume this about someone based on their skin color seems wrong doesn't it?Why do you do you think this kind of stereotype developed in America and has spread around the world?An example of a not negative stereotype of an African American male would be to assume that he likes and plays basketball and is good at sports. While this does not seem very negative, many black men would be annoyed if you expressed this stereotype to them.Why do you think an assumption about someone you might feel is not a negative would bother them if they knew you thought it?Would it bother you to know someone assumed something about you based on your ethnic background?Here is a list of some common W estern stereotypes about Chinese people.All Chinese people Learn Kung-Fu.All Chinese people are good at Math and Science.All Chinese students are very academic.All Chinese people are serious and don't know how to play and party.All Chinese people are short.All Chinese people are hard working.All Chinese people eat dogs (and therefore don't have dogs as pets).All Chinese people eat rice at every meal.As you can see you could label some of these stereotypes as “positive” and some as “negative,” yet did you feel any difference while reading them? Did they make you uncomfortable?Did you find yourself agreeing with any of them, or understanding where the idea came from? If so do you think you have stereotypes about your own people?Of course skin and hair color, eye shape and nationality are not the basis of all of our stereotypes. What about the ways we choose to look? What kinds of stereotypes do we have about the way people dress and groom themselves? Are those any different than racial stereotypes?Does it bother you if someone assumes something about you based on your personal style? Haircut? Quality of shoes? Don't we do this to each other every day?Have you stereotyped anyone recently? Think of some examples of assumptions you have had about other people based on the way they looked. Be ready to share them.。
stereotype短语搭配
主题：消除刻板印象，拓展语言表达1. 概述在日常交流中，我们经常会使用一些固定搭配的短语，这些短语往往带有一定的刻板印象，给人一种固定化的语言印象。
本文将探讨一些常见的刻板印象短语搭配，并提出消除刻板印象、拓展语言表达的建议。
2. 常见刻板印象短语搭配在日常生活中，我们可能会在交流中使用一些固定的短语，这些短语往往具有一定的刻板印象。
比如：- "女强人"：指事业有成、独立自主的女性。
- "吃软饭"：指依赖他人而不自食其力。
- "男子汉"：指勇敢、坚强的男性形象。
- "小女人"：指娇柔、依赖他人的女性形象。
3. 消除刻板印象的必要性这些固定搭配的短语往往给人带来了一定的思维定势，造成对个体的刻板印象。
消除这些刻板印象，不仅有助于拓展语言表达，还能帮助我们更客观地看待世界，更准确地理解他人。
4. 拓展语言表达的建议为了拓展语言表达，消除刻板印象，我们可以采取以下策略：- 多元化语言表达：在表达时尽量避免使用带有刻板印象的短语，选择更多元、更具体、更客观的词语来进行表达。
- 尊重个体差异：在交流中，尊重每个人的独特性，不以偏概全，不轻易使用带有刻板印象的短语来形容他人。
- 提倡包容性语言：在言辞上避免使用带有歧视性、污辱性的词语，勇于用温和、理性的语言与他人交流。
5. 结语消除刻板印象，拓展语言表达是我们日常交流中需要不断努力的方向。
每个人都有着自己独特的个体差异，我们应尊重并理解这些差异，用更多元、更客观的语言来进行表达，建立和谐、包容的交流环境。
6.语言对于个体认知和社会交往至关重要。
语言不仅是我们表达思想情感的工具，还承载着文化、价值观等多种信息。
然而，在使用语言的过程中，往往会出现刻板印象的现象，这种现象给人们的交流带来了不必要的困难和误解。
我们需要拓展语言表达，摒弃刻板印象，使语言更加丰富、灵活，使交流更加平等、尊重。
stereotype的危害英语作文
stereotype的危害英语作文Stereotypes are harmful because they oversimplify people and can lead to discrimination. When we make assumptions about a person based on their race, gender, or other characteristics, we are not seeing them as individuals. This can lead to unfair treatment and missed opportunities for those who do not fit the stereotype.Stereotypes can also limit people's potential. When we expect someone to act a certain way because of their race or gender, we may not give them the chance to show their true abilities. This can prevent individuals from reaching their full potential and contribute to a less diverse and inclusive society.In addition, stereotypes can perpetuate negative attitudes and beliefs about certain groups of people. This can lead to prejudice and even violence. When we label a group of people as "lazy" or "dangerous," we are dehumanizing them and making it easier to justify mistreatment.Overall, stereotypes are harmful because they prevent us from seeing people as individuals, limit potential, and perpetuate negative attitudes. It is important to challenge stereotypes and strive to see people for who they truly are.刻板印象是有害的，因为它们过分简化了人们，可能会导致歧视。
男女刻板印象
性别刻板印象的后果
认知错误
夸大男女之间的差异：性别极化（gender polarization）（人们倾向于将群体内部差异最小化， 而夸大群体间的差异） 选择性归因：在性别的基础上做出有偏见的判断：在 归因研究中，女性的成功被归因为努力，男性成功被 归因为能力 选择性记忆：选择性的记住与性别刻板印象一致的信 息
女学生
忠诚 独立 个体化 坚持己见 自给自足 理解他人 有进取心 自我依赖 对他人需要敏感 有同情心
男学生
忠诚 坚持己见 愿意独挡一面 理解他人
独立 有进取心 愿意冒险 自我依赖 自给自足 有领导能力
外显和内隐性别刻板印象
外显性别刻板印象（explicit gender stereotype）： 意识到自己被测试时表现的性别刻板印象（意识 层面）
性别刻板印象的相对恒定
虽然女性就业率提升（中国83%，2000），但职 业中的性别隔离仍然没有实质性的变化，女性仍 然很多从事服务类、辅助类、护理类工作；女性 所得的报酬却一直比相应的男性低。
不管女性是否就业，她们仍然在家庭承担护理的 责任，比男性更可能在护理职业中（护士、幼教） 被雇佣。尽管社会角色逐渐变化，女性仍然是主 要的养育者，男性是主要的供养者。
伊朗女性
阿富汗女性
沙特女性
神话中的性别偏见
希腊人往往把女人视为灾祸。在荷马史诗中，海伦私奔导致了长达十 年的特洛伊战争 。按照赫西俄德的神话故事，宙斯把女人潘多拉赐 给男人乃是为了惩罪和降灾。
爱非斯诗人希波纳克斯在一首诗里刻毒地写道：女人只能带给男人两 天快活，“第一天是娶她时，第二天是葬她时。 ”
大多数人认为，女性在数学和自然科学方面的 能力不及男性。这种想法不仅会使人们以不同 的方式看待和评价男性与女性，而且还会影响 他们在这些领域中的能力的发挥。父母更多地 向男孩解释科学知识，是女孩的3倍。
stereotype英语作文
stereotype英语作文Stereotypes are preconceived notions or beliefs that people hold about certain groups or individuals. These beliefs are often formed without any personal experience or interaction with the group in question, and they can lead to misunderstandings and discrimination.One common stereotype is the belief that all elderly peopleare slow and forgetful. This stereotype can lead to ageism, where older individuals are treated with disrespect or arenot given opportunities due to their age. However, many older people are active, sharp, and continue to contribute meaningfully to society.Another stereotype is the assumption that all teenagers are rebellious and irresponsible. While some teenagers mayexhibit these traits, it is unfair to generalize this to all individuals in this age group. Many teenagers are responsible, hardworking, and have a strong sense of morality.Stereotypes can also be based on race or ethnicity. For example, some people may assume that all Asians are good at math or that all African Americans are good at sports. These stereotypes can be harmful as they limit the potential of individuals and perpetuate racial biases.Gender stereotypes are also prevalent. For instance, thebelief that women are not as competent as men in leadershiproles or that men are not as nurturing as women. These stereotypes can hinder the progress of gender equality and limit the opportunities available to individuals based on their gender.It is important to challenge stereotypes and to recognizethat individuals are unique and cannot be defined by generalizations. By doing so, we can foster a more inclusive and understanding society. It is crucial to educate ourselves and others about the dangers of stereotyping and to promote open-mindedness and acceptance of diversity.。
stereotypes
other provinces misunderstand us.
02
The struggle among the cities in Jiangsu Province is very serious, but we will be
very unified in the face of other provinces
Stereotype mainly refers to people's general and fixed views on a certain thing or object, and generalizes this view, believing that the thing or the whole has this feature, while ignoring individual differences.
· Serious accent
The accent of Fujianese is the main object of ridicule by others. They often find it difficult to distinguish the difference between F and h. Holmes' translator turned the title of the book into the letter F because of his Fujian accent.
· Property and wealth
Other people often have the idea that local Charterers in Guangdong can achieve financial freedom through rent collection. In fact, this is only a few people can do it.
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梁：Good morning, everyone! Today, we are going to talk about STEREOTYPE!
黄：Stereotype means a fixed idea or image that many people have of a particular type of person or thing, but which is often not true in reality.（幻灯片有）
钟：Let’s begin our class with a sho rt play.
梁：What’s the matter with you, Star? Y ou look so unhappy!
黄：I broke up with my boyfriend yesterday!
钟：Why? Y ou are such a nice girl! I mean, you have your own thought. Y ou’re brave, independent, and you have all the good characteristics of a modern girl.
黄：Well. That’s the reason why he broke up with me. He thought that I should be as gentle as a la mb and support all his decision because I’m a chaoshan girl.
梁：OMG! It’s too bad. This is so-called STEREOTYPES. It has been 21 century now and modern girls change more, including girls in chaoshan. 钟：Here are some people’s narrow images about chaoshan people. Y ou may think that they always appear in groups and exclusive and quite believe in Buddhism.（幻灯片有）
梁：Y ou may think that they are aggressive and like to answer tiny
conflict with violence and a lot of them are dishonest in business. （幻灯片有）
黄：However, you may don’t know that they have awesome internal unity. Wherever you are, you may easily get help from a chaoshan friend. They believe in their ancestors. They have faith of god in their own mind. The chaoshan people pass this as a custom mostly to show their gratitude. What’s more, couples in chaoshan are the most honest to each other. People there are the record holder of the lowest divorce rate in china. And there are so many pretty and warm-hearted girls in chaoshan. （幻灯片有）
钟：As we all know, there are so many chaoshan students in our class. Please work in groups, discuss what stereotypes people have about chaoshan people and think about whether these stereotypes are true or not. Then, make up a conservation talking about it.（记住第一句就好，活动要求幻灯片有）
梁：Y ou have 7 minutes. Let us begin!
梁：Wow! Y ou guys have done a good job! Now we have a better understanding about stereotypes. Let’s move to the next part, talking about foreign images to Chinese. Before the activity, let’s see a short video clip.
黄：What do you feel after you see this video? People in foreign countries have different images about Chinese people. Now, let’s go on a brainstorming, talking about it.（记住第一句，后面部分幻灯片有）钟：Discuss with your partners on foreigners’ images about Chinese, and think about whether these images are true or not! Then tell us your opinion one by one! （幻灯片有）
钟：Well. Y es, we can not deny the fact that there are some foreign misunderstandings about China and Chinese, which are caused by overgeneralization（过分概括的陈述）.
梁：As far as we are concerned, to avoid these misunderstandings and stereotype opinion, maybe we should learn to think of things in a critical way!
黄：That’s all today! Thank you!。