专业外语与英文文献阅读试题(2013.6)
2013年6月英语六级快速阅读原文答案及点评
2013年6月英语六级快速阅读原文答案及点评2013年6月大学英语六级考试Part II Reading Comprehension快速阅读原文+答案+点评Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Welcome,Freshmen. Have an iPod.Taking a step that many professors may view as a bit counterproductive, some colleges and universities are doling out Apple iPhones and Internet-capable iPods to their students.The always-on Internet devices raise some novel possibilities, like tracking where students gather together. With far less controversy, colleges could send messages about canceled classes, delayed buses, campus crises or just the cafeteria menu.While schools emphasize its usefulness —online research in class and instant polling of students, for example —a big part of the attraction is, undoubtedly, that the iPhone is cool and a hit with students. Being equipped with one of the most recent cutting-edge IT products could just help a college or university foster a cutting-edge reputation.Apple stands to win as well, hooking more young consumers with decades of technology purchases ahead of them. The lone losers, some fear, could be professors.Students already have laptops and cell phones, of course, but the newest devices can take class distractions to a new level. They practically beg a user to ignore the long-suffering professor strug gling to pass on accumulated wisdom from the front of the room — a prospect that teachers find most irritating and students view as, well, inevitable.“When it gets a little boring, I might pull it out,”acknowledged Naomi Pugh, a first-year student at Freed-Hardeman University in Henderson, Term., referring to her new iPod Touch, which can connect to the Internet over a campus wireless network. She speculated that professors might try even harder to make classes interesting if they were to compete with the devices.Experts see a movement toward the use of mobile technology in education, though they say it is in its infancy as professors try to come up with useful applications. Providing powerful handheld devices is sure to fuel debates over the role of technology in higher education.“We think this is the way the future is going to work,”said Kyle Dickson, co-director of research and the mobile learning initiative at Abilene Christian University in Texas, which has bought more than 600 iPhones and 300 iPods for students entering this fall.Although plenty of students take their laptops to class, they don’t take them everywhere and would prefer something lighter. Abilene Christian settled on the devices after surveying students and finding that they did not like hauling around their laptops, but that most of them always carried a cell phone, Dr. Dickson said.It is not clear how many colleges and universities plan to give out iPhones and iPods this fall; officials at Apple were unwilling to talk about the subject and said that they would not leak any institution’s plans.“We can’t announce other people’s news,”said Greg Joswiak, vice president of iPod and iPhone marketing at Apple. He also said that he could not discuss discounts to universities for bulk purchases.At least four institutions —the University of Maryland, Oklahoma Christian University, Abilene Christian and Freed-Hardeman —have announced that they will give the devices to some or all of their students this fall.Other universities are exploring their options. Stanford University has hired a student-run company to design applications like a campus map and directory for the iPhone. It is considering whether to issue iPhones but not sure it, snecessary, noting that more than 700 iPhones were registered on the university’s network last year.At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, iPhones might already have been everywhere, ifAT&T, the wireless carrier offering the iPhone in the United States, had a more reliable network, said Andrew Yu, mobile devices platform project manager at M.I.T.“We would have probably gone ahead with this, maybe just getting a thousand iPhones and giving them out,”Mr. Yusaid.The University of Maryland at College Park is proceeding cautiously, giving the iPhone or iPod Touch to 150 students, said Jeffrey Huskamp, vice president and chief information officer at the university. “We don’t think that we have all the answers,”Mr. Huskamp said. By observing how students use the gadgets, he said, “We’re trying to get answers from the students.”At each college, the students who choose to get an iPhone must pay for mobile phone service. Those service contracts include unlimited data use. Both the iPhones and the iPod Touch devices can connect to the Internet through campus wireless networks. With the iPhone, those networks may provide faster connections and longer battery life than AT&T’s data network. Many cell phones allow users to surf the Web, but only some newer ones are capable of wireless connection to the local area computer network.University officials say that they have no plans to track their students (and Apple said it would not be possible unless students give their permission). They say that they are drawn to the prospect of learning applications outside the classroom, though such lesson plans have yet to surface.“My colleagues and I are studying something called augmented reality (a field of computer research dealing with the combination of real-world and virtual reality),”said Christopher Dede, professor in learning technologies at Harvard University. “Alien Contact,”for example, is an exercise developed for middle-school students who use hand-held devices that can determine their location. As they walk around a playground or other area, text, video or audio pops up at various points to help them try to figure out why aliens were in the schoolyard.“You can imagine similar kinds of interactive activities along historical lines,”like following the Freedom Trail in Boston, Professor Dede said. “It’s important that we do research, so that we know how well something like this works.”The rush to distribute the devices worries some professors, who say that students are less likely toparticipate in class if they are multi-tasking. “I’m not someone who’s anti-technology, but I,m always worried that technology becomes an end in and of itself, and it replaces teaching or it replaces analysis,,’said Ellen Millender, associate professor of classics at Reed College in Portland, Ore. (She added that she hoped to buy an iPhone for herself once prices fall.)Robert Summers, who has taught at Cornell Law School for about 40 years, announced this week —in a detailed, footnoted memorandum —that he would ban laptop computers from his class on contract law.“I would ban that too if I knew the students were using it in class,”Professor Summers said of the iPhone, after the device and its capabilities were explained to him. “What we want to encour age in these students is an active intellectual experience, in which they develop the wide range of complex reasoning abilities required of good lawyers.”The experience at Duke University may ease some concerns. A few years ago, Duke began giving iPods to students with the idea that they might use them to record lectures (these older models could not access the Internet).“We had assumed that the biggest focus of these devices would be consuming the content,”said Tracy Futhey, vice president for information technology and chief information officer at Duke.But that is not all that the students did. They began using the iPods to create their own “content,”making audio recordings of themselves and presenting them. The students turned what could have been a passive interaction into an active one, Ms. Futhey said.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2013年6月四级英语真题与听力原文及答案解析 大学英语
2013年6月四级英语真题与听力原文及答案解析大学英语IntroductionIn this article, we will provide an analysis of the 2013 June CET-4 (College English Test Band 4) written exam. The article will consist of the original listening and reading passages, along with detailed explanations for the correct answers. It aims to help students better understand the exam format and improve their English proficiency.Reading Passage 1[Passage 1]Questions 1-4:1. B2. A3. D4. CExplanation:In the first passage, the correct answers for questions 1-4 are as follows:1. The ability to form general ideas.- The answer can be found in paragraph 2, which states that "the ability to form the general idea contained in the passage".2. The idea that reading interests develop rather smoothly.- This answer can be inferred from paragraph 3, where it is mentioned that "reading interests develop rather smoothly".3. Their ability to be leaders.- The correct answer is highlighted in paragraph 4, where it states that "many children will have the ability to be leaders".4. Building a reading habit from a young age.- The answer can be found in paragraph 5, where it states that "building the habit of reading from early in life".Reading Passage 2[Passage 2]Questions 5-8:5. C6. B7. A8. DExplanation:In the second passage, the correct answers for questions 5-8 are as follows:5. Whether teachers select textbooks.- The answer is given in the first paragraph, which states that "teachers in most schools are responsible for selecting textbooks".6. There are guidelines for textbook selection.- This answer can be inferred from paragraph 2, where it mentions that "countries have developed guidelines for textbook selection".7. Feedback from students.- The correct answer can be found in paragraph 3, which states that "a review process involves feedback from students and teachers".8. The effectiveness of textbooks.- The answer is highlighted in the last paragraph, where it states that "assessments are made to evaluate the effectiveness of textbooks".Listening Passage 1[Listening Passage 1]Questions 9-12:9. C10. B11. A12. DExplanation:In the first listening passage, the correct answers for questions 9-12 are as follows:9. The professor's name.- The answer is mentioned in the first sentence of the passage, where it states that "Professor Johnson, an expert in biology".10. The significance of the discovery.- The correct answer is given in the second sentence of the passage, which states that "the discovery has important implications for medical research".11. The target audience of the lecture.- The answer can be inferred from the third sentence, where it mentions that "today's lecture is specifically tailored for biology students".12. The location of the discovery.- The answer is provided in the last sentence, which states that "the discovery was made in a remote rainforest in South America".ConclusionIn this article, we have presented the 2013 June CET-4 exam questions and their corresponding answer explanations. It is important for students to familiarize themselves with the exam format and practice their English skills in order to achieve a successful outcome. While the format and questions may vary in future exams, the provided explanations can serve as a useful guide for students preparing for similar language proficiency tests.Remember, continuous practice and improvement are key in succeeding in any language examination. Good luck with your studies!。
2013年6月大学英语六级真题试卷(第3套)(题后含答案及解析)
2013年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（第3套）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part, you are allowed SO minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “A smile is the shortest distance between two people.”You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.正确答案：Smile Bridges the Gap Among People The saying “A smile is the shortest distance between two people”has been widely accepted throughout the world. However, the high pressures in modern society make the relationship among people more and more distant. In my opinion, the smile is a powerful antidote to this phenomenon, which can not only bridge the gap but also break down the barriers between heart and heart. When you present a smile to others, you will earn friendship as well as fortune. Such examples might be given easily. American celebrated “hotel king”Hilton’s requirement to his staff is whatever happens to the hotel, the smile on Hilton staff’s faces is the hotel’s sunshine. Smile helped Hilton come through the difficulties; Moreover, it brought huge profits. Have you smiled today? If not, let’s smile together! It is deeply-rooted in my mind that the world will be more harmonious if we always wear a smile on our faces.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.Norman Borlaug: ‘Father of the Green Revolution’Few people have quietly changed the world for the better more than this rural lad from the midwestern state of Iowa in the United States. The man in focus is Norman Borlaug, the Father of the ‘Green Revolution’, who died on September 12, 2009 at age 95. Norman Borlaug spent most of his 60 working years in the farmlands of Mexico, South Asia and later in Africa, fighting world hunger, and saving by some estimates up to a billion lives in the process. An achievement, fit for a Nobel Peace Prize.Early Years “I’m a product of the great depression” is how Borlaug described himself. A great-grandson of Norwegian immigrants to the United States, Borlaug was born in 1914 and grew up on a small farm in the northeastern corner of Iowa in a town called Cresco. His familyhad a 40-hectare(公顷)farm on which they grew wheat, maize(玉米)and hay and raised pigs and cattle. Norman spent most of his time from age 7-17 on the farm, even as he attended a one-room, one-teacher school at New Oregon in Howard County. Borlaug didn’t have money to go to college. But through a Great Depression era programme, known as the National Youth Administration, Borlaug was able to enroll in the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis to study forestry. He excelled in studies and received his Ph. D. in plant pathology(病理学)and genetics in 1942. From 1942 to 1944, Borlaug was employed as a microbiologist at DuPont in Wilmington. However, following the December 7,1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, Borlaug tried to join the military, but was rejected under wartime labour regulations.In Mexico In 1944, many experts warned of mass starvation in developing nations where populations were expanding faster than crop production. Borlaug began work at a Rockefeller Foundation-funded project in Mexico to increase wheat production by developing higher-yielding varieties of the crop. It involved research in genetics, plant breeding, plant pathology, entomology(昆虫学), agronomy(农艺学), soil science, and cereal technology. The goal of the project was to boost wheat production in Mexico, which at the time was importing a large portion of its grain. Borlaug said that his first couple of years in Mexico were difficult. He lacked trained scientists and equipment. Native farmers were hostile towards the wheat programme because of serious crop losses from 1939 to 1941 due to stem rust. Wheat varieties that Borlaug worked with had tall, thin stalks. While taller wheat competed better for sunlight, they had a tendency to collapse under the weight of extra grain a trait called lodging. To overcome this, Borlaug worked on breeding wheat with shorter and stronger stalks, which could hold on larger seed heads. Borlaug’s new semi-dwarf, disease-resistant varieties, called Pitic 62 and Penjamo 62, changed the potential yield of Mexican wheat dramatically. By 1963 wheat production in Mexico stood six times more than that of 1944.Green Revolution in India During the 1960s, South Asia experienced severe drought condition and India had been importing wheat on a large scale from the United States. Borlaug came to India in 1963 along with Dr. Robert Anderson to duplicate his Mexican success in the sub-continent. The experiments began with planting a few of the high-yielding variety strains in the fields of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa in New Delhi, under the supervision of Dr. M. S. Swaminathan. These strains were subsequently planted in test plots at Ludhiana, Pantnagar, Kanpur, Pune and Indore. The results were promising, but large-scale success, however, was not instant. Cultural opposition to new agricultural techniques initially prevented Borlaug from going ahead with planting of new wheat strains in India. By 1965, when the drought situation turned alarming, the Government took the lead and allowed wheat revolution to move forward. By employing agricultural techniques he developed in Mexico, Borlaug was able to nearly double South Asian wheat harvests between 1965 and 1970. India subsequently made a huge commitment to Mexican wheat, importing some 18 000 tonnes of seed. By 1968, it was clear that the Indian wheat harvest was nothing short of revolutionary. It was so productive that there was a shortage of labour to harvest it, of bull carts to haul it to the threshing floor(打谷场), of jute(黄麻)bags to store it.Local governments in some areas were forced to shut down schools temporarily to use them as store houses. United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)observed that in 40 years between 1961 and 2001, “India more than doubled its population, from 452 million to more than 1 billion. At the same time, it nearly tripled its grain production from 87 million tonnes to 231 million tonnes. It accomplished this feat while increasing cultivated grain acreage(土地面积)a mere 8 percent. “It was in India that Norman Borlaug’s work was described as the ‘Green Revolution. ‘In Africa Africa suffered widespread hunger and starvation through the 70s and 80s. Food and aid poured in from most developed countries into the continent, but thanks to the absence of efficient distribution system, the hungry remained empty-stomach. The then Chairman of the Nippon Foundation, Ryoichi Sasakawa wondered why the methods used in Mexico and India were not extended to Africa. He called up Norman Borlaug, now leading a semi-retired life, for help. He managed to convince Borlaug to help with his new effort and subsequently founded the Sasakawa Africa Association. Borlaug later recalled, “but after I saw the terrible circumstances there, I said, ‘Let’s just start growing’”. The success in Africa was not as spectacular as it was in India or Mexico. Those elements that allowed Borlaug’s projects to succeed, such as well-organized economies and transportation and irrigation systems, were severely lacking throughout Africa. Because of this, Borlaug’s initial projects were restricted to developed regions of the continent. Nevertheless, yields of maize, sorghum(高梁)and wheat doubled between 1983 and 1985.Nobel Prize For his contributions to the world food supply, Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. Norwegian officials notified his wife in Mexico City at 4:00 a. m. , but Borlaug had already left for the test fields in the Toluca valley, about 65 km west of Mexico City. A chauffeur(司机)took her to the fields to inform her husband. In his acceptance speech, Borlaug siad, “the first essential component of social justice is adequate food for all mankind. Food is the moral right of all who are born into this world. Yet, 50 percent of the world population goes hungry.”Green Revolution vs Environmentalists Borlaug’s advocacy of intensive high-yield agriculture came under severe criticism from environmentalists in recent years. His work faced environmental and socio-economic criticisms, including charges that his methods have created dependence on monoculture crops, unsustainable farming practices, heavy indebtedness among subsistence farmers, and high levels of cancer among those who work with agriculture chemicals. There are also concerns about the long-term sustainability of farming practices encouraged by the Green Revolution in both the developed and the developing world. In India, the Green Revolution is blamed for the destruction of Indian crop diversity, drought vulnerability, dependence on agro-chemicals that poison soils but reap large-scale benefits mostly to the American multi-national corporations. What these critics overwhelmingly advocate is a global movement towards “organic”or “sustainable”farming practices that avoid using chemicals and high technology in favour of natural fertilizers, cultivation and pest-control programmes.2．Norman Borlaug won a Nobel Prize for______.A．his remarkable achievements in plant geneticsB．his spectacular contribution to safeguarding world peaceC．his great success in raising Africa’s food productionD．his enduring efforts in combating world hunger正确答案：D解析：细节辨认题。
2013年6月六级考试真题答案解析(第三套)
2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)答案与详解Part ⅠWriting1、审题:本篇为评论性的话题作文。
题目中要求评论的“Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need, but not every man’s greed”这句话出自圣雄甘地（Mahatma Gandhi)之口，是甘地生态世界观的体现。
地球一直是哺育生于斯的人类的最无私的母亲，为人类提供着各种生存和生活所需。
然而，随着科技进步、人口数量的激增，人类对地球的抢夺也越来越严重。
常言道：欲壑难填，而资源有限。
寻找合适的方式，维持人与地球及其资源之间的和谐关系，已是人类必须认真思考、快速行动的当务之急。
出题人似乎也是鉴于当前由于人类对自然界无穷无尽的索取，导致各种自然灾害频发、物种灭绝、资源枯竭等问题，借这个题目引发思考和更多关注。
考生可以从不同角度对这一主题进行阐释：可以先描述当前灾害频发、物种灭绝、资源枯竭等现状，引出主题，然后分析产生这些现象的人为因素（只追求GDP,不保护资源；人口激增，资源消耗，浪费更大；追求利益，盲目、过度开采等），最后发出呼吁；或者也可以先简述当前人与地球的关系（人们为了满足自己的贪欲，向地球无止境地索取，造成一系列问题），然后陈述人类积极协调自身利益与地球之间关系的意义，最后提出一两点建议结束全文。
2、写作思路：第一段：描述人类欲望膨胀带来的问题，如灾害频发、物种灭绝、资源枯竭，指出地球现状值得人们高度关注。
第二段：分析产生上述各种现象的原因，如只追求GDP而不保护资源；人口激增，资源的消耗和浪费更大；为求利益而盲目、过度开采等。
第三段：总结，指出人类应该控制自己的贪婪欲望，如此才能在地球上世代生存。
Time to Shake off Greed and Heal the EarthEarth, as has always been regarded as mother to human beings, has fallen ill with the symptoms of the frequent eruption of natural disasters, the extinction of wild animals and the exhaustion of natural resources. And the situation illustrated should arouse great attention of all human beings.As a matter of fact, blinded by greed, human beings have great responsibility for the present situation we confront with. To start with, human beings are so economy-oriented that they ignore the protection of the environment. Then, population in the planet has experienced great booming, which makes more and more resources needed and exhausted, and in turn threatens to end human life. Finally, human beings excessively exploit and abuse non-renewable energy and resources just for the expanding of their own benefits, which will only lead to the darkness of future for their offspring.Since the vista of the human’s greed towards the Mother Earth is so terrible that we should stop the unreasonable exploitation of the earth. Let’s shake off greed and heal the earth, and build a better home for ourselves and for our later generations.PartⅢReading ComprehensionSection A答案详解：36、C)。
2013年6月大学英语六级(CET6)考试真题试题完整版真题+听力原文+答案详解
2013年6月大学英语六级(CET6)考试真题试题完整版Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11. A) She has completely recovered.B) She went into shock after an operation.C) She is still in a critical condition.D) She is getting much better.12. A) Ordering a breakfast. C) Buying a train ticket.B) Booking a hotel room. D) Fixing a compartment.13. A) Most borrowers never returned the books to her.B) The man is the only one who brought her book back.C) She never expected anyone to return the books to her.D) Most of the books she lent out came back without jackets.14. A) She left her work early to get some bargains last Saturday.B) She attended the supermarket’s grand opening ceremony.C) She drove a full hour before finding a parking space.D) She failed to get into the supermarket last Saturday.15. A) He is bothered by the pain in his neck.B) He cannot do his report without a computer.C) He cannot afford to have a coffee break.D) He feels sorry to have missed the report.16. A) Only top art students can show their works in the gallery.B) The gallery space is big enough for the man’s paintings.C) The woman would like to help with the exibition layout.D) The man is uncertain how his art works will be received.17. A) The woman needs a temporary replacement for her assistant.B) The man works in the same department as the woman does.C) The woman will have to stay in hospital for a few days.D) The man is capable of dealing with difficult people.18. A) It was better than the previous one.B) It distorted the mayor’s speech.C) It exaggerated the city’s economy problems.D) It reflected the opinions of most economists.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) To inform him of a problem they face.B) To request him to purchase control desks.C) To discuss the content of a project report.D) To ask him to fix the dictating machine.20. A) They quote the best price in the market.B) They manufacture and sell office furniture.C) They cannot deliver the steel sheets on time.D) They cannot produce the steel sheets needed21. A) By marking down the unit price.B) By accepting the penalty clauses.C) By allowing more time for delivery.D) By promising better after-sales service.22. A) Give the customer a ten percent discount.B) Claim compensation from the stool suppliers.C) Ask the Buying Department to change suppliers.D) Cancel the contract with the customer.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Stockbroker. C) Mathematician.B) Physicist. D) Economist.24. A) Improve computer programming.B) Predict global population growth.C) Explain certain natural phenomena.D) Promote national financial health.25. A) Their different educational backgrounds.B) Changing attitudes toward nature.C) Chaos theory and its applications.D) The current global economic crisis.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2013年考研英语阅读
2013年Text 11---①In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada,Miranda Priestly,played by Meryl Streep,scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.②Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.2---①This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of“fast fashion”.②In the last decades or so,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara,H&M,and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.③Quckier turnarounds mean less wasted inventory,more frequent releases,and more profit.④Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal——meant to last only a wash or two,although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.⑤By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices,Cline argues,these brands have hijacked fashion cycles,shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.3---①The victims of this revolution,of course,are not limited to designers.②For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world,it must rely on low-wage,overseas labor,order in volumes that strain natural resources,and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.4---①Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.②Mass-produced clothing,like fast food,fills a hunger and need,yet is non-durable,and wasteful,”Cline argues,Americans,she finds,buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away,this excess leads to waste.5---①Towards the end of Overdressed,Cline introduced her ideal,a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont,who since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully.②But as Cline is the first to note,it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft;her example,can’t be knocked off.6---①Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M,with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer.②She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability,be it in food or in energy.③Vanity is a constant;people will onl y start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her______.[A]insensitivity to fashion. [B]obsession with high fashion.[C]poor bargaining skill. [D]lack of imagination.22.According to Cline,mass-market labels urge consumers to__________.[A]combat unnecessary waste.[B]shop for their garments more frequently.[C]resist the influence of advertisements.[D]shut out the feverish fashion world.23.The word“indictment”(Line 3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to__________.[A]tolerance. [B]indifference. [C]enthusiasm. [D]accusation.24.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B]The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C]Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.[D]People are more interested in unaffordable garments.25.What is the subject of the text?[A]Satire on an extravagant lifestyle. [B]Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C]Criticism of the fast-fashion industry. [D]Exposure of a mass-market secret.2013年Text 21---①An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted——the trouble is,no one knows which half.②In the internet age,at least in theory,this fraction can be much reduced.③By watching what people search for,click on and say online,compa nies can aim“behavioural”ads at those most likely to buy.2---①In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information:Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads?②Or should they have explicit permission?3---①In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission(FTC)proposed adding a“do not track”(DNT)option to internet browsers,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.②Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Apple’s Safari both offer DNT;Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year.③In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance(DAA)agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.4---①On May 31st Microsoft set off the row:It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear with Windows 8,would have DNT as a default.5---①Advertisers are horrified.②Human nature being what it is,most people stick with default settings.③Few switch DNT on now,but if tracking is off it will stay off.④Bob Liodice,the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers，says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences.⑤People will not get fewer ads,he says.⑥“They’ll get less meaningful,less targeted ads.”6---①It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.②Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking,although some companies have promised to do so.③Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default,some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.7---①Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.②After all,it has an ad business too,which it says will comply with DNT requests,though it is still working out how.③If it is trying to upset Google,which relies almost wholly on advertising,it has chosen an indirect method:There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.④DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8——though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google's on that count before.⑤Brendon Lynch,Microsoft's chief privacy officer,blogge d:“we believe consumers should have more control.”⑥Could it really be that simple?26.It is suggested in paragraph 1 that“behavioural”ads help advertisers to__________.[A]provide better online services[B]ease competition among themselves[C]avoid complaints from consumers[D]lower their operational costs27.“The industry”(Line 6,Para.3)refers to__________.[A]internet browser developers [B]digital information analysis[C]e-commerce conductors [D]online advertisers28.Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default__________.[A]may cut the number of junk ads [B]fails to affect the ad industry[C]will not benefit consumers [D]goes against human nature29.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6?[A]Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[B]DNT may not serve its intended purpose[C]DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D]Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30.The author’s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of__________.[A]indulgence[B]understanding [C]appreciation [D]skepticism2013年Text 31---①Up until a few decades ago,our visions of the future were largely——though by no means uniformly——glowingly positive.②Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity,leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.2---①Now utopia has grown unfashionable,as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us,from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change.②You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.3---①But such gloominess is misplaced.②The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years——so why shouldn’t we?③Take a broader look at ou r species’place in the universe,and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens,if not hundreds,of thousands of years.④Look up Homo sapiens in the“Red List”of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation o f Nature(IUCN),and you will read:“Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed,adaptable,currently increasing,and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”4---①So what does our deep future hold?②A growing number of researchers and organizations are nowthinking seriously about that question.③For example,the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.5---①Perhaps willfully,it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.②The potential evolution of today’s technology,and its social consequences,is dazzlingly complicated,and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage.③That’s one reason why we have launched Arc,a new publication dedicated to the near future.6---①But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance.②As so often,the past holds the key to the future:we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet,and our species,to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.7---①This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.②To be sure,the future is not all rosy.③But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans,and to improve the lot of those to come.31.Our vision of the future used to be inspired by__________.[A]our desire for lives of fulfillment[B]our faith in science and technology[C]our awareness of potential risks[D]our belief in equal opportunity32.The IUCN’s“Red List”suggest that human being are__________.[A]a sustained species [B]the world’s dominant power[C]a threaten to the environment [D]a misplaced race33.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A]The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[B]Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[C]Technology offers solutions to social problem.[D]Our immediate future is hard to conceive.34.To ensure the future of mankind,it is crucial to__________.[A]adopt an optimistic view of the world[B]draw on our experience from the past[C]explore our planet’s abundant resources[D]curb our ambition to reshape history35.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [B]Science,Technology and Humanity[C]Evolution of the Human Species [D]Uncertainty about Our Future2013年Text 41---①On a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday---a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.②But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administrati on’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.2---①In Arizona v.United States,the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.②The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to“establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.③Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.3---①Just ice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.②On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately“occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.4---①However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.②That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.5---①Two of the three objecting Justice---Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas---agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.②The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.6---①The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as“a shocking assertion of federal executive power”.②The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.③In effect,the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.7---①Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government,and control of citizenship and the borders is among them.②But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status,it could.③It never did so.④The adm inistration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes,no state should be allowed to do so either.⑤Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkableclaim.36.Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they__________.[A]deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B]disturbed the power balance between different states.[C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D]contradicted both the federal and state policies.37.On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph 4?[A]Federal officers’duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B]States’independence from federal immigration law.[C]States’legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D]Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts_________.[A]violated the Constitution. [B]undermined the states’interests.[C]supported the federal statute. [D]stood in favor of the states.39.The White House claims that its power of enforcement__________[A]outweighs that held by the states. [B]is dependent on the states’support.[C]is established by federal statutes. [D]rarely goes against state laws.40.What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A]Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B]Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C]Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D]The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.。
2013年 考研英语阅读历年真题翻译
在过去的25年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。
对于年龄低于40岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。
然而，在20世纪出版的最重要的文艺评论集中，人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。
现在，如果读到这些集子，人们肯定会惊诧，当年这般渊博深奥的内容竟然被认为适合发表在大众日报中。
从20世纪早期到二战以前，当时的英国报纸上的评论主题广泛，包罗万象，我们现在离此类报纸评论越来越远。
当时的报纸极其便宜，人们把高雅时尚的文艺批评当作是所刊登报纸的一个亮点。
在那些遥远的年代，各大报刊的评论家们都会不遗余力地详尽报道他们所报道的事情，这在当时被视为是理所当然的事情。
他们的写作是件严肃的事情，人们相信：甚至那些博学低调不喜欢炫耀的评论家，比如George Bernard Shaw和Ernest Newman也知道自己在做什么（即他们的文章会高调出现在报纸上）。
这些批评家们相信报刊评论是一项职业，并且对于他们的文章能够在报纸上发表感到很自豪。
“鉴于几乎没有作家能拥有足够的智慧或文学天赋以保证他们在新闻报纸写作中站稳脚跟”，Newman曾写道，“我倾向于把‘新闻写作’定义为不受读者欢迎的作家用来嘲讽受读者欢迎的作家的一个‘轻蔑之词’”不幸的是，这些批评家们现在实际上已被人们遗忘。
从1917年开始一直到1975年去世不久前还在为曼彻斯特《卫报》写文章的Neville Cardus，如今仅仅作为一个撰写关于板球比赛文章的作家被人们所知。
但是，在他的一生当中，他也是英国首屈一指的古典音乐评论家之一。
他也是一位深受读者青睐的文体家，所以1947年他的《自传》一书就成为热销读物。
1967年他被授予爵士称号，也是第一位获此殊荣的音乐评论家。
然而，他的书现在只有一本可以在市面上买到。
2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)答案与详解
2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)答案与详解Part ⅠWritingThe Impact of the Information ExplosionAs is known to us all, we are now living in the age of “information explosion”. That is, we are surrounded by much information. It is true that information explosion brings convenience to our life, but it also leads to the distraction of our attention.Just as the famous saying goes, “A wealth of information creates a poverty of attention.” .For example, there are so many advertisements on the Internet that we are easily distracted by the irrelevant information of the target website. In addition, the information itself is of various kinds, either healthy or violent. The bad information may even arouse violent crimes.Therefore, it is high time we adopted proper methods to avoid being distracted by irrelevant information. For one thing, we can make a list of key words about what we will search on the Internet. For another, we can set a time limit for the search of the target information. Thus, the search is more effective and time is saved greatly at the same time.PartⅢReading ComprehensionSection A答案详解：36、H)。
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《专业外语与英文文献阅读》试题
一：请结合你研究生期间的研究方向，查阅近3个月以来的相关英文专业文献，并提交所查阅所有文献的电子版。
(20分)
二：根据第一题的英文文献，完成对相关问题的综述。
（30分）
三：请全文翻译以下英文论文（每人一篇）。
（30分）
（1）林庆祥：Effect of Cr doping on the optical-electrical property of CuAlO2 thin films derived by chemical solution deposition
（2）唐帆斌：Optical and microstructural properties of ZnO/TiO2nano laminates prepared by atomic layer deposition
（3）王典：Fabricating scheme and optical properties of a flexible semiconductor micro-laser
（4）张秋平：Single-crystal growth and electronic structure of Tl3PbCl5, a prospective nonlinear optical material
（5）朱志川：Influence of molecular processes on the hydrogen atomic system in an expanding argon-hydrogen plasma
（6）贾萌萌：Phase structure and piezoelectric properties of Ca- and Ba- doped K1/2Na1/2NbO3 lead free ceramics
（7）金开锋：Effects of ZnAl2O4 segregation in high temperature sintered Al-doped ZnO sputtering target on optical and electrical properties of deposited thin films
四：请翻译以下英文杂志的投稿须知（每人翻译一个）。
（20分）
（1）The journal of physical chemistry A
（2）Applied physics letters
（3）Materials research bulletin
（4）Journal of materials science
（5）Journal of the American ceramic society
（6）IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics and frequency control （7）Journal of physics D: applied physics。