GUIDANCE_NOTE_15
【解析2010国际贸易术语解释通则】
《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》(International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 2010), 缩写Incoterms 2010 是国际商会根据国际货物贸易的发展，对《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》的修订，2010年9月27日公布，于2011年1月1日实施。
一、相对于Incoterms 2000与Incoterms 2010的主要变化1、贸易术语分类的调整:由2原来的E、F、C、D 四组分为适用于两类：适用于各种运输方式和水运；2、贸易术语的数量由原来的13种变为11种；3、《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》删去了《2000通则》中的4个术语：DAF (Delivered at Frontier)边境交货DES (Delivered Ex Ship) 目的港船上交货DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay)目的港码头交货DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)未完税交货4、《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》中新增了2个术语：DAT（Delivered at terminal）在指定目的地或目的港的集散站交货DAP（Delivered at place）在指定目的地交货即用 DAP 取代了DAF、DES、DDU三个术语，DAT取代了DEQ，且扩展至适用于一切运输方式；DAT（DeliveredatTerminal）“Terminal”可以是任何地点，如码头，仓库，集装箱堆场或者铁路、公路或航空货运站等。
DAP（DeliveredatPlace）是指在指定目的地交货。
两者的主要差异是DAT下卖方需要承担把货物由目的地（港）运输工具上卸下的费用，DAP下卖方只需在指定目的地把货物处于买方控制之下，而无须承担卸货费。
5、修订后的《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》取消了“船舷”的概念，卖方承担货物装上船为止的一切风险，买方承担货物自装运港装上船后的一切风险。
os-c102_2012-10 DNV海洋结构物设计规范 Structural Design of Offshore Ships
• Sec.5 Hull Strength — C400: Design loading conditions for the hull girder longitudinal strength for the survival condition. Table D1 moved from Sec.11 and Sec.12. — E: Local detail stress analysis. Tables modified and moved from Sec.11 and Sec.12. — F: fatigue strength moved to Sec.8. • — — — Sec.6 Strength of Topside Structures F: Global dynamic loads for topside structure is modified and combination tables moved to Sec.4 C800. H: Table H1 modified. Coefficient for global strength for topside load bearing set to 1.0. Old G “Hull Deformation” moved to F200 and item F205 regarding sliding supports has been added.
OFFSHORE STANDARD
DNV-OS-C102
Structural Design of Offshore Ships
OCTOBER 2012
The electronic pdf version of this document found through is the officially binding version
上海市青浦区2021届高三一模英语试卷含答案
青浦区2020学年第一学期高三年级期终学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷(时间120分钟，满分140分)考生注意：1. 本试卷共13页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
2. 答题前，考生务必在答题卡（纸）上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3. 答案必须全部涂写在答题卡（纸）上。
如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Restaurant waitress and customer. B. Travel agent and customer.C. Shop assistant and manager.D. Hotel cashier and guest.2. A. Job hunting. B. Newspaper columns.C. Work load.D. Ad publishing.3. A. She doesn't need to read the menu. B. She will take the trouble to copy.C. She is grateful for the man's help.D. She doesn't know how to make a copy.4. A. The man is tired of reading messages.B. The man's boss doesn't like to hear bad news.C. The man's boss is asking him to do extra work.D. The man doesn't like his boss.5. A. They should borrow a guidebook from others.B. They should cut down on the price on books.C. They should put off their visit to Sydney.D. They should pay for a good guidebook.6. A. Wait for another invitation. B. Enjoy the night with the man.C. Stop doing housework.D. Work on her assignment.7. A. They should care more about details.B. She forgot where the meeting took place.C. They ought to stick to the packaging issue.D. She agreed to discuss the client lunch right now.8. A. She doesn't want the man to give her money.B. She doesn't remember the cost of the taxi.C. The sandwich doesn't cost her too much.D. The man doesn't even own anything.9. A. The man has been to Paris before.B. It is not a good time to go to Paris.C. A trip to Paris is too costly for the man.D. Making budgets in Paris usually takes 2 weeks.10. A. She will be busy the whole afternoon.B. She doesn't enjoy working with the man.C. She wants to work on the report once again.D. She doesn't find it necessary to polish the report.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They will be absent-minded. B. They will make electric devices.C. They will use physical textbooks.D. They will be more communicative.12. A. Printing out assignments for the students. B. Using traditional in-class work to assess.C. Getting familiar with the use of platform.D. Leaving the answers open instead of fixed.13. A. The pros and cons of posting lessons online.B. The tips on giving online assignments to avoid cheating.C. The negative effects of online learning and its solutions.D. The guidance for proper application of electronic devices.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It could stay in the air longer than a helicopter.B. It could reach a speed of around 98 miles per hour.C. It was manufactured for the local newspaper contest.D. It measured 45 feet in width when its wings spread out.15. A. He started flying paper planes earlier than any of his classmates.B. He is the one who organized the Great Paper Airplane Launch.C. He is the first schoolboy to fly the world biggest paper plane.D. He worked together with the project team to build the plane.16. A. The birth of the world's largest paper plane.B. Children's passion for flying paper planes.C. A boy's great dream of designing a plane.D. The growth of paper plane engineering.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Her parents want to have a word with the headmaster at school.B. Her parents don't agree with her decision to be an artist.C. Her parents don't want her to transfer to an Art School.D. Her parents are worried about her schoolwork.18. A. Entry qualifications are the same for both types.B. It takes more time and efforts to be a traditional artist.C. A cartoon painter has to take a year's foundation course first.D. Going to an Art School is essential to be a commercial artist.19. A. Go to a Technical College and get a good job after that.B. Change her mind before she breaks her parents' heart.C. Be a teacher after getting trained at an Art School.D. Have her parents meet and talk to the art master.20. A. Julia is both hesitant and stubborn in decision-making.B. Julia's parents think highly of her artwork at school.C. The headmaster is an expert in teacher-student talk.D. Mr. Smith will recommend Julia to an Art School.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Eating jellyfish could save endangered fishAccording to the IUCN Red List 32,000 species are threatened with extinction — everything from birds and mammals. Despite national and international efforts being gathered to protect threatened species, we actively fish for many of them. For those of us who enjoy the odd fish and chips, this isn't great news, (21)_____________ the researchers have come up with an unusual way we can help while still enjoying seafood — and it involves eating jellyfish.Between 2006 and 2014, 92 vulnerable or endangered species of seafood were being caught, recorded, and sold. When they are sold, it is rare that fish and invertebrate (无脊椎的) species (22)____________ (require) to be labelled according to species, so consumers have no way of knowing (23)____________ they're eating.The research team stresses the fact (24) )____________ this is only a brief view of the real problem. "A lot of the seafood catch and import records are listed in groups like ‘marine fish'. Here we didn't look at those vague records, we only looked at records (25)_____________ the actual species was listed — so we've made a huge underestimate of the actual catch of endangered species."There are some ways to untie the mess we're creating in the world's oceans, including (26)____________ (expand) our idea of seafood to include jellyfish. That might sound a little off the theme, but it's not the first time scientists have suggested (27)_____________ as a food source. It makes a lot of sense because Jellyfish is considered a minor species of wild animals and scientists might think its number is increasing worldwide.Of course, there are other ways to help keep endangered species (28)_____________ the menu. "We need to improve the labelling of seafood (29)______ _______ the consumers can have all of the information to make an informed choice," UQ conservation scientist Carissa Klein told ScienceAlert.And the informed choice, at least in some places, is (30)_____________ (easy) than you might imagine. In Australia, where the researchers are based, there's the Sustainable Seafood Guide to providethe best choices for seafood. There's also Seafood Watch in the US, which is run by the Monterey Bay Aquarium.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.NASA says there are water molecules (分子) on our neighbor's sunny surface. NASA has confirmed the presence of water on the moon's sunlit surface, a breakthrough that suggests the chemical __31__ that is vital to life on Earth could be distributed across more parts of the lunar surface than the ice that has __32__ been found in dark and cold areas."We don't know yet if we can use it as a resource," NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine said, but he added that learning more about the water is __33__ to U.S. plans to explore the moon.The discovery comes from the space agency's Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, or SOFIA — a(n) __34__ Boeing 747 that can take its large telescope high into Earth's atmosphere, at altitudes up to 45,000 feet. Those heights allow researchers to peer at objects in space with __35__ any visual disturbance from water vapor. To detect the molecules, SOFIA used a special camera that can distinguish between water's specific wavelength of 6.1 microns and that of its close chemical relative hydroxyl, or OH.The data confirm what experts have __36__, that water might exist on the moon's sunny surface. But in recent years, researchers had been able to document only water ice at the moon's poles and other darker and colder areas.Experts will now try to figure out exactly how the water came to form and why it __37__. NASA scientists published their findings in the latest issue of Nature Astronomy."Data from this location reveal water in __38__ of 100 to 412 parts per million — roughly __39__ to a 12-ounce bottle of water — trapped in a cubic meter of soil spread across the lunar surface," NASA said in a release about the discovery."Without a thick atmosphere, water on the sunlit lunar surface should just be lost to space," said Casey Honniball, the lead author of a study about the discovery. "Yet somehow we're seeing it. Something is producing the water, and something must be trapping it there."There are several possible explanations for the water's presence, including the possibility that it was delivered to the surface by stony microobjects __40__ the moon. Small balls of glass from that process could trap water, according to the researchers' paper.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.For students chasing lasting wealth, the best choice of a college major is less obvious than you might think.The conventional wisdom is that computer science and engineering majors have better employment__41__ and higher earnings than their peers who choose liberal arts.This is true for the first job, but the long-term story is more __42__. The advantage for STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) majors __43__ steadily after their first jobs, and by age 40, the earnings of people who majored in fields like social science or history have reached the same level.This happens for two reasons. First, many of the latest technical skills that are in high __44__ today become out-dated when technology progresses. Older workers must learn these new skills on the fly, __45__ younger workers may have learned them in school. Skill undesirability and the increased __46__ from younger graduates work together to lower the earnings advantage for STEM degree-holders as they age.Second, although liberal arts majors start low, they __47__ catch up to their peers in STEM fields. This is by design. A liberal arts education __48__ valuable "soft skills" like problem-solving, critical thinking and adaptability. Such skills are hard to quantify, and they don't create clear __49__ to high-paying first jobs. But they have __50__ in a wide variety of careers in the long run.According to the Census Bureau's American Community Survey, computer science and engineering majors between the ages of 23 and 25 earned 37% higher than the average starting salary of those majoring in history or social sciences. __51__, the average salary of those majoring in computer science or engineering by age 40 was $111,870, and social science and history majors earned $131,154, an average that is __52__ in part, by high-paying jobs in management, business and law.Why did that happen? According to a 2018 survey, the three __53__ of college graduates that employers considered most important were written communication, problem-solving and the ability to work in a team. In the liberal arts tradition, these skills are built through the __54__ between instructors and students, and through close reading and analysis of a broad range of subjects and texts.I'm not suggesting that students should avoid majoring in STEM fields, but I do think we should be careful of the urge to make college curricula ever more __55__ and career-focused. A four-year college degree should prepare students for the next 40 years of working life, and for a future that none of us can imagine.41. A. perspectives B. processes C. performances D. prospects42. A. complicated B. unique C. interesting D. believable43. A. sharpens B. dominates C. fades D. worsens44. A. spirit B. favour C. esteem D. demand45. A. otherwise B. while C. since D. therefore46. A. concern B. caution C. competition D. cooperation47. A. dramatically B. gradually C. rapidly D. obviously48. A. fosters B. admires C. describes D. weakens49. A. exits B. shortcuts C. alternatives D. pathways50. A. shortage B. hardship C. value D. wisdom51. A. Still B. However C. Besides D. Instead52. A. calculated B. stressed C. compared D. lifted53. A. qualities B. elements C. characters D. majors54. A. argument B. relationship C. dialogue D. gap55. A. technical B. liberal C. intellectual D. classicalSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Alex Elman runs a big business — something hard to imagine after she lost her sight in her twenties. But Elman says that losing her sight helped her focus on finding success.Elman's father planted a hillside vineyard in western Massachusetts in 1981. It's where Elman fled during the darkest period of her life. When she was 27 years old, she went blind due to complications from Juvenile diabetes (青少年糖尿病)17 years ago. She recalled, "I hid in my home. I hid in the place, to me, that was the safest place in the world."Elman is now the founder of Alex Elman Wines, a growing collection of organic wines from all around the world: Chianti from Italy, Torrontes from Argentina. Elman doesn't work alone. Her assistant, a guide dog named Hanley, is something of a wine taster, and quite a beggar. Hanley travels to all of the wineries that Elman does, from South America to Europe.At first, Elman resisted the idea of a seeing-eye dog. Now it's hard to imagine her life, or her business, without him. She said, "When someone tells me something is organic and I don't really believe it because I taste something funny on it, I'll put it in front of his face and if he likes the wine, he'll actually go in and sniff it. If it's not right, he'll turn his head away ... He gets in the dirt with me. He scratches around. He makes sure that we see earthworms and butterflies. That's how we know that the soil is actually organic, that there are no chemicals."Elman told CBS News she believes the loss of her vision was a gift. She said, "It allowed me to pay attention to what I thought was important and also to be able to teach people that the broken hang nail is not a big deal, you know what I mean? Don't sweat the small stuff. Don't sweat the big stuff either."56.From Para.2, we know that Elman _____.A. got through her hard days in the vineyardB. liked playing hide-and-seek during her childhoodC. suffered from juvenile diabetes from 27 years oldD. lost her sight while helping with farm work in 198157.Hanley is described as "quite a beggar" because _____.A. it is a guide dogB. it is capable of drinkingC. it wins permission to be with ElmanD. it travels all over the world58.Whenever Elman couldn't judge the wine exactly, she would _____.A. make Hanley drink itB. turn to Hanley for adviceC. order Hanley to head awayD. have another taste herself59.According to the passage, which of the following will Elman most probably agree with?A. There is no royal road to success.B. A single tree does not make a forest.C. The eye is blind if the mind is absent.D. When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.(B)Serena Williams Biography (1981- )Who Is Serena Williams?Serena Williams is an American professional tennis player who has held the top spot in the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) rankings numerous times over her career. She won her first major championship in 1999 and completed the career Grand Slam in 2003. Along with her individual success, Serena has teamed with sister Venus Williams to win a series of doubles titles.Early Life and FamilySerena Williams was born on September 26, 1981, in Saginaw, Michigan. The youngest of Richard's five daughters, Serena and her sister Venus would grow up to become great tennis champions. Serena's father — a former sharecropper from Louisiana determined to see his two youngest girls succeed — used what he'd collected from tennis books and videos to instruct Serena and Venus on how to play the game. At the age of three, practicing on a court not far from the family's new Compton, California, home, Serena endured the hardship of daily two-hour demanding practices from her father.The Williams SistersWith their signature style and play, Venus and Serena changed the look of their sport. Their sheer power and athletic ability overwhelmed opponents, and their sense of style and presence made them standout celebrities on the court. The close-knit sisters lived together for more than a dozen years in a gated Palm Beach Gardens region in Florida, but they went their separate ways after Serena bought a mansion in nearby Jupiter in December 2013. In 1999, Serena beat out her sister Venus in their race to the family's first Grand Slam win when she captured the U.S. Open title. It set the stage for a run of high-powered, high-profile victories for both Williams sisters.'The Serena Slam'In 1995 Serena turned pro. In 2002, Serena won the French Open, the U.S. Open, and Wimbledon, defeating sister Venus in the finals of each tournament. She captured her first Australian Open in 2003, making her one of only six women in the Open era to complete a career Grand Slam. The win also fulfilled her desire to hold all four major titles at the same time to make up what she'd called "The Serena Slam."60.What can we learn about the Williams sisters from the passage?A. Serena lives together with Venus.B. Serena and Venus are twin sisters.C. The Williams sisters outstood beyond their talents.D. Serena defeated Venus winning her first championship.61.According to the 2nd and 3rd parts of the passage, which statement is true?A. Serena used to receive very strict training when she was a child.B. The Williams sisters managed to copy their opponents styles.C. Serena bought herself a house at the age of 30 in Michigan.D. Serena and Venus are hostile to each other.62.What does "The Serena Slam" mean according to the passage?A. Serena won her first Australian Open in 2003.B. Serena won the championships in the four Open in a row.C. Serena defeated her sister Venus in the finals of each tournament.D. Serena became the first in the Open era to complete a career Grand Slam.(C)One way to divide up the world is between people who like to explore new possibilities and those who stick to the tried and true. In fact, the tension between betting on a sure thing and taking a chance that something unexpected and wonderful might happen troubles human and nonhuman animals alike.Take songbirds, for example. The half-dozen finches (雀) resting at my desk feeder all summer know exactly what they'll find there: black sunflower seed, and lots of it. Meanwhile, the warblers (莺) exploring the woods nearby don't depend on this predictable food source in fine weather. As food hunters, they enjoy less exposure to predators and, as a bonus, the chance to meet the perfect mate flying from tree to tree.This "explore-exploit"trade-off (权衡) has prompted scores of lab studies, computer simulations and algorithms (算法) trying to determine which strategy brings in the greatest reward. Now a new study of human behavior in the real world, published last month in the journal Nature Communications, shows that in good times, there isn't much of a difference between pursuing novelty and sticking to the status quo (原状) When the going gets tough, however, explorers are the winners.The new study, led by Shay O'Farrell and James Sanchirico, both of the University of California, Davis, along with Orr Spiegel of Tel Aviv University, examined the routes and results of nearly 2,500 commercial fishing trips in the Gulf of Mexico over a period of 2.5 years. The study focused on "bottom longline" fishing, a system where hundreds of lines are attached to a horizontal bar that is then lowered to reach the sea bed. Dr. O'Farrell explained the procedure this way: Go to a location and put the line down. Stay for a few hours. The lines are a mile long and have a buoy (浮标) at either end. When they pull that up, they assess the catch, and then decide if they will stay or move on to a different spot.Over two years of collecting data under various climate conditions, the researchers discovered that the fishermen were fairly consistent. "The exploiters would go to a smaller set of locations over and over, and go with what they know," Dr. O'Farrell said. The explorers would constantly try a wider range; they'd sample new places.In the long run, there wasn't a huge difference in payoffs between the two groups, perhaps due to the sharing information between fishing crews, said Dr. O'Farrell. But in challenging times, the study's message was clear: "You can try new things in the face of uncertainty."63.The author takes the songbird as an example to indicate that _____.A. like birds, humans tend to be satisfied with the predictableB. some birds are used to looking for food instead of being fedC. there exist the conservative and the adventurous like humansD. birds choose different ways to look for food in different weather64.According to the third paragraph, people who mastered "explore-exploit" trade-off _____.A. will choose either to pursue novelty or keep the status quoB. are ready to risk in time of difficultyC. will be tough in good times and bad timesD. will grow to be experts in lab studies65.Which can be inferred from the new study led by Shay O'Farrell and James Sanchirico?A. The two groups react to the unexpected differently.B. The "explore-exploit" trade-off helps scientific research a lot.C. The exploiters are used to fishing based solely on their experience.D. The explorers tend to achieve more than the exploiters in the long run.66.Which of the following can be the best title for passage?A. How the Exploiter differs from the ExplorerB. How to Become a Productive FishermanC. What is "Explore-Exploit" Trade-offD. When to take risks mattersSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.The timing of influenza vaccine production and distribution is unpredictable.B.However, it's a different story when it comes to influenza, commonly known as "the flu".C.People should get a flu vaccine before flu viruses spread in the community.D.The virus essentially "changes its coat" — H1N1, H2N3, and so on, as he told the website Healthline.E.He said it takes about two weeks after vaccination for antibodies to develop in the body and provideprotection against the flu infection.F.So the vaccines are likely to be updated from one season to the next to protect against the viruses.Guard against FluVaccination(接种疫苗) is among the most effective ways to help us prevent diseases. For viruses that don't change too much — the measles virus(麻疹) forexample — getting vaccinated is a once-and-for-all method to prevent you frombecoming infected with the virus. If you had two measles vaccines when you were a child, you will be protected for life._____67_____ It generally peaks between December and February. Flu vaccines cannot protect us in the long run. There is no permanent immunity, according to Theodore Strange, associate medical director at Staten Island University Hospital in New York. _____68_____Apart from a person's immune protection from flu vaccination declining over time, flu viruses are also constantly changing. _____69_____ To develop effective flu vaccines, over 100 national influenza (流感) centers around the world conduct year-round observation for influenza. Researchers will test thousands of influenza virus samples from patients, according to US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The World Health Organization also suggests three or four influenza viruses that are most likely to spread among people during the upcoming flu season.But even when a vaccine is developed, getting it can prove to be difficult, as demand tends to exceed supply. _____70_____ The availability of the flu vaccine supply does not always coincide with peak demand.So .scientists prioritize access to the vaccination. The CDC recommends key populations, such as medical staff, teachers, students, children and those aged 60 and above, receive flu vaccines.IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Changing Times Bring New StandardsThe Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, have long been one of the film industry's most famous awards. However, despite its 92-year history, the awards show has come under fire in recent yearsfor not recognizing enough multicultural performers and directors.In response to this lack of representation, the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the group that oversees the Oscars, has announced new diversity (多样性) requirements for future films to be submitted to the Best Picture category in 2024.They require nominees (提名者) to meet at least two out of four sets of standards, aiming to increase inclusion for underrepresented groups — people of color, women and people with disabilities — both on and off-screen. These standards include a minimum requirement for underrepresented groups at the executive level.Four years ago, OscarsSoWhite quickly drew attention, highlighting the absence of minority representation among previous nominees. It also pointed out that the voting committee has been largely white and male for decades, noted The New York Times.Ever since, the Academy has looked to increase its diversity by promising to double female and minority members in 2016. For example, the South-Korean film Parasite (《寄生虫》), which features an all-Asian cast, won four Oscars at the 2020 Academy Awards.However, the latest move has its doubters. Some have said that the awards body should be focusing on awarding what they consider to be the best film, rather than limiting what can be nominated, noted Forbes. Richard Grenell, the current US ambassador to Germany, also criticized the move, saying that "It's no longer the Best Picture, it's the Most Politically Correct Picture."Others, though, have praised the initiative. Culture critic Sonny Bunch wrote that, "The academy is finally — finally! — doing something to ensure that underrepresented groups have a shot."Arguably, The New York Times said it best. While it noted that the requirements were "easy for most studios to satisfy''，the initiative will show voters the extent to which diversity standards were met.V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.国家领导人出席了典礼，为人民教育家颁发荣誉奖章。
英语版笔记本电脑使用说明书
Protection requirements for electromagnetic compatibility in [Article 3.1b] Testing for electromagnetic compatibility in [EN 301 489-1] & [EN 301] Testing according to [489-17] Effective use of the radio spectrum as in [Article 3.2] Radio test suites according to [EN300 328-2]
● Do not remove any batteries from the computer while it is powered on. ● Do not continue to use a battery that has been dropped, or that appears damaged (e.g. bent or twisted)
● EN 61000-3-3 — “Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Chapter 3: Limits - Section 3: Limits on the voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage power supply systems for equipment with rate current up to and including 16 A.”
CE Mark Warning
This is a Class B product, in a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference, in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册unit4复习课件
常见的瞬间性动词有：marry, close, die, arrive, fall, leave,
go , break, lose, give, join, jump, receive, buy, borrow, start, begin, graduate等。
The usage of the tense (4)
What kind of emotion does the writer express in these sentences?
1. Tom has always been working hard. 赞许的感情色彩 2. Time has been flying so quickly! 感叹时间之快
语法
一. 现在完成进行时的定义和结构
现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延 续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。 肯定句 主语 + have (has) been + 现在分词(doing)． <比较> 现在完成时的被动语态
主语 + have (has) been + 过去分词(done)． 现在完成进行时的被动结构？ Note:现在完成进行时是没有被动语态的，如果有现在完成进
basketball all the morning.
二.现在完成进行时的用法
2. 表示“重复” 即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，而这个重复的动 作在说话时并不一定在进行，这个动作断断续续重复。 eg. 1)We have been making mistakes like this.
我们一直犯这样的错误。 2)Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week.
C.S.R简介
(a)JOG mode 时 当轴向之讯号ON时,系统即送出该轴向之行走命令直至轴向 之讯号OFF为止 (b)HOME mode 时 当轴向之讯号由OFF变ON时,该轴向即进入寻HOME状态.
系统外部RESET讯号.
NOTE10. (C BIT 038) M,S,T FINISH -- FIN
在MEM或MDI mode,当程式执行解到M码时,将M码的内容由 REG 1送出,同时送出M Code Read(MF)讯号,当LADDER将 相对之M码执行完毕后传回M,S,T Finish(FIN)讯号以通知系统知 道M码执行完成.正确之时序如下:
NOTE22.(C BIT 116)
MANUAL TOOL CHANGE
若系统中没有自动刀塔装置,当执行换刀指令(T CODE)时,系统 会显示"请自行手动换刀",提示使用者换刀.
NOTE23.(C BIT 117)
MILLING AXIS ON
若PLC将主轴切换至铣削轴时,必须将此讯号设成ON以通知系 统,系统会根据参数51铣削轴10V相对最高速来下命令给铣削 轴.注意:PLC将主轴切换至铣削轴前,主轴必须先作刹车. (此为铣床系统才有)
NOTE24.(C BIT 118)
SPINDLE MIDDLE GEAR
若PLC将主轴换成中档位必须将此讯号设成ON以通知系统.
NOTE25.(C BIT 119)ZP2Z Down Cancel -- ZP2ZDC
国际贸易术语解释通则2010之CIF（中英对照版）
国际贸易术语解释通则2010之CIF（中英对照版）COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT 成本、保险费加运费CIF (insert named port of destination) Incoterms 2010 成本、保险费加运费（…指定⽬的港）GUIDANCE NOTE 序⾔This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. “Cost, Insurance and Freight”means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel. The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. The seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyer?s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The buyer should note that under CIF the seller is required to obtain insurance only on minimum cover. Should the buyer wish to have more insurance protection, it will need either to agree as much expressly with the seller or to make its own extra insurance arrangements. When CPT, CIP, CFR, or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier in the manner specified in the chosen rule and not when the goods reach the place of destination. This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places. While the contract will always specify a destination port, it might not specify the port of shipment, which is where risk passes to the buyer. If the shipment port is of particular interest to the buyer, the parties are well advised to identify it as precisely as possible in the contract. The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point at the agreed port of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the specified point at the port of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties. The seller is required either to deliver the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods already so delivered for shipment to the destination.In addition the seller is required either to make a contract of carriage or to procure such a contract. The reference to “procure”here caters for multiple sales down a chain (…string sales?), particularly common in the commodity trades. CIF may not be appropriate where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at a terminal. In such circumstances, the CIP rule should be used. CIF requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.该术语仅适⽤于海运或内河运输。
DNV规范
SECTION 8 制造、工艺和试验PT.4 CH.7 SEC.8A. 制造A 100 General 总则101I、II级压力容器应由船级社认可的工厂制造。
102焊接应由认可的工人，见PT.2 CH.3 SEC.3,根据认可的图纸和说明书进行。
对于I、II级压力容器的焊接工艺合格要求按PT.2 CH.3 SEC.3,或者按照公认标准。
B. 工艺B 100 板材切割101 板材一般采用火焰切割而不采用剪切加工，除非机加工去除的割边量为1/4的板厚，但最小为3mm.B 200 焊缝201对于纵缝和环缝主要对接焊缝仅认可全焊透形式.壳体与平封头、管板的连接可以用非对接焊的圆周焊缝，见SEC.5.202除另经认可外，焊缝应为双面焊。
联箱、管路和管子的环形焊缝可采用有衬板或无衬板的单面焊，接缝的设计和焊接方法应保证完全焊透并须向验船师论证所用的焊接方法可以给出无缺陷的焊缝且取得验船师满意。
如采用衬板，则除另经认可外，应在焊接后和非破坏性试验之前移去。
然而，当环缝的第二侧不可能施焊，必须采用永久型垫衬时，应满足以下条件：——III级压力容器或者II级无缝筒体。
——带垫衬的焊接工艺被认可。
——介质是无腐蚀的。
203只要可行，在紧靠焊缝处不准焊接附件。
如果不能避免，焊接应是完全互相交叉。
204由焊接板制成的管板，焊接缝应尽可能位于最小应力处，通过弯边曲面的焊缝应与其成直角。
205除非压力容器在焊接后热处理消除应力，否则不能超过两条焊缝交于一个点。
注：只要有可能，应避免在焊缝处或附近开孔。
206在焊接开始前，确定板边是否符合以下限制条件：——对于纵向焊缝：为板厚的10%，最大为3mm。
——对于环向焊缝：为板厚的10%+1，最大为4mm。
207如果板不等厚，并且厚板表面超出206中绘出的薄则范围，则厚板应削锥钉，角度不超过15°，具体见Fig 1.Guidance note指引摘要:要求完全射线探伤检验的压力容器而言，建议厚板制成有一段与薄板等厚的平行部分。
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GUIDANCE NOTE 15CHP SCHEME POWER OUTPUTSTotal Power Output and Total Power CapacityGN15.1For selecting the relevant QI definition, the Total Power Capacity (CHP TPC) at ISO conditions should be used.GN15.2Total Power Output (CHP TPO) is used for assessing Power Efficiency and calculating QI. CHP TPO is measured at the generator terminals (ignoring parasitic loads)1 and reported in kWh or MWh. It includes mechanical power output converted to the electrical equivalent2.CHP Total Power Output (CHP TPO) = Power Output + Electrical Equivalent OutputWhere:Electrical Equivalent Output = Mechanical Power x 1.05¾Refer to GN13 for guidance on CHP Scheme Monitoring.GN15.3Additional Equipment, often producing parasitic electrical loads should be identified using Section 7 in Form F2 not for the purpose of determining quality, but to be included for assessment of certain benefits.Mechanical Power OutputsGN15.4The majority of electricity generated in CHP that is consumed onsite is used to run electric motors used to drive pumps, fans, compressors, etc. With regard to CHP Schemes generating mechanical power to drive a pump, fan or compressor directly, the losses in turning mechanical energy into electrical energy and then back into mechanical energy again can be avoided. To reflect the savings compared to conventional approaches, mechanical power 1Some schemes, particularly smaller schemes, may measure power output to the site, net of parasitic loads. This is acceptable since applicants will be claiming the lower net electrical output, consistent with the treatment of uncertainties in GN20.8. Applicants should be aware that in many cases this will reduce the reported electrical efficiency(and QI) by several points.2For CHPQA the term Power is taken to mean electrical or mechanical energy i.e. power totalised over a period of time, expressed in kWh or MWh, as opposed to the strictdefinition of power which is an instantaneous rate of work, expressed in kW or MW.output is credited as an equivalent electrical output. This is included in the calculation of Power Efficiency by multiplying the mechanical power by a factor of 1.05 to provide an equivalent electrical power. However, where mechanical power is provided by a CHP Scheme prime mover it will not usually be possible to measure the shaft power directly.¾Refer to GN22 for guidance on Indirect Determination of Energy Outputs (Mechanical Power).GN15.5Mechanical power used within the Utilities Area for drives that are integral to the operation of the CHP prime movers (e.g. the air compressor module of a gas turbine) shall not be included as CHP mechanical power outputs for the purpose of calculating a Scheme’s Power Efficiency and QI. The value of this energy is reflected in shaft output power and heat from the engine.GN15.6Mechanical power used within the Utilities Area for drives other than those integral to the operation of the CHP prime movers, where the alternative driver is an electric motor, may be included as CHP mechanical power outputs for the purpose of calculating Power Efficiency and QI. These may include steam turbine-driven boiler feed-water pumps, cooling water pumps, condensate extraction pumps and compressors for process air. For these purposes, power used by electric motor drives is already included since the CHP electrical power outputs are measured at the generator terminals. Metering RequirementsElectrical PowerGN15.7For metering electricity, clearly labelled commercial/industrial three-phase electricity meters of billing quality should be used. Watt-hour meters, current and voltage transformers shall be to appropriate Standard and Accuracy Class dependant on the rated capacity, as shown in Table GN15-1:Table GN15-1 – Classification of Electricity Metering EquipmentRated Capacity Watt-Hour MeterStandard and Accuracy ClassCurrentTransformerAccuracyClass(Note 1)VoltageTransformerAccuracyClass(Note 2)NominalOverallUncertaintyfor CHPQA(Note 3)>100 MVA BS EN 60687:1993 Class 0.2S0.2S 0.2 ±0.5%<100 MVA BS EN 60687:1993 Class 0.5SorBS EN 60521:1995 Class 0.50.2S 0.5 ±1.0%<10 MVA BS EN 61036:1997 Class 1orBS EN 60521:1995 Class 10.5 1 ±1.5%≤1 MW BS EN 61036:1997 Class 2orBS EN 60521:1995 Class 20.5 1 ±2.5%Notes(1) CTs to IEC 60044-1 (1996) or IEC 60185 (withdrawn) for installations pre-1996(2) VTs to IEC 60044-2 (2000) or IEC 60186 (1987) plus Amendments 1 & 2(3) The actual uncertainty is influenced by power factor and metered load (percent ofrated measuring current). The nominal values tabulated shall be used to assessthe excess uncertainty of metering systems (meters, current and voltagetransformers) that do not meet the applicable standard for their rated capacity. Mechanical PowerGN15.8Where prime movers or secondary steam turbines are used to produceexternal mechanical power, direct measurement of the power output is not possible and it must be established by indirect calculation methods.GN15.9Where possible, the calculation shall be from the driver side, i.e. for an engineor gas turbine, by energy balance from the fuel inputs and estimated lossesor, for a steam turbine from the steam flow and its inlet and exit conditions.Where this is not possible, a calculation from the driven side is required. Sometimes, steam turbines are installed alongside electric motor drives forthe same duty. In this case trials using the motor-driven machine may providethe required information (see GN22).Exported PowerGN15.10All electricity meters, including export electricity meters, must be declared in Form F2.GN15.11Only the total Power generated (MWh) during the Self-Assessment period is required to perform a Self-Assessment of quality. However, information on the Power imported and exported is also required for Government statistics and will similarly be subject to Verification and Audit. Sales from an Energy Services Company to a single host site are not counted as exported. Sales to a second customer (whether or not heat is also supplied to that customer) are considered exports.GN15.12A detailed breakdown of exported power to non-residential customers is not part of the Self-Assessment for CHPQA Certification and will not be subject to Verification and Audit. However, this information is required for new or upgraded schemes requesting a Certificate for Energy Efficiency and by Government for the collation of annual energy statistics. Applicants who complete this information will not need to be sent a separate survey form by the Department of Trade and Industry as part of the Annual Inquiry into Electricity Generation. The Electricity Act (1989), Section 98, allows the Secretary of State to require certain information from any licensed or licence-exempt generator or supplier on such matters as the quantity of electricity generated by particular methods, or fuels used, or electricity transferred or supplied. Most of this information will have been supplied as part of the Self-Assessment for CHPQA, but some items, such as the breakdown of electricity exported to each customer, are not required for Self-Assessment for CHPQA Certification.GN15.13Sales should be recorded as: sold direct to a member of the same qualifying group (see Licence and Licence Exemption Orders for definition of ‘Qualifying Group’); sold direct to another customer outside the Qualifying Group; sold to a supplier for onward sale.GN15.14Sales of exported power to Residential Users should not be disaggregated. Residential Users should be treated as a single customer, and the total sales recorded (see GN30.4 for a definition of Residential User or Residential Use).。