暨南大学_706外语(英)水平考试2011--2016_考研真题／硕士研究生入学考试试题

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暨南大学2016考研真题之211翻译硕士英语

暨南大学2016考研真题之211翻译硕士英语考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Whenever possible, Ina ________ how well she speaks Japanese.A. shows upB. shows aroundC. shows offD. shows out2. As the director can’t come to the reception, I’m representing the company________.A. on his accountB. on his behalfC. for his partD. in his interest3. The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight ________ are.A. paymentsB. chargesC. fundsD. prices4. The ball ________ two or three times before rolling down the slope.A. swayedB. bouncedC. hoppedD. darted5. He has been transferred to the University of Maryland Medical Center and is waiting to ________ surgery.A. undergoB. unfoldC. underestimateD. undertake6. We hold these truths to be self-_______: that all men are created equal.A. essentialB. eternalC. evidentD. exquisite7. The bear clawed the hunter within _______ of his life.A. closeB. reachC. a spaceD. an inch8. The third candidate is a ________. She’s new to politics and is just beginning her campaign.A. white elephantB. dark horseC. sleeperD. big hit9. We go to the Summer Palace on foot ________.A. on purposeB. on occasionsC. on behalfD. on trial10. It was cloudy this morning, but it ________ fine.A. turned onB. turned overC. turned upD. turned out11. In his ________ to further knowledge of the universe, man has now begun to explore space.A. attemptB. expeditionC. trialD. chase12. The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived at our ________ almost two hours later.A. designationB. destinyC. destinationD. dignity13. The nuclear family ________ a self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.A. refers toB. definesC. describesD. devotes to14. Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that elderly Americans are ________ by social isolation and loneliness.A. reproachedB. favoredC. plaguedD. reprehended15. The Pacific island attracts shoals of tourists with its rich ________ of folk arts.A. heritageB. heredityC. heroismD. hermitage16. It is imperative that students ________ their term papers on time.A. handing inB. handed inC. hand inD. would hand in17. An old woman was badly hurt in ________ the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whatever18. ________ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.A. If walkingB. While walkingC. WalkingD. When one is walking19. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well boys ________ to go to school.A. to be encouragedB. been encouragedC. being encouragedD. be encouraged20. Joan didn’t go to the party last night because she ________ the baby for her sister until 9:30.A. must have looked afterB. would have to looked afterC. had to look afterD. should have looked after21. We are going to London next month. This will be the first time I________ there.A. have traveledB. travelC. will travelD. am traveling22. John is ________ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. no so23. Americans eat ________ as they actually need every day.A. twice as much proteinB. twice protein as much twiceC. twice protein as muchD. protein as twice much24. Who ________ was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?A. you saidB. did you sayC. did you say thatD. you did say25. She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ________?A. hadn’t sheB. hasn’t sheC. wouldn’t sheD. didn’t she26. ________ you ________ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.A. If; hadB. Have; hadC. Should; haveD. In case; had27. ________ we wish him prosperous, we have objections to his ways of obtaining wealth.A. Much asB. As muchC. More asD.As well as28. Among the first to come and live in North America ________, who later prospered mainly in New England.A. had been Dutch settlersB. Dutch settlers were thereC. were Dutch settlersD. Dutch settlers had been there29. _______ there was an epidemic approaching, Mr. Smith ________ the invitation to visit that area.A. If he knew; would have declinedB. If he had known; would declineC. Had he known; would declineD. Had he known; would have declined30. In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could ________.A. hear somebody mournB. hear somebody mourningC. hear somebody mournedD. hear somebody had been mourningII. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are three passages followed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions. In Section B, there is one passage followed by a total of 5 short-answer questions. Read the passages and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A Multiple-Choice Questions (30%)Passage 1Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The head of the Library of Congress is to name Donald Hall, a writer whose deceptively simple language builds on images of the New England landscape, as the nation’s 14th poet laureate today.Mr. Hall，a poet in the distinctive American tradition of Robert Frost, has also been a harsh critic of the religious right’s influence on government arts policy. And as a member of the advisory council of the National Endowment for the Arts during the administration of George H. W. Bush, he referred to those he thought were interfering with arts grants as “bullies and art bashers”.He will succeed Ted Kooser, the Nebraskan who has been the poet laureate since 2004.The announcement of Mr. Hall’s appointment is to be made by James H. Billington, the Librarian of Congress. Mr. Billington said that he chose Mr. Hall because of “the sustained quality of his poetry, the reach and the variety of things he talks about”. Like Mr. Kooser, Mr. Billington said, “Mr. Hall evokes a sense of place. ”Mr. Hall, 77, lives in a white clapboard farmhouse in Wilmot, N. H., that has been in his family for generations. He said in a telephone interview that he didn’t see the poet laureateship as a bully pulpit. “But it’s apulpit anyway,”he said. “If I see First Amendment violations, I will speak up.’’Mr. Hall is an extremely productive writer who has published about 18 books of poetry, 20 books of prose and 12 children’s books. He has won many awards, including a national Book Critics Circle Award in 1989 for “The One Day”，a collection.In recent years much of his poetry has been preoccupied with the death of his wife, the poet Jane Kenyon, in 1995.Robert Pinsky, who was poet laureate from 1997 to 2000 said he welcomed Mr. Hall’s appointment，especially in light of his previous outspokenness about politics and arts. “There is something nicely symbolic，and maybe surprising,”Mr. Pinsky said, “that they have selected someone who has taken a stand for freedom.”The position carries an award of $35,000 and $5,000 travel allowance. It usually lasts a year, though poets are sometimes reappointed.31. Donald Hall ________.A. uses simple English to express the images of the New England landscapeB. dislikes the idea of impacting government by the right side of the religionC. is the 14th poet laureate appointed by the CongressD. is a member of the advisory council of the National Endowment for the Arts32. James H. Billington ________.A. likes the poems with great depth and widthB. speaks highly of poems in simple English rather than complex onesC. prefers the poems with sustained style and expressionD. likes the poems with the knowledge of various things33. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Mr. Hall has published many books and magazines on poems.B. Mr. Hall is a critic of literature in the U. S.C. Mr. Hall has got many prizes for his talents in writing.D. Mr. Hall has got support from his predecessors.34. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Mr. Hall loves his wife very much.B. Mr. Hall takes the new appointment for granted.C. Mr. Hall has got great ideas from his wife.D. Mr. Hall may hold the position for another year.35. What is the best title for the passage?A. A Guard for Politics and ArtsB. A New Poet LaureateC. A Representative for FreedomD. The Winning of a PoetPassage 2Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We don’t always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don’t mean anything except “I’m letting off some steam. I don’t really want you to pay closeattention to what I’m saying. Just pay attention to what I’m feeling.”Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, “This step has to be fixed before I’ll buy.”The owner says, “It’s been like that for years.”Actually, the step hasn’t been like that for years, but the unspoken message is: “I don’t want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can’t you?”The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed through examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior. A friend’s unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says “No!”to a serials of charges like “You’re dumb,”“You’re lazy,”and “You’re dishonest,”may also say “No!”and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is “And you’re good looking.”We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, “If sure has been nice to have you over,”can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.36. Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners, if ________.A. they use proper words to carry their ideasB. they both speak truly of their own feelingsC. they try to understand each other’s ideas beyond wordsD. they are capable of associating meaning with their words37. “I’m letting off some steam”in paragraph 1 means ________.A. I’m just calling your attentionB. I’m just kiddingC. I’m just saying the oppositeD. I’m just giving off some sound38. The house-owner’s example shows that he actually means ________.A. the step has been like that for yearsB. he doesn’t think it necessary to fix the stepC. the condition of the step is only a minor faultD. the cost involved in the fixing should be shared39. Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if ________.A. linked to an abnormal amount of assertivenessB. seen as one’s habitual pattern of behaviorC. taken as part of an ordering sequenceD. expressed to a series of charges40. The word “ritualistically”in the last paragraph equals something done ________.A. without true intentionB. light-heartedlyC. in a way of ceremonyD. with less emphasisPassage 3Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Cellular slime molds are extraordinary life forms that exhibit features of both fungi and protozoa, although often classed for convenience with fungi. At one time they were regarded as organisms of ambiguous taxonomic status, but more recent analysis of DNA sequences has shown that slime molds should be regarded as inhabiting their own separate kingdom.Their uniqueness lies in their unusual life cycle, which alternates between a feeding stage in which the organism is essentially unicellular and a reproductive stage in which the organism adopts a multicellular structure. At the first stage they are free-living, separate amoebae, usually inhabiting the forest floor and ingesting bacteria found in rotting wood, dung, or damp soil. But their food supplies are relatively easily exhausted since the cells’movements are restricted and their food requirements rather large.When the cells become starved of nutrition, the organism initiates a new genetic program that permits the cells to eventually find a new, food-rich environment. At this point, the single-celled amoebae combine together to form what will eventually become a multicellular creature. The mechanism by which the individual members become a single entity is essentially chemical in nature. At first, a few of the amoebae start to produce periodic chemical pulses that are detected, amplified, and relayed to the surrounding members, which then move toward the pulse origin. In time, these cells form many streams of cells, which then come together to form a single hemispherical mass. This mass sticks together through the secretion of adhesion molecules.The mass now develops a tip, which elongates into a finger-like structure of about 1 or 2 millimeters in length. This structure eventually falls over to form a miniature slug, moving as a single entity orienting itself toward light. During this period the cells within the mass differentiate into two distinct kinds of cell. Some become prestalk cells, which later form into a vertical stalk, and others form prespore cells, which become the spore head.As the organism migrates, it leaves behind a track of slime rather like a garden slug. Once a favorable location has been found with a fresh source of bacteria to feed on, the migration stops and the colonymetamorphoses into a fungus-like organism in a process known as “culmination.”The front cells turn into a stalk, and the back cells climb up the stalk and form a spherical-shaped head, known as the sorocarp. This final fruiting body is about 2 millimeters in height. The head develops into spores, which are dispersed into the environment and form the next generation of amoebae cells. Then the life cycle is repeated. Usually the stalk disappears once the spores have been released.The process by which the originally identical cells of the slime mold become transformed into multicellular structures composed of two different cell types—spore and stalk—is of great interest to developmental biologists since it is analogous to an important process found in higher organisms in which organs with highly specialized functions are formed from unspecialized stem cells. Early experiments showed which parts of the slime mold organism contributed to the eventual stalk and which parts to the head. Scientists stained the front part of a slug with a red dye and attached it to the back part of a different slug. The hybrid creature developed as normal. The experimenters then noted that the stalk of the fruiting body was stained red and that the spore head was unstained. Clearly, the anterior part of the organism culminated in the stalk and the posterior part in the spore head. Nowadays, experiments using DNA technology and fluorescentproteins or enzymes to label the prespore and prestalk cells have been undertaken. This more molecular approach gives more precise results than using staining dyes but has essentially backed up the results of the earlier dye studies.41. How the slime should be classified used to be _________.A. unknownB. uncertainC. controversialD. unfamiliar42. According to the passage, what is unusual about the slime molds’life cycle?A. They inhabit their own kingdom.B. They are organisms whose classification is ambiguous.C. They alternate between unicellular and multicellular structures.D. They are free-living organisms.43. All of the followings are mentioned in the text as being parts of the multicellular slug EXCEPT ________.A. the headB. the stalkC. legsD. spores44. Why does the author refer to the fungus-like organism as a fruiting body?A. Because it has become one entity.B. Because it is 2 millimeters in height.C. Because it now has a stalk and head.D. Because it has reached its reproductive stage.45. According to the passage, the recent DNA studies _________.A. give similar results to the dye studiesB. contradict the dye studiesC. are less exact than the dye studiesD. have introduced confusion about the dye study resultsSection B Short-Answer Questions (10%)Passage 4Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Barry Schwartz did not expect to feel inspired on a clothes-shopping trip. “I avoid buying jeans; I wear one pair until it falls apart,”says Schwartz,an American psychology professor. “The last time I had bought a pair there had been just one style. But recently I was asked if I wanted this fit or that fit, or this color or that. I intended to be out shopping for five minutes but it took an hour, and I began to feel more and more dissatisfied.”This trip made him think: did more choice always mean greater satisfaction? “I’d always believed that choice was good, and more choice was better. My experience got me thinking: how many others felt like me?”The result was a widely discussed study that challenged the idea that more is always better. Drawing on the psychology of economics, which looks at how people choose what to buy, Schwartz designed a questionnaire to show the differences between what he termed‘maximisers’and ‘satisficers’. Broadly speaking, maximisers are keen to make the best possible choices, and often spend time researching to ensure that their purchases cannot be bettered. Satisficers are the easy-going people, delighted with items that are simply acceptable. Schwartz puts forward the view, which contrasts with what politicians and salesmen would have people believe, that the unstoppable growth in choice is in danger of ruining lives. “I’m not saying no choice is good. But the average person makes at least 200 decisions every day, and I don’t think there’s room for any more.”His study may help to explainthe peculiar paradox of the wealthy West—psychologists and economists are puzzled by the fact that people have not become happier as they have become richer. In fact, the ability to demand whatever is wanted whenever it is wanted has instead led to rising expectations. The search for perfection can be found in every area of life from buying soap powder to selecting a career. Certain decisions may automatically close off other choices, and some people are then upset by the thought of what else might have been. Schwartz says, “If you make a decision and it’s disappointing, don’t worry about it, it may actually have been a good decision, just not as good as you had hoped.”One fact that governments need to think about is that people seem more inclined to buy something if there are fewer, not more, choices. If that’s true for jeans, then it is probably true for cars, schools and pension funds. “If there are few options, the world doesn’t expect you to make the perfect decision. But when there are thousands it’s hard not to think there’s a perfect one out there, and that you’ll find it if you look hard enough.”If you think that Internet shopping will help, think again：”You want to buy something and you look at three websites. How long will it take to look at one more? Two minutes? It’s only a click. Before you know it you’ve spent three hours trying to decide which £10 item to buy. It’scrazy. You’ve used another evening that you could have spent with your friends.”Schwartz, who describes himself as a natural satisficer, says that trying to stop our tendency to be maximisers will make us happier. “The most important recommendation I can give is to lower personal expectations,”he says. “But no one wants to hear this because they all believe that perfection awaits the wise decision maker. Life isn’t necessarily like that.”46. Why may some advice be rejected?47. What confuses experts according to the passage?48. What can be the emotional effect of the result of making a choice?49. How was Schwartz’s research undertaken?50. How can personality be defined in the text?III. Writing (30%)Directions:In this part you are going to write an essay of about400-500 words within 60 minutes on the topic as follows. Write your response on the Answer Sheet.TopicSome people think that cultural traditions will be destroyed if they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others, however, believe that is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on the issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.。

2012年暨南大学英语语言文学706外语水平硕士研究生入学考试真题

考试科目：外语（英）水平考试共 10 页第 1 页2012年暨南大学英语语言文学706外语水平硕士研究生入学考试真题 *********************************************************************学科、专业名称：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学研究方向：各方向研究方向：各方向考试科目名称：外语（英）水平考试水平考试考试科目代码：706 考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

Part I Grammar and Vocabulary (30 points)Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or best explains the underlined word. Write your answer onto the answer sheet.1. Money and beauty, fame and status, ______ for quite a long time vanished in the blink of an eye.A. he had possessedB. that he had possessedC. and he had possessedD. those he had possessed 2. A series of high technology products ______ in the exhibition.A. has been laid outB. have been laid outC. has laid outD. have laid out 3. The teacher, along with all his students, ______ have a picnic this weekend.A. are going toB. is going toC. they willD. who will 4. The Titanic turned just in time, ______ the immense wall of ice.A. narrow missedB. narrow missingC. narrowly missedD. narrowly missing 5._______, ideas can be expressed accurately and effectively. A. Used simple sentencesB. Using simple sentencesC. You use simple sentencesD. Use simple sentences 6. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, _______.A. all of them were over 600 years oldB. all of whom were over 600 years oldC. all of them over 600 years oldD. all of that was over 600 years old 7. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______.A. their parents seat together jokingB. their parents seated together jokingC. their parents seating together jokingD. their parents were seated together joking 8. I programmed my computer to scan for viruses _________.A. every time it turns onB. every time when it turns onC. every time turning onD. every time turned on9. Food is to men _______.A. like oil is to machineB. as oil to machineC. oil is to machineD. what oil is to machine10. _______ may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.A. A fashion differs from country to countryB. That fashion differs from country to countryC. This Fashion differs from country to countryD. The fashion differs from country to country11. _______ is the lotus plants growing in the water.A. What makes the river more beautifulB. That makes the river more beautifulC. Making the river more beautifulD. Made the river more beautiful12. Jack rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match ________.A. when he is only sixteen years oldB. when being only sixteen years oldC. when only sixteen years oldD. when been only sixteen years old13. _______, he was quickly forgotten.A. After he had defeated by JacksonB. He was defeated by JacksonC. After defeated by JacksonD. After defeated Jackson14. No one can settle the question _______.A. whether the new rule should be adoptedB. that the new rule should be adoptedC. what the new rule should be adoptedD. the new rule should be adopted15. The lights were high up on the cliffs ________.A. , thus she knew she was near the shoreB. thus she knew she was near the shoreC. , thus, she knew she was near the shoreD. ; thus, she knew she was near the shore16. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual.A. recordsB. speedsC. distancesD. periods17. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized todayA. valuedB. universalC. uncommonD. preserved18．They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group.A. avoid repeatingB. talk aboutC. avoid thinking aboutD. find a solution for19. Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated tangled masses.A. buried beneathB. twisted togetherC. quickly formedD. easily dated20. The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust.A. highlightedB. coveredC. transformedD. contaminated21. The ocean bottom --- a region nearly 2. 5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth --- is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted, until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep.A. unrecognizableB. unreachableC. unusableD. unsafe22. The DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.A. breakingB. locatingC. removingD. analyzing23. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada's population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase.A. newB. extraC. acceleratingD. surprising24. When the prairies were being settled, undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950's supported a growth in the population, but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families.A. tendencyB. aimC. growthD. directive25. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century.A. surpassedB. inclinedC. expressedD. applied26. The purpose of an advertisement is to make people respond --- to make them react ______ an idea, such as helping to prevent forest fires, or to make them want to buy a certain product or service.A. againstB. withC. toD. for27. To find proof, you have only to _______ a magazine or newspaper or count the radio or television commercials that you hear in one evening.A. put upB. keep upC. take overD. leaf through28. Whatever the government and parents decide, though, it is really the children whohave to ______ their decisions!A. live up toB. live toC. live withD. live on29. To communicate, the man often resorts ______ body language.A. toB. intoC. overD. with30. Motives or reasons for changing careers vary widely, but many people movebecause they feel stale or ______ a grinding or dull routine.A. bound toB. fed up withC. filled withD. accustomed toPart II Proof-reading and Error Correction (10 points)Directions:Proofread the given passage as instructed. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word Underline the wrong and write the correct one inthe blank provided on the answer sheet.For a missing word Mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign and write the word you believe to be missingin the blank provided on the answer sheet.For an unnecessary word Cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” andput the word in the blank provided on the answersheet.The misfortunes of human beings may be divided into two classes: Firstly, those inflicted by the non-human environment and, second, those inflicted by other people. As mankinds haveprogressed in knowledge and technique, the second class has become continually increasing percentage of the total. In old times, famine, for example, was due to natural causes, although people did their best to combat it, large numbers of them died of starvation. At the present moment large parts of the world are faced the threat of famine, but although natural causes have contributed to the situation, the principal causes are human. For six years the civilized nations of the world devoted all their best energies to kill each other, and they find it difficult suddenly to switch over to keeping each other live. Having destroyed harvests, dismantled agricultural machinery, and disorganized shipping, they find it no easy matter to relieve the shortage of crops in one place by mean of a superabundance in another, as would easily be done if the economic system was in normal working order. As this illustration shows, it is now man that is man's worst enemy. Nature, it is true, still sees to that we are mortal, but with the progress in medicine it will become more and more common for people to live until they have had their fill of life. We are supposed to wish to live for ever and to look forward to the unending joys of heaven, of which, by miracle, the monotony will never grow stale. But in fact, if you question any candid person who is no longer young, he is very likely to tell you that, having tasted life in this world, he has no wish to begin again as a 'new boy' in another. For the future, therefore, it may be taken that much the most important evils that mankind have to consider are those which they inflict each other through stupidity or malevolence or both.1. _________2. _________3. _________4. _________5. _________6. _________7. _________8. _________9. _________10. ________Part III Cloze (20 points) Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) at the end of the passage. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Nowadays, more people are living closer together, and they use machines to produce leisure. As a result, they find that their leisure, and even their working hours, become (1)_____ by a byproduct of their machines, (2)_____, noise. Noise is in the news; it has acquired political (3)_____, and public opinion is demanding, more and more (4)_____, that something (5)_____ about it.To control noise is to demand much (6)_____ (annoyance arises often from (7)_____ of common courtesy), a sense of proportion (there is usually a (8)_____ of interest if a noise is to be stopped), the (9)_____ of money (and it is far more economical to do this early (10)_____ than late), and, finally, technical knowledge.Though the (11)_____ cure for noise is to stop it at its source, this may in many (12)_____ be impossible. The next (13)_____ is to absorb it on its way to the ear. Domestic noises may be controlled by forethought and (14)_____, and industrial noises by good planning and technical (15)_____. But if we are going to (16)_____ fast motor-cycles and heavy (17)_____ lorries to pass continuously through residential and business (18)_____, the community must decide (19)_____ the control it needs to (20)_____, for in the long run it has got to pay for it.1. a. damaged b. spoilt c. destroyed d. interfered2. a. unexpectedly b. namely c. ideally d. swiftly3. a. standard b. status c. position d. situation4. a. persistently b. permanently c. insistently d. stubbornly5. a. be done b. to be done c. is done d. being done6. a. self-confidence b. self-reliance c. self-discipline d. self-respect7. a. reason b. lack c. virtue d. deficiency8. a. controversy b. contrast c. contradiction d. conflict9. a. accumulation b. expenditure c. depreciation d. distribution10. a. other b. more c. rather d. better11. a. hopeful b. definite c. ideal d. expected12. a. cases b. conditions c. presentations d. circumstances13. a. remedy b. solution c. method d. procedure14. a. courtesy b. meditation c. politeness d. precaution15. a. perfection b. improvement c. acknowledgement d. adoption16. a. allow b. let c. prohibit d. approve17. a. decent b. diesel c. decibel d. datum18. a. regions b. districts c. zones d. territories19. a. for b. at c. with d. on20. a. practice b. exercise c. obtain d. acquirePart IV Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions:In this part of the test there are three reading passages followed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on the answer sheet.Passage 1As the 21st century begins, a number of leaders in politics, education, and other professions believe that the United States must adopt some new values to go along the older traditional ones. What new values should Americans adopt? This is a very difficult question to answer. Certainly, a greater value should be placed on the conservation of natural sources; Americans should learn to use less and waste less. But conservation has never been a strong value to Americans, who have believed that their country offered an endless, abundant supply of natural resources. Recently, progress has been made progress has been made –– more and more Americans are recycling their paper, cans, bottles, and other goods bottles, and other goods –– but old wasteful habits die hard. Furthermore, their need to protect the environment may conflict with the need for job, as in the Northwest, where conservationists battle lumber companies that want to cut down ancient redwood trees. A belief in the value of conservation is still weak compared with other American values; it can become stronger only as Americans see the need for it more clearly.In addition, Americans may need to place a stronger value on cooperation on a national scale to achieve important national objective. The American idea of the national good has never been based on national cooperation but rather on the freedom of the individual, maintaining those conditions that provide the greatest freedom and prosperity for the individual. It is far more difficult for Americans to accept shared sacrifice for the common good and wellbeing of the entire country. For example, although the majority of Americans believe that is extremely important to balance the national budget and reduce the deficit, they do not want to see cuts in government programs that benefit them personally.The American value of competition also hinders the development of a spirit of national cooperation. Competition sometimes encourages feelings of suspicion rather than the mutual trust that is necessary for successful national cooperation. Although Americans often cooperate successfully on the local level – in neighborhood groups and churches, for example they become suspicious when the national government becomes involve. For example, on the national level, they may see themselves as part of an interest group that is competing with other interest groups for government funds. A request by the national government for shared sacrifice may be seen as coercive and destructive rather than voluntary and constructive. However, the demands of the 21st century may compel Americans to place a greater value on national cooperation to solve problems that affect them all, directly or indirectly. 1. What new values should Americans adopt?A. Conservation and cooperation.B. Cooperation and competitionC. The need for jobs.D. The freedom of the individual.2. Which of the following is NOT the reason that conservation has never been a strong value?A. Americans stick to old wasteful habits.B. Americans believe their country is abundant with natural resources.C. Many people will lose their jobs on account of conservation.D. It is difficult to recycle paper, cans, bottles and other goods.the national good”” in the second paragraph probably means in ““the national goodgood”” in3. The wordThe word ““good__________.A. virtueB. contributionC. benefitD. property4. The foundation of the American idea of the national good is __________.A. national cooperationB. the freedom of the individualC. shared sacrificeD. mutual trust5. The author writes the passage __________.A. to list the new values the United States must adoptB. to explain the necessity to adopt new valuesC. to tell the reader it is impossible to adopt new valuesD. to state that new values have replaced the ole onesPassage 2People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.Sam’’s First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must see thatthere is a problem with his bicycle.Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully.After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for apossible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem.by trial and error”” means __________.As used in the first paragraph, the phrase ““by trial and error6. As used in the first paragraph, the phraseA. refer to othersB. by accidentC. consult teachersD. through experiments7. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?A. People do not always analyze the problem they meet.B. People often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.C. People may learn from their past experience.D. People cannot solve some problems they meet.8. In analyzing a problem we should do all the following EXCEPT __________.A. recognize and define the problemB. look for information to make the problem clearerC. have suggestions for a possible solutionD. find a solution by trial and errors purpose of referring to Sam’’s broken bicycle?What is the author’’s purpose of referring to Sam9. What is the authorA. To illustrate the ways to repair his bicycle.B. To discuss the problems of his bicycle.C. To tell us how to solve a problem.D. To show us how to analyze a problem.10. What is the best title for this passage?A. How to Recognize and Define Problems.B. Six Stages for Repairing Bicycles.C. Stages of Problem Analysis.D. Analyzing a Problem by YourselfPassage 3doesn’’t give up – evenSomers’’s persistence. She doesnWe have to admire Suzanne Somerswhen virtually the entire medical community is lined up against her. Three years ago, Somers wrote a best-selling book called The Sexy Years in which she promoted so-called bioidentical hormones as a more natural alternative to hormones produced by drug companies for menopausal women. Somers, now 60, claimed that these individually prepared doses of estrogen and other hormones, sold via the Internet or by compounding pharmacies, made her look and feel half her age. As the popularity of bioidenticals soared, major medical organizations like the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists grew so alarmed that they mounted publicity campaigns to convince Somers’’s readers that these alternative treatments, which are campaigns to convince Somershaven’’t been proven safe or more effective usually custom made for each patient, haventhan traditional hormone therapy for symptoms like hot flashes.This month Somers is at it again wit her latest book, Ageless. Subtitled The Naked Truth About Bioidentical Hormones, the cover features a coquettish shot of the actress unclothed from the collarbone up. Inside, she calls bioidenticals “the juice of youth”” and also promotes the questionable dosage advice of a former actress and of youthindependent researcher”” named T. S. Wiley who thinks menopausal women should “independent researcherhave as much estrogen in their bodies as 20-year-olds. Now, even some fo the pro-bioidentical doctors Somers quotes in her books are screaming foul. “Many of the claims throughout the book are scientifically unproven and dangerous,” three of these doctors assert in a letter sent a few weeks ago to Somers’’s publisher, Crown. these doctors assert in a letter sent a few weeks ago to Somerswoman’’s Somers adamantly defends her book and bioidentical. “From a womanstandpoint, this is the first time we standpoint, this is the first time we’’ve gotten some relief in a non-drug way,” she says in an interview with NEWSWEEK. “Doctors are embarrassed that they don Doctors are embarrassed that they don’’t know about this.this.”” Somers says. “When doctors don’t have an answer, they like to pooh-pooh it.pooh-pooh it.””The word bioidentical is a marketing term, not a scientific one, and it means different things to different people. To most doctors, bioidentical refers to a wide variety of FDA-approved drugs that are virtually identical to the hormones produced by women by women’’s ovaries. They come in many forms and doses, some of which have been used for years. Somers uses the term to refer to made-to-order treatments created by compounding pharmacies with dosages usually determined by the results of blood tests every two weeks (the method Somers herself uses), or regular saliva tests, a method most experts say is an unreliable way to measure a women women’’s specific hormone needs. Somers claims that she is so “in touch in touch”” with her body with her body’’s needs that she can she can ““tweak tweak”” her hormones even without the benefit of these tests.Proponents of Somers Somers’’s program say only hormones prepared specifically for each woman can meet her unique needs. But since the Women ’s Health Initiative, the FDA has approved many new hormone products, including some in very low doses. While the FDA process isn isn’’t perfect, it it’’s certainly better than what consumers get with compounding products: no black box warning about side effects, no package insert, no data on relative safety, no check on advertising claims and no manufacturing oversight.Somers says these custom-made treatments are natural and not really drugs. That That’’s just not true. Biodenticals may start out as wild yams or soybeans, but by the time this plant matter has been converted into hormone therapy, it is in fact a drug. All of these products All of these products –– whether or not they whether or not they’’re approved by the FDA – are chemicals synthesized in a lab. Another thing you should know: there are only a few labs in the world that synthesized these hormones. Everyone – from small compounding pharmacies to big pharmaceutical companies - gets their ingredients from the same places.Somers argues that bioidenticals are safer than FDA-approved hormones even though there are no high-quality studies to prove that assertion. In the absence of any reliable research to the contrary, most women women’’s health experts ay it it’’s prudent to assume that all hormone products (FDA-approved or not) carry the same heart disease and cancer risks.11. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that __________.A. bioidentical hormones don bioidentical hormones don’’t live up the typeB. many women show zeal for boidentical hormonesC. experts will ask for the ban on bioidentical hormonesD. many people worry about the safety of bioidenticals12. Which of the following statements is TRUE about some doctors Somers quotes inher books? A. Some doctors turn to support Somers Some doctors turn to support Somers’’s bioidenticals.B. Some doctors were in favor of Somers Some doctors were in favor of Somers’’s bioidenticals.C. Suzanne Somers Suzanne Somers’’s new book has some doctors crying good.D. Some doctors wrote a letter to the magazine named Crown.13. The word The word ““pooh-pooh pooh-pooh”” in the third paragraph probably means __________.A. disdainB. loatheC. disregard D absolute neutrality14. The author The author’’s attitude towards bioidentical hormones is __________. A. strong disapproval B. slight disapprovalC logical paradox D. absolute neutrality15. According to the author, all the following are the traits of compounding productsEXCEPT __________.A. no scientific data on its safetyB. no surveillance of the advertisementC. no account of therapeutic effectsD. no supervision on the productionPart V Translation (30 points)Section A Chinese to English (15 points) Translate the following into English. Write your translation on the answer sheet.公款吃喝，上有禁令，下有批评。

2011英语综合华侨大学英语专业考研真题

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暨南大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案

暨南大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案历年真题是最权威的，最直接了解各专业考研的复习资料，考生要重视和挖掘其潜在价值，尤其是现在正是冲刺复习阶段，模拟题和真题大家都要多练多总结，下面分享暨南大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案，方便考生使用。

暨南大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案I. Phrase Translation (30 points)1. Big Ben: (伦敦英国议会大厦钟楼上的)大本钟; 大笨钟2. CPI: 居民消费价格指数(Consumer Price Index);消费者物价指数3. Culture shock: 文化冲击，文化震惊(突然处于一个与前大不相同的社会和文化环境中因而感到困惑、忧虑、烦恼的心情)4. FIFA: 国际足球联盟(Federation Internationale de Football Association)5. FOB: 离岸价(free on board);离岸价格6. Force majeure: 不可抗力7. Intellectual property rights: 知识产权8. Language Acquisition Device: 语言习得装置;语言习得机制9. Weapons of mass destruction: 大规模毁灭性武器10. National Security Council: 美国国家安全委员会11. NASDAQ: 全国证券交易商协会自动报价表(National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation); 美国纳斯达克12. Swine flu: 猪流感13. Word processing system: 文字处理系统14. Wuthering Heights: 《呼啸山庄》(艾米莉·勃朗特于1848年出版的一本小说)15. The Christian Science Monitor: 《基督科学箴言报》(是美国的一份国际性日报。

暨南大学211翻译硕士英语2011--2019年考研专业课真题

2019年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A卷）********************************************************************************************学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer thatbest completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Education and work can be restructured to teach and ______ the skills of concentration and focus.A. proposeB. propagateC. propelD. proceed2. It's difficult to _________ the demands of my job and the desire to be a good father.A. reconcileB. combineC. relateD. integrate3. Break out of this guilt and let yourself ________ in your sense of accomplishment for what you have gotten done instead of what there is still to do.A. absorbB. indulgeC. involveD. relish4. For this, we never ________ the use of force, as it is common aspiration and sacred mission of the people of China to safeguard China’s sovereignty and also to reunify our motherland.A. declareB. renounceC. announceD. claim5. Because of his adventures, he is a person of far greater experience and ________.A. resourcefulnessB. resourcesC. considerationsD. thoughtfulness6. If a machine, railway line, or bridge is ________, it is deliberately damaged or destroyed, for example, in a war or as a protest.A. explodedB. bombedC. bombardedD. sabotaged7. Even if we could collect most of what we gave out – which we can't – a scant _______ of high-powered weapons in the hands of bad actors can be disastrous in a place where government control is weak.A. amountB. volumeC. handfulD. number8. Study the contract thoroughly and carefully, ________ your duties and what happens if you break the contract.A. scrutinizeB. watchC. observeD. keep9. Half of those surveyed say that the penalty should be as severe as ________ for drunk driving.A. theseB. thoseC. thisD. that10. If you describe someone as ________, you disapprove of them because they are too proud of their social status, intelligence, or taste.A. arrogantB. snobbishC. conceitedD. contemptuous11. If Albert Einstein lived today, he would be surprised by what _______ in science and technology.A had discovered B. had been discoveredC. has discovered.D. has been discovered.12. ---- Your sister nearly devoted all her time to her course during the three years.---- That’s right, or she _________ the first place in her school in the 2018 College Entrance Examination.A. wouldn’t takeB. wouldn’t have takenC. hadn’t takenD. couldn’t take13. The country has sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launched14. A whale is _______ a fish _______ a horse is.A. no more, thanB. no rather, thanC. not more, thanD. not, rather than15. Fortunately, a British games and advertising company, Captive Media,has ________ a solution to cope with the situation.A. come offB. come up withC. come overD. come on16. While governments and companies should take ________ measures to stop abuse, attempts to control the Internet is not the simple solution.A. sentimentalB. sensitiveC. sensationalD. sensible17. I'm sure I'm not alone in feeling anxious, ______ and worried when I don't have my phone with me.A. in edgeB. on edgeC. at edgeD. off edge18. What we are suggesting is that a population-wide ________ to reduce salt intake, even slightly, will have health benefits.A. effortB. affectC. effectD. efficacy19. Experts say that on a hot and humid day we can lose up to four litres of fluid through sweating and ________.A. inhalationB. exhalationC. expirationD. inspiration20. For a small number of us, extreme jealousy can lead to ________ behaviourlike stalking and it can also cause depression, ________ relationships and even kill.A. obsessing ... destroyingB. obsessive ... destroyC. obsession ... destructionD. obsessed... destroyed21. This is the last part of the hike now and it will be difficult. Let’s take a break to____________and then keep going.A. take ourselvesB. support ourselvesC. go ourselvesD. steady ourselves22. Hundreds of people turned ___ at Sophie's Hair when they saw an advert offeringfree haircuts _____ no strings attached.A. on ... atB. up ... withC. in ... onD. down ... of23. It found that the high rate of infant brain cell production could increase forgetfulness, because new cells ____________ existing mental circuits.A. interfere withB. add intoC. affect intoD. result from24. There's a new system in development which will make it possible to read the unique maps of veins under the surface of your finger, and use them to ___________ payments – or prove that it's you making the payments.A. realizeB. engageC. authenticateD. appreciate25. For the lucky few, there's the chance of being plucked from ___________ and thrown into the glamorous world of modeling.A. celebrityB. obscurityC. irritationD. integration26. In 2002, in an ____________ move in the European Union, Germany ________ some rights to animals in its constitution.A. incredible ... deliveredB. unbelievable ... relievedC. indecent ... tookD. unprecedented ... granted27. Around the world, girls do better than boys at school while in only three regions – Colombia, Costa Rica and the Indian state Himachal Pradesh –________________ with boys doing better.A. was reversed the trendB. was the trend reversedC. the trend was reversedD. reversed was the trend28. In Britain, the Equality Act of 2010 makes it _________ for organizations to make reasonable __________ for disabled people.A. obligatory ... developmentB. responsible ... changesC. mandatory ... adjustmentsD. significant ... technique29. A new project wants to use the power of science fiction to _______ people to create a better future.A. inspireB. umpireC. expireD. respire30. Why you are made to walk down many aisles to reach the everyday _________ at the back of the shop?A. essentialsB. essenceC. commodityD. baseII. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are three passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. In Section B, there aretwo passages followed by a total of 10 short-answer questions. Read thepassages and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A Multiple-Choice Questions (20%)Passage 1Questions 31 to 37 are based on the following passage.Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’s total receipts.Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting larger, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Business Investment Company or MESBIC. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBIC’s are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the “social responsibility approach” and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC’s and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course is followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.31.Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?A. The use of MESBIC’s for aiding minority entrepreneurs seems to have greaterpotential for success than does the original SBA approach.B. There is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of someMESBIC’s.C. After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses havebegun to expand at a steady rate.D. Minority entrepreneurs wishing to form new businesses now have several equallysuccessful federal programs on which to rely.32.According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differs from the SBA approach inthat MESBIC’sA. seek federal contracts to provide markets for minority businesses.B. encourage minority businesses to provide markets for other minority businesses.C. attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector.D. rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses.33.Which of the following does the author cite to support the conclusion that the resultsof the SBA program were disappointing?A. The small number of new minority enterprises formed as a result of the program.B. The small number of minority enterprises that took advantage of the management andtechnical assistance offered under the program.C. The small percentage of the nation’s business receipts earned by minority enterprisesfollowing the programs implementation.D. The small percentage of recipient minority enterprises that were able to repayfederally guaranteed loans made under the program.34.Which of the following statements about the SBA program can be inferred from thepassage?A. The maximum term for loans made to recipient businesses was 15 years.B. Business loans were considered to be more useful to recipient businesses than wasmanagement and technical assistance.C. The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was significantly lower than therate that actually resulted.D. Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable forbusiness development.35.The author’s primary objective in the passage is to ________.A. disprove the view that federal efforts to aid minority businesses have been ineffectiveB. explain how federal efforts to aid minority businesses have changed since the 1960’sC. establish a direct link between the federal efforts to aid minority businesses madebefore the 1960’s and those made in the 1980’sD. analyze the basis for the belief that job-specific experience is more useful to minoritybusinesses than is general management experience36.It can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of some MESBIC staff memberstoward the investments preferred by some MESBIC directors can best be described as A. disapproving B. defensiveC. shockedD. indifferent37.The passage provides information that would answer which of the followingquestions?A. What was the average annual amount, in dollars, of minority business receipts beforethe SBA strategy was implemented?B. What locations are considered to be unfavorable for minority businesses?C. What is the current success rate for minority businesses that are capitalized byMESBIC’s?D. How has the use of federal funding for minority businesses changed since the1960’s?Passage 2Questions 38 to 44 are based on the following passage.In 1977 the prestigious Ewha Women’s University in Seoul, Korea, announced the opening of the first women’s studies program in Asia. Few academic programs have ever received such public attention. In broadcast debates, critics dismissed the program as a betrayal of national identity, an imitation of Western ideas, and a distraction from the real task of national unification and economic development. Even supporters underestimated the program; they thought it would be merely another of the many Western ideas that had already proved useful in Asian culture, akin to airlines, electricity, and the assembly line. The founders of the program, however, realized that neither view was correct. They had some reservations about the applicability of Western feminist theories to the role of women in Asia and felt that such theories should be closely examined. Their approach has thus far yielded important critiques of Western theory, informed by the special experience of Asian women.For instance, like the Western feminist critique of the Freudian model of the human psyche, the Korean critique finds Freudian theory culture-bound, but in ways different from those cited by Western theorists. The Korean theorists claim that Freudian theory assumes the universality of the Western nuclear, male-headed family and focuses on the personality formation of the individual, independent of society. An analysis based on such assumptions could be valid for a highly competitive, individualistic society. In the Freudian family drama, family members are assumed to be engaged in a Darwinian struggle against each other—father against son and sibling against sibling. Such a concept projects the competitive model of Western society onto human personalities. But in the Asian concept of personality there is no ideal attached to individualism or to the independent self. The Western model of personality development does not explain major characteristics of the Korean personality, which is social and group-centered. The “self” is a social being defined by and acting in a group, and the well-being of both men andwomen is determined by the equilibrium of the group, not by individual self-assertion. The ideal is one of interdependency.In such a context, what is recognized as “dependency” in Western psychiatric terms is not, in Korean terms, an admission of weakness or failure. All this bears directly on the Asian perception of men’s and women’s psychology because men are also “dependent.” In Korean culture, men cry and otherwise easily show their emotions, something that might be considered a betrayal of masculinity in Western culture. In the kinship-based society of Korea, four generations may live in the same house, which means that people can be sons and daughters all their lives, whereas in Western culture, the roles of husband and son, wife and daughter, are often incompatible.38.Which of the following best summarizes the content of the passage?A. A critique of a particular women’s studies program.B. A report of work in social theory done by a particular women’s studies program.C. An assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a particular women’s studiesprogram.D. An analysis of the philosophy underlying women’s studies programs.339.It can be inferred from the passage that Korean scholars in the field of women’s studies undertook an analysis of Freudian theory as a response to which of thefollowing?A. Attacks by critics of the Ewha women’s studies program.B. The superficiality of earlier critiques of Freudian theory.C. The popularity of Freud in Korean psychiatric circles.D. Their assessment of the relevance and limitations of Western feminist theory withrespect to Korean culture.40.Which of the following conclusions about the introduction of Western ideas toKorean society can be supported by information contained in the passage?A. Except for technological innovations, few Western ideas have been successfullytransplanted into Korean society.B. The introduction of Western ideas to Korean society is viewed by some Koreans as achallenge to Korean identity.C. The development of the Korean economy depends heavily on the development ofnew academic programs modeled after Western programs.D. The extent to which Western ideas must be adapted for acceptance by Korean societyis minimal.41.It can be inferred from the passage that the position taken by some of the supportersof the Ewha women’s studies program was problematic to the founders of theprogram because those supporters ________.A. assumed that the program would be based on the uncritical adoption of WesterntheoryB. failed to show concern for the issues of national unification and economicdevelopmentC. were unfamiliar with Western feminist theoryD. were not themselves scholars in the field of women’s studies42.Which of the following statements is most consistent with the view of personalitydevelopment held by the Ewha women’s studies group?A. Personality development occurs in identifiable stages, beginning with dependency inchildhood and ending with independence in adulthood.B. Any theory of personality development, in order to be valid, must be universal.C. Personality development is influenced by the characteristics of the society in which aperson lives.D. Personality development is hindered if a person is not permitted to be independent.43.Which of the following statements about the Western feminist critique ofFreudian theory can be supported by information contained in the passage?A. It recognizes the influence of Western culture on Freudian theory.B. It was written after 1977.C. It acknowledges the universality of the nuclear, male-headed family.D. It challenges Freud’s analysis of the role of daughters in Western society.44.According to the passage, critics of the Ewha women’s studies program cited theprogram as a threat to which of the following?I.National identityII.National unificationIII.Economic developmentIV.Family integrityA. I onlyB. I and II onlyC. I, II, and III onlyD. II, III, and IV onlyPassage 3Questions 45 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlords’ income, despite the increase in rice production among theirtenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlords’ income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors (the nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary office-holding) as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover.It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained. Therefore, the Tokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources for revenue. Cash profits from government-owned mines were already on the decline because the most easily worked deposits of silver and gold had been exhausted, although debasement of the coinage had compensated for the loss. Opening up new farmland was a possibility, but most of what was suitable had already been exploited and further reclamation was technically unfeasible. Direct taxation of the samurai themselves would be politically dangerous. This left the shoguns only commerce as a potential source of government income.Most of the country’s wealth, or so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands of city merchants. It appeared reasonable that they should contribute part of that revenue to ease the shogun’s burden of financing the state. A means of obtaining such revenue was soon found by levying forced loans, known as goyo-kin; although these were not taxes in the strict sense, since they were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount, they were high in yield. Unfortunately, they pushed up prices. Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawa shoguns’ search for solvency for the government made it increasingly difficult for individual Japanese who lived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.45.Which of the following financial situations is most analogous to the financialsituation in which Japan’s Tokugawa shoguns found themselves in the eighteenth century?A. A small business borrows heavily to invest in new equipment, but is able to pay offits debt early when it is awarded a lucrative government contract.B. Fire destroys a small business, but insurance covers the cost of rebuilding.C. A small business is turned down for a loan at a local bank because the owners haveno credit history.D. A small business has to struggle to meet operating expenses when its profitsdecrease.46.According to the passage, the major reason for the financial problems experienced byJapan’s feudal overlords in the eighteenth century was that ________.A. spending had outdistanced incomeB. trade had fallen offC. profits from mining had declinedD. the coinage had been sharply debased47.The passage implies that individual samurai did not find it easy to recover from debtfor which of the following reasons?A. Agricultural production had increased.B. Taxes were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount.C. There was a limit to the amount in taxes that farmers could be made to pay.D. The domains of samurai overlords were becoming smaller and poorer as governmentrevenues increased.48.The passage suggests that, in eighteenth-century Japan, the office of tax collectorA. was a source of personal profit to the officeholderB. was regarded with derision by many JapaneseC. remained within familiesD. existed only in castle-towns49.The passage implies that which of the following was the primary reason why theTokugawa shoguns turned to city merchants for help in financing the state?A. A series of costly wars had depleted the national treasury.B. Most of the country’s wealth appeared to be in city merchants’ hands.C. Japan had suffered a series of economic reversals due to natural disasters such asfloods.D. The merchants were already heavily indebted to the shoguns.50.According to the passage, the actions of the Tokugawa shoguns in their search forsolvency for the government were regrettable because those actionsA. raised the cost of living by pushing up pricesB. resulted in the exhaustion of the most easily worked deposits of silver and goldC. were far lower in yield than had originally been anticipatedD. did not succeed in reducing government spendingSection B Short-Answer Questions (20%)Passage 4Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Kazuko Nakane’s history of the early Japanese immigrants to central California’s Pajaro Valley focuses on the development of farming communities there from 1890 to 1940. The Issei (first-generation immigrants) were brought into the Pajaro Valley to raise sugar beets. Like Issei laborers in American cities, Japanese men in rural areas sought employment via the “boss” system. The system comprised three elements: immigrant wage laborers; Issei boardinghouses where laborers stayed; and labor contractors, who gathered workers for a particular job and then negotiated a contract between workers and employer. This same system was originally utilized by the Chinese laborers who had preceded the Japanese. A related institution was the “labor club,” which provided jobinformation and negotiated employment contracts and other legal matters, such as the rental of land, for Issei who chose to belong and paid an annual fee to the cooperative for membership.When the local sugar beet industry collapsed in 1902, the Issei began to lease land from the valley’s strawberry farmers. The Japanese provided the labor and the crop was divided between laborers and landowners. The Issei thus moved quickly from wage-labor employment to sharecropping agreements. A limited amount of economic progress was made as some Issei were able to rent or buy farmland directly, while others joined together to form farming corporations. As the Issei began to operate farms, they began to marry and start families, forming an established Japanese American community. Unfortunately, the Issei’s efforts to attain agricultural independence were hampered by government restrictions, such as the Alien Land Law of 1913. But immigrants could circumvent such exclusionary laws by leasing or purchasing land in their American-born children’s names.Nakane’s case study of one rural Japanese American community provides valuable information about the lives and experiences of the Issei. It is, however, too particularistic. This limitation derives from Nakane’s methodology—that of oral history—which cannot substitute for a broader theoretical or comparative perspective. Future research might well consider two issues raised by her study: were the Issei of the Pajaro Valley similar to or different from Issei in urban settings, and what variations existed between rural Japanese American communities?51.What is the primary purpose of the passage?52.According to the passage, what is the name of the cooperative association whosemembers were dues-paying Japanese laborers?53. What can you infer from the passage about immigrants’ landownership asprescribed by the Alien Land Law of 1913?54.Several Issei families join together to purchase a strawberry field and thenecessary farming equipment. What does such a situation best exemplify, as isdescribed in the passage?55. In the last paragraph, why does the author say that the study is too particularistic? Passage 5Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.All of the cells in a particular plant start out with the same complement of genes. How then can these cells differentiate and form structures as different as roots, stems, leaves, and fruits? The answer is that only a small subset of the genes in a particular kind of cell are expressed, or turned on, at a given time. This is accomplished by a complex system of chemical messengers that in plants include hormones and other regulatory molecules. Five major hormones have been identified: auxin, abscisic acid, cytokinin, ethylene, and gibberellin. Studies of plants have now identified a new class of regulatory molecules called oligosaccharins.Unlike the oligosaccharins, the five well-known plant hormones are pleiotropic rather than specific; that is, each has more than one effect on the growth and。

[考研类试卷]2016年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2016年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc[考研类试卷]2016年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、Vocabulary1 Whenever possible, Ina ______how well she speaks Japanese.（A）shows up（B）shows around（C）shows off（D）shows out2 As the director can't come to the reception, I'm representing the company______. （A）on his account （B）on his behalf（C）for his part（D）in his interest3 The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight ______are.（A）payments（B）charges（C）funds（D）prices4 The ball ______two or three times before rolling down the slope.（B）bounced（C）hopped（D）darted5 He has been transferred to the University of Maryland Medical Center and is waiting to ______surgery.（A）undergo（B）unfold（C）underestimate（D）undertake6 We hold these truths to be self-______: that all men are created equal.（A）essential（B）eternal（C）evident（D）exquisite7 The bear clawed the hunter within ______of his life.（A）close（B）reach（C）a space8 The third candidate is a______. She's new to politics and is just beginning her campaign.（A）white elephant（B）dark horse（C）sleeper（D）big hit9 We go to the Summer Palace on foot______.（A）on purpose（B）on occasions（C）on behalf（D）on trial10 It was cloudy this morning, but it ______fine.（A）turned on（B）turned over（C）turned up（D）turned out11 In his ______to further knowledge of the universe, man has now begun to explore space.（A）attempt（C）trial（D）chase12 The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived at our ______almost two hours later.（A）designation（B）destiny（C）destination（D）dignity13 The nuclear family ______a self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.（A）refers to（B）defines（C）describes（D）devotes to14 Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that elderly Americans are______ by social isolation and loneliness.（A）reproached（B）favored（C）plagued（D）reprehended15 The Pacific island attracts shoals of tourists with its rich ______of folk arts.（A）heritage（B）heredity（C）heroism（D）hermitage16 It is imperative that students ______their term papers on time.（B）handed in（C）hand in（D）would hand in17 An old woman was badly hurt in ______the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack.（A）that（B）which（C）what（D）whatever18 ______on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.（A）If walking（B）While walking（C）Walking（D）When one is walking19 After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well boys ______to go to school.（A）to be encouraged（B）been encouraged（C）being encouraged（D）be encouraged20 Joan didn't go to the party last night because she ______the baby for her sister until 9: 30.（A）must have looked after（B）would have to looked after（C）had to look after（D）should have looked after21 We are going to London next month. This will be the firsttime I ______there.（A）have traveled（B）travel（C）will travel（D）am traveling22 John is ______hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.（A）no less（B）no more（C）not less（D）no so23 Americans eat ______as they actually need every day.（A）twice as much protein（B）twice protein as much twice（C）twice protein as much（D）protein as twice much24 Who ______was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?（A）you said（B）did you say（C）did you say that（D）you did say25 She would have been more agreeable if she had changeda little bit, ______? （A）hadn't she（B）hasn't she（C）wouldn't she（D）didn't she26 ______you ______further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. （A）If; had（B）Have; had（C）Should; have（D）In case; had27 ______we wish him prosperous, we have objections to his ways of obtaining wealth. （A）Much as（B）As much（C）More as（D）As well as28 Among the first to come and live in North America______, who later prospered mainly in New England.（A）had been Dutch settlers（B）Dutch settlers were there（C）were Dutch settlers（D）Dutch settlers had been there29 ______there was an epidemic approaching, Mr. Smith ______the invitation to visit that area.（A）If he knew; would have declined（B）If he had known; would decline（C）Had he known; would decline（D）Had he known; would have declined30 In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could______.（A）hear somebody mourn（B）hear somebody mourning（C）hear somebody mourned（D）hear somebody had been mourning二、Reading Comprehension30 The head of the Library of Congress is to name Donald Hall, a writer whose deceptively simple language builds on images of the New England landscape, as the nation's 14th poet laureate today.Mr. Hall, a poet in the distinctive American tradition of Robert Frost, has also been a harsh critic of the religious right's influence on government arts policy. And as a member of the advisory council of the National Endowment for the Arts during the administration of George H. W. Bush, he referred to those he thought were interfering with arts grants as "bullies and art bashers.He will succeed Ted Kooser, the Nebraskan who has been the poet laureate since 2004. The announcement of Mr. Hall's appointment is to be made by James H. Billington, the Librarian of Congress. Mr. Billington said that he chose Mr. Hall because of "the sustained quality of his poetry, the reach and the variety of things he talks about." Like Mr. Kooser, Mr. Billington said," Mr. Hall evokes a sense of place.Mr. Hall, 77, lives in a white clapboard farmhouse in Wilmot, N. H., that has been in his family for generations. He said in a telephone interview that he didn't see the poetlaureateship as a bully pulpit. "But it's a pulpit anyway," he said. "If I see First Amendment violations, I will speak up."Mr. Hall is an extremely productive writer who has published about 18 books of poetry, 20 books of prose and 12 children's books. He has won many awards, including a national Book Critics Circle Award in 1989 for "The One Day", a collection.In recent years much of his poetry has been preoccupied with the death of his wife, the poet Jane Ken-yon, in 1995.Robert Pinsky, who was poet laureate from 1997 to 2000 said he welcomed Mr. Hall's appointment, especially in light of his previous outspokenness about politics and arts. "There is something nicely symbolic, and maybe surprising," Mr. Pinsky said, "that they have selected someone who has taken a stand forfreedom. "The position carries an award of $ 35, 000 and $ 5, 000 travel allowance. It usually lasts a year, though poets are sometimes reappointed.31 Donald Hall______.（A）uses simple English to express the images of the New England landscape（B）dislikes the idea of impacting government by the right side of the religion（C）is the 14th poet laureate appointed by the Congress（D）is a member of the advisory council of the National Endowment for the Arts32 James H. Billington______.（A）likes the poems with great depth and width（B）speaks highly of poems in simple English rather than complex ones（C）prefers the poems with sustained style and expression （D）likes the poems with the knowledge of various things33 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（A）Mr. Hall has published many books and magazines on poems.（B）Mr. Hall is a critic of literature in the U. S.（C）Mr. Hall has got many prizes for his talents in writing.（D）Mr. Hall has got support from his predecessors.34 What can be inferred from the passage?（A）Mr. Hall loves his wife very much.（B）Mr. Hall takes the new appointment for granted.（C）Mr. Hall has got great ideas from his wife.（D）Mr. Hall may hold the position for another year.35 What is the best title for the passage?（A）A Guard for Politics and Arts（B）A New Poet Laureate（C）A Representative for Freedom（D）The Winning of a Poet35 Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said —the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We don't always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don't mean anything except "I'm letting off some steam. I don't really want you to pay close attention to what I'm saying. Just pay attention to what I'm feeling." Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, "This step has to be fixed before I'll buy. "The owner says, "It's been like that for years." Actually, the step hasn't been like that for years, but the unspoken message is; "I don't want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can't you?" Thesearch for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed through examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of thebehavior. A friend's unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says " No!" to a serials of charges like "You're dumb," "You're lazy," and "You're dishonest," may also say "No!" and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is " And you're good looking. "We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, "It sure has been nice to have you over," can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.36 Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners,if______.（A）they use proper words to carry their ideas（B）they both speak truly of their own feelings（C）they try to understand each other's ideas beyond words（D）they are capable of associating meaning with their words37 "I'm letting off some steam" in paragraph 1 means______.（A）I'm just calling your attention（B）I'm just kidding（C）I'm just saying the opposite（D）I'm just giving off some sound38 The house-owner's example shows that he actually means______.（A）the step has been like that for years（B）he doesn't think it necessary to fix the step（C）the condition of the step is only a minor fault（D）the cost involved in the fixing should be shared39 Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if______. （A）linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness（B）seen as one's habitual pattern of behavior（C）taken as part of an ordering sequence（D）expressed to a series of charges40 The word " ritualistically" in the last paragraph equals something done______. （A）without true intention（B）light-heartedly（C）in a way of ceremony（D）with less emphasis40 Cellular slime molds are extraordinary life forms that exhibit features of both fungi and protozoa, although often classed for convenience with fungi. At one time they were regarded as organisms of ambiguous taxonomic status, but more recent analysis of DNA sequences has shown that slime molds should be regarded as inhabiting their own separate kingdom.Their uniqueness lies in their unusual life cycle, which alternates between a feeding stage in which the organism is essentially unicellular and a reproductive stage in which the organism adopts a multicellular structure. At the first stage they are free-living, separate amoebae, usually inhabiting the forest floor and ingesting bacteria found in rotting wood, dung, or damp soil. But their food supplies are relatively easily exhaustedsince the cells' movements are restricted and their food requirements rather large.When the cells become starved of nutrition, the organism initiates a new genetic program that permits the cells to eventually find a new, food-rich environment. At this point, the single-celled amoebae combine together to form what will eventually become a multicellular creature. The mechanism by which the individual members become a single entity is essentially chemical in nature. At first, a few of the amoebae start to produce periodic chemical pulses that are detected, amplified, and relayed to the surrounding members, which then move toward the pulse origin. In time, these cells form many streams of cells, which then come together to form a single hemispherical mass. This mass sticks together through the secretion of adhesion molecules.The mass now develops a tip, which elongates into a finger-like structure of about 1 or 2 millimeters in length. This structure eventually falls over to form a miniature slug, moving as a single entity orienting itself toward light. During this period the cells within the mass differentiate into two distinct kinds of cell. Some become prestalk cells, which later form into a vertical stalk, and others form prespore cells, which become the spore head.As the organism migrates, it leaves behind a track of slime rather like a garden slug. Once a favorable location has been found with a fresh source of bacteria to feed on, the migration stops and the colony metamorphoses into a fungus-like organism in a process known as "culmination." The front cells turn into a stalk, and the back cells climb up the stalk and form a spherical-shaped head, known as the sorocarp. This final fruiting body is about 2 millimeters in height. The head develops intospores, which are dispersed into the environment and form the next generation of amoebae cells. Then the life cycle is repeated. Usually the stalk disappears once the spores have been released.The process by which the originally identical cells of the slime mold become transformed into multicellular structures composed of two different cell types — spore and stalk — is of great interest to developmental biologists since it is analogous to an important process found in higher organisms in which organs with highly specialized functions are formed from unspecialized stem cells. Early experiments showed which parts of the slime mold organism contributed to the eventual stalk and which parts to the head. Scientists stained the front part of a slug with a red dye and attached it to the back part of a different slug. The hybrid creature developed as normal. The experimenters then noted that the stalk of the fruiting body was stained red and that the spore head was unstained. Clearly, the anterior part of the organism culminated in the stalk and the posterior part in the spore head. Nowadays, experiments using DNA technology and fluorescent proteins or enzymes to label the prespore and prestalk cells have been undertaken. This more molecular approach gives more precise results than using staining dyes but has essentially backed up the results of the earlier dye studies.41 How the slime should be classified used to be______.（A）unknown（B）uncertain（C）controversial（D）unfamiliar42 According to the passage, what is unusual about the slime molds' life cycle?（A）They inhabit their own kingdom.（B）They are organisms whose classification is ambiguous.（C）They alternate between unicellular and multicellular structures.（D）They are free-living organisms.43 All of the followings are mentioned in the text as being parts of the multicellular slug EXCEPT______.（A）the head（B）the stalk（C）legs（D）spores44 Why does the author refer to the fungus-like organism asa fruiting body?（A）Because it has become one entity.（B）Because it is 2 millimeters in height.（C）Because it now has a stalk and head.（D）Because it has reached its reproductive stage.45 According to the passage, the recent DNA studies______.（A）give similar results to the dye studies（B）contradict the dye studies（C）are less exact than the dye studies（D）have introduced confusion about the dye study results45 Barry Schwartz did not expect to feel inspired on a clothes-shopping trip. "I avoid buying jeans; I wear one pair until it falls apart," says Schwartz, an American psychology professor. "The last time I had bought a pair there had been just one style. But recently I was asked if I wanted this fit or that fit, or this color or that. I intended to be out shopping for five minutes but it took an hour, and I began to feel more and more dissatisfied. "This trip made him think: did more choice always mean greater satisfaction? " I'd always believed that choice was good, andmore choice was better. My experience got me thinking: how many others felt like me?"The result was a widely discussed study that challenged the idea that more is always better. Drawing on the psychology of economics, which looks at how people choose what to buy, Schwartz designed a questionnaire to show the differences between what he termed "maximisers" and "satisficers." Broadly speaking, maximisers are keen to make the best possible choices, and often spend time researching to ensure that their purchases cannot be bettered. Satisficers are the easy-going people, delighted with items that are simply acceptable.Schwartz puts forward the view, which contrasts with what politicians and salesmen would have people believe, that the unstoppable growth in choice is in danger of ruining lives. "I'm not saying no choice is good. But the average person makes at least 200 decisions every day, and I don't think there's room for any more. "His study may help to explain the peculiar paradox of the wealthy West — psychologists and economists are puzzled by the fact that people have not become happier as they have become richer. Infact, the ability to demand whatever is wanted whenever it is wanted has instead led to rising expectations.The search for perfection can be found in every area of life from buying soap powder to selecting a career. Certain decisions may automatically close off other choices, and some people are then upset by the thought of what else might have been. Schwartz says, "If you make a decision and it's disappointing, don't worry about it, it may actually have been a good decision, just not as good as you had hoped."One fact that governments need to think about is thatpeople seem more inclined to buy something if there are fewer, not more, choices. If that's true for jeans, then it is probably true for cars, schools and pension funds. "If there are few options, the world doesn't expect you to make the perfect decision. But when there are thousands it's hard not to think there's a perfect one out there, and that you'll find it if you look hard enough.If you think that Internet shopping will help, think again: "You want to buy something and you look at three websites. How long will it take to look at one more? Two minutes? It's only a click. Before you know it you've spent three hours trying to decide which ￡10 item to buy. It's crazy. You've used another evening that you could have spent with your friends. "Schwartz, who describes himself as a natural satisficer, says that trying to stop our tendency to be maxi-misers will make us happier. "The most important recommendation I can give is to lower personal expectations," he says. "But no one wants to hear this because they all believe that perfection awaits the wise decision maker. Life isn't necessarily like that."46 Why may some advice be rejected?47 What confuses experts according to the passage?48 What can be the emotional effect of the result of makinga choice?49 How was Schwartz's research undertaken?50 How can personality be defined in the text?三、Writing51 Directions: In this part you are going to write an essay of about 400-500 words within 60 minutes on the topic as follows. Write your response on the answer sheet T opic Some people think that cultural traditions will be destroyed if they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others, however,believe that is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on the issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.。

暨南大学考试试卷

暨南大学考试试卷一、词汇选择（共15小题，每小题1分，共15分） your choices in the table below.1. Crocodiles devour many small animals and occasionally attack large animals and people.A. depressB. supportC. consumeD. conceive2. I can still feel the agony of not being invited to a party that almost everyone else was going to.A. destructionB. painC. happinessD. sadness3. If everyone follows the same fashion, there will not be variety and the whole society will be monotonous.A. boringB. livelyC. interestingD. funny4. If you say that a person is versatile, you approve of them because they have many different skills.A. doing many tasks at the same timeB.prepared for different workC.possessing various skillsD.quick in understanding5.I’d go into the class jolly as usual, acting like things going just great, and even Mr.Burke would not suspect the truth.A.guessB. admitC. doubtD. believe6. Buck growled, and was surprised when the rope was pulled hard around his neck.A. made a low, threatening soundB. felt painC. felt puzzledD. became frightened7. My husband and I both go out to work so we share the household chores.A. dishwashingB. homeworkC. saying prayersD. small household duties8. Pa had got such good prices for his fur that he could afford to get them suchbeautiful presents.A. had enough moneyB. had timeC. was willingD. thought of9. Those students studying abroad should learn to adapt to the culture that is differentfrom their own.A. study in detailB. learn fromC. benefit fromD. make themselves fit for11. In paradise the dwellings are too far from each other for visiting.A. villagesB. gardensC. housesD. towns12. When the old woman had died, she had very few to mourn for her.A. talk sadlyB. say goodbyeC. feel sadD. remember well13. My words were lost as the walls above us crashed down, filling the cellar withbrick dust.A. disappeared instantlyB. broke violentlyC. vanished quicklyD. fell violently14. The temperature is below zero and the snow doesn't get a chance to thaw.A. sinkB. fallC. meltD. glow15. Anyway, I got my desk ready to study on since it was stacked with about twomillion things. What rhetorical device is employed in the expression?A. personificationB. simileC. metaphorD. hyperbole二、英译汉（共8小题，每小题3分，共24分）1.When he was still a child, Shakespeare wanted to be a poet more than anythingelse in the world.2.He missed his father, he longed for his mother, he yearned for Aksah (阿克莎). Hewished he had something to study; he dreamed of traveling; he wanted to ride his horse, to talk to friends.3.Buck jumped at the man, sixty kilos of anger, his mouth wide open, ready to bitethe man’s neck.4.T he lantern’s sides were of tin, with places cut in them for the candle-light toshine through.5.Yesterday when the bright sun blazed down on the wilted corn my father and Iwalked around the edge of the new ground to plan a fence.6.She (the mother) was sitting up late, waiting for Pa, Laura （劳拉）and Mary （玛丽）meant to stay awake, too, till he came.7.In despair, Kadish(卡迪士) went to consult a great specialist, celebrated for hisknowledge and wisdom.8.Farmer Nash ( 纳什) was not at the market, and a few minutes later we saw hisenraged face above the wall on the far side of the field.三、汉译英（共5小题，1-4每小题3分，第5题4分，共16）1.这条公蛇找到母蛇时，她已经死了。

2011年广东暨南大学外国语言文学综合考研真题解析版

2011年广东暨南大学外国语言文学综合考研真题学科、专业名称：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学研究方向：各方向考试科目名称：外国语言文学综合考试考试科目代码：808考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。

Ⅰ.Multiple choices.There are20questions in this part.Choose the best answer to each question.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Both literature candidates and linguistics candidates must do this part.（20%）1.The first American President to be elected from the Republican Party was_______.A.Abraham LincolnB.James MonroeC.James MadisonD.Thomas Jefferson2.The most important and largest river in the United States of America is_________.A.the Ohio RiverB.the Colorado RiverC.the Missouri RiverD.the Mississippi River3.______________has been called the"cradle of American liberty".A.PhiladelphiaB.BostonC.PlymouthD.Chicago4.Junior college in America is_______________.A.two-year collegeB.four-year collegeC.three-year collegeD.five-year college5.President Nixon decided to resign because he__________________.A.refused to hand over the White House tapes to courtB.was tired of political struggle in Washington D.C.C.came to sec that most probably he would be impeachedD.was deserted by the Republican Party6.To its full sense,the British Parliament consists of_______________.A.the House of Lords and the House of CommonsB.the House and the SenateC.the Queen and the House of LordsD.the Sovereign,the House of Lords and the House of Commons7.Which of the following is true under Thatcher's administration in the UK?A.The proportion of owner-occupation decreased.B.Public housing became more important.C.Many Public houses were sold to people.D.The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangement.8.The oldest British daily newspaper is______________.A.Daily ExpressB.The TimesC.Financial TimesD.The Observer9.In appearance the Queen of Great Britain seems very powerful,but in reality,she is only______________.A.the Supreme Governor of EnglandB.the Duke of EdinburghC.a figure-headD.all of the above10.Britain joined the European Community in_________________.A.1972B.1973C.1974D.197511.In Industrial Revolution,George Stephenson invented________________.A.railway engineB.spinning machineC.steam engineD.cotton textile12.London's Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of__________.A.the Lord ChancellorB.the Home SecretaryC.the AttorneyD.the Prime Minister13.Ireland has a bipolar political system with two major parties.They are_________.A.Sinn Fein and Fianna FailB.Sinn Fein and Fine GaelC.Fianna Fail and Fine GaelD.IRA and Sinn Fein14.________________is the oldest of all the parties in Ireland.A.The Irish Labour PartyB.The Progressive DemocratsC.Finna FailD.Fine Gael15.In______________James Joyce introduced the stream of consciousness techniqueas a remarkable means of character portrayal.A.DublinersB.UlyssesC.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManD.Paradise and Hell16.By_____________,Upper Canada and Lower Canada were created.A.Canada Act of1791B.Quebec Act of1774C.British North America ActD.Act of Paris of176317.The_______are the indigenous people of New Zealand,and have a rich and variedculture.A.MaoriB.CherokeeC.People from IndiaD.People from Southeast Asia18._____________is Australia's largest and most diverse industry.A.MiningB.ManufacturingC.FishingD.Agriculture19.New Zealand became a separate colony of Britain in________________.A.1841B.1857C.1907D.193120.Who produced the first complete map of New Zealand in1769?A.Abel Tasman.B.A Dutchman.C.HobsonD.James Cook.II.Fill in the blanks with proper answers.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both literature candidates and linguistics candidates must do this part.(20%) 1._________features are the phonemic features that occur above the level of thesegments.They include stress,tone,intonation,etc.2.English consonants can be classified in terms of_____________of articulationorin terms of place of articulation.3.The affix“-ish”in the word boyish conveys a_____________meaning.4.___________morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have tobe combined with other morphemes to form a word.5.In the complex sentence，the incorporated or subordinate clause is normallycalled an_____________clause.6.A______________is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises anumber of words to form a complete statement，question or command.7.______________can be defined as the study of meaning.8.When two words are identical in sound，but different in spelling and meaning，they are called________________.9.The notion of______________is essential to the pragmatic study of language.10.There are four maxims under the________________principle：the maxim ofquantity，the maxim of quality，the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner.11.Lord_______________(1561-1626),the world-renowned British essayist,foundso much leisure for study as to make himself a great philosopher,a good historian and an elegant writer.His concise essay“Of Studies”thoroughly illustrates the functions and significance of study.12.“I Have Nothing to Offer but Blood,Tears,and Sweat”is a speech given bythe British Prime Minister________________,who is a Nobel Prize winner for literature and a prolific and well-respected painter as well.13.James Joyce(1882-1941),the Irish novelist,is noted for his experimental useof language in such works as____________(1922)and Finnegans Wake(1939).14.In the_______________point of view,the narrator appears to know everythingabout all the characters,including what they are thinking.It takes no actions, casts no judgments,expresses no opinions and has no physical form in or out of the story.15._______________writers introduced a new theme into literature:the struggleof the proletariat for its rights.They portrayed the world as it was seen by the poor,the down trodden.16.An_______________story is a story whose overall plot is concerned with puttingthe protagonist through a particular sort of experience.The idea is that the character is forced,by what he/she encounters in the course of the action,to become"a different person,"usually someone more complicated,more comprehensive,with wider views.17.The story of“The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County”can be viewedas an epitome of the late______________century American society and culture.18.Edgar Allan Poe was considered part of the American____________________Movement.Best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre,Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is considered theinventor of the detective fiction genre.He is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction.19.With the publication of The Sun Also Rises,three years later,Hemingway becamethe spokesman for what Gertrude Stein called______________.20.“I felt a funeral,in my Brain,/And Mourners to and fro/Kept treading–treading–till it seemed/That Sense was breaking through–“The poet who writes these lines is_______________.III.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET according to requirements.Both literature candidates and linguistics candidates must do this part.(10%) Section A:Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.If it is true,write T on the ANSWER SHEET.If it is false,Write F on the ANSWER SHEET.1.D-structure is formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’ssubcategorization properties.2.An illocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something;it is the consequence of the utterance.3.Phonology is the study of the speech sounds and their functions.4.Diglossia refers to the dialect having to do with separation brought about bydifferent social conditions.ponential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semantics to analyzelexical/word meaning.Section B:Identify the author and indicate the genre of each of the following works.6.Dream Children7.The Raven8.The Death of the Salesman9.Shall I compare thee to a Summers day?10.Vanity FairIV.Choose SIX terms from the following and explain them briefly.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(30%)1.stream of consciousness2.The Aesthetic Movement3.Iceberg Theory4.Naturalism5.Theatre of the Absurd6.Predication analysis7.Neurolinguisticsnguage Acquisition Device(LAD)9.Idiolect10.Draw a tree diagram for the surface structure of“The girl bought the book”.V.Answer the following questions.According to different majors,choose the ones you must do.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40%)Section A：for linguistics candidates only1.What is Language acquisition in modern linguistics?2.How do you understand Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?3.Explain the term sense and reference by using examples.4.State clearly the term“complementary distribution”in phonemics.Section B:for literature candidates only1.In the short story“A Rose for Emily”,what does the“rose”in the title symbolize?2.What are the main features of Metaphysical poetry?3.Why is Mark Twain acclaimed as“the Father of American National Literature”?4.What is/are the theme(s)of Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels?VI.Choose ONE of the following and write your response to it.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(30%)1.In what basic ways does modern linguistics differ from traditional grammar?2.Analyze the following poem as to its theme,poetic form,and rhetorical devices,and develop it into an essay of200words.LondonWilliam Blake(1757-1827)I wander thro’each charter’d street,Near where the charter’d Thames does flow,And mark in every face I meetMarks of weakness,marks of woe.In every cry of every Man,In every Infant’s cry of fear,In every voice,in every ban,The mind-forg’d manacles I hear.How the Chimney-sweeper’s cryEvery black’ring Church appalls;And hapless Soldier’s sighRuns in blood down Palace walls.But most thro’midnight streets I hearHow the youthful Harlot’s curseBlasts the new born Infant’s fear,And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse.。

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A.itB.thatC. whichD.what
12. By the middle of the 21st century, the vast majority of the world’s population _____________ in cities rather than in the country.
A. beingB. beC. wereD. are
5. The suspect at last admitted _____________ the stolen goods but he denied _____________ them.
A. receiving...sellingB. to receive...selling
2. So involved with their computers ____________ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
A. do the children becomeB. become the children
1. According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one _____________ wait instead of searching for it.
A. would ratherB. had toC. cannot butD had best
2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题
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学科、专业名称：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学
研究方向：各方向
考试科目名称：外语（英）水平考试考试科目代码：706
考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
Part I Grammar and Vocabulary(30 points)
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Writeyour answer ontothe answer sheet.
C. having a knowledge ofD. knows
8. It is only when you nearly lose someone _____________ fully conscious of how much you value him.
A. do you becomeB. that you become
A. If walkingB. Walking
C. While walkingD. When one is walking
7. Although ______________ Spanish, he attended the course.
A. he was knowingB. he is knowing
B. my right rear tyre had a blowout
C. I had a blow-out on my right rear tyre
D. I had my right rear blowout
11. After _____________ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to step into the doctor’s office.
C. receiving...to sellD. to receive...to sell
6.____________ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.
A. everything exceptB. anything but
C. nothing more thanD. no less than
4. Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, ____________ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.
C. had the children becomeD. became the children
3. The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is ____________ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.
A. be analyzedB. has been analyzed
C. is to be analyzedD. should have been analyzed
10. While driving along the treacherous road, _______________.
A. my right rear tyre blew out
C. then you becomeD. have you become
9. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro American poetry is his insistence that it ____________ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.