Global Management for driving school
国际经贸高级英语
《国际经贸高级英语(精读与翻译)》参考答案罗汉主编key to ExercisesUnit OneⅠ/1. the accumulation of physical capital indispensable to economic growth2. to import advanced equipment and know-how from abroad3. license trade accounting for 90 per cent of the total volumeof the world s trade of technology4. lack of human capital reflected in economic development5. the great impact of high technology on the adjustment of industries6. key factors driving economic growth7. the transformation from an agricultural nation into an industrial one8. the tangible and intangible factors making up the total factor productivity growth9. the improvement of educational systems lurking in technological progress10. the ratio of capital to labour in this industry11. expand the labour force and increase its education and training12. the role of the R&D department in the operations of multinational corporations13. a study report analyzing variations in technical progress across a large number of countries14. to incorporate quantity and models into economic analysis15. great gap in incomes between developed and developing nationsⅡ/1. Many economists attributed the rapid economic growth rate of someland desiring areas, such as HongKong and Singapore, to the enhancement of educational levels of their population. Based on this, they drew their conclusion that knowledge is the key to their economic development.2. In the 1960s, on the basis of importing much sophisticated technology andknow how from developed countries, Japan expanded its e conomy in large scales, enabling its economy to keep up with the most advanced level of the world in 20 years.3. The development of new economic theories has raised many subjects to statistics. For example, high rates of school enrollment may not translate into high rates of economic growth if the quality of education is poor, or if educated people are not employed at their potential because of distortion in the labor market.4. In 1994, after a long period of investigation and research, the famous economist Krugman presented a study report analyzing variations in technical progress across a large number of countries. He said in the report that the economic development of Asia was not based on the progress of technology, so the economy contained much foam in it. Three years later, the sudden break out of southeast Asian Economic Crisis verified his conclusion.5. People haven't hitherto come up with an ideal method to put a value on science and technology, for it is intangible to some degree.Ⅲ. In the information age, knowledge, rather than physical assets or resources, is the key to competitiveness. This is as true for the obviously konwledge intensive sectors,such as software or biotechnology, as it is for industrial age manufacturing companies or utilities.For the knowledge intensive sectors,knowledge which feeds through from research and development to innovative products and processes is the critical element. Butwith industrial age manufacturing companies or utilities, using knowledge aboutcustomers to improve service is what counts.What is new about attitudes to knowledge today is the recognition of the need to harness, manage and use it like any other asset. This raises issues not only of appropriate processes and systems, but also of how to account for knowledge in the balance sheet.In future, the value of intellectual capital will be more widely measured and reported. The measurement and reporting of key performance indicators related to intellectual capital will become a more widespread practice among major organizations, completing the financial accounts.Unit TwoⅠ/1. to crack the FORTUNE Global 5002. a collective enterprise supervised by workers3. be pessimistic about the factory s ability to absorb technology4. the incorporation (mix)of foreign management practices and Chinese nationalism5. a leading guru of Japanese quality control6. to transfer the management concepts to new acquisitions7. the dominant position in China s refrigerator market8. a case study of the management art9. to let shoddy products released to the market in large quantities10. to set the stage for the renovation of the enterprise11. the wholly-owned companies and holding companies under the control of the parent company12. to soak up the laid-offs released from state owned companies13. to sell modern refrigerator making technolog y to the factory14. the state-owned enterprises accounting for the majority of industrial enterprises15. the development of domestic pillar industriesⅡ/1. Although this joint venture has been growing very fast, it still has a long way to go to realize its goal of cracking the Fortune Global 500.2. Haier once tried to place the sample products in sight of the assembly line workers to improve the quality of the products, but now it has outgrown thispractice.3. In the early 1980s, out of every 1000 urban Chinese households, there were only two or three that owned refrigerators. With the enhancement of people's livingstandard, refrigerators have become the first big item in the households buy of many families.4. The company has 70 subsidiaries around the world, one third of which arewholly-owned, with their products sold to 108 countries and areas. In recent years, it has averaged an increase of 50% a year in revenues.5. The rapid development of collective and private enterprises will help to soak up the labour force released from poorly operated state-owned enterprises and to relieve the nation's employment burden.Ⅲ. Many managers feel uncomfortable if not actively involved in accomplishing a given job. This is said to result from a“low tolerance for ambiguity”. The manager desires to know what is happening on a moment by moment basis. A wise manager should know clearly what work must be delegated, and train employees to do it. If after training, an employee is truly unable to perform the work, then replacement should be considered. A manager should avoid reverse delegation.This happens when an employee brings a decision to the manager that the employee should make. An acceptance of reverse delegation can increase the manager'swork load and the employee is encouraged to become more dependent on the boss. Unit ThreeⅠ/1. to issue a vast amount of short term government bonds2. plenty of capital inflow to the security market in the recent period3. the preference of investors to the inflation protected treasury bonds4. to decrease the risk by hedging5. diversified portfolio6. to reach more than 50% of the initial public offering7. dilution of securities caused by the distribution of shares8. the trigger event that causes the imploding on market index9. short maturity U.S. government and corporate fixed income secu r ities10. real assets like commodities and real estate11. to avoid insider-trading charges through legal windows12. some trigger events that will charge the interest rate in the capital market13. reflect investors' wary view of the market14. shepherd the funds every step of the way15. the agriculture bonds that come back in the stock marketⅡ/1. During the past several months, the interest rate and the exchange rate have fluctuated greatly, which has brought enormous loss to many investors. But this institution overrode the adverse factors in the market and still obtained a big profit by wise hedging investments.2. The diversification of portfolio can decrease the non-systematic riskof individual securities in the portfolio efficiently, but it is unable to remove the systematic risk of the market.3. During the period of high inflation in capitalist countries between the late 1960s and late 1970s, many people tended to convert their money incomes into goods or real estate.4. One of the Bundesbank council members said that the central bank is under no immediate pressure to cut interest rates and that it needs more time to study the economic data before making a decision.5. Many experts consider that the interest rates would trend higher, because, although it is true that there is not much inflation now, wage inflation is evidentand the entire economy is in such high gear right now.Ⅲ. For all the similarities between the 1929 and 1987 stock market crashes, there are one or two vital differences. The most important of these was the reaction of the financial authorities. In 1929, the US Federal Reserve reacted to the crash by raising interest rates, effectively clamping down on credit. This caused manyotherwise healthy companies to fail simply due to cash flow problems. If onecompany failed leaving debts, many others down the line would meet the same fate. In 1987, the authorities were quick to lower interest rates and to ensure that ample credit was made available to help institutions overcome their difficulties. There were no widespread business failures and, more importantly, the economy did not enter another depression. There was a period of recession(milder than a 1930s-style depression), but this was largely due to a resurgence of inflation. The sharp interest rate cuts, and excessively hasty financial deregulation, pushed inflation higher, which in turn forced governments to reverse earlier interest rate cuts, prompting an economic slow-down.Unit FourⅠ/1. to rely heavily on monetary flexibility to reign in inflation2. to execute tight monetary policy3. to implement fiscal policy in the form of social insurance and national taxes4. to pour into economically expanding regions5. to replace their individual currencies with a single currency6. to bode well for the future of the EMU7. to control government deficits to meet Maastricht conditions8. the overvalued currency as a main barrier to export9. to refrain from dumping surplus goods abroad10. the influence of integrated economy on capital flow11. the balance-of-payments deficit warranting the devaluation policy adopted by the monetary authority12. to eliminate the economic costs associated with holding multiple currencies13. costs that must be taken into account when estimating profits14. to take advantage of the small difference between the central bank's pegged rates and market rates15. to hedge against risks coming from volatile exchange ratesⅡ/1. Ironically, Europe will see an increase in economic specialization along with the European unification process.2. The European Central Bank will face a dilemma when two member countries both badly need certain monetary policies to regulate their economies but the policies they need are of opposite directions.3. A person will be called an“arbitrageur"if, to gain profits, he takes advantage of the different exchange rates on different markets, or at different times on a same market.4. The national economies of many European countries have recently been forced to fit Maastricht conditions and arbitrary deadlines, and such actions have created unnecessary economic turmoils.5. As a central bank, the Federal Reserve System currently uses its control over the money supply to keep the national inflation rates low and to expand national economies in recession.Ⅲ. Even before construction of the euro is complete, governments can point to one notable success. The past year has seen extraordinary turmoil in global financial markets. Rich country stock markets and currencies have not been spared. Yet Europe has been, comparatively speaking, a safe haven, Intra-European movements in exchange rates have been tiny. This is something that the euro-11 governments had committed themselves to, but their success could not have been taken for granted a year ago. The fact is, at a time of unprecedented financial turbulence, theforeign exchange markets regarded the promise to stabilize intra-European exchange rates as credible. Currencies have held steady and interest rates have converged: it augurs well for the transition to the new system.Unit FiveⅠ/1. a major engine of growth in Asian economy2. the structural weakness in South Korea's financial system3. to execute economic policies which adhere to IMF-aid programs4. a sharp decline in the price competitiveness of that country's exports5. the slump in the Japanese stock market6. a more advantageous position than its rivals in terms of price competitiveness7. trade disputes sparked by price distortion8. the financial panic triggered by the devaluation of Japanese yen9. to stabilize the recently turbulent capital flows10. the advantageous position of industrial countries in the world trade system11. the serious welfare losses for all nations resulted from a full scale trade war12. a USD 58 billion bailout which South Korea was forced to seek from the IMF13. the great expenditure caused by huge government institutions14. technology intensive and knowledge intensive products with high competitiveness15. the country's economy which remains mired in recessionⅡ/1. While the Asian economy regained stability, the possibility of devaluation of the HongKong dollar will be an important variable affecting the recurrence of similar economic crises in Asia.2. In order to connect the improvement of price competitiveness brought about bythe currency depreciation to a better balance of payment, internationalcooperation is as essential as are internal reforms.3. The Asian financial crisis owing to the heavily indebted banking systems,excessive government spending and over reliance on foreign loans has damaged the world economy seriously.4. Some Japanese companies began to fall out of their over reliance on loansfrom the banking system, focusing on profits and cutting out wasteful spending.5. Erupted in July 1997, the Asian financial crisis reflected the defectsin the fragile financial systems of Asian countries.Ⅲ. Like death and taxes, international economic crises cannot be avoided. Theywill continue to occur as they have for centuries past. But the alarmingly rapid spread of the 1997 Asian crisis showed these economies' vulnerability to investor skittishness. Unfortunately, there is no international“911" that emerging markets can dial when facing economic collapse. Neither the IMF nor a new global financial architecture will make the world less dangerous. Instead, countries that want toavoid a rerun of the devastating 1997—98 crisis must learn to protect themselves. And liquidity is the key to financial self help. A country that has substantial international liquidity—large foreign currency reserves and a ready source offoreign currency loans—is less likely to be the object of a currency attack. Substantial liquidity also enables a country already under a speculative siege to defend itself better and make more orderly financial adjustments. The challenge is to find ways to increase liquidity at reasonable cost.Unit SixⅠ/1. capital flight depleting a country s foreign exchange reserves2. domestic hyperinflation caused by devaluation3. to adopt expansionary fiscal policy to increase national income4. be faced with the danger of increasingly shrinking aggregate demand5. capital market harassed by liquidity trap6. to rule out the possibility of massive speculative activities7. to drive down domestic prices at the expense of economic stagnation8. the international gold standard system characterized by fixed exchange rates9. the pressure of hot money flow on currencies10. the neoclassical theory centering on the spontaneous adjustments of market11. intelligent policy makers who will use variable means to achieve economic goals12. flexible fiscal and financial policies that can help the economy out of depression13. the different dilemmas that the developing countries and the mature economies are faced with14. to sacrifice full employment to achieve high output rate15. the increased demand for this currency that will lead to the devaluation of another currencyⅡ/1. The economic turmoil in that country made the central bank and the treasury department take each other to task, which reflected the importance of the collaboration of a country s monetary and fiscal policies.2. The government has now slipped into such a dilemma that if it wants toimprove its balance of payment, it will need to lower the exchange rate, but to lower the exchange rate will lead to inflation.3. Although devaluation will magnify exports, it can also lead to the increasing foreign curren cy denominated debt;it can even cause the collapse of people's confidence in the government. Therefore, the government did not dare to adopt the devaluation policy without careful consideration.4. The increase of foreign currency denominated debt is not necessarilythe indispensable cost of economic development. Because, although it may promote economic growth in the short run, it will increase the burden of domestic enterprises and lead to imbalanced balance of payment in the long run.5. Major capitalist countries had been seeing gold standard as a symbol of strong economic power, but they were forced to give it up for good during the Great Depression.Ⅲ. Troubled Asian Economies have turned out to have many policy and institutional weaknesses. But if America or Europe should get into trouble next year or the year after, we can be sure that in retrospect analysts will find equally damning things to say about Western values and institutions. And it is very hard to make the case that Asian policies were any worse in the 1990s than they had been in previous decades, so why did so much go so wrong so recently?The answer is that the world became vulnerable to its current travails not because economic policies had not been reformed, but because they had. Around the worldcountries responded to the very real flaws in post Depression policy regimes bymoving back toward a regime with many of the virtues of pre-Depressionfree-market capitalism. However, in bringing back the virtues of old fashioned capitalism, we also brought back some of its vices, most notably a vulnerability both toinstability and sustained economic slumps.Unit SevenⅠ/1. government reforms compatible with a country's development program2. lay emphasis on the resolution of government involvement3. the state induced transfer of wealth from the rich to the less fortunate4. to finance the development of public sectors5. a sharp decrease in the subsidy expenditure of a welfare state6. to minimize the public expenditure of this country7. the growth rate of gross fixed asset formation8. heavy interest obligations resulting from huge interest payments9. a certain share of shadow economy in the government performance10. to avoid increasing government spending and lowering the economic growth rates11. the benchmark to assess the scope for reducing the size of government12. be of growing importance in government reforms13. to facilitate adjustment to the new economic environment14. the detrimental short-run effects of reforms on some groups15. the protectionist and competitive devaluation policies administered by some industrial countriesⅡ/1. Over the years, opinions about the role of state have been changing, andpolitical institutions have been changing as well, to accommodate the demand for more state involvement in the economy.2. It's generally believed that even if welfare states cut down the hugewelfare expenditures, they can't necessarily solve their serious economic problems such as large budget deficits and hyperinflation.3. The government carried out the expansionary fiscal policy, which resulted inthe increase of budget deficits. To compensate the deficits, it should take certain measures, such as issuing bonds or increasing the money supply.4. Many industrial countries face the dilemma during their reforms between high inflation rates and low unemployment rates, so they must consider all around to minimize the losses.5. Radical reforms must aim at maintaining public sector objectives while reducing spending. In this process, the role of the government will change from the provider to the overseer or the regulator of activities.Ⅲ. Modern societies have accepted the view that governments must play a larger role in the economy and must pursue objectives such as income redistribution andincome maintenance. The clock cannot be set back and, in fact, it should not be. For the majority of citizens, the world is certainly a more welcoming place now than it was a century ago. However, we argue that most of the important social and economic gains can be achieved with a drastically lower level of public spendingthan that which prevails today. Perhaps the level of public spending does not needto be much higher than, say, 30 percent of GDP to achieve most of the importantsocial and economic objectives that justify government intervention. Achievingthis expenditure level would require radical reforms, a well-functioning private market, and an efficient regulatory role for the government.Unit EightⅠ/1. winds of reform in Japan s banking sector2. the amended Bank of Japan Law in line with the global standards for autonomy and transparency3. touch on the paramount goal in the sphere of monetary policies4. charge the central bank with maintaining price stability and nurturing a secure credit system5. generate unnecessary panics in the financial markets6. the execution of monetary policies independent of the bureaucracy7. the institutions in charge of formulating the interest rate policies8. a discount rate at a historical low of 0.5%9. to keep maintaining and nurturing the credit system in accordance with the state policy10. in the spheres of fiscal and monetary policies11. the new economic law entering force this year12. in the context of propelling economic reforms13. to strengthen the government s functions through fiscal policies14. key measures which have won confidence from the market15. the implementation of a merit based promotion systemⅡ/1. It is no overstatement to say that the bad accounts in Japan's banks have accumulated to a very high level.2. The central bank's quasi-bureaucratic status has stymied its normal operations, so many economists call for the enhancement of its autonomy in accordance with the global standards.3. It has been normal for bank shares to march in line with movements in net interest margins, which means bank shares tend to rise as net margins widen and fall as the latter narrow.4. Japan's bank shares are in a different position from their American counterparts: America s bank shares have already risen sharply thanks to the country's full-fledged economic recovery, while Japan's bank shares are still weak as the banks struggle to get to grips with their bad debts.5. Runs on the banks proliferated and a sharp fall in bank loans followed, before the non-performing loans, amounting to 30% of bank assets, were taken over by the state in 1997.Ⅲ. How fast Japan's financial system seems to be reforming. Barely a week goes by without news of another merger between Japan s huge but troubled financial firms. Deregulation is the spur. Three years ago the government announced a “Big Bang"for the country's financial-services industry. This would tear down firewallsthat had largely stopped insurance companies, banks and stockbrokers from competing in each other's patches. It was also meant to put an end to arbitrary, stiflingand often corrupt supervision.The biggest reason for deregulation in this way was that Japan's incestuous,Soviet'style financial system was hopelessly bad at allocating credit around the economy. The massive bad-loan problems that have plagued the country's banks for most of the 1990s are merely one symptom of an even bigger ill. Even so, there was wide spread scepticism that the government would go through with the cure. It deserves some credit, therefore, for largely sticking to its plans.Unit NineⅠ/1. the most commonly used measures of income distribution2. the shift from labour to capital markets3. specialization in production and the dispersion of specialized production processes4. the widening gap between the wages of skilled workers and those of unskilled workers5. new production techniques biased toward skilled labor6. economic inefficiency and distortions retarding growth7. sustainable growth and a viable balance of payments policy8. a broadly based, efficient and easily administered tax system9. reduce disparities in human capital across income groups10. targeted programs consistent with the macroeconomic framework11. constitutional rules on revenue sharing12. to promote equality of opportunities through deregulating economy13. cash compensation in lieu of subsidies14. stimulate the use of public resources and the overall economic growth15. take effective measures to promote employment and equityⅡ/1. Much of the debate about income distribution has centered on wage earnings, which have been identified as an important factor in the overall distribution of incomes. But in Africa and Latin America, unequal ownership of land is a factor that cannot be ignored.2. Globalization has linked the labor, product and capital markets of theeconomies around the world and has indirectly led to specialization in production and the dispersion of specialized production processes to geographically distant locations.3. Although fiscal policies are usually viewed as the principal vehicle for assisting low-income groups and those affected by reform programs, quite a number of countries have adopted specific labor market policies in an effort to influence income distribution.4. Measures governments can take to promote equality of opportunities include deregulating the economy;setting up strong and responsible institutions, including a well functioning judicial system;reducing opportunities for corrupt practices;and providing adequate access to health and education services.5. Another important issue is whether governments should focus on outcomes—such as decreasing the number of people living in poverty, or ensuring that all members of society have equal opportunities.Ⅲ. One theory on wealth distribution indicates that irrational distribution andcorruption are the major reasons for the uneven income level. According to this theory, wealth goes through four stages of distribution—the market, the government, non governmental organizations and unlawful activities, mainly corruption. Usually the first stage of distribution—the market—will result in an uneven spread of resources, which should be redressed by the second distribution stage, the government. In the third stage, the distribution of wealth is realized through contributions and donations made by non governmental organizations. The contributions are given to the poor in the form of charity activities. Thenfollows illegal grabbing of wealth, such as robbery, embezzlement, tax evasion andbribery. Their harm to social equality and stability is enormous and cannot really be measured.Unit TenⅠ/1. to facilitate the establishment of a new form of leadership in today's corporations2. to link a corporation's developing prospective to its present business performance3. companies which forge ahead in the rather changeable world economy4. to encourage domestic enterprises to seek out opportunities to enter foreign markets5. to instill development strategies of new products into employees at all levels6. to consider the promotion in the company the criteria to judge whether one is successful or not。
上海交通大学GFM全球时尚管理-艺术留学本科项目招生简章
GFM向学生传授专业的职业发展技能，提供一切资源帮助他
们获得成功。人才知道团队与企业保持紧密的战略合作关系，
并为企业和学生之间搭建无缝的平台，提供大量的就业和实
习机会。
此外，GFM拥有强大的行业渗透能力，在自身课程和教学中
注入最新的行业实践和专业技术。与企业的紧密联系使GFM
的学生毕业时就已完全为就业做好准备并马上能在工作中有
GFM 将设计， 作为一门管理学科来学习
学生设计师，通过学习管理、市场和经济科 学，从而明白他们对世界所担负的责任以及 人类所面临的问题。
GFM
GFM
时尚本身赋予了产品选择性和专属性，在消费者购买的同时，除了产品设 计本身的创造性，还将其融合了情感价值。 “GFM时尚管理学士” 不但是一门新兴的商学管理学科，也是一种对生活 的态度。
Graphic Novel创办人人
GFM
招生标准
招收： 在读高二高三学生 提前申请应届高中 历届高中毕业生 想继续深造的大一新生
专业不限，艺术文化类背景者优先
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个人标准1寸证件照4张（可先提供电子版）
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有效身份证件
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项目申请表（中/英文）
为中国时尚界培养最有敏锐的判断力，对报表、财务熟知 的，既理性又具有创造力的复合型时尚管理人才，并将针对该 项专业人才.建立全球时尚管理人才库以及互动平台，
无无国界教育 Education Without Borders
全球就业能力力 Global employment ability
2015年3月-7月 学生提交申请 预约面试 2015年9月-2016年6月 预科课程， 2016年6月 海外大学面试 2016年7月-8月 留学面签；签证 2016年9月-10月 海外注册入学 2019年中下旬 国际时尚管理学士
Knowledge Management Advances and Applications
Knowledge Management Advances and ApplicationsKnowledge management (KM) has made significant advances and applications in various fields, revolutionizing the way organizations handle and leverage their knowledge assets. From the early days of simply managing documents and information, KM has evolved into a strategic tool for driving innovation, improving decision-making, and enhancing organizational performance. This essay will explore the advances and applications of knowledge management from multiple perspectives, including its impact on business, technology, and society.From a business perspective, knowledge management has become a critical component of organizational success. By effectively capturing, organizing, and sharing knowledge, companies can gain a competitive edge in the marketplace. For example, through the use of knowledge management systems, organizations can streamline their internal processes, improve collaboration among employees, and ultimately deliver better products and services to their customers. Additionally, knowledge management enables companies to avoid reinventing the wheel by leveraging existing knowledge and expertise, leading to cost savings and increased efficiency.On the technological front, knowledge management has seen significant advancements in recent years. The development of sophisticated knowledge management tools and platforms has made it easier for organizations to collect, store, and access vast amounts of information. Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms have also been integrated into knowledge management systems, allowing for advanced data analysis and predictive insights. These technological advances have not only made knowledge management more efficient but have also opened up new possibilities for leveraging knowledge in innovative ways.Moreover, knowledge management has had a profound impact on society as a whole. By enabling the sharing of knowledge and expertise, KM has facilitated collaboration and learning across different communities and cultures. For instance, in the academic and research fields, knowledge management has played a crucial role in advancing scientific discoveries and sharing valuable insights with the broader global community. Furthermore,in the healthcare sector, knowledge management has contributed to improved patient care by enabling medical professionals to access the latest research and best practices.Despite these advances and applications, knowledge management still faces challenges and limitations. One of the key challenges is the difficulty of capturing and codifying tacit knowledge, which is often deeply rooted in personal experience and intuition. Additionally, the sheer volume of information available today can make it overwhelming for organizations to effectively manage and utilize their knowledge assets. Furthermore, there are concerns about the security and privacy of sensitive knowledge, especially in the era of big data and cyber threats.In conclusion, the advances and applications of knowledge management have had a profound impact on business, technology, and society. By enabling organizations to effectively capture, organize, and leverage their knowledge assets, KM has become a strategic tool for driving innovation and improving performance. However, challenges still exist, and it is essential for organizations to continue evolving their knowledge management strategies to stay competitive in the rapidly changing global landscape.。
驾校管理系统的设计与实现【毕业作品】
BI YE SHE JI（20 届）驾校管理系统的设计与实现如今人们生活水平有了极大的提高，快节奏、高效率成为现代生活的需要。
与此同时，汽车成为生活出行不可或缺的交通工具，购买私家车的家庭也越来越多，考驾照的人员也急剧增加。
但是传统的驾校管理模式给驾校管理者带来巨大的工作量。
信息化的发展以及网络技术的普及，对网络驾校的实现提供了很大的有利条件。
我对当前驾校管理模式做了解，对驾校需求做了调研，并通过需求分析、项目策划、项目设计、项目测试、上线等，做出了一套驾校管理系统，该系统使用Visual Studio 2010作为开发环境，SQL Server2012作为数据储存，实现了学员报名，学员信息管理，学员查找，学员考试预约，自动接收考试成绩，成绩查询，等功能，同时提供了良好的系统扩展性，使用低廉的成本就可以进行二次开发。
该系统实现了驾校信息化管理，自动化管理。
减轻驾校管理人员的任务，提高工作效率，保证数据正确，提供多维度数据分析，并且减少雇佣人员费用。
关键字：驾校管理、ERP、C#、WinForm、SQL Server2012Today, people's living standard has been greatly improved, fast-paced, high-efficiency needs of modern life. Meanwhile, the car became an indispensable means of transport traveling life, buy a family car more and more, driving test personnel has increased dramatically. However, the traditional management model driving school Driving managers to bring huge workload. Development of information technology and the popularization of network technology, the network provides a great driving school to achieve favorable conditions.I do understand the current management model driving school, driving school needs to do research on, and through needs analysis, project planning, project design, project testing, on-line, etc., made a driving school management system, which as a developer using Visual Studio 2010 environment, SQL Server2012 as data storage, to achieve a student enrollment, student information management, students find, student exams appointment automatically receive test scores, query results, and other functions, while providing a good system scalability, low cost, you can use for secondary development. The system implements Driving information management, automated management. Ease the task of driving school management, improve work efficiency, and ensure data is correct, providing multi-dimensional data analysis, and reduce hiring personnel costs.Keywords: Driving management, ERP, C#, WinForm, SQL Server2012目录1.绪论 (1)1.1课题研究的背景及意义 (1)1.2现行驾校管理系统概况 (1)1.3 论文组织 (2)2.系统的理论基础 (3)2.1C#技术特点 (3)2.2SQL Server2012 技术特点 (3)2.3开发工具Visual Studio2012介绍 (5)3.系统分析 (6)3.1 设计思想 (6)3.2 系统可行性分析 (6)3.2.1技术可行性 (6)3.2.2经济可行性 (6)3.2.3操作可行性 (6)3.3需求分析 (7)3.3.1 基本功能需求 (7)3.3.2 预约名单的打印需求 (7)4.系统设计 (8)4.1 业务流程需求分析 (8)4.2系统架构需求分析 (8)4.3数据库设计 (9)5.系统的实现 (14)5.1部分源码说明 (14)5.1.1程序架构 (14)5.1.2数据库操作核心SqlHelp类 (14)5.1.3完美的登陆窗口 (18)5.1.4学员信息处理 (18)5.1.5科目一信息处理 (19)5.1.6科目二信息处理 (19)5.1.7科目三信息处理 (20)5.1.8数据的绑定 (21)5.1.9学员成绩查询 (21)5.1.10系统管理 (21)5.1.11引入外部dll (21)5.1.12数据绑定的那些事 (22)5.1.13报表打印数据来源所使用的存储过程 (22)5.2系统的功能展示 (24)5.2.1学员报名 (24)5.2.2学员管理 (25)5.2.3学员考试预约 (26)5.2.4预约成功学员信息打印 (27)5.2.5学员考试成绩查询 (28)6.总结与展望 (29)6.1 全文总结 (29)6.2 展望 (29)7.致谢 (30)8.参考文献 (31)1.绪论1.1课题研究的背景及意义随着社会节奏的不断加速以及人们生活水平的不断提高，汽车已经成为人们生活当中不可缺少的代步工具，相应参加汽车驾校进行培训的人员也越来越多。
办公室英语
48 AVM 49 B&P 50 B/D 51 B/F 52 B/M 53 B/S 54 BA 55 BA 56 BA&MI 57 BESTQ 58 BOM 59 BP 60 BS 61 BSC 62 BTL 63 BUS A-VES 64 C to C 65 C.F.R 66 C.I.F 67 C.I.P 68 C．O．P 69 C.P.T 70 C/C 71 C/R 72 C/T 73 CA 74 CAP 75 CAPEX 76 CBM 77 CBU 78 C-C 79 CCC
Cost Control Model Close Cycle Reduction Concept Communication Study Capital Expenditure Management Team Cash Flow Cash Flow Statement Cross function team Common Global Standard Cost Insurance and Freight Catalog Issue Plan Completely Knock Down Cash Management System Cost Monitoring System Chart of Account Company Investment Control Organization Process Corporate Planning Centralized Plastic Purchasing Chief Product Specialist Cost per Unit Credit Cost Reduction Cold Roll Customer Relation Management Customer Satisfaction Component Supply Chain Chart Customer Satisfaction Index Customer Satisfaction Officer Centralized Steel Purchasing C-Speed Customer Satisfaction-Vehicle Evaluation System Cycle Time Commercial Vehicle Chief Vehicle Engineer Continuous Valve Timing Control Delivered At Frontier Delivered Duty Paid Delivered Duty Unpaid Delivered Ex Quay Delivered Ex Ship Design Note Dealer Advice Board
马六甲驾驶学校管理系统【外文翻译】
外文翻译Malacca driving school management system MaterialSource:.my/index.php?option=com_docman&tas k=doc_details &gid=3347&Itemid=208 Author: SITI HAJAR SINTI ZAINAL ABSTRACTThe Malacca Driving School Management System (MDSMS) is developed mainly for driving school to manage the operation more efficient, easily to find data, record keeping more efficient and retrieve data faster. This system will be managed by the administrator and the clerk of the driving school company. The methodology of this system is Database Life Cycle (DBLC). An analysis study has been done based on the current manual system and all the problems statements and requirements have been identified. Moreover, interface MDSMS have been designed according to the requirement and need of the company. Only the administrator and the authorized staff only can access this system. This Malacca Driving School Management System will help to improve the performance of current situation and overcome the problems that arise nowadays.1.1 Project BackgroundMalacca Driving School Management System is a computerized system that is develops for driving school center. It manages various functions in managing and handling the driving school center. The driving school center provides the driving class for motorcycle, car, lorry, bus and others. This system is managed by a staff or admin at the center. The staff is responsible to register the new students, new staffs or instructor, calculations and payments and salary for the staffs. The problem comes when the records of students and staffs are increasing and it is not systematic anymore to keep all the data in the file systems anymore. There are data on 5 years operation of the driving school center kept in files that fill half of the room and may be there are 5 years of data to come and all the files have to be keep. Are the companies going to enlarge its building just to add room to store all this files? And how to keep it in order and securely where only the authorize staff can access it. Furthermore, if any unexpected incident or disaster happens, is the any back up for all this important information. So, the Malacca Driving School Management System will be developed as a solution for the entire problem. The Malacca DrivingSchool Management System will keep all the information of the daily driving school center operation which is from the instructor's records, staffs records to payment of the staff's salary. The Malacca Driving School Management System will keep track all of the operation information securely and orderly and even with backup. It is easy for searching and retrieving data, and making changes to all stored data. 1.2 Problem Statements As current system is a manual filing system, there are several problems that are state for the current system: i) Low data retrieval in searching Through the manual filing system, the data will be kept in file according to the year or company alphabetically. This may take time to search for the information needed in time as the staff may have to look the file one by one and other related file just to search for some information. For example, if the staff wants to search the address or details of their students, he or she has to search on every file, one by one. It will take a long time. ii) The redundancy of data and not consistency of data. In a manual file system usually there are data redundancy and inconsistency. This is because the same data may be stored in various files as they are related with each other. This also causes of data anomalies and then inconsistency because the redundant data are changed in one file but not the others. For example, repetitive data might happen in a record of the students because of unsystematic data management. Such as if a student or instructors change their telephone number, the staff may change the information in one file but not the other which may also contain information, this may cause data anomalies.iii) The lack of securityUsually for normal filing system there is lack of security as there is no limitation on who can access the files. Anyone can change the records and this may cause serious trouble in the future. For example, intruders can easily steal the important information about the instructor's details or even a staff that may not have the authority on the instructor's information may steal the information and sell it to other person.iv) No backup and recovery for the data Manual files system has no backup and if the file of all the information lost or damage, the driving school center will lost all it's valuable information. For example, the most important data of the driving school's center is the details of the students, staffs and history's information, if that data lost, the driving school center will face a bad impact where they may lose their important information for a future analysis.1.3 Objectivei) To make faster data processing and accessingTo be fast in data processing and accessing by using query and index are required. This is because query and index will help to improve data retrieval and performance speed. For the solution primary and foreign key are created each time to retrieve the data from database. For example, the details of the students should be easily retrieved by the staff for making a payment or for updating the record.ii) To implement the data integrity Data integrity enforced through for the proper use of primary and foreign key rule. The primary key will help to avoid data redundancy and inconsistency. So, there would not be a redundant data while using the system for searching or adding a new data. For an example, in Malacca Driving School Management System, every student and instructors will have their own records using computerized system. So, there would not be redundancy data especially in instructor's timetable.iii) To avoid the system from being access by unauthorized personData stored in the driving school's center database must be protected from being access by unauthorized users. In this system, users are provided with password that allows the assignment of access rights to specific authorized users. Password usually enforced at logon time.iv) To make data backup and recovery of the data Data backup and recovery create a safety values, allowing the database administrator to ensure the availability of consistent data. The system will used the centralized database and will make easy to backup the data. For example, all the information of the center, students and staffs will be back up in the external hard disc. So, if the database corrupts, we still can use the database in the external hard disc.1.4 ScopeScopes of this Malacca Driving School Management System included the targeted user and function that included in the system.1.4.1 UserThe user of this Malacca Driving School Management System will be divided into high-level staff, low-level staff and others users.i) High-level staffThe administrator is the high-level staff. They have high level authority of using the system. Beside that, they know all the flow of the system and also can view all the details of the system.The administrator will set the data policies for the company, set the standard forcontrol and usage of data.The administrators also have to make the back-up, maintenance and tuning of the system.Besides all the common functions of the system, the most obvious authority they have are view the report of the center's progress, and financial.ii) Low-level staffStaff has to place for the registration of new students or staff, such as personal details and others.The staff also can add, update and search for the related data.By the way, low-level staff cannot delete the data that related to the registration.Low-level staff also cannot view the report information.1.4.2 FunctionThis system includes several functions which are:1.4.2.1 Registrationi) AddThe user can add new students or staff into the database.This function can do by the authorize staff of this company.ii) DeleteThe user can delete the data of the students and staff. It is include the details of them.iii) EditThey also can edit the changes of the students or instructors and save it as update data.iv) SearchThis function is for the user search the related data or any information.The user can search information about the students, and staff details.The staff can search the data by id number, name of students and instructors.1.4.2.2 Log InBefore they use this system, the high-level staff and low-level staff need to be log in.They will enter the user id and the password.After success to log in, they can proceed to use the system.1.4.2.3 Log OutAfter the user finishing use the system and they want to exit, they need to log out from the system.1.4.2.4 SearchingThis function is for the user search the related data or any information.The user can search information about the students and staff.The staff can search the data by ID number of students or staff.1.4.2.5 Paymenti) AddThe staff can add the new payment of the students into the system.The low-level staff will always use this function.ii) DeleteThe staff can delete the unneeded data of the payment.iii) EditThe staff can make the changes of the payment data.iv) SearchThey also can search the unpaid or total payment.They can search the related data by the ID number of students.1.5 Project SignificanceThe projects significant of this project are:i) Data storage managementThe data that are stored in database will be easily manage and access. The top Level management can provide ad hoc query for the database. For example, the student's details can be archive by the student's IC Number; this is also for the updating, payment and searching.ii) Decrease TimeIt will decrease processing time because we have the database. The user can search information fast and accurately. Misinformation will be avoided because the databases are effective and accurate in management the data. For an example just by key in the student's ID, the staff can retrieve all the information about the student and the information related.iii) Security managementThis system will determine which user can access the database, which data item the user may access and which data operation (read, delete, add or modify) that the user may perform.This is important because there are many users that use the system every day and the security of the system is important to protect the database fiom unauthorized person.iv) Data integrity managementBy using this system, data redundancy and maximizing data consistency can be minimizing.v) Backup and Recovery The system provide backup and recovery procedures to ensure data safety and data integrity. Recovery management deals with the recovery of the database after a failure, such as a bad sector in the disc or a power failure. The user will not worry if the system is corrupt; all the data have been back up and recover.1.6 Expected Outputi) System that can process and access data and information faster. Users can manipulate data in the system easier and faster without losing quality of the data. This system will help them to manage the driving school better than before. Beside that it also can avoid he losing of the important data.ii) Final report that contain all the information about the system.Complete report that contains all information about the system. Other person can refer to the report for their understanding about the system. It includes how the system works, who the target users and many more.1.7 ConclusionThe Malacca Driving School Management System is a system that comes up with a lot of advantages to the driving school center which is new operating using computerized system. The entire problem with conventional way is overcome with the Malacca Driving School Management System. Through the system, the driving school's center operation done within short period, make the staff work easier and also give the driving school's center chance to think about enlarge the center to the next level. On the other hand, there is some vulnerability of the use this system, where the students still have to contact the driving school's center. Apart from that, the driving school's center which use to operate manually where the staffs are not familiar with computerized system have to expand their budget by sending their staffs for courses before using this system. Even there are some weaknesses but the advantage of the system is more valuable to the driving school center for the development in the future.译文马六甲驾驶学校管理系统资料来源:.my/index.php?option=com_docman&task= doc_details &gid=3347&Itemid=208 作者：西蒂．哈杰尔宾蒂．翟纳尔摘要发达国家的驾校在借鉴马六甲驾驶学校管理系统（MDSMS）之后操作更加快捷，查找资料更方便，保存记录和检索数据更有效。
三分钟说明性英语演讲稿(3篇)
第1篇Ladies and gentlemen,Good morning/afternoon/evening. Today, I would like to talk about an issue that concerns us all – environmental protection. As we all know, our planet is facing numerous environmental challenges, and it is high time we take action to protect our environment.Firstly, let's talk about the impact of climate change. Over the pastfew decades, the Earth's temperature has been rising at an alarming rate. This rise in temperature is primarily caused by the excessive emissionof greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. These gases trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. The consequences of global warming are severe and far-reaching, including rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and the loss of biodiversity.To address this issue, we need to reduce our carbon footprint. One ofthe most effective ways to do this is by adopting renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. These sources are clean and sustainable, and they can help us reduce our reliance onfossil fuels. Additionally, we should promote energy conservation and efficiency in our daily lives. By turning off lights and appliances when not in use, using energy-efficient appliances, and driving less, we can significantly reduce our carbon emissions.Secondly, deforestation is another critical environmental issue. Trees play a vital role in our ecosystem, as they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Unfortunately, due to deforestation, the number of trees is decreasing rapidly. This not only affects the balance of our ecosystem but also contributes to global warming. To combat deforestation, we need to promote sustainable forestry practices and reforestation efforts. We should also support initiatives that protect natural forests and wildlife habitats.Moreover, pollution is a significant threat to our environment. Air, water, and soil pollution can lead to various health problems, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. To tackle this issue, we needto implement stricter regulations on industrial emissions and waste disposal. We should also promote the use of environmentally friendly products and practices, such as recycling, composting, and using biodegradable materials.In addition to these challenges, we must also address the issue of plastic pollution. Plastic waste is a major threat to our oceans and wildlife. Animals often mistake plastic for food, which can lead to poisoning and death. To combat plastic pollution, we should reduce our use of single-use plastics, recycle more, and support companies that produce sustainable and biodegradable alternatives.Furthermore, it is essential to raise awareness about the importance of environmental protection. Education plays a crucial role in fostering a sense of responsibility and urgency among individuals and communities. By promoting environmental education in schools and communities, we can encourage people to take action and make sustainable choices in their daily lives.In conclusion, environmental protection is a global issue that requires the collective efforts of individuals, governments, and organizations. By adopting renewable energy, promoting sustainable forestry, tackling pollution, reducing plastic waste, and raising awareness, we can create a healthier and more sustainable future for ourselves and future generations.Let us all take responsibility for our actions and work together to protect our planet. Thank you.第2篇Ladies and gentlemen,Good morning/afternoon/evening. Today, I would like to talk about a topic that is often overlooked but holds immense importance – the conservation of water. Water is a precious resource, and we must take action to protect and preserve it for future generations.To begin with, let us understand the significance of water in our lives. Water is essential for our survival, and it plays a crucial role in various aspects of our daily lives. We need water to drink, cook, and clean. It is also vital for agriculture, industries, and maintaining ecological balance. Unfortunately, water scarcity is a growing concern worldwide, and we need to address this issue promptly.Firstly, water scarcity poses a significant threat to human health. Without access to clean water, people are prone to waterborne diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, and typhoid. In fact, water scarcity and poor water quality are responsible for millions of deaths and illnesses each year. By conserving water, we can reduce the risk of waterborne diseases and improve public health.Secondly, water scarcity has a profound impact on agriculture. Water is the primary requirement for crop irrigation, and without it,agricultural productivity will suffer. This, in turn, can lead to food shortages and increased prices, affecting millions of people around the world. By conserving water in agriculture, we can ensure food security and reduce the burden on our planet's resources.Furthermore, water scarcity can lead to conflicts and social unrest. In many regions, water is a limited resource, and competition for it can lead to tensions between communities. In some cases, conflicts overwater have even escalated into wars. By conserving water, we can prevent such conflicts and promote peace and stability.So, how can we conserve water? Here are some practical steps that we can take:1. Reduce water consumption: We can start by reducing our water usage in daily activities. This includes turning off the tap while brushing teeth, taking shorter showers, and fixing leaks promptly.2. Efficient irrigation: In agriculture, adopting efficient irrigation techniques such as drip irrigation can significantly reduce water consumption. Additionally, promoting crop diversification and water-saving crops can also help.3. Water recycling: Recycling and reusing water can help in conserving this precious resource. For instance, treated wastewater can be used for irrigation and industrial purposes.4. Awareness and education: Spreading awareness about the importance of water conservation and educating people on sustainable water management practices can go a long way in making a positive impact.5. Policy and regulations: Governments should implement strict policies and regulations to ensure water conservation. This includes setting water usage limits, imposing fines for water wastage, and promoting water-saving technologies.In conclusion, water conservation is a crucial issue that requires our immediate attention. By taking collective action and adopting sustainable practices, we can ensure a sufficient water supply forfuture generations. Let us not take water for granted and work together to protect this invaluable resource.Thank you for your attention.第3篇Ladies and gentlemen,Good morning/afternoon/evening. It is my great honor to stand before you today to discuss a topic that is often overlooked but profoundly significant: the importance of mental health in modern society. As we navigate through the complexities of our daily lives, it is crucial that we recognize the value of mental well-being and take proactive steps to promote it. I will take three minutes to highlight some key points regarding this vital issue.Firstly, let us acknowledge that mental health is an integral part of overall health. Just as we prioritize physical fitness and maintain our bodies through exercise and a balanced diet, we must also prioritize mental health. Mental well-being is essential for our emotional, psychological, and social development. It allows us to cope with stress, face challenges, and maintain healthy relationships.In today's fast-paced world, we are bombarded with numerous stressors. Work demands, financial pressures, social expectations, andtechnological advancements can all take a toll on our mental health. According to the World Health Organization, mental health disorders are the leading cause of disability worldwide. Therefore, it is imperative that we address the issue of mental health to ensure that individualscan lead fulfilling lives.One of the primary reasons mental health should be a priority is its impact on productivity. When individuals suffer from mental health issues, their ability to perform at work or school is compromised. This not only affects their own lives but also has a ripple effect on the economy and society as a whole. Employees with poor mental health may be more likely to experience absenteeism, reduced job satisfaction, and decreased productivity. Investing in mental health can lead to a more motivated and efficient workforce.Furthermore, mental health plays a crucial role in our social fabric. When individuals struggle with mental health challenges, it can lead to social isolation, relationship breakdowns, and even violence. By promoting mental health, we can foster a more compassionate and supportive society. Education and awareness campaigns can help break the stigma associated with mental health issues, encouraging individuals to seek help without fear of judgment or discrimination.In order to address mental health concerns effectively, it is essential to provide accessible and affordable mental health services. Many individuals are unable to afford therapy or medication, which can exacerbate their conditions. Governments, organizations, and communities must work together to ensure that mental health care is available to all. This includes investing in mental health professionals, expanding insurance coverage for mental health services, and creating supportive environments in schools, workplaces, and public spaces.Another important aspect of promoting mental health is encouraging open dialogue about the subject. By talking about mental health, we can normalize discussions around it and reduce the stigma associated with seeking help. It is crucial that we create a safe space for individualsto share their experiences and seek support. This can be achieved through social media campaigns, community events, and educational programs.Lastly, we must recognize that mental health is not just an individual responsibility but a collective one. We all have a role to play in promoting a mentally healthy society. This includes being supportive friends, family members, and colleagues, as well as advocating for policy changes and increased funding for mental health services.In conclusion, the importance of mental health in modern society cannot be overstated. It is a cornerstone of our overall well-being, productivity, and social fabric. By prioritizing mental health, we can create a more compassionate, supportive, and efficient world. Let us work together to address this critical issue and ensure that everyone has access to the mental health care they need to thrive.Thank you for your attention.。
安徽省蚌埠市A层高中2024-2025学年高一上学期11月期中考试(含解析)
2024—2025学年蚌埠市A层高中第二次联考高一英语试卷命题单位：怀远一中（试卷满分：150分，考试时间：120分钟）注意事项：1、答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
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第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面 5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
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1. What will the man do tonightA. Stay at home.B. Go to a game.C. Attend a fashion show.2. What is the man most likely to do these daysA. Learn photography.B. Play sports.C. Draw pictures.3. How does Lucas feelA. Surprised.B. Annoyed.C. Excited.4. Where are the speakersA. At a library.B. At a bookstore.C. At a supermarket.5. Why is Danny moving to SeattleA. He will be working there.B. He enjoys the weather there.C. He wants to get away from home.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。
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Improve your driving:
- Smart driving - Eco-driving
Driving theory and practical tests:
50 questions multiple-choice test
The « Pass Plus »: The formula: Code + licence for a best price
IUP Driving School Trefilerie “THE Driving tuition you can trust !!”
Brief presentation about Project
• Company ‘IUP Driving School International’ Company– IUP • Franchise in Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Toulouse, Bordeaux in France, and also in London, Dublin, Berlin, and Madrid • Activity Activity-Open a new franchise in the city of Saint-Etienne “IUP Driving School Trefilerie for car only.” • Managing Director: Fabien DARGAUD • Team member Jie-marketing research, member: Jianhua-communication, Meriem-data base administrator, Baptiste-website developer, XiaProject Manager
Driving Lessons
Learn to drive with IUP Driving School Trefielerie
Pass the Code with success: About our lessons:
The instructor evaluate how many hours you need 5 errors maximum during the test
Getting started • You need to be 17 to start learning to drive and have a valid provisional licence before you take your first driving lessons.
Your instructor will estimate how long you are likely to need after your first lesson. The current average is 45 hours of tuition (Driving Standards Agency average, 2006), with 22 hours of private practice. Two-hour lessons and our tips for practising driving can help you learn faster.
Helps new drivers gain valuable experience and skills
Get prices and book online by choosing your instructor
Become a driving instructor:
- Be over 21 years old - Driving licence of 3years
Drive confident:
Free training with qualified driving instructors
Design of website
• Please look for more information on our web site www.iupdrivi ngschoolst.c om
Thank your for your attention.
Market Study
TARGET： TARGET： Teenagers, Young adults and Students for Category B driving licence. . We have find the list of students of Jean Monnet University as the our important potential clients. OFFERS: The wide range of driver services one-stop facility onefacility--including registration, licensing, etc The lowest cost drivers education services with comparable quality.
Advertisement
• Send the flyer as the right one to students of Jean Monnet University who are our important potential custom Lessons
Competitors study
• We’ve done also a research of existing competitor in Saint étienne:
The keys to success for the project
• Lower costs with comparable quality • Cost control officer • cost reduction program • Strengthen and pursue partnerships and strategic alliances with suppliers • Aggressively pursue contracts with organizations • Alliance & Leicester Commercial Bank