XML实训指导书(4)
XML实验一 熟悉XML工具(淮海工学院)
淮海工学院计算机工程学院实验报告书课程名：《XML开发技术》题目：熟悉XML工具班级：*******学号：201*******姓名：***评语：成绩：指导教师：批阅时间：年月日一．实验目的(1)通过实验，了解XMP SPY的集成开发环境(2)通过实验，熟悉并掌握XML文档的良构性要求(5点要求)(3)能够编写一个良构的XML文档二．实验内容(1) 编写良构的XML文档orders.xml，来描述订单的相关信息。
(2) 编写良构的XML文档stuInfo.xml或teachInfo.xml，来描述学生/教师的信息。
(3)编写良构的XML文档poems.xml,描述唐诗300首的信息，请给出至少两首古诗的内容。
三．实验步骤(1)在网络没有联通的情况下，打开XMLSPY环境;(2)编写XML文档（不受DTD约束）(3)验证XML文档的良构性(Well-formed)四．实验结果第一题第二题第三题实验源码：1．<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312"?><orders><order><customerID>c0500069</customerID><order_date>20050517</order_date><order_status>pending</order_status><items><item><bookID>001</bookID><quantity>10</quantity><item_status>pending</item_status> </item></items></order><order><customerID>c500701</customerID><order_date>20050712</order_date><order_status>pending</order_status><items><item><bookID>002</bookID><quantity>30</quantity><item_status>pending</item_status></item><item><bookID>003</bookID><quantity>20</quantity><item_status>pending</item_status></item></items></order></orders>2．<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><students><student><stu_name>张三</stu_name><stu_sex>男</stu_sex><stu_age>20</stu_age><stu_class>软件111</stu_class><course><course_name>高数</course_name><course_teacher>王老师</course_teacher><course_score>74</course_score></course></student><student><stu_name>李红</stu_name><stu_sex>女</stu_sex><stu_age>21</stu_age><stu_class>网络111</stu_class><course><course_name>网络</course_name><course_teacher>张老师</course_teacher><course_score>85</course_score></course></student><student><stu_name>王五</stu_name><stu_sex>男</stu_sex><stu_age>20</stu_age><stu_class>软件112</stu_class><course><course_name>毛概</course_name><course_teacher>李老师</course_teacher><course_score>72</course_score></course></student></students>3．<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><poems><poem><poem_name>凉州词</poem_name><poem_author>王翰</poem_author><content><paragraph>葡萄美酒夜光杯</paragraph><paragraph>欲饮琵琶马上催</paragraph><paragraph>醉卧沙场君莫笑</paragraph><paragraph>古来征战几人回</paragraph></content></poem><poem><poem_name>贾生</poem_name><poem_author>李商隐</poem_author><content><paragraph>宣室求贤访逐臣</paragraph><paragraph>贾生才调更无伦</paragraph><paragraph>可怜夜半虚前席</paragraph><paragraph>不问苍生问鬼神</paragraph></content></poem><poem><poem_name>早发白帝城</poem_name><poem_author>李白</poem_author><content><paragraph>朝辞白帝彩云间</paragraph><paragraph>千里江陵一日还</paragraph><paragraph>两岸猿声啼不住</paragraph><paragraph>轻舟已过万重山</paragraph></content></poem></poems>五．实验体会*********************************************************************** *************************************************************************** *************************************************************************** **。
XML及其应用课程实习讲义
第1章基础知识实训1、设计书籍记录，book.xml（简略信息如下，可以根据自己的合理理解重新设计，书籍记录不少于20条）。
<book id="0001" bookcategory="文艺" amount="150" remain="80" discount="8.5"><title>三国演义</title><author>罗贯中</author><publisher>文艺出版社</publisher><ISBN>0-764-58007-8</ISBN><price>80</price></book>2、按1的设计要求为其编写相应的DTD，在编写DTD 之前，应以自然语言方式给出节点详细的有效性说明，如：（1）属性id必须出现】…3、按1的设计要求为其编写相应的schema，在编写schema之前，应以自然语言方式给出节点详细的有效性说明，如：（1）name元素是小于长度20的字符串（2）age是小于100的整型…4、编写book.xsl，用表格显示所有的记录（可以使用XSL技术或其它技术）注：以下实现采用SAX、DOM技术或其它技术5、编写book.jsp用表单的形式使用户能够翻阅前后条记录，并且可以提醒用户已经在第一条记录和已到达最后一条记录。
6、编写book-split.jsp，要求用表格分页显示记录，并可以动态修改每页显示的记录样式类似下图所示：7、编写book-jump.htm，要求用表格分页显示记录，每页3个记录，可以上下翻页，可以直接定位到某一页，并在页面显示总共页数。
对于表格中的每一条记录，点击之后可以单独另外显示。
样式类似下图所示：8、提高：把文件author.xml中的字段blog,email,pic字段按超链接，mail格式，图片显示输出。
XML基础教程（Tutorials Point）说明书
About the T utorialXML stands for Ex tensible M arkup L anguage and is a text-based markup language derived from Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).This tutorial will teach you the basics of XML. The tutorial is divided into sections such as XML Basics, Advanced XML, and XML tools. Each of these sections contain related topics with simple and useful examples.AudienceThis reference has been prepared for beginners to help them understand the basic to advanced concepts related to XML. This tutorial will give you enough understanding on XML from where you can take yourself to a higher level of expertise. PrerequisitesBefore proceeding with this tutorial, you should have basic knowledge of HTML and JavaScript.Copyright & DisclaimerCopyright 2018 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher.We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or inthistutorial,******************************************T able of ContentsAbout the Tutorial (i)Audience (i)Prerequisites (i)Copyright & Disclaimer (i)Table of Contents (ii)XML BASICS (1)1.XML – Overview (2)XML Usage (2)What is Markup? (3)Is XML a Programming Language? (3)2.XML – Syntax (4)3.XML – Documents (9)Document Prolog Section (9)Document Elements Section (10)4.XML – Declaration (11)5.XML – Tags (14)Start Tag (14)End Tag (14)Empty Tag (14)XML Tags Rules (15)6.XML – Elements (16)Empty Element (16)XML Elements Rules (17)7.XML – Attributes (18)Attribute Types (19)Element Attribute Rules (20)8.XML – Comments (21)XML Comments Rules (21)9.XML – Character Entities (22)Types of Character Entities (22)10.XML – CDATA Sections (24)CDATA Rules (25)11.XML – Whitespaces (26)Significant Whitespace (26)Insignificant Whitespace (26)12.XML – Processing (27)Processing Instructions Rules (28)13.XML – Encoding (29)Encoding Types (29)14.XML – Validation (31)Well-formed XML Document (31)Valid XML Document (32)ADVANCE XML (33)15.XML – DTDs (34)Internal DTD (34)External DTD (36)Types (37)16.XML – Schemas (39)Definition Types (40)17.XML – Tree Structure (42)18.XML – DOM (45)19.XML – Namespaces (47)Namespace Declaration (47)20.XML – Databases (48)XML Database Types (48)XML- Enabled Database (48)XML TOOLS (50)21.XML – Viewers (51)Text Editors (51)Firefox Browser (52)Chrome Browser (52)Errors in XML Document (52)22.XML – Editors (54)Open Source XML Editors (54)23.XML – Parsers (55)24.XML – Processors (56)Types (56)XML Basics11.XML stands for E xtensible M arkup L anguage. It is a text-based markup language derived from Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).XML tags identify the data and are used to store and organize the data, rather than specifying how to display it like HTML tags, which are used to display the data. XML is not going to replace HTML in the near future, but it introduces new possibilities by adopting many successful features of HTML.There are three important characteristics of XML that make it useful in a variety of systems and solutions:∙XML is extensible: XML allows you to create your own self-descriptive tags or language, that suits your application.∙XML carries the data, does not present it: XML allows you to store the data irrespective of how it will be presented.∙XML is a public standard: XML was developed by an organization called the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and is available as an open standard.XML UsageA short list of XML usage says it all:∙XML can work behind the scene to simplify the creation of HTML documents for large web sites.∙XML can be used to exchange the information between organizations and systems.∙XML can be used for offloading and reloading of databases.∙XML can be used to store and arrange the data, which can customize your data handling needs.∙XML can easily be merged with style sheets to create almost any desired output.∙Virtually, any type of data can be expressed as an XML document.2What is Markup?XML is a markup language that defines set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. So, what exactly is a markup language? Markup is information added to a document that enhances its meaning in certain ways, in that it identifies the parts and how they relate to each other. More specifically, a markup language is a set of symbols that can be placed in the text of a document to demarcate and label the parts of that document.Following example shows how XML markup looks, when embedded in a piece of text:This snippet includes the markup symbols, or the tags such as <message>...</message> and <text>... </text>. The tags <message> and </message> mark the start and the end of the XML code fragment. The tags <text> and </text> surround the text Hello, world!. Is XML a Programming Language?A programming language consists of grammar rules and its own vocabulary which is used to create computer programs. These programs instruct the computer to perform specific tasks. XML does not qualify to be a programming language as it does not perform any computation or algorithms. It is usually stored in a simple text file and is processed by special software that is capable of interpreting XML.32.In this chapter, we will discuss the simple syntax rules to write an XML document. Following is a complete XML document:You can notice, there are two kinds of information in the above example: ∙Markup, like <contact-info>∙The text, or the character data, Tutorials Point and (040) 123-4567The following diagram depicts the syntax rules to write different types of markup and text in an XML document.Let us see each component of the above diagram in detail.4XML DeclarationThe XML document can optionally have an XML declaration. It is written as follows:Where version is the XML version and encoding specifies the character encoding used in the document.Syntax Rules for XML Declaration∙The XML declaration is case sensitive and must begin with "<?xml>" where "xml"is written in lower-case.∙If the document contains XML declaration, then it strictly needs to be the first statement of the XML document.∙The XML declaration strictly needs be the first statement in the XML document.∙An HTTP protocol can override the value of encoding that you put in the XML declaration.T ags and ElementsAn XML file is structured by several XML-elements, also called XML-nodes or XML-tags. The names of XML-elements are enclosed in triangular brackets < > as shown below:Syntax Rules for Tags and ElementsElement Syntax: Each XML-element needs to be closed either with start or with end elements as shown below:or in simple-cases, just this way:Nesting of Elements: An XML-element can contain multiple XML-elements as its children, but the children elements must not overlap. i.e., an end tag of an element must have the same name as that of the most recent unmatched start tag.56The following example shows incorrect nested tags:The following example shows correct nested tags:Root Element: An XML document can have only one root element. For example, following is not a correct XML document, because both the x andy elements occur at the top level without a root element:The following example shows a correctly formed XML document:Case Sensitivity: The names of XML-elements are case-sensitive. That means the name of the start and the end elements need to be exactly in the same case.For example, <contact-info> is different from <Contact-Info>.XML AttributesAn attribute specifies a single property for the element, using a name/value pair. An XML-element can have one or more attributes. For example:Here href is the attribute name and / is attribute value.Syntax Rules for XML Attributes∙Attribute names in XML (unlike HTML) are case sensitive. That is,HREF and href are considered two different XML attributes.∙Same attribute cannot have two values in a syntax. The following example shows incorrect syntax because the attribute b is specified twice:∙Attribute names are defined without quotation marks, whereas attribute values must always appear in quotation marks. Following example demonstrates incorrect xml syntax:In the above syntax, the attribute value is not defined in quotation marks.XML ReferencesReferences usually allow you to add or include additional text or markup in an XML document. References always begin with the symbol "&" which is a reserved character and end with the symbol ";". XML has two types of references:∙Entity References: An entity reference contains a name between the start and the end delimiters. For example, & where amp is name. The name refers toa predefined string of text and/or markup.∙Character References: These contain references, such as A, contains a hash mark (“#”) followed by a number. The number always refers to the Unicode code of a character. In this case, 65 refers to alphabet "A".XML T extThe names of XML-elements and XML-attributes are case-sensitive, which means the name of start and end elements need to be written in the same case. To avoid character encoding problems, all XML files should be saved as Unicode UTF-8 or UTF-16 files.Whitespace characters like blanks, tabs and line-breaks between XML-elements and between the XML-attributes will be ignored.Some characters are reserved by the XML syntax itself. Hence, they cannot be used directly. To use them, some replacement-entities are used, which are listed below:783.An XML document is a basic unit of XML information composed of elements and other markup in an orderly package. An XML document can contain a wide variety of data. For example, database of numbers, numbers representing molecular structure or a mathematical equation.XML Document ExampleA simple document is shown in the following example:The following image depicts the parts of XML document.Document Prolog SectionDocument Prolog comes at the top of the document, before the root element. This section contains:∙XML declaration∙Document type declarationYou can learn more about XML declaration in this chapter : XML Declaration.Document Elements SectionDocument Elements are the building blocks of XML. These divide the document into a hierarchy of sections, each serving a specific purpose. You can separate a document into multiple sections so that they can be rendered differently, or used by a search engine. The elements can be containers, with a combination of text and other elements.9You can learn more about XML elements in this chapter : XML Elements104.This chapter covers XML declaration in detail. XML declaration contains details that prepare an XML processor to parse the XML document. It is optional, but when used, it must appear in the first line of the XML document.SyntaxFollowing syntax shows XML declaration:Each parameter consists of a parameter name, an equals sign (=), and parameter value inside a quote. Following table shows the above syntax in detail:11RulesAn XML declaration should abide with the following rules:∙If the XML declaration is present in the XML, it must be placed as the first line in the XML document.∙If the XML declaration is included, it must contain version number attribute.∙The parameter names and values are case-sensitive.∙The names are always in lower case.∙The order of placing the parameters is important. The correct order is:version, encoding and standalone.∙Either single or double quotes may be used.∙The XML declaration has no closing tag, i.e. </?xml>XML Declaration ExamplesFollowing are few examples of XML declarations:XML declaration with no parameters:XML declaration with version definition:XML declaration with all parameters defined:XML declaration with all parameters defined in single quotes:125.Let us learn about one of the most important part of XML, the XML tags. XML tags form the foundation of XML. They define the scope of an element in XML. They can also be used to insert comments, declare settings required for parsing the environment, and to insert special instructions.We can broadly categorize XML tags as follows:Start T agThe beginning of every non-empty XML element is marked by a start-tag. Following is an example of start-tag:End T agEvery element that has a start tag should end with an end-tag. Following is an example of end-tag:Note, that the end tags include a solidus ("/") before the name of an element.Empty T agThe text that appears between start-tag and end-tag is called content. An element which has no content is termed as empty. An empty element can be represented in two ways as follows:A start-tag immediately followed by an end-tag as shown below:A complete empty-element tag is as shown below:Empty-element tags may be used for any element which has no content.13End of ebook previewIf you liked what you saw…Buy it from our store @ https://14。
xml实验指导书
实验一HTML基础一、实验目的了解网页设计的基本概念及HTML 的基本知识，掌握HTML 文档的基本结构，熟悉常用HTML 元素标记的功能及使用方法。
掌握格式化网页文本的常用方法，熟悉在网页中链接语句的使用方法。
二、实验内容使用Windows的记事本输入、编辑并保存完整的HTML文件，并在IE浏览器中打开，巩固HTML的相关概念和HTML的文档基本结构和标记，为进一步的学习XML 的规范和标记奠定基础。
三、实验指导1、熟悉HTM文档基本结构编写如下内容，保存文件名为code2_1.html。
<html><head><title>盐城工学院</title></head><body>博雅学院BM计算机091</body></html>在Windows 的记事本中输入、编辑并保存此文件(保存时文件名要有.html 的扩展名，并选择“所有文件”格式来保存)，然后，双击此文件图标，则系统自动用IE 打开此文件，如图所示2、以不同于正文的方式显示各级子标题，代码如源程序code2_2.html 所示。
<html><head><title>盐城工学院标题字体大小</title></head><body><h1>h1 博雅学院</h1><h2>h2 化生学院</h2><h3>h3 纺服学院</h3><h4>h4 土木学院</h4>这是正文</body></html>其执行结果如图所示。
3、换行显示和显示一条水平线，代码如源程序code2_3.html 所示。
<html><head><title>这是网页标题</title></head><body>静夜思<br>床前明月光，<br>疑似地上霜。
xml技术基础课程设计
xml技术基础课程设计一、课程目标知识目标：1. 理解XML（可扩展标记语言）的基本概念，掌握XML文档的结构和组成。
2. 学会使用XML声明、元素、属性和实体等基本语法。
3. 掌握如何在XML中使用样式表，使XML文档具有良好的展示效果。
4. 了解XML与数据库的关联，掌握XML数据查询和操作的基本方法。
技能目标：1. 能够编写符合规范的XML文档，并能进行有效的验证。
2. 掌握使用XPath进行XML数据定位和查询的技巧。
3. 学会使用至少一种XML编辑工具（如XMLSpy、Notepad++等）进行XML文档的编写和调试。
4. 能够运用所学知识，完成XML与数据库的交互操作。
情感态度价值观目标：1. 培养学生良好的编程习惯，注重代码规范和结构清晰。
2. 培养学生的团队协作精神，通过小组讨论和实践，共同解决问题。
3. 激发学生对计算机科学的兴趣，引导他们认识到XML技术在现实生活中的广泛应用和价值。
本课程针对高年级学生，在分析课程性质、学生特点和教学要求的基础上，将课程目标分解为具体的学习成果。
通过本课程的学习，学生将能够掌握XML 技术的基本知识和技能，为后续学习数据库、Web开发等课程打下坚实基础。
同时，课程注重培养学生的团队协作和编程实践能力，使他们在面对实际问题时有能力运用所学知识进行分析和解决。
二、教学内容1. XML基本概念：介绍XML的定义、作用和适用范围，使学生了解XML的背景和重要性。
- 教材章节：第一章 XML概述- 内容列举：XML定义、发展历程、应用场景2. XML文档结构：讲解XML声明、元素、属性、注释等基本组成部分，使学生掌握XML文档的编写规范。
- 教材章节：第二章 XML文档结构- 内容列举：XML声明、元素、属性、注释、处理指令3. XML语法规则：介绍XML的命名空间、实体、CDATA区等高级语法，提高学生对XML编写的灵活性和规范性。
- 教材章节：第三章 XML语法- 内容列举：命名空间、实体、CDATA区、转义字符4. XML样式表：讲解XSLT和XPath的基本使用，使XML文档具有良好的展示效果。
XML基础入门和简易教程.word精品文档45页
什么是XML资料引用:http://knowsky/343580.htmlxml即可扩展标记语言（eXtensible Markup Language）。
标记是指计算机所能理解的信息符号，通过此种标记，计算机之间可以处理包含各种信息的文章等。
如何定义这些标记，既可以选择国际通用的标记语言，比如HTML，也可以使用象XML这样由相关人士自由决定的标记语言，这就是语言的可扩展性。
XML是从SGML中简化修改出来的。
它主要用到的有XML、XSL 和XPath等。
上面这段是对XML的一个基本定义，一个被广泛接受的说明。
简单说，XML就是一种数据的描述语言，虽然它是语言，但是通常情况下，它并不具备常见语言的基本功能——被计算机识别并运行。
只有依靠另一种语言，来解释它，使它达到你想要的效果或被计算机所接受。
假如你是刚接触XML的新手，那么可能并无法从定义上是了解XML是什么。
也许，你可以换个角度来认识XML是什么；从应用面来认识XML，从XML可以做些什么来认识它，这应该能比那更空洞的定义对你更有帮助。
XML应用面主要分为两种类型，文档型和数据型。
下面介绍一下几种常见的XML应用：1、自定义XML+XSLT=>HTML，最常见的文档型应用之一。
XML存放整个文档的XML数据，然后XSLT将XML转换、解析，结合XSLT中的HTML标签，最终成为HTML，显示在浏览器上。
典型的例子就是CSDN上的帖子。
2、XML作为微型数据库，这是最常见的数据型应用之一。
我们利用相关的XML API（MSXML DOM、java DOM等）对XML进行存取和查询。
留言板的实现中，就经常可以看到用XML 作为数据库。
3、作为通信数据。
最典型的就是WEB SERVICE，利用XML来传递数据。
4、作为一些应用程序的配置信息数据。
常见的如J2EE配置WEB服务器时用的web.XML。
5、其他一些文档的XML格式。
如Word、Excel等。
创建xml的实验步骤
创建xml的实验步骤XML（可扩展标记语言）是一种用于存储和传输数据的通用标记语言。
它被广泛用于网页设计、数据交换和文档存储。
在本实验中，我们将学习如何创建XML文档。
以下是创建XML文档的实验步骤：1. 了解XML基础在开始创建XML文档之前，了解XML的基础知识是很重要的。
XML是一种标记语言，它使用嵌套的元素来表示数据。
每个元素都有一个开始标签和结束标签，以及一个可选的属性和文本内容。
例如，以下是一个简单的XML文档示例：```<book><title>Book Title</title><author>Author Name</author><price>10.99</price></book>```2. 创建一个新的文本编辑器或IDE为了创建XML文档，你需要一个文本编辑器或集成开发环境（IDE）。
有许多免费和付费的选项可供选择，如Notepad++、Sublime Text、Visual Studio Code 等。
选择一个适合你需求的编辑器，并安装任何必要的插件或扩展。
3. 创建一个新的XML文件在文本编辑器中创建一个新的文本文件。
将其命名为“example.xml”，并保存为XML格式。
这将在文件顶部创建一个XML声明：```<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>```4. 编写XML元素和属性现在你可以开始编写XML元素和属性。
以下是一个简单的示例：```xml<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><catalog><book><title>Book Title 1</title><author>Author 1</author><price>10.99</price></book><book><title>Book Title 2</title><author>Author 2</author><price>12.99</price></book></catalog>```5. 验证XML文档的语法在保存XML文件后，可以使用在线验证工具检查XML文档的语法是否正确。
《XML》教学大纲.doc
《XML》教学大纲课程类型：专业选修课总学时：18 讲课学时：9 实验（上机）学时：9学分：1适用对象：计算机科学与技术一、课程的教学目标“XML技术”是计算机类专业本科生的一名专业选修课程。
通过本课程的学习，旨在使学生在学习XML技术及其在各相关领域的应用。
课程分两部分进行：首先是XML技术，将介绍XML的相关背景及基本知识、结构定义、格式、程序界面、超链接等。
接下来介绍以XML技术为基础的服务，包括架构、协定、描述等。
最后熟练相关技术，并能开发简易的Web应用程序。
二、教学基本要求作为本科生一个学期的课程，重点掌握XML的基础知识和基本技能，以及XML的一般应用。
本课程的特点是理论性强，逻辑性强，其教学方式应注重启发式、引导式。
本课程将完成如下教学冃标：（一）从内容上，使学生理解XML作为可扩展标记语言的基本概念，掌握书写XML的基本语法，理解文档类型定义DTD、XML Schema> XSL转换、XML 文档对象模型等内容。
（二）从能力方面，应使学生熟练掌握XML的基本知识，能自己设计DTD、Schema文档,能熟练掌握XML到HTML的转换,熟练掌握XML屮的DOM和SAXo（三）从教学方而，本课程耍实现教、学、做相结合，采用案例和理论教学相结合，以能力培养为中心和出发点，在教学的过程中，注重发挥学生的主观能动性，精讲多练，启发学生思考，培养学生分析问题的能力和实际的编程能力。
要求学生已修过《计算机应用基础》、《程序设计基础》、《软件技术基础》、《Web技术》。
考核方式以闭卷笔试形式（70%）考察学生对课程的掌握程度，将课程设计（30%）作为平时表现。
三、各教学环节学时分配教学课时分配序号章节内容讲课实践其他合计1第1章XML概述1122第2章XML语法2133第3章DTD规范XML文档2244第4章XSL转换XML文档1235第5章DOM解析XML文档2246第6眾SAX解析XML文档112合计9918四、教学内容第一章XML概述第一节标记语言的发展第二节XML的特点和应用前景第三节文档的数据结构第四节开发和应用环境课程的考核要求：了解标记语言的发展、XML的特点、应用前景，理解并掌握XML的基本概念、XML开发和应用环境教学重点：标记语言产生原因和发展、SGML语言、HTML超文本标记语言。
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实训四：分别采用全局和局部组件方式为训练一的 XML文档创建一个验证Schema 实训目的:
1、理解全局组件与局部组件
2、掌握W3C Schema的创建
3、掌握对数据类型的限制
4、掌握对用命令方式对简单类型与复杂类型的创建过程
实训环境：
软件：利用XML SPY 2004软件完成本实训内容。
实训内容:
一、根据实训一创建的XML文档结构及要求，创建一个W3C标准的Schema文件。
1、实训一的XML文档结构如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312"?>
<好友信息>
<好友 ID="1">
<姓名>草先生</姓名>
<性别>男</性别>
<出生日期>1981-07-06</出生日期>
<友好度>最好</友好度>
<联系方式>
<电话>88888888</电话>
<QQ>11111</QQ>
<E_Mail>abc@</E_Mail>
</联系方式>
<地址>四川省成都市</地址>
<备注><![CDATA[这个朋友在学习上对我的帮助最大]]></备注>
</好友>
</好友信息>
具体要求：
①．<姓名>元素的数据类型为：字符型
②．<出生年月>元素的数据类型为：日期
③．<性别>元素的值只能是：“男”或者“女”。
④．<联系方式>下的三个子元素按顺序出现。
二、实施过程
具体步骤：
1、启动XML SPY2004软件
2、创建Schema文档
选择菜单项[File]－选择[New]－选择xsd, XML Schema File文档－单击[OK]按钮,如图4-1所示。
3、选择“Text”，如图4-2所示。
4、把图4-3中蓝色选中的内容删除。
5、根据以上的具体要求来创建Schema文档，并以Friends.xsd保存，并让指导老师进行检查。
实训数据参考：如图4-4所示。
图 4-1
图 4-4
图 4-2
图 4-3
实训分析与总结：
1、Schema与DTD有什么区别？
2、全局与局部组件的区别？
3、在XML文档中怎样引用Schema文档？。