3. 五大基本句型+五大变态句型
. 从英语的五大基本句型入手
一.从英语的五大基本句型入手五大句型是学生们在中学阶段就已经掌握的了。
在这里除了做一个总结性的复习，也是让学生们自己动脑从他们已有的知识中找出名词可以充当的成分。
1.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语例: Walls have ears.主语宾语2.主语+谓语(不及物动词)例: The flowers are blooming.主语3.主语+系动词+表语例: Miss Jones is a secretary.主语表语4.主语+宾语+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)例: The mother will buy the girl a dress.主语宾语5.主语+谓语+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语例: The father, John, considers the child a genius.主语同位语宾语通过对五大句型的分析得出名词可以用来充当主语,宾语,表语和同位语。
在讲解第二大句型的时候,要让学生们注意不及物动词后面是不可以直接跟宾语的,如果要跟宾语必须在后面加“介词”。
如: 1) We are looking the blackboard. (╳)2) We are looking at the blackboard. (√)介词宾语3) We saw the blackboard.动词宾语也就是说在2)句中不及物动词加介词就相当于是及物动词, 那么后面的宾语是做介词的宾语,简称“介宾”; 3)句中宾语直接接在及物动词的后面,那么后面的宾语是做动词的宾语,简称“动宾”。
“介宾”和“动宾”这两个概念一定要让学生明白，有助于学生对宾语从句的理解。
二.将句子转换成名词我将可以转换成名词的句子分为三种情况，即：陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。
1.陈述句陈述句要转换成名词, 直接在句首加“ that”。
例: She’d appreciate it if we all helped out of a bit more. (陈述句)→ That she ’d app reciate it if we all helped out of a bit more.2.一般疑问句一般疑问句通常表示的是对所提问题不知道是肯定还是否定的答案。
英语五大基本句型结构
英语五大基本句型结构基本句型一：SV（主＋谓）Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词（英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成不及物动词与和及物动词。
不及物动词：字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。
不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。
若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，如to,of,at 后方可跟上宾语。
具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得联系动词短语了，如listen to,look at….），不及物动词常见的有：appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,exist,fall,happen,rise （好像还有所有的感官动词（如以上的listen——Eragon注）等等。
如：The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。
She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。
The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。
（happen是不及物动词，但表示“某地(某时)发生了什么事”，常用“sth.+ h appen +地点/时间”这一结构来表达，此时主语应是事情；表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”，要用“sth.+ happen+to sb.”这一结构来表达——Eragon注）基本句型二:SVP(主谓表)(好像有的叫SVC（主系表）——Eragon注)Subject(主语)＋Link.V(系动词)＋redicate(表语)（表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell等词）之后。
——Eragon注）这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态的连系动词。
五大基本句型、七大句子成分、陈述句和疑问句
（二）七大句子成分 主谓宾表定状补
定语:修饰名词或代词
The boy is my brother.
The handsome boy is my brother.
I live in a house.
I live in a house close to some mountains.
状语：修饰动词
I love you.
前后的be动词、情态v.或助动词一致。
isn't.
是的，没有电脑。
(2)前后时态一致。
(3)问句的主语和前面的一致,用人称代词代替。
(4)语调：升调表示疑问，期待对方回答； 降调表示确定，不需要回答。
注：陈述部分是祈使句，疑问部分多用will you Pass me the book, will you/won’t you? Don’t do that again, will you? Let us go for a walk, won’t you? Let’s go for a walk, shall we?
③How+主语+谓语！ How time flies!
三. 疑问句：有疑问语气的句子。
1.一般疑问句：疑问句的一种，是指用yes或no来回答的句子，读升调。 结构：Be动词+主语+其他？ 情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？ 助动词+主语+动词原形+其他？ 简略回答：Yes, 主语+提问词。 No, 主语+提问词+not。
二. 陈述句：用来叙述一个事实，读降调
1.肯定句：主语+be动词+名词/形容词。 主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他。 主语+行为动词+其他。
五大变态句式：倒装、强调、省略、感叹、祈使
【例4】 （重庆卷） It was with the help of the local guide ______ the mountain climber was rescued. rescued A. who B. that C. when D. how
【例5】 （全国2卷） It was only after he had read the papers ______ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. complete A. when B. that C. which D. what
不定式的省略
用to代指不定式的内容，跟在动词后，否定用not to (1) — Will you join in the game? I’d d be glad to (go). —I (2) — Shall I go instead of him? — I prefer f not tt to.
如何区别强调句和主语从句？ 去掉 掉It be…that…把剩下部分组合后仍然通顺，则为强调句； 部 ， ； 否则为it做形式主语的主语从句。 对谓语动词的强调 强调谓语动词，借助助动词do, did, does 例: Do come this evening evening. Jack does study hard now. I did call you last night. night
1
(2) 表语前置： Although he was tired, he still went on with his work. =Tired as he was, he still went on with his work. Although he is a little boy, he can help his mom a lot. =Little boy as he is, is he can help his mom a lot lot. 表语是可数名词，去掉冠词再前置。 (3) 谓语动词前置： 谓语动词前置 Although he might try hard, he didn’t pass the exam. =Try hard as he might, he didn’t pass the exam.
英语五大基本句型结构介绍
英语五大基本句型结构介绍1、主语+谓语，如：we agree.2、主语+谓语+宾语，如：I hate him、I love you.3、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语，如：I give him a book.4、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语，如：I want you to go with me.5、主语+系动词+表语，如：It smells good.扩展资料句型1：Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语)：这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。
1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。
2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。
句型2：Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。
其系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态。
这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。
如：This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。
(2)表示变化。
这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。
如：Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。
句型3：Subject(主语) ＋Verb (谓语) ＋Object (宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。
例：1) He took his bag and left.（名词）他拿着书包离开了。
2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。
五大基本句型
五大基本句型英语是世界上最常见的语言之一，也是许多国家的官方语言。
句型是学习英语的基本功，也是英语口语交流的重要手段之一。
为了更好地学习英语，我们应该熟悉并掌握五大基本句型，这些句型是最常用的，也是最有用的。
首先是疑问句。
疑问句是当我们想询问别人时最常使用的句型。
主要有反意疑问句和一般疑问句。
反意疑问句是对对方陈述的论点提出反对观点，但提出者本身并不表态。
而一般疑问句是提出问句，以便得到信息或指示。
比如：Do you have any free time this afternoon？其次是陈述句。
陈述句是运用最广泛的句型，它很容易掌握，只要按照简单的规则来组织句子就可以了。
陈述句是用来描述一件事的句子，叙述谈话的主题，告诉状态和事实。
比如：He is a doctor.第三是否定句。
我们在用英语交流时，经常会表达出否定的意思，这就需要用到否定句。
最常使用的就是否定结构，即使用否定副词如no，not等来有效地传达出否定意思。
比如：I don like ice cream.第四是感叹句。
当我们想表达出强烈的情绪时，就会使用感叹句。
感叹句可以用来表达惊奇、惊讶以及赞扬等。
感叹句的基本结构为“What +词 +词”，比如：What a wonderful day!最后是祈使句。
祈使句一般用来表达指示、命令、请求、劝告等。
祈使句的基本结构也很简单，只需要将动词放在句首，后跟受词即可，比如：Please be quiet.总之，五大基本句型是我们学习英语口语最基础的句式，也是最常用的句式。
熟练掌握这五大句型，我们就可以进行英文口语交流，促进英语水平的提升。
英语是一种抽象的语言，很多句子都有多种表述方式，但我们应该以学习五大基本句型为先，把这五种句型学习掌握好，这才是入门英语学习的基础。
所以，想要学习英语，学习五大基本句型是最为重要的，它们不仅是基础句型，而且是口语交流的重要工具。
这五种基本句型不仅是英语学习的基础，而且在今后的英语口语运用中势必要经常用到。
五大基本句型五大变态句型
[小规则1] now, then 位于句首，有时也全 倒装 [小规则2] 主语是代词，不倒装
• Now comes you turn. • Then came the king.
• Here you are! • Here we are.
部分倒装
(1)“否定词”置于句首时
• 【四大加分句型之一】Hardly…when… • 含义： 一…就… • 用法：hardly+ 半倒装+ when + 陈述句 • Hardly had sb done when sb did
C
Not only ____ interested in football but ____ beginning to show an interest in it. •A. the teacher himself is; all his students are •B. the teacher himself is; are all his students •C. is the teacher himself; are all his students •D. is the teacher himself; all his students are
• Hardly had he got out of the court when the reporters raised a lot of questions to him.
(1)“否定词”置于句首时
• 【四大加分句型之二】No sooner… than… • 含义： 一…就… • 用法：No sooner+ 半倒装+ than + 陈述句 • No sooner had sb done than sb did
五大基本句型
二、简单的五种基本句型：1、S(主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓语）——→主动结构例如：Time flies.1）S + V +副词（状语）例如：Birds sing beautifully.2）S + Vi +介词短语（状语）例如：He went on holiday.3）S + Vi +不定式（状语）例如：We stopped to have a rest.4）S + Vi +分词（状语）例如：I'll go swimming.2、S (主）+ Vt（及物动词）（谓语）+ O（宾语）——→主动宾结构例如：We like English.1）S + Vt +名词/代词例如：I like music.2）S + Vt +不定式例如：I want tohelp him.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有：decide, hope, learn,need, promise, want,等。
3）S + Vt +疑问词+不定式例如：I don't knowwhat to do.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有：ask, decide, find out, forget, know等。
4）S + Vt +动名词例如：I enjoyliving here.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有：advise, enjoy, finish, mind, practise等。
5）S + Vt +宾语从句例如：I don't think(that) he is right.[说明]常用于这句型的动词有：hope, know, notice, think, wonder等。
【难点】3、S (主）+ V（谓语）(系动词）+ P（表语）——→主系表结构例如：We areChinese.[说明]Ⅰ.除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，①表感官的动词，feel, smell,taste, sound, look, seem等。
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(1)“否定词”置于句首时
• 【四大加分句型之二】No sooner… than… •含义： 一…就… • 用法：No sooner+ 半倒装+ than + 陈述句 • No sooner had sb done than sb did
C
(4) “虚拟主从句”中的半倒装
• If it had rained last week, the crops wouldn’t have died. • Had it rained last week, the crops wouldn’t have died.
（5）“两倒一不倒”
• 1. A likes English. So does B •A喜欢英语， B 也喜欢英语。（两者） • 2. A does not like English. Neither/ Nor is B. •A 不喜欢英语，B 也不喜欢。 （两者） • 3. A likes English. So he does. •A 喜欢英语，他的确很喜欢英语。
C
Not only ____ interested in football but ____ beginning to show an interest in it. • A. the teacher himself is; all his students are • B. the teacher himself is; are all his students • C. is the teacher himself; are all his students • D. is the teacher himself; all his students are
B
Never in my wildest dreams ____ these people are living in such poor conditions. • A. I could imagine • B. could I imagine • C. I couldn’t imagine • D. couldn’t I imagine
• Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.
Байду номын сангаас态句型之一——倒装句
• 主干部分 •= 主语部分+ 谓语部分 •= 主语部分+ （助动词+实义动词） •= 正常语序、陈述语序、正装 • 什么是倒装？ •主谓颠倒 即为倒装！
[小规则1] now, then 位于句首，有时也 全倒装 [小规则2] 主语是代词，不倒装
• Now comes you turn. • Then came the king.
• Here you are! • Here we are.
部分倒装
(1)“否定词”置于句首时
• 【四大加分句型之一】Hardly…when… •含义： 一…就… • 用法：hardly+ 半倒装+ when + 陈述句 • Hardly had sb done when sb did
C
(3)“so…that”和“such… that…”的半 倒
【含义】如此…以至于… （强调“程度”） 【用法】so+adj/adv +半倒+ that + 陈述
such + n + 半倒 + that + 陈述
So fast does he run that we cannot catch up with him.
D
(2)“only + 状语”置于句首时
Only then can I have the chance to realize my dreams. Only in this way can you achieve great success in the future. Only by doing some down-to-earth work shall we solve all the problems. Only when you be more outgoing can you make more close friends.
划括号，找主干
• I’ve finished reading the book which is written by Mo Yan and which you lent me last month.
• They will be able to clear away the mystery of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined.
五大基本句型
• 主谓 I come. • 主谓宾 I love you. • 主谓宾宾 I give you my heart. • 主谓宾补 You make me happy. • 主系表 You were my everything.
• 宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的“性质”，以 使句意完整。（和宾语本身有关系） • 双宾语：两宾语本身一般没什么关系，靠谓 语动词建立关系。 • 表语：主语的“表现”，亦称为“主语补足 语”，由系动词将其和主语连起来。
• Only then ____ how much money had been wasted. • A. she realized • B. she had realized • C. had she realized • D. did she realize
D
Only after my friend came _____. • A. did the computer repair • B. he repaired the computer • C. was the computer repaired • D. The computer was repaired
Such fine weather is it that we are going for a picnic. 注意：“主系表”结构提前 系动词
“主谓”结构提前 助动词
So sudden _____ that the enemy had no time to escape. A. did the attack • B. the attack did • C. was the attack • D. the attack was
注：一个单句中有且只有一个谓语动词，当需要 使用第二个动词时，要么用从句，要么用非谓语 动词
B
三种“语序”：
•1、“正常语序”= 主语+ 谓语 •2、“完全倒装”= 谓语+ 主语 •3、 “部分倒装”= 助动词+ 主语+ 实义动词
1、“正常语序”= 主语+ 谓语
• Patience matters. • Time tries all. • Experience must be bought. • All things come to those who wait. • All things are difficult before they are easy. • The darkest hour is that before the dawn.
五大基本句型+ 五大变态句型
句子= 主干部分 + 修饰部分 I love you in my heart.
•主干部分= 主语部分+ 谓语部分
•
“什么” “怎么了”
•
句子的主角+ 对主角的描述
五大基本句型
• 主谓 • 主谓宾 • 主谓宾宾 • 主谓宾补 • 主系表
五大变态句型
• 倒装 • 强调 • 省略 • 祈使 • 感叹
3、 “部分倒装”= 助动词+ 主语+ 实 义动词
• Little did I know about it before. • Not until recent years have we realized the importance of environmental protection. • By no means shall we give up trying. • Only in this way can we have a better relationship with the nature.
If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, __________. • A. he will either • B. neither will he • C. he neither will • D. neither he will
B
(6) “尽管”倒装
• 【尽管】although, though • Although he is young, he has written many popular books. • Young as/though he is, he has written many books. • 注意：1. 强调部分提前，although 变 as • 2. 可以强调 名、形、动、副四种词 • 3. 仅适用于“主谓”和“主系表”
• No sooner had he got out of the court than the reporters raised a lot of questions to him.