How much carbon does the ocean actually hold
北师大版高一英语必修第二册(2019版)Unit5_Lesson3_同步练习(解析版)
Unit5 Lesson3 同步练习（1）（解析版）阅读、完形填空、语法填空强化训练一．阅读理解（共8小题）AIn the past 50 years, the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has gone up more than fourfold. In coastal water bodies，including river mouths and seas, low-oxygen sites have increased more than tenfold since 1950.Scientists expect oxygen to continue dropping even outside these zones as Earth warms .“Oxygen is fundamental to life in the Oceans,” said Denise Breitburg, a marine ecologist with the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. “The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth ’s environment. Actually, it's a great loss to all the support services that rely on recreation and tourism, including hotels and restaurants and taxi drivers and everything else. The reverberations(严重影响) of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive.”In areas traditionally called “dead zones" , like those in Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico，oxygen plummets(大幅下跌) to so low levels that many animals die. As fish avoid these zones, their habitats become smaller and they’ re easier to be attacked or caught. But the problem goes far beyond “dead zones”. Even smaller oxygen decline can prevent growth in animals, hinder reproduction and lead to disease or even death. It also can cause the release of dangerous chemicals such as nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas up to 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide. While some animals can boom in “dead zones”，overall biodiversity falls.Climate change is the key criminal in the open ocean. Warming surface waters make it harder for oxygen to reach the inside of the ocean. Furthermore, as the ocean as a whole gets warmer, it holds less oxygen. In coastal waters, too much nutrient pollution from land creates algal blooms, which use up oxygen as they die and break down.People's livelihoods are also on the line, the scientists reported, especially in developing nations. Smaller fisheries(渔场)may be unable to relocate when low oxygen destroys their harvests or forces fish to move elsewhere. So we humans have to carry on a war now and win the war.1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?A．The ocean has been losing its oxygen.B．The amount of sea water is increasing. C．The coastal water bodies are dangerous.D．The Earth becomes warmer and warmer. 2．What can we infer from Denise Breitburg's words?A．Different oceans have different levels of oxygen.B．The decline in ocean oxygen has great influences.C．The future of tourism relies on the levels of ocean oxygen.D．The decrease in ocean oxygen is the most serious environment problem.3．How does the “dead zone" affect sea animals?A．It offers more food.B．It forms dangerous gas.C．It reduces their living areas.D．It produces more carbon dioxide.4．How can we win the war according to the text?A．By closing smaller fisheries.B．By controlling humans' bad activities.C．By improving people's living standards.D．By stopping nutrients entering the ocean.【答案与解析】1．A. 主旨大意题。
课后检测练-2021-2022学年高中英语外研版(2019)选择性必修第二册
Unit 6 Survival——Using language一、完成句子1.在某种程度上,我们可以将造纸术和印刷术的发明与20世纪早期互联网的引入相媲美。
In a way,we can compare the invention of paper and printing with the introduction of theInternet.2.有一些健康问题,如果不及时治疗,以后会酿成大问题。
There are some health problems that,ifnot ,can become bigger ones later on.3.这名球员接受了两年的治疗,他很有可能在下一场比赛中及时从伤病中恢复过来。
The player was under a and the chances are that he will recover from his injury in time for the next race.4.法官裁定越狱的犯人没有犯罪,因为他被关押在恶劣的环境中。
A judge has ruled that the prisoner who escaped from prison committed no offense because he had beenheld .5.这是这位年轻的歌手自成名以来第一次在他的家乡表演。
This is the first time that the young singer has performed in his hometown since his fame.二、阅读理解In the past 50 years, the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has gone up more than fourfold. In coastal water bodies，including river mouths and seas, lowoxygen sites have increased more than tenfold since 1950.Scientists expect oxygen to continue dropping even outside these zones as Earth warms.“Oxygen is fundamental to life in the oceans，” said Denise Breitburg, a marine ecologist with the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre. “The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth's environment. Actually, it's a great loss to all the support services that rely on recreation and tourism, including hotels and restaurants and taxi drivers and everything else. The reverberations(严重影响) of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive.”In areas traditionally called “dead zones”， like those in Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, oxygen plummets(大幅下跌) to so low levels that many animals die. As fish avoid these zones, their habitats become smaller and they're easier to be attacked or caught. But the problem goes far beyond “dead zones”. Even smaller oxygen decline can prevent growth inanimals, hinder reproduction and lead to disease or even death. It can also cause the release of dangerous chemicals such as nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas up to 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide. While some animals can boom in “dead zones”， overall biodiversity falls.Climate change is the key criminal in the open ocean. Warming surface waters make it harder for oxygen to reach the inside of the ocean. Furthermore, as the ocean as a whole gets warmer, it holds less oxygen. In coastal waters, too much nutrient pollution from land creates algal blooms, which use up oxygen as they die and break down.People's livelihoods are also on the line, the scientists reported, especially in developing nations. Smaller fisheries(渔场) may be unable to relocate when low oxygen destroys their harvests or forces fish to move elsewhere. So we humans have to carry on a war now and win the war.1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?A．The ocean has been losing its oxygen.B．The amount of sea water is increasing.C．The coastal water bodies are dangerous.D．Earth becomes warmer and warmer.2．What can we infer from Denise Breitburg's words?A．Different oceans have different levels of oxygen.B．The decline in ocean oxygen has great influences.C．The future of tourism relies on the levels of ocean oxygen.D．The decrease in ocean oxygen is the most serious environmental problem.3．How does the “dead zone” affect sea animals?A．It offers more food.B．It forms dangerous gas.C．It reduces their living areas.D．It produces more carbon dioxide.4．How can we win the war according to the text?A．By closing smaller fisheries.B．By controlling humans' bad activities.C．By improving people's living standards.D．By stopping nutrients entering the ocean.三、完形填空When I was very young, I got badly burned by hot water. At that time, technology wasn’t 1 . I did get skin grafts(移植), but it was still pretty bad. Most of the damage was on my 2 and the skin was grafted from my leg, causing another large scar.As I grew up, I struggled with my scars. In beach pictures I would 3 try to cover up my leg with my hand or hold something in front of me. I would hide in a high-necked dress, or else 4any swim-suit-wearing activities completely. I missed out on a lot of fun. I could not 5 the fact that I had these scars and that they were a 6 .When I was 19, one friend said to me, “Michelle, stop 7 ! Your burns are battle scars. You need to 8 them like a medal of honor! ”9 , it took me 15 years to discover she was 10 . There are so many people with disabilities, but they didn’t feel 11 for themselves like I was.Scars can be difficult to 12 . But in fact, it’s just damaged skin. It’s not a life sentence. I’m 13 that it took me so long to get over myself and my scars.Life is about so much more than worrying about the flaws(瑕疵) on our 14 . Now what I once considered burdens are indeed just battle wounds I can carry with 15 .1. A. popular B. practicalC. fashionableD. advanced2. A. head B. back C. face D. chest3. A. desperately B. similarlyC. happilyD. painfully4. A. post B. avoid C. organize D. join5. A. get over B. find outC. go againstD. look into6. A. burden B. honorC. dangerD. comfort7. A. showing B. quittingC. hidingD. talking8. A. care B. wear C. exhibit D. collect9. A. Similarly B. LuckilyC. UnfortunatelyD. Excitedly10. A. reliable B. right C. fair D. honest11. A. pity B. regretful C. puzzled D. angry12. A. hide away B. look atC. deal withD. leave out13. A. surprised B. convincedC. curiousD. disappointed14. A. life B. characterC. soulD. body15. A. respect B. responsibilityC. prideD. anxiety四、语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
世界气候变化Climate Change(温室效应Green House Effect)英文介绍
into space; the rest is absorbed by Earth’s system 3. Because of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, only some of the sun’s energy is allowed to escape immediately—instead, the gases stay within the atmosphere, bouncing in all directions 4. The atmosphere is heated up as less and less gases are let out into space and more energy is absorbed by Earth
CO2 emissions Every ton of coal actually releases 2.86 tons of CO2—how is this possible?
Because coal is compressed carbon—when the carbon gets released,
Definitions according to
Global Warming process
1. The sun emits energy towards the Earth 2. The Earth reflects around 30% of the energy back
Process
Causes
What human-related causes are there? Deforestation Agriculture Fossil fuel burning Aerosol gases
海洋酸化 Ocean Acidification 英语作文
Ocean AcidificationOcean acidification can be defined as the on-going decrease in the Earth’s oceans’ pH levels, which is caused due to the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The primary cause behind ocean acidification is the burning of fossil fuels. Seawater is basic, and ocean acidification involves shifting pH towards pH-neutral conditions rather than acidic conditions.The issue due to ocean acidification is a decreased production of the shells of shellfish as well as other aquatic life that have calcium carbonate shells. The marine and coralecosystems are under extreme stress from climate change. Ocean acidification poses a real threat to the survival of many marine species.Long And Short Essays On Ocean Acidification for Students and Kids in EnglishWe provide students with essay samples on a long essay of 500 words and a short essay of 150 words on the topic of ocean acidification for reference.Long Essay On Ocean Acidification 500 Words In EnglishHuman activities discharge Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere that leads to atmospheric warming and climate changes. Almost a half to a third of the Carbon Dioxide released due to human activities is being absorbed into the oceans.Even though this helps reduce the rate of atmospheric warming and climate change, it also has an immediate chemical effect on seawater known as ocean acidification.Since the industrial revolution, for more than 200 years, the concentration of carbon dioxide inthe atmosphere has increased because of the burning of fossil fuels and land-use change.The ocean water absorbs about 30 percent of the carbon dioxide, which is released into the atmosphere. As the levels of carbon dioxide increase, so does the sea level.As the seawater absorbs CO2, a chain of chemical reactions occurs, resulting in increased hydrogen ions concentration. This increase results in the seawater becoming more acidic and causes carbonated ions to become relatively less abundant.The United Nations Environment Program has mentioned that ocean acidification could alter species composition, biodiversity, fishing industry and tourism.Carbonated icons are an essential building block from structures such as shells and coral skeletons. Decreased carbonate ions can make the building and maintaining of shells and other calcium carbonate structures difficult to calcify organisms such as clams, sea urchins, oysters, shallow water corals, and calcareous plankton and deep-sea corals.These changes in the chemistry of the ocean can affect the behaviour of the non-calcifying organisms as well. Certain fish’s –which can detect predators – are being decreased in more acidic waters. As these marine organisms are at risk, the whole food web might also be at risk.Ocean acidification affects all the oceans in the world, along with coastal estuaries and waterways. Several economies are dependent on shellfish and fish, and people worldwide depend on food from the oceans as their leading sources for protein.Marine scientists are also worried that the process of ocean acidification possesses a severe threat to marine life and the cultures which depend on the ocean for their livelihood and food.Ocean acidification also has an adverse effect on the health of humans. Humans are intricately linked with the health of the ocean. We humans have relied on the ocean for resources such as food, recreation, medication and transportation. One of the most apparent connections is with seafood.One of the most effective ways for limiting ocean acidification is to act on climate change –implementing solutions dramatically reducing the use of fossils fuels. When global warming emissions are controlled, future warming will be limited, eventually decreasing the marine ecosystems’ harm.The oceans in the world’s Polar Regio ns –in the Arctic and Antarctic –are especially sensitive to ocean acidification. The Bay of Bengal in India is another main focus of research, partly because of the unique seawater characteristics and partly because of the poordata coverage with the use of traditional methods.Short Essay On Ocean Acidification 150 Words In EnglishShort Essay On Ocean Acidification is helpful to students of classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.Ocean acidification implies a reduction in the ocean’s pH levels over a long perio d of time, which is caused primarily due to the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.The pH of seawater in present-day is highly variable, and a single organism can manage in the fluctuations of different pH levels during its lifetime. One of the main problems with ocean acidification is the change’s sustained nature. The rapid pace of acidification might influence the extent to which calcifying organisms will be able to adapt.Ocean acidification can have a negative effect on the marine ecosystem, which causes the shells and skeletons of organisms made with calcium carbonate to dissolve. Animals that produce calcium carbonate structures have tospend extra energy to repair their damaged shells or thicken them to survive.The shellfish’s ability to build their shells will be impacted. Also, lower pH levels will have an effect on the metabolism of several organisms.10 Lines On Ocean Acidification In EnglishOcean acidification implies the reduction in the pH of the ocean due to exposure to CO2.Some organisms will not survive due to ocean acidification.Some species might disappear altogether as an effect of ocean acidification.Whales and dolphins will directly be affected due to ocean acidification.Ocean acidification will disrupt the food web.Ocean acidification is often referred to as ‘climate change’s evil twin’.The impacts due to ocean acidification can be huge.Ocean acidification reduces carbonate in seawater, which is a crucial building block in the ocean.Ocean acidification can be reduced by reducing global warming.The pH level of seawater in the present-day is highly variable.FAQ’s on Ocean Acidification EssayQuestion 1.How serious is ocean acidification?Answer:The overload of CO2 in the seawater is causing sea changes, threatening fragile, finite marine life and livelihoods, food security and local to global economies.Question 2.What happens if ocean acidification continues?Answer:The change in ocean chemistry will lead to collapsing food webs, dying coral reefs,corrosive polar seas and mass extinction, altering the water air and food forever.Question 3.Which animals are majorly affected by ocean acidification?Answer:Shell-forming animals such as crabs, corals, oysters and urchins will be first hit by ocean acidification.。
高中英语必修三unit3单词表
高中英语必修三unit3单词表全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hey guys! Today I'm going to tell you all about Unit 3 in our high school English textbook. It's all about the power of nature and how it can affect us in different ways.First off, we learned about natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, and tornadoes. These are all super scary and can cause a lot of damage. We also talked about how we can prepare for them and stay safe if they ever happen.Next, we learned about climate change and how it's affecting our planet. Global warming is making the Earth hotter, which can lead to things like melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and more extreme weather. It's really important for us to take care of the Earth and try to reduce our carbon footprint.We also talked about the power of nature to heal and inspire us. Going for a hike in the mountains or swimming in the ocean can make us feel so peaceful and happy. Nature has a way of calming us down and making us appreciate the world around us.Overall, Unit 3 was a really interesting and important unit. It taught us about the impact of nature on our lives and how we can take care of our planet. Let's all do our part to protect the Earth and enjoy the beauty of nature!篇2Wow, unit 3 in our high school English textbook is so cool! It's all about different cultures and traditions. I can't wait to tell you all about it!In unit 3, we learn about various customs and beliefs from all around the world. We get to explore how people in different countries celebrate special occasions, and how they pass down their traditions from generation to generation. It's so fascinating to see how diverse the world is!One of the things we study in this unit is Chinese New Year. It's such a fun and lively festival, with dragon dances, fireworks, and delicious food. I love learning about the different customs and superstitions that are associated with Chinese New Year, like wearing red clothes for good luck and giving red envelopes filled with money.We also learn about the Day of the Dead in Mexico, where families remember and honor their deceased loved ones. It's abeautiful way to celebrate the lives of those who have passed away, and I think it's so nice that they set up altars with photos and favorite foods of the deceased.Another interesting tradition we study is the Japanese tea ceremony. It's amazing how much care and attention to detail goes into making and serving tea in Japan. I would love to experience a traditional tea ceremony one day!Overall, unit 3 is such a fun and eye-opening unit. It teaches us to appreciate and respect the different cultures and traditions that make the world so rich and diverse. I can't wait to keep learning more about the amazing customs and beliefs that people around the world hold dear. I hope you enjoy unit 3 as much as I did!篇3Unit 3 in our high school English class is super cool! It's all about the environment and how we can protect it. I learned a lot of new words and phrases like "sustainable development" and "carbon footprint". But don't worry, I'll break it down for you in a way that's easy to understand.First, let's talk about sustainable development. This is like when we make sure we're using our resources in a way that won'trun out. It's important to think about the future and not just use up everything now.Next, we have to think about our carbon footprint. This is all about how much carbon dioxide we are putting into the air. The more carbon dioxide we produce, the worse it is for the environment. So, it's important to reduce our carbon footprint by using less energy and driving less.One way we can help the environment is by recycling. This means we take our old stuff, like plastic bottles and paper, and turn it into new things. It's a great way to save resources and reduce waste.Another way to protect the environment is by using renewable energy sources, like solar and wind power. These sources of energy are clean and don't produce as much pollution as fossil fuels.Overall, Unit 3 has taught me a lot about how we can all do our part to protect the environment. It's up to us to make a difference and ensure a healthy planet for future generations. Let's all work together to make a positive impact on the world!篇4Hello everyone! Today I'm going to talk about Unit 3 in our high school English textbook. This unit is all about exploring the world of science and technology. It's super cool and interesting, so let's jump right in!First off, we learned about the theories of evolution and creationism. Evolution is the scientific theory that explains how living things have changed and adapted over time. It's like how dinosaurs evolved into birds. On the other hand, creationism is the belief that the universe and living organisms were created by a supernatural being, like a god.Next, we studied the history and impact of the Industrial Revolution. This was a time when machines and factories started to change the way people lived and worked. It was a big deal because it led to a lot of advancements in technology, but it also had some negative effects on the environment and workers' rights.Then, we talked about the development of the internet and how it has revolutionized communication. It's crazy to think that just a few decades ago, people had to write letters and make phone calls to stay in touch. Now, we can send messages instantly and video chat with people on the other side of the world!Lastly, we discussed the ethical issues surrounding technology, like the use of artificial intelligence and genetic engineering. These are controversial topics because they have the potential to change society in major ways. It's important for us to think about the consequences of these advancements and how they might affect our future.Overall, Unit 3 has been super interesting and eye-opening. I can't wait to learn more about science and technology in the next unit. Stay curious and keep exploring, everyone!篇5Oh my gosh, guys! Today I'm gonna tell you all about Unit 3 in our high school English textbook! It's super important, so listen up!First off, this unit is all about culture shock. What's that, you ask? Well, it's when you go to a new country or place and things are totally different from what you're used to. It can be pretty crazy and overwhelming, but it's also a great learning experience.In this unit, we learn all about different cultures around the world and how people from different backgrounds may seethings differently. We also talk about ways to deal with culture shock and how to adapt to new environments.One of the coolest things we learn about is the concept of ethnocentrism, which is when you believe your own culture is superior to others. It's important to be open-minded and respectful of other cultures, even if they seem strange or unfamiliar to you.We also study some famous cross-cultural movies, like "Lost in Translation" and "The Intouchables", which show how people from different backgrounds can become friends and learn from each other.So, guys, make sure you pay attention in class and really soak up all the info in Unit 3. It's gonna help you understand the world better and become a more open-minded person. Culture shock may be tough, but with the right attitude, you can totally handle it! Let's do this!篇6Hey guys, today I'm gonna talk about Unit 3 in our high school English textbook! It's all about food and culture, so let's dig in!First off, we learned about different types of food around the world. Like in China, they eat noodles and dumplings, while in Italy, they love pizza and pasta. I even tried making a pizza at home and it was super fun!Next, we talked about table manners. Did you know that in some countries it's rude to eat with your hands? We also learned about the importance of sharing food with others and being polite at the table.We also studied food idioms, like "piece of cake" and "spill the beans". It was funny trying to guess what they meant and using them in sentences.Another cool thing we did was research a traditional dish from a different country. I chose sushi from Japan and it was so interesting learning about its history and how it's made.Lastly, we had a group project where we had to create a menu for a multicultural restaurant. We had dishes from all over the world, like curry from India and tacos from Mexico. It was so cool seeing how food can bring people together.In conclusion, Unit 3 was a tasty and fun way to learn about different foods and cultures. I can't wait to try more new dishesand maybe even visit some of the countries we studied. English class is so much fun when we get to talk about yummy food!篇7Title: My Adventure in Unit 3 of High School EnglishHey guys! Today I'm going to tell you all about my adventure in Unit 3 of High School English. This unit is all about exploring different cultures and learning about the world around us. It's super cool!First off, we learned all about cultural differences in different countries. We talked about how people in Japan bow to each other as a sign of respect, while in America they shake hands. It's so interesting to see how people do things differently in other parts of the world.Next, we studied famous landmarks like the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Great Wall of China. We even did a project where we had to research a famous landmark and present it to the class.I chose to talk about the Taj Mahal in India, and everyone thought it was really cool!One of my favorite parts of this unit was learning about traditional foods from different countries. We tried making sushifrom Japan, pasta from Italy, and even took a field trip to a Chinese restaurant to try authentic Chinese cuisine. It was so yummy!Overall, Unit 3 of High School English was a blast. I got to learn so much about different cultures and try new things I've never done before. I can't wait to see what adventures Unit 4 has in store for us. Stay tuned for more updates! Peace out, fellow explorers!篇8Oh wow, I have to write a 2000-word essay in the style of a primary school student about Unit 3 in our high school English textbook? Sounds like a challenge, but I'm up for it!Unit 3 is all about culture, traditions, and customs around the world. We learned about different countries like China, India, and Australia. It was so cool to see how people live in other parts of the world and how they celebrate different holidays.In China, we studied the Chinese New Year and how they have a big parade with dragons and fireworks. It sounds like so much fun! In India, we learned about Diwali, the Festival of Lights, where they light oil lamps and decorate their houses. It must be so beautiful to see all the lights shining everywhere.One thing that surprised me was learning about Aboriginal culture in Australia. They have been living there for thousands of years and have their own traditions and beliefs. I think it's important to learn about different cultures and respect their way of life.Overall, Unit 3 was really interesting and eye-opening. It made me realize how diverse and rich the world is in terms of culture and traditions. I can't wait to learn more about different countries and their customs in the future.I hope this essay is over 2000 words now. English class is so much fun!篇9Hello everyone! Today I'm going to talk about Unit 3 in our high school English textbook, which is all about school life. I hope you all enjoy it, just like I did!First of all, this unit talks about daily routines at school. We have to get up early in the morning, have breakfast, and then go to class. We also have different subjects like Math, English, Science, and History. Sometimes it's hard to remember all the things we need to do, but I always try my best to stay organized and focused.Another thing that Unit 3 talks about is extracurricular activities. These are the fun things we do after school, like sports, clubs, and music lessons. I love playing on the soccer team and going to art club. It's a great way to make friends and learn new things.Unit 3 also discusses school rules and responsibilities. We have to follow the rules to keep everyone safe and happy. We also have to be responsible for our own actions and work hard to achieve our goals. It's important to be a good student and a good person in general.Overall, I really enjoyed learning about school life in Unit 3. It's a reminder that school is not just about studying, but also about growing as a person and making memories that will last a lifetime. I hope you all have fun learning about it too! Thank you for listening.篇10Title: My Adventure in Unit 3 of High School English Book 3Hello everyone, I'm a primary school student and I want to tell you about my adventure in Unit 3 of High School English Book 3. It's super fun and interesting, so let's get started!In this unit, we learned all about environmental protection and sustainable development. We talked about climate change, pollution, and ways to save our planet. I was so shocked to learn about the damage that humans are causing to the environment, but also inspired to take action and make a difference.We read articles, watched videos, and had discussions in class about how we can reduce our carbon footprint, recycle more, and protect wildlife. I even did a project on eco-friendly practices in my community and shared it with my classmates. It was really cool to see how we can all work together to save the Earth.One of my favorite parts of the unit was learning about famous environmentalists like Greta Thunberg and Jane Goodall. They are such inspiring people who have dedicated their lives to protecting the planet. I want to be just like them when I grow up!Overall, Unit 3 of High School English Book 3 was amazing. I learned so much about the environment and how important it is to take care of it. I can't wait to continue my journey towards a more sustainable future. Let's all work together to save our planet!That's all for now, thanks for listening to my adventure in Unit 3. Bye bye!。
海洋科普英文
海洋科普英文The ocean, covering more than two-thirds of the Earth's surface, is a vast and mysterious realm that has fascinated humans for centuries. 海洋覆盖地球表面超过三分之二，是一个广阔而神秘的领域，几个世纪来一直吸引着人类。
Its deep blue waters hide a world teeming with life, from microscopic plankton to massive whales, and its depths hold secrets that are yet to be fully explored. 它深蓝色的水域隐藏着一个生机勃勃的世界，从微小的浮游生物到庞大的鲸鱼，而它的深处还隐藏着尚未完全探索的秘密。
One of the most intriguing aspects of the ocean is its incredible biodiversity. Thousands of species call the ocean home, and many of them have yet to be discovered by humans. 海洋最引人注目的一个方面是其惊人的生物多样性。
数千种生物栖息在海洋中，其中许多尚未被人类发现。
From colorful coral reefs to dark abyssal plains, the ocean is home to a wide variety of ecosystems that support a complex web of life. 从色彩斑斓的珊瑚礁到黑暗的深海平原，海洋是各种生态系统的家园，支撑着复杂的生命网络。
In addition to its biological diversity, the ocean plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate. As the largest carbon sink on the planet, the ocean absorbs a significant amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change. 除了生物多样性外，海洋在调节地球气候方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
TPO26听力文本完整修订版
TPO26Listening ScriptConversation1Listen to a conversation between a student and a university print shop employee.StudentHi.I saw your ad in the campus newspaper.EmployeeOh.We don’t have any job openings right now.StudentOh,no.I meant the other ad,about the services you provide for students.You see,I have been working at the campus tutoring center as a maths tutor.But things have changed,including my schedule.And now I want to start doing tutoring work independently.But in order to,basically,start my own business,I need to get the word out.EmployeeOK.StudentI was thinking I should get something printed up that I can hand out to people.EmployeeAh.Well,actually,I just printed up some great-looking fliers for someone doing the same thing.StudentFliers.Yeah,that’s an idea.I guess then I could post themEmployeeYeah.And you can hand them out too.But,oh,you know what?I did something really neat for someone last week.She didn’t want to go the traditional route,you know,business cards,fliers,so we customized pencils for her.StudentPencils?EmployeeYeah.You know,a little message printed on the pencil.StudentOh,that’s cool.EmployeeYeah.But you should know,it’s not our cheapest option.Oh,and you know those little sticky notes?StudentYou do those too?EmployeeWell,we did once.I think those bright pieces of paper would be real attention getters.You know,students use them all the time,so they should be good for business.I don’t know why we haven’t done more.StudentWow.EmployeeSo you’ve got some options.StudentRight.Well,what about business cards?My friend has these business cards.She does tutoring too.And she got them at this place in town,but they were kind of expensive.EmployeeFor business card?Well,I don’t know what your friend paid.But we could do something real simple and it wouldn’t be much.Like for a batch of250for one of our standard designs,20dollars maybe.Student20dollars sound EmployeeEmployeeNow,there are some other choices that’ll affect the cost.You know,like different background patterns,using color ink, that sort of thing.And it also depends on how many words you want to include.StudentOK.Well,I know what I want them to say.But I am just thinking,I kind of like that pencil idea.EmployeeYeah.I thought it was neat.Now,of course you can only fit your name and phone number,and like,in your case,maths tutoring on it.StudentRight.Well,I could custom design the business cards though right?That’s what my friend did.She said she designed them at the computer right there at the print shop.EmployeeWell,you can do that here too.But accustomed design would be a bigger investment for your business than one of our standard designs.StudentWell,I don’t know.I am interested in business cards,so can I look att he standard designs?Lecture1-Advertising(Green Marketing)Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in an advertising class.ProfessorLast class someone asked about green marketing.Green marketing refers to companies promoting the product as environmentally panies often turn to advertising experts to help them do this.Green marketing seems recent,but advertising professionals grew interest in it several decades ago.The seeds for green marketing were probably planted in1970,when the first Earth Day took place.Rallies all over the United States were organized to protest environmental degradation.Some20million demonstrators participated in that first Earth Day. And it helped spark dozens of environmental laws.The biggest was the Endangered Species Act of1973,which protects imperiled animal species from extinction.There was also passage of the Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act was strengthened.Earth Day,environmental laws,environmental issues in the news,being green was entering the mainstream.And businesses started saying,hey,we can get involved in this.So in1975,a major advertising trade group held its first workshop on ecological marketing.A few years later,we began seeing ads tapping into people’s environmental concerns.But as some green marketers learned the hard way,green marketing must still involve all the same principles of a traditional marketing campaign.Your ad must attract attention,stimulate consumers’interest,create a desire for your product,and motivate people to take action,to buy your product.So let me tell you about one green marketing campaign that failed at first and explain why.It was for a compact fluorescent light bulb.We’ll call it the eco-light.It was first introduced,I believe,in the late90s.It cost far more than a regular incandescent bulb.The advertising message was basically,use this eco-light and save the planet.But that message wasn’t effective.Research shows that consumers don’t want to let go of any traditional product attributes, like convenience,price and quality.Even though surveys indicate that almost everybody cares about the environment.So the company reintroduced the eco-light with a new message,one that emphasized cost savings,that the eco-light lowers electric bills and lasts for years.So it’s good for the Earth,cost-effective and convenient because it doesn’t have to be changed every few months.This ad campaign worked like a charm.Something else,uh,the company that makes the eco-light,researchers would consider it an’extreme green company’,not only because its products are energy-efficient,but because the company tries to reduce its environmental impact in other ways too.Like in addition to selling Earth-friendly products,its offices and factories are designed to conserve energy and use all sorts of recycled materials.A company that only recycles office paper,researchers would classify as a’lean green company’.And there are other degrees of greenness in between.So if your green marketing strategy’s gonna work,your message should be valid on all dimensions.When a company as a whole is credited for reducing its environmental impact,this can lead to brand loyalty.People will come back and buy your product more and more.However,let’s say you’re fined for violating the Clean Water Act while manufacturing products from recycled materials.The public would eventually find out.You can’t just make the claim that a product is environmentally friendly and not follow through on.Lecture2-Biology(Carbon Cycling)Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.ProfessorOK.Just before the end of the last class,we started talking about trace metals,metals found in living organisms in very small quantities that serve an important biological,important nutritive function in those organisms.And one trace metal that serves a nutritive function is zinc.Zinc assists in a number of processes in humans,but we are going to focus on just one,one that applies to a number oforganisms,not just humans.See,zinc plays a major role in carbon cycling,the conversion of various kinds of molecules with carbon,like carbon dioxide,into other kinds of molecules with carbon that organisms can use.So,take respiration.Our bodies,our cells produce carbon dioxide when they break down sugars.We need to get the C02out of our bodies,so the C02is converted into carbonic acid,which the blood is able to carry to the lungs.Once the carbonic acid reaches the lungs,it’s converted back into carbon dioxide so that we can breathe it out.Now,this whole conversion process relies on a particular enzyme.Uh,who remembers what an enzyme is?Bob?Uh,it’s a protein,a specific kind of protein,one that speeds up chemical reactions.ProfessorExactly.Different enzymes assist indifferent chemical reactions.Now,the one that speeds up the conversion of carbon dioxide has zinc in it.So this zinc enzyme is critical for gettingC02out of our bodies through the lungs.And it’s also extremely important for plants.Bob,can you tell us why?StudentFor making food,for photosynthesis?ProfessorExactly.For photosynthesis.Plants also convert carbon dioxide into different forms ofcarbon-containing molecules and the conversion process used relies on the very same enzyme that work in humans.So zinc is also important for plants.OK.But zinc is scarce in certain environments.And it’s particularly scarce in waters near the surface of river sand lakes and shallower parts of oceans,which might make us wonder how plants could live there at all.In fact,there are a lot of marine plants that survive,that grow and reproduce in surface waters.In particular,there are a lot of diatoms.Diatoms are microscopic,photosynthetic organisms and they are a major source of food for other organisms in the ocean.There are a number of different types of diatoms,and,well,diatoms play a very important role in the carbon cycling process,because they help make carbon available to other organisms in deeper parts of the ocean.The carbon that these diatoms use in photosynthetic is transferred to other parts of the ocean when the diatoms are eaten,say,by a fish that absorbs the carbon and then swims to another part of the ocean,or when diatoms die and fall to the ocean floor.So how did diatoms survive if zinc is so scarce?Well,recently researchers discovered that a specific type of diatom makes a different enzyme that serves the same purpose.But this enzyme doesn’t contain zinc.Instead this new enzyme incorporates another trace metal,cadmium.Kelly,you’ve got a question?StudentYeah.I thought cadmium was toxic.Didn’t you say that?It is poisonous to humans.Uh,actually,we used to think that it was toxic to all biological life,that it didn’t serve any biological purpose.But new study suggests that cadmium can actually substitute for zinc,that organisms can use it instead of zinc when there isn’t enough zinc in their environment.Now,the discovery of this cadmium-based enzyme is really important for a number of reasons.It’s actually the first enzyme we have discovered that uses cadmium.So it’s possible that other not so typical trace metals may be used in chemical processes,that marine organisms might make enzymes from other trace metals when the essential one is scarce.And there may be other types of diatoms that use cadmium to cycle carbon.But there’s something else to think about.What is one of the most common greenhouse gases in our atmosphere,one of the major culprits in global warming.Carbon dioxide,right?Now,if all these diatoms are taking carbon dioxide from the surface,converting it and transporting it to the bottom of the ocean,well,maybe there’s more to that whole process,that cycle,something that we’ve overlooked.So further research might tell us more about these warming cycles too.Convcrsation2Hi,Jean.How was the...uh,the conference,right?the conference on volunteerism?That’s where you were last week. Good.And let me know if you have any questions.StudentWell,there is something that I wanted to ask you now.It’s about something I noticed at the beach.ProfessorOh,what’s that?StudentWell,see,there are a lot of jellyfish there,floating in the water.ProfessorThat couldn’t have been pleasant.StudentNot for swimming.But it was interesting.I mean,the jellyfish were glowing.I swear they were.And I am wonderwhat that’s about.ProfessorAh,glowing jellyfish.That is interesting.Uh,it’s called bioluminescence.And actually we are going to talk about it later in the semester.Basically,bioluminescence is light that’s produced by a chemical reaction.StudentReally?Inside the jellyfish?ProfessorWell,not all jellyfish,about half of them.Actually,a lot of marine organisms have the ability,especially in deeper parts of the ocean.StudentOh,I get it.Like the darker it gets,the more the fish needs light,right?ProfessorWell,bioluminescence serves a number of functions.Most aquatic organisms use it for communication and for attracting prey.But jellyfish usually use it as a defense against predators.Some jellyfish produce bright flashes of light that confuse predators,to,uh,to startle them.But jellyfish closer to the surface,probably like the jellyfish you saw, they use bioluminescence to hide.The light they produce matches the color of the dim sunlight,so they blend in,and, uh,and predators can’t see them.StudentWow,really?Well,I am looking for a topic for my term paper,so maybe I could do it on these glowing jellyfish.That’s why I wanted to ask you about them,you know,to find out if there was really something to write about.ProfessorIt’s a great topic.But you’ll have to make sure the topic is manageable.Like I said,about half of all jellyfish are bioluminescent,so you may want to look at a particular type of jellyfish or several types that benefit from bioluminescence in the same way,or you could investigate current research on bioluminescence,on,on the chemical process,or...Here’s an idea.You seem to be very involved in local issues.See if you can identify the jellyfish you observed on the beach and how they fit into the local ecosystem.StudentYeah,you know,some of the environmental groups I met last week might even able to help me.Lecture3-Astronomy(Comets)Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class.ProfessorOK.We have been looking at some of the smaller members of our solar system,comets.You already know about the structure of comets.Let’s continue our discussion now by talking about orbits,especially those of the so-called periodic-orbit comets.These are the comets that circle around the Sun pretty regularly.They return again and again, predictably,after a certain period of time.That’s why we say their orbits are periodic.Probably the most famous and brightest of these is Hailey’s comet.Hailey’s comet comes from far out in the solar system,goes in close to the Sun,and then out again.At its closest approach to the Sun,Hailey’s comet is about twice as close to the Sun as Earth is.And at its farthest,it’s about thirty-five times farther from the Sun than we are,which puts it out beyond Neptune.Basically,the idea here is that a periodic comet,with its very elongated orbit,just keeps coming back around again and again.With Hailey’s comet, well,it returns every75years,roughly.But where is Hailey’s comet during most of this time?Well,like all orbiting bodies,a comet moves faster when it’s closer to the Sun.So it only spends about a year or two in our neighborhood,inside the orbit of Jupiter.Most of its time is spent way out beyond Jupiter’s orbit,poking along near the farther reaches of it own orbit.Because of this,we can only see Hailey’s for a few months every75years,first on its way in toward the Sun,and then on its way out again.Now,you remember from our previous discussion that a comet’s nucleus,its core,is made up of ice and dust,like a frozen snowball.And as it approaches the Sun,it starts to heat up.And some of the ice vaporizes into gas and spreads out from the nucleus.The gases that vaporize from the comet,the comet never collects them back again,so on every orbit,the comet leaves part of itself behind.OK.How old is this solar system?Four and a half billion years,remember?AndHailey’s is going around the Sun once every75years and losing stuff each time.Sothe comet should be long gone by now,right?I mean,how come Hailey’s is still there?After four and a half billion years.How could it be?Well,the answer is that this comet hasn’t always been in such a short periodic orbit,since once a comet gets into an orbit that keeps it coming in close to the Sun quite frequently.Well,that comet’s probably not going to be around too much longer.So this kind of periodic orbit is only a phase in a comet’s life.A phase that just precedes its final breakup We’ve seen comets do that,going toward the Sun and then come back around, torn into pieces.But lots of comets aren’t like that.They come in,pass behind the Sun,and then travel back out.But with an orbit so large,and its farthest place so far away from the Sun that we just don’t know how far out it goes.We just can’t determine that very accurately from the close-in part of the orbit that we do see.So these are often called parabolic-orbit comets.Parabolic means the orbit is open at the far end.Actually the orbit probably does close and return the comet to the vicinity of the Sun eventually,but the period might be tens of thousands of years.And basically,we can’t determine it.So we just,we refer to them as open-ended parabolic-orbit comets.So,what can change a comet with one of these long orbits where they only come by the Sun occasionally into a much more frequent periodic visitor?Well,gravitational interaction with planets,right?If a comet on one of these long period orbits at some point comes close to Jupiter or Saturn or one of the other planets,then the pull of that planet’s gravity might alter the orbit,maybe make it much shorter.So this comet,if it happens to pass by a planet just the right way,it can be drawn into a new orbit,one that’ll capture it and keep it coming back around the Sun much more often.Lecture4-Art Conservation(Archimcdes Palimpsest)Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in an art conservation class.ProfessorSo far we have been talking all semester about restoring and preserving pieces of art,like ancient frescos,early oil paintings,etc.But although our field is called art conservation,it also involves...what?StudentUm...preserving other types of cultural materials too.ProfessorVery good.Not just art.Old artifacts are very valuable when they represent early technologies,all contain important historical information.In fact,let me give you an example.You’ve heard about the Greek scholar,Archimedes,who lived more than2,000years ago,I am sure.Archimedes was a great mathematician.For example,he discovered the formula for the volume of a sphere.Not much of his work has survived,but what has survived is brilliant.And then in 1906,a Palimpsest of Archimedes’writing was discovered.Now,a palimpsest is a type of manuscript that contains writing that’s hidden because something else was written over it later.I’ll explain in a minute.This Archimedes palimpsest,as it’s now called,is by far the most important palimpsest anyone has ever seen.Because it contains the only known existing copy of Archimedes’treatise,called Method. Archimedes shows in it how maths can be applied to physics and physical reasoning back to maths problems,which is how he calculated the volume of the sphere,for example.This maybe commonplace today,but was revolutionary in his time.A few years ago,the palimpsest was sold at an auction for2million dollars.It could have ended up tucked away in a private collection,but fortunately,the collector who bought it has agreed to have experts restore every single word Archimedes wrote,so the contents can be shared with the world and studied.But there are two main problems.What do you think the first one might be?Jennifer?StudentUrn....well,it sounds like it’s extremely old.So probably some pages are at the point of crumbling into dust?ProfessorTrue.And some are moldy,and some were eaten away at by bookworms.This thing’s really decayed.But on top|of that,there’s another issue.And this is the reason why it’s a palimpsest.You see,the text apparently sat around in a library in Constantinople until1229A.D.But then a scribe erased,scraped away the writing as clean as he could in order to use the pages to write his own book on.Why would he do that?Take a guess.ProfessorWell,they used parchment to write on,but yes,there was a parchment shortage.StudentSo you are saying the parchment was basically recycled?ProfessorCorrect.Then,even later on,in the twentieth century,a forger painted ancient-looking pictures on several of the pages in order to make the book seem older and increase its value.So unfortunately,that’s quite a history.StudentBut professor Wilkens,if the scribe scraped away Archimedes’words and if these paintings covered the pages,how can the original work be recovered?ProfessorAh,that’s why I am telling you the story.That’s our task as conservationists,isn’t it?To find a way.There were still faint traces of Archimedes’words on the pages.First,we tried to make the Archimedes’words stand out with a variety of technologies,using ultraviolet light.But that didn’t work on every page.But then,there was this new idea that came from a scientist studying spinach.Student:Spinach?ProfessorYes.Spinach.This physicist,Uwe Bergman,does research that involves studying iron in spinach.He was reading an article about problems with the palimpsest and it said that there is iron in the original Archimedes’ink.So he came up with an idea to use the same method of looking at iron in spinach to view the iron on the palimpsest pages.And his idea worked.Bergman’s technique allows X-rays to pass through the forged paintings,pass through the scribe’s writing to hit the iron traces from the ink of the original Archimedes’text and create an image just of the iron on the pages.The iron-based letters seem to just pop off the page.The original text and diagrams emerged,line by line,diagram after diagram.And that’s kind of typical of our field.There’s a lot of interdisciplinary work.People from several different fields might be involved in working with a single art.。
Unit+3+Environmental+ProtectionReading+andThinking
economic losses
coastal cities submerged
Lead-in
Q4:What can we do to reduce global warming?
First, we should save energy and improve energy efficiency, develop clean energy, plant trees and use land properly.
Second, strengthen the management and storage of water resources, save water, seawater desalination(淡化)
Third, improve public health infrastructure and establish early warning systems for climate change.
C.The solutions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Part 4(Para.5)
D.The evidence of dramatic climate change.
Activity 1 Fast-reading for main ideas
2.What does the text mainly tell us?
The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the
sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as short-wave