新英语四级改革选词填空(2)
大学英语四级选词填空答题步骤和“排除法”策略
大学英语四级选词填空答题步骤和“排除法”策略初探摘要: 大学英语的教学目标是培养学生的综合应用能力,因此大学英语四级考试新题型将阅读的比重由原来的20%提升至35%。
选词填空是阅读理解部分考查的内容之一,它的设置对学生的综合阅读能力提出了更高的要求。
本文通过对四级真题的分析,探讨了选词填空题型的命题规律,归纳了相应的答题策略和技巧,帮助学生形成有效的解题思路。
关键词: 大学英语四级选词填空答题步骤“排除法”策略作为全国大学英语四级考试(cet4)改革的产物,选词填空这一新题型开始受到越来越多的关注。
由于取消了以往词汇和结构的四选一的题目,大学英语四六级考试委员会为了更好地测试考生掌握词汇的情况,出现了新四级的词汇理解题即选词填空题。
以前的词汇题是以单句的形式考查考生的,而新四级以篇章的形式考查考生对词汇的理解,也就是说,选词填空将对词汇和阅读能力的考查综合起来,考查考生对上下文的理解和词汇的应用能力。
因此,以前的词汇题考生可以通过备考期间的题海战术得到高分,而现在的选词填空题应该说用短时间的题海战术是很难得高分的。
本文通过对四级真题的分析,探讨了选词填空题型的命题规律,归纳了相应的答题策略和技巧,以期帮助学生形成有效的解题思路。
一、选词填空的命题特点在新题型中选词填空的考查方式为:从一篇220字左右的文章中,留出10个单词的空格,要求考生从给出的15个备选单词中选出10个填入文章相应处,使文章意思通顺,表达正确。
设计者一般遵循以下原则:首句不设空;一句话中不设两空;设空比较均匀,基本覆盖整个段落;设空不影响考生对文章大意的理解。
选词填空与四级考试的传统题型完形填空很相似,二者都隶属于测试学中的“集库型完形填空”(banked cloze),即一篇留出空白的短文,后面给出若干提示词和干扰词(gapped text with a box containing prompts and distractions),要求从中选出恰当的词填空,使文章连贯通顺。
大学英语四级选词填空练习题及答案
大学英语四级选词填空练习题及答案大学英语四级选词填空练习题(一)With the world's population estimated to grow from si某 to nine billion by 2022, researchers. businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure (基础设施) and jobs. Underling all this 47 will be the demand for energy, which is e某pected to double over the ne某t 40 years.Finding the resources to meet this demand in a 48 . sustainable way is the cornerstone (基石) of our nation's energy security, and will be one of the major 49 of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy- bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few are 50 being funded and developed, and will play a growing 51 in the world's energy supply. But e某perts say that even when 52 , alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world's energy needs by 2022.For e某ample, even with 53 investments, such as the $93 million for wind energy development 54 in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels 55 only about 1% of the market today.Energy and sustainability e某perts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of 56 both traditional and alternative.A)stable I)e某actlyB)solutions J)consistC)significant K)compriseD)role L)competitionsE)progress M)combinedF)marvelous N)challengesG)included O)certainlyH)growth大学英语四级选词填空练习题答案47 growth48 stable49 challenges50 certainly51 role52 combined53 significant54 included55 comprise56 solutions大学英语四级选词填空练习题(二)What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold,intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of yourgenes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes andenvironment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioralgenetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about thee某tent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.Any research that suggests that 50 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology iscontroversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 51 based onsomething that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genescontrol physical characteristics such as se某, race and eyecolor. But can genes alsodetermine whether people will get divorced, how 52 they are, or what career they are likely tochoose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 53 to which all of these characteristicsare influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment.Increasingly, science 54 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From thisperspective, people are born 55 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured,but the way it 56 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basicpicture is there from the beginning.[A] abilities[B] achieve[C] appeal[D] complaints[E] contributions[F] displayed[G] essentially[H] eventually[I] e某tent[J] indicates[K] proceeds[L] psychological[M] raised[N] smart[O] standard大学英语四级选词填空练习题答案47. M) raised48. L) psychological49. E) contributions50. A) abilities51. B) achieve52. N) smart53. I) e某tent54. J) indicates55. G) essentially56. H) eventually大学英语四级选词填空练习题及答案。
英语4级 选词填空练习真题答案解析
英语四级：选词填空练习真题答案解析 选词填空做题步骤及答题技巧首先，考生要了解选词填空文章的特点。
选词填空是一篇280字左右的文章，篇幅不长，但是一篇逻辑关系比较紧密的文章，文章挖出10个空，并给出15个备选答案，要求考生选出最佳选项。
其次，考生要熟练做题步骤及答题技巧。
1. 预览全文，确定主题。
考生在做题之前首先要预览全文，确定文章的主题，重点阅读首段首句，及各段的首句来确定文章的大致内容。
主要关注文章涉及的人物、事件、地方、原因及结果。
关注那些反复出现的词汇，可以帮助考生把握文章大致内容的重要线索。
2. 分析选项，确定词性。
确定文章主题后，考生分析15个词就成为做题的关键过渡，要标出单词的词性和词义，对于不熟悉的单词或不认识的单词可以只标出词性。
那么在选词填空中最常见的词性有：名词、动词、形容词及副词。
考生可以通过后缀来确定词性，在英语中前缀决定意思，后缀区别词性，所以考生可以把常见的后缀复习一下。
对于动词，考生要区别谓语动词及非谓语动词。
3. 开始答题，先易后难。
分析完词性后，考生要开始答题了，要根据文中空前后的单词或语句确定所填词的词性，把对应词性的选项逐一带到原文，选出词性、意思、语法都符合要求的最佳选项。
此时要注意分析句子的逻辑关系。
常见的逻辑关系词如下：(1)并列关系：and, or, as well as 等(2)对比或转折关系：but, however, on the contrary, rather than 等(3)比较关系：as ... as, like, similarly等(4)因果关系：because, for, since, as a result of, therefore, thus 等(5)举例关系：for example, for instance, such as, so on 等(6)递进关系：what’s more, moreover, in addition 等4.重读文章，确定答案。
选词填空做题方法
名词的确定 cation soon became a _____ .(nightmare) 2.As the trade winds lessen in „(strength) a. 名词主要做主语、宾语; b. 形容词或名词都可以修饰名词; c. 限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有 名词; d. 谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语 e. 介词后面必有名词或相当于名词的词.
第二步：整理选项classify the options （1分 钟） 整理选项。大概花费1分钟，即辨别每个单词词 性的时间为4秒/词。分别标出15个备选项的词 性，比如在名词旁标注n.，在动词旁写上v.，形 容词旁标注adj.，副词旁写上adv.等。目前四级 考试只考实词（notional words）中的四种： 名词n、动词v、形容词adj、副词adv； （不考 代词和数词；也不考虚词（冠词art, 介词prep, 连词conj, 感叹词interj） ） 特点：四种实词中，考的最少的是副词adv, 不超过 两个空。剩下的三种平均每次有三道题。根据真题， 动词一直是考三个。另外三种词性，有两个的，也 有四个的。
选词填空题型
新四级阅读理解中的Section A 是选词填空 (banked cloze)，此部分除了借鉴了雅思阅读中的 摘要填空summary之外，这种题主要是脱胎于传统 的完型填空(multiple-choice cloze)
这种完型填空的测试学术语称作“集库型完型填空” （banked cloze）, 即一篇留出空白的短文，后面 给出一堆提示词和干扰词 (gapped text with a box containing prompts and distracters)。 在我们的四级考试中，提示词 prompts就是那10个 正确选项，干扰词distracters就是那另外5个错误 选项。
四六级改革新题型选词填空
同学你好，解题方法分为三步：1. 预览选项，了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性：名词n，动词v，形容词a，副词ad，在每个选项后作词性的简要标记；2. 精读全文开头，把握文章主题，并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位，利用前后文判断每空的词性；3. 把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文，含义通顺，时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。
英语四级考试的常用后缀在判断选项词性时可以有一定帮助作用：常见名词后缀：-sion，-tion，如：starvation，attraction，profession-ity，如：quality，diversity常见动词后缀：-ate，如：estimate，generate-en，如：widen，worsen常见形容词后缀：-able，如：stable，affordable-tive，-sive，如：destructive，excessive ，sensitive-ous，如：unconscious，enormous常见副词后缀：-ly，如：deliberately，completely，remarkably，在根据前后文判断每空的词性时，一些经常考察的形式如下：名词：通常来说，冠词(如a，an，the)、形容词、介词后面搭配名词，即“a/an/the/adj./prep. + n。
”，举例说明：Education soon became a _____. 冠词a后面加可数名词的单数形式，正确答案是nightmare，这句话的意思是“教育很快成了一种噩梦。
”As the trade winds lessen in _____，the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru current flowi ng in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 degrees. (06-6) 介词in后面加名词，正确答案是stre ngth，这句话的意思是“当信风强度减弱的时候，海洋温度上升，导致从东部流入的秘鲁洋流上升了5摄氏度之多。
英语四级真题之选词填空
英语四级真题之选词填空英语四级真题之选词填空无论在学习或是工作中，我们都不可避免地会接触到试题，试题是命题者按照一定的考核目的编写出来的.。
还在为找参考试题而苦恼吗？以下是店铺精心整理的英语四级真题之选词填空，希望对大家有所帮助。
英语四级真题之选词填空1Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.For decades, Americans have taken for granted the XXXX development of new technologies. The innovations(创新)XXXX opment during World War II and afterwards were(36)_____ to the prosperity of the nation in the second half of the 20th century. Those innovations, upon which virtually all aspects of(37)_____ society now depend, were possible because the United States then(38)_____ the world in mathematics and science education. Today, however, despite increasing demand for workers with strong skills in mathematics and science, the(39)_____ of degrees awarded in science, math, and engineering are decreasing.The deeling in degree production in what are called the STEM disciplines(science, technology, engineering, andmath.)seems to be(40)_____related to the comparatively weak performance by U.S. schoolchildren on international assessments of math and science. Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. According to the 2005 report of the Business Higher Education Forum, 22 percent of college freshmen must take remediat(补习的)math(41)_____, and less than half of the students who plan to major in science or engineering(42)_____complete a major in those fields.The result has been a decrease in the number of American college graduates who have the skills, (43)_____ in mathematics, to power a workforce that can keep the country at the forefront(前言)of innovation and maintain its standard of living. With the(44)_____ performance of American students in math and science has come increased competition from students from other countries that have strongly supported education in these areas. Many more students earn(45)_____ in the STEM disciplines in developing countries than in the United States.A.acceleratingB.actuallyC.closelyD.contemporaryE.coursesF.criticalG.decliningH.degreesI.especiallyJ.futureK.ledL.metM.proceduresN.proportionsO.sphetes英语四级真题之选词填空2In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答问卷者)listed “to give children a good start academically”as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的)Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children‘s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.16.We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe ________.A) Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parentsB) Japan‘s economic success is a result of its scientific achievementsC) Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instructionD) Japan‘s higher education is superior to theirs17.Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools should also attach importance to ________.A) problem solvingB) group experienceC) parental guidanceD) individually-oriented development18.In Japan‘s preschool education, the focus is on ________.A) preparing children academicallyB) developing children‘s artistic interestsC) tapping children‘s potentialD) shaping children‘s character19.Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to ________.A) broaden children‘s horizonB) cultivate children‘s creativityC) lighten children‘s study loadD) enrich children‘s knowledge20.Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university -based kindergartens?A) They can do better in their future studies.B) They can accumulate more group experience there.C) They can be individually oriented when they grow up.D) They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.英语四级真题之选词填空3Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing worksession in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (继续处理) the emails that have inevitably still piled up.[B] Why should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient (有复原力的) and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.[C] We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.[E] And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems,talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics(工作狂). The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have th e cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning ener gy in order toovercome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.[I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start a gain later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cro pley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and du ring weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.[L] In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.[M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but alsoincre ases one’s work efficiency.39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.43. The author has come to see that his problem results froma misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.44. People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.英语四级真题之选词填空4Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold orflu (流感)may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That‘s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come.The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses—flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine (疫苗), which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA.But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although theflu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for.Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (综合症)， a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system.There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one.11.According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help ________.A) shorten the duration of the illnessB) the patient buy medicine over the counterC) the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugsD) prevent people from catching colds and the flu12.We learn from the passage that ________.A) one doesn‘t need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the fluB) aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the fluC) delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous systemD) over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu13.According to the passage, to combat the flu effectively, ________.A) one should identify the virus which causes itB) one should consult a doctor as soon as possibleC) one should take medicine upon catching the diseaseD) one should remain alert when the disease is spreading14.Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold?A) A stuffy nose.B) A high temperature.C) A sore throat.D) A dry cough15.If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents ________.A) are advised not to give them aspirinB) should watch out for signs of Reye syndromeC) are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccinationD) should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever英语四级真题之选词填空5Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960‘s and 70‘s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.A study published recently in the journal Nature shows thatair-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的)snow were declining.In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分)the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990 The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统)respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.21.The study published in the journal Nature indicates that ________.A) the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired resultsB) lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increaseC) lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expectedD) the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow22.Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US ________.A) was discouragedB) was enforced by lawC) was prohibited by lawD) was introduced23.How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?A) By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.B) By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.C) By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.D) By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.24.The authors of the Ambio study have found that ________.A) forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expectedB) lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal withC) lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the USD) the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions25.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists ________.A) are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollutionB) feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasolineC) still consider lead pollution a problemD) lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution 下载全文。
英语四级考试中选词填空题型的特点与解题技巧
英语四级考试中选词填空题型的特点与解题技巧一、引言大学英语四级考试中的“选词填空”属于较高层次的“完形填空”。
该部分考题是选取一篇长度为220—250个单词的文章，文中设置10个空格，要求学生从供选的15个单词里挑选出10个单词，分别填入对应的空格。
该测试部分的分值占整个试卷分值比例的5%，考试时间大约为9分钟。
解答此类试题，要求考生具有一定的阅读理解能力和较为扎实的语法，词汇功底。
而熟悉题型特点，把握解题步骤，善用解题技巧更能帮助考生在考试中获得高分。
本文借用考试真题，从题型特点、词性判断和文章结构三方面，分析解答该题型的解题步骤和技巧，以期帮助学生掌握此题型。
二、选词填空题型特点该部分的题型特点可归纳为以下几个:第一句不设空格，一句中一般不设两个空格；所有空格设置均匀，基本覆盖整个文章；所设空格一般不会影响对整篇文章的理解；供选单词的时态、语态、单复数等较为固定，入选时不需要任何变化；每个单词都只能选一次，不可重复选择；所设空格多为动词、名词、副词、形容词等实词，一般不查考冠词、介词等虚词。
比起另外两篇阅读理解而言，该题略为简单，更多偏向于测试篇章理解能力、词汇积累和词组的掌握。
三、选词填空解题技巧要快速准确完成选词填空题，就要采用以下解题技巧。
1.浏览供选单词，进行分类。
当考生开始做该部分题的时候，首先应该快速阅读提供的所有单词。
对认识的单词应快速判断其词性，对于不认识的单词则应该根据词缀猜测词义。
一般来说，前缀表词义，后缀表词性。
例如：前缀dis-表示否定、相反或相对，un-可以表示相反、对立，也可表示移走、免去，tele-可以表示远距离的，也可以表示电视的；名词词尾有-ion，-age，-ness，-ty，-ship，-ance，-hood，-dom，-itude等，动词词尾有-ize，-ise，-fy等，形容词词尾有-ous，-ive，-ent，-less，-mic等。
对于一些动词的分词形式要格外小心，因为分词可以用作过去式，也可以表示状态用做形容词，所以对于以分词形式出现的单词，应全面考虑其可能的词性，以免错选。
英语四级选词填空模拟题附答案
英语四级选词填空模拟题附答案英语四级选词填空模拟题(一)It seems you always forget-your reading glasses when you are rushing to work, your coat when you are going to the cleaners, your credit card when you are shopping...Such absent-mindedness may be __1__ to you; now British and German scientists are developing memory glasses that record everything the __2__ sees.The glasses can play back memories later to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses also __3__ the user to "label" items so that information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory identifying certain __4__ by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a __5__ label on a screen inside the glasses that the user then fills in.It could be used in __6__ plants by mechanics looking to identify machine parts or by electricians wiring a __7__ device.A spokesman for the project said: "A car mechanic for __8__ could find at a glance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified and repaired. For the motorist the system could__9__ accident black spots or dangers on the road."In other cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour, __10__ points of interest or by people looking at panoramas where all the sites could be identified.[A] allow[B] instance[C] blank[D] industrial[E] frustrating[F] items[G] indicating[H] highlight[I] user[J] complicated[K] white[L] annoying[M] successful[N] articles[O] simple英语四级选词填空模拟题答案1. E 空格处需填一形容词，即从E、J、L、M中选择。
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When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones-the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the US has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be __1__ wasteful to tear them all down and __2__ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the __3__ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest __4__, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of US carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and __5__ our homes, offices and other buildings. "You can't deal with climate change without dealing with existing building," says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.With some __6__, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that __7__ over time and let in more outside air.Fortunately, there are a __8__ number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from __9__ ones like Lincoln's Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help __10__ property owners from rising power costs.[A] accommodations[B] clumsy[C] doubtfully[D] exceptions[E] expand[F] historic[G] incredibly[H] powering[I] protect[J] reduced[K] replace[L] sense[M] shifted[N] supplying[O] vast答案解析：1. 【答案】G)。
【精析】副词辨析题。
空格前面是be动词，后面为形容词wasteful，因此空格处需要填入一个副词。
前一句中提到美国现有住宅1亿多所，该句指出，如果全部拆毁，造成的浪费必然。
incredibly"不能相信地，难以置信地"符合题意。
2. 【答案】K)。
【精析】动词辨析题。
空格前面有连词and，通过分析句子结构可知，空格处的词语与前面的动词tear为并列关系，因此空格处需要填入动词原形。
文章首句提到，绿色环保型住宅备受欢迎。
本句中承接首句指出，如果拆毁现有住宅，绿色环保型住宅，将造成一种浪费。
因此空格处应填入具有"重新建成"或"取而代之"意义的词，且与后面的介词with构成搭配。
备选动词中符合以上两点要求的只有replace。
replace...with...意为"用……取代……"。
3. 【答案】J)。
【精析】形容词辨析题。
空格前面有定冠词the，后面有名词carbon emissions，因此需要填入一个形容词。
文章围绕green buildings展开，也就是本句中提到的new energy-efficient home。
而这种新型的绿色环保建筑的最大特点就是能够碳的排放，填入reduced"减少的"符合句意。
这样也就能与后面的不定式部分的句意"补偿拆毁旧住宅所造成的资源浪费"保持一致。
4. 【答案】L)。
【精析】名词辨析题。
空格前为形容词最高级，因此其后应该填入名词，且该名词需要和前面的broadest搭配。
备选名词中能够和broadest搭配的只有sense。
实际上，此处为固定搭配in the broadest sense，意为"从广义上来讲"，是我们熟悉的短语in a sense 的变化形式。
5. 【答案】H)。
【精析】动词辨析题。
空格前面有连词and，由此可知空格处的词语与前面的heating和cooling是并列关系，因此推断空格处的词应该也为动名词形式。
动名词形式有两个，分别是powering和supplying，其中supplying常与with搭配，意为"供应"，此处不符合句意。
powering"向……提供能量"与前面的heating和cooling在意义上具有相关性，为正确答案。
6. 【答案】D)。
【精析】名词辨析题。
空格前有介词With，还有形容词some，所以需要填入名词一起构成句子的状语。
选项中名词还有accommodations和exceptions两个。
accommodations"住处"不符合句意。
选择exceptions"例外"构成短语with some exceptions，意为"除了一些特殊情况外"。
7. 【答案】E)。
【精析】动词辨析题。
通过分析句子结构可知，空格位于that引导的定语从句中，连词and前的句子缺少谓语动词，且与and后面的let为并列关系，所以空格处应填入动词原形。
句中的tiny cracks and gaps指的是"狭小的缝隙和缺口"，随着时间流逝，它们会，从而导致外界更多的空气流入室内。
可知，expand"扩展，增大"符合句意。
8. 【答案】O)。
【精析】形容词辨析题。
空格前面有不定冠词a，后面为名词number，因此空格处需要填入一个形容词。
此处的a number of为固定短语，意思是"大量的"，number前可以加上一些表示程度的形容词，如great，large，vast等，表示"数量极大的"。
因此，形容词备选项中，vast"巨大的"符合句意。
9. 【答案】F)。
【精析】形容词辨析题。
空格后面为ones，所以空格处需要填入形容词作定语。
在意义上，句中存在from...to...结构，表示一种转变或变化，因此空格处的形容词应该和to后面处于定语位置的postwar在意义上相对。
postwar指二战以后，是一个较近的时间。
因此，空格处词应该具有"较早的，久远的"的意思。
另外，从句中举出的例子Lincoln's Cottage（林肯故居）也可以验证这一推断。
所以historic"历史上著名的，有历史意义的"符合句意，为本题答案。
10. 【答案】I)。
【精析】动词辨析题。
空格前面有动词help，后面有名词短语，而help不能与后面的介词from搭配使用，因此排除空格处为形容词的可能性，空格处应该为省略to的动词不定式。
另外，从句意上来看，这一句承接上句，仍然在陈述为老住宅进行升级的好处。
备选动词中符合结构和句意双重要求的只有protect，因此为本题答案In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact on a child's language development than mothers, a new study suggests.Researchers __1__ 92 families from 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements. Overall, it was a group of well-educated middle-class families, with married parents both living in the home.When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with both parents, __2__ all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue of The Journal of Applied Development of Psychology. The scientists measured the __3__ number of utterances (话语) of the parents, the number of diffe-rent words they used, the complexity of their sentences andother __4__ of their speech. On average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked.Finally, the researchers __5__ the children's speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mother's level of education, the __6__ of child care and the number of different words the father used.The researchers are __7__ why the father's speech, and not the mother's, had an effect."It's well __8__ that the mother's language does have an impact," said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. It could be that the high-functioning mothers in the study had __9__ had a strong influence on their children's speech development, Ms. Pancsofar said, "or it may be that mothers are __10__ in a way we didn't measure in the study."[A] already[B] analyzed[C] aspects[D] characters[E] contributing[F] describing[G] established[H] quality[I] quoted[J] recording[K] recruited[L] total[M] unconscious[N] unsure[O] yet答案解析：1. 【答案】K【精析】动词辨析题。