医学英语期末复习要点
医学英文知识点总结归纳
医学英文知识点总结归纳1. AnatomyAnatomy is the study of the structure of the human body. It is essential for medical students and healthcare professionals to have a thorough understanding of anatomy in order to accurately diagnose and treat patients. Key areas of anatomy include the musculoskeletal system, the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, and the respiratory system.Musculoskeletal system: This system includes the bones, muscles, and joints of the human body. It is essential for movement, support, and protection. Key topics in musculoskeletal anatomy include bone structure, muscle types, and joint movements.Nervous system: The nervous system is responsible for coordinating the body's activities and transmitting signals between different parts of the body. Key areas of nervous system anatomy include the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.Cardiovascular system: The cardiovascular system is responsible for circulating blood and delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues. Key topics in cardiovascular anatomy include the heart, blood vessels, and the circulatory system.Respiratory system: The respiratory system is responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment. Key areas of respiratory anatomy include the lungs, airways, and the process of breathing.2. PhysiologyPhysiology is the study of how the body functions. It is essential for medical professionals to have a strong understanding of physiology in order to understand the mechanisms underlying health and disease. Key areas of physiology include cell biology, organ systems, and homeostasis.Cell biology: Cells are the basic units of life, and understanding their structure and function is essential for understanding physiology. Key topics in cell biology include cell membrane structure, cellular metabolism, and cell communication.Organ systems: The human body is composed of multiple organ systems that work together to maintain homeostasis. Key areas of organ system physiology include the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, and digestive system.Homeostasis: Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite external changes. Key topics in homeostasis include temperature regulation, fluid balance, and hormonal control.3. PathologyPathology is the study of disease. It is essential for medical professionals to have a strong understanding of pathology in order to diagnose and treat patients accurately. Key areas of pathology include the causes of disease, the mechanisms of disease progression, and the body's response to disease.Causes of disease: There are many factors that can cause disease, including genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Key topics in the causes of disease include infectious agents, genetic mutations, and environmental toxins.Mechanisms of disease progression: Once a disease has been initiated, there are many potential mechanisms by which it can progress. Key areas of disease progression include inflammation, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling.Body's response to disease: The body has a complex system of defenses against disease, including the immune system and other physiological responses. Key areas of the body's response to disease include inflammation, immune function, and repair mechanisms.4. PharmacologyPharmacology is the study of how drugs interact with the body. It is essential for medical professionals to have a strong understanding of pharmacology in order to prescribe medications safely and effectively. Key areas of pharmacology include drug actions, drug interactions, and the use of medications in different patient populations.Drug actions: Medications have specific effects on the body, and understanding these effects is essential for prescribing medications safely. Key topics in drug actions include drug receptors, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics.Drug interactions: Many medications can interact with each other, leading to potential adverse effects. Key areas of drug interactions include drug-drug interactions, drug-food interactions, and drug-disease interactions.Use of medications in different patient populations: Medications may have different effects in different patient populations, such as children, elderly patients, and patients with comorbidities. Key areas of using medications in different patient populations include pediatric pharmacology, geriatric pharmacology, and pharmacotherapy in special populations.5. Clinical medicineClinical medicine is the practice of applying medical knowledge to diagnosing and treating patients. It is essential for medical professionals to have a strong understanding of clinical medicine in order to provide high-quality patient care. Key areas of clinical medicine include history taking, physical examination, diagnostic testing, and treatment options.History taking: Obtaining a thorough medical history is essential for accurately diagnosing and treating patients. Key areas of history taking include the patient's chief complaint, past medical history, family history, and social history.Physical examination: Performing a comprehensive physical examination is essential for identifying potential signs of disease. Key areas of physical examination include inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.Diagnostic testing: Ordering and interpreting diagnostic tests is essential for confirming a diagnosis and guiding treatment decisions. Key areas of diagnostic testing include laboratory tests, imaging studies, and other specialized testing.Treatment options: Once a diagnosis has been established, there are many potential treatment options available to patients. Key areas of treatment options include medications, surgical interventions, and non-pharmacological therapies.In conclusion, medical knowledge encompasses a wide range of topics, including anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and clinical medicine. In order to provide high-quality patient care, medical professionals must have a strong understanding of these topics. This summary provides a comprehensive overview of key knowledge areas in the field of medicine, and is essential for anyone studying or practicing in the field of healthcare.。
医学英语期末考试题型及复习范围
医学英语期末考试题型及复习范围：1.An error of interpretation of this sort makes the experimental scientist cautions about giving biological significance to a sex difference when the observation is made in only one society at one period. 这一类解释上的错误使实验者在解读特定社会、特定时期两性区别的生物学意义时变得谨慎小心。
And these remarks are not made to deny the existence of biological differences but only to encourage caution in interpreting observations.说这些话的用意，不在否认两性生物学差异的存在，而只是为了提倡对观察结果进行解读时多加小心。
2.Drug testing employs various laboratory techniques to detect even minute traces of the metabolic breakdown products of marijuana，cocaine, and many kinds of prescription drugs.药物检测使用各种化验技术来查验极少量的大麻、可卡因以及多种处方药的代谢分解产物。
If a person takes a drug overdose and loses consciousness and no one is sure which drug was consumed, physicians quickly test the urine to identify the drug and determine the best treatment for saving the patient’s life.如果一个人过量服药而失去知觉，又没有人确知他服用了何种药物，医生能很快地进行尿检得以确认，并决定拯救病人生命的最佳治疗方案Two additional uses — testing athletes and employees for drug use in the playing field or on the job — are currently quite controversial.两个额外的用途——在运动场上或工作上，测试运动员和员工药物使用的——目前颇有争议。
中医英语复习整理
中医英语复习整理Unit 11.整体医学 Holistic medicine2.整体观念Holistic concept or Holism3.诊断与保健体系a system of diagnosis and health-care approaches4.一套非常成熟的治疗及保健方法A highly sophisticated set of practices designed to cure illness and to maintain health and wellbeing5.草药Herbal remedies6.阴阳平衡：balance of yin and yang; Yin-yang balance; balance between yin and yang7.阴平阳秘：Yin is even (steady) and yang is sound (firm).8.阴阳失调：disharmony of yin and yang; imbalance of yin and yang9.阴阳调和：Harmony of yin and yang10.调和肝胃：Harmonizing the liver and stomach11.中医学Chinese Medicine12针灸Acupuncture13.血汗同源The blood and sweat share the same source.14.中医师Practitioner of Chinese Medicine15.症状和体征Symptoms and (physical) signs16.为每一个体重建和谐与平衡To reestablish harmony and equilibrium for each individual17.宇宙中的万物都是相互依赖、相互作用的Everything in the universe is interdependent and interactive18.将细小的针插入身体的不同穴位The insertion of fine needles into a variety of points in the body19.中医理论 Chinese medical theory20.中医基础理论The fundamental (basic) theories of Chinese medicine21.中医理论体系The theoretical system of Chinese medicine22.神经系统The nervous system23.内分泌系统The endocrine system24.内分泌失调The endocrine disorder25.肺炎的病因Pathological cause of pneumonia26.风、寒、暑、湿、躁、火Wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness, and fire风邪Wind evil, pathogenic wind27.肝风上头The liver wind going to the head28.病原体Agent of disease29.精确的诊断Precise diagnosis30.失调的证Pattern of disharmony31.临床研究Clinical study32.使证恢复平衡，使个体恢复协调To bring the configuration into balance, to restore harmony to the individual 33.诊断六名胃痛患者患有消化道溃疡病To diagnose six patients with stomach pain as having peptic ulcer disease 34.所有患者患有相同疾病。
医学英语考试复习资料
医学英语考试复习资料一、词汇医学英语词汇量大且专业性强，是复习的重点之一。
1、词根词缀许多医学词汇都由词根、前缀和后缀组成。
例如，“cardio”表示“心脏”，“itis”表示“炎症”，那么“carditis”就是“心肌炎”。
了解常见的词根词缀可以帮助我们推测和记忆生词。
2、专业术语掌握常见的医学专业术语，如解剖学、生理学、病理学、药理学等方面的词汇。
例如，“anatomy（解剖学）”“physiology（生理学）”“pathology（病理学）”“pharmacology（药理学）”等。
3、缩略词医学领域中有大量的缩略词，如“ECG（心电图）”“MRI（磁共振成像）”“ICU（重症监护病房）”等。
需要熟悉这些缩略词的全称和含义。
二、语法1、名词的单复数医学英语中名词的单复数形式有其特殊规则。
例如，“bacterium（细菌，单数）”“bacteria（细菌，复数）”。
2、动词时态在描述医学研究、病例报告等时，要正确使用动词的时态，一般过去时和现在完成时较为常见。
3、被动语态由于医学研究和实践中更强调客观事实，被动语态的使用较为频繁。
三、阅读1、医学文献阅读医学期刊、研究报告等，提高对专业文章的理解能力。
注意文章的结构、段落主旨和关键词。
2、病例分析通过阅读病例分析，了解医学英语在实际临床中的应用，同时熟悉相关的疾病名称、症状描述和治疗方法。
四、写作1、医学报告练习撰写医学报告，包括病例报告、实验报告等，注意格式规范、语言准确和逻辑清晰。
2、摘要写作学会提炼医学文献的主要内容，写出简洁准确的摘要。
五、听力1、医学讲座收听医学专业的讲座录音，提高听力理解能力，熟悉医学领域的常用表达和发音。
2、模拟听力测试进行模拟听力测试，熟悉考试题型和节奏。
六、口语1、医患对话模拟医患之间的对话场景，练习用医学英语进行交流。
2、学术讨论参与医学英语的学术讨论，锻炼表达观点和回应他人的能力。
七、常见疾病和症状的表达1、心血管疾病如“heart attack（心脏病发作）”“hypertension（高血压）”“atherosclerosis（动脉粥样硬化）”等。
医学英语阅读课期末复习总结医学英语词汇词根前缀后缀
肺
pulmonalis肺丛
Pulmonologist [pʌl'mənɒlədʒɪst]胸肺科医生
Hepatic
[hɪˈpætɪk] a.肝脏的,治肝病的,肝脏色的,猪肝色
Hepat/hepato
肝
hepatalgia [hepə'tældʒə]肝区疼痛,肝痛
ophtalmologist眼科学家,眼科医师
Intraocular
[ˌɪntrə'ɒkjʊlə] a.眼内的,眼球内的
Intra-['ɪntrə]
表示[在内]之义,在内,内,内部
Intraabdominal腹内的，腹腔内的
Ocul-/oculo-
与眼有关的
ocular[ˈɒkjələ(r)]a.眼睛的，可见的，视觉的;n.目镜,眼睛
pathogen[ˈpæθədʒən]N.病菌，病原体
pathology[pəˈθɒlədʒi]n.病理学
nuclear[ˈnju:kliə(r)]
adj.(原子)核的；核心的；核能的
nucle-
nucleus核
Nucleoplasm ['nju:klɪəˌplæzəm]
n.核质
nuclein ['nju:klɪɪn] n.核蛋白质;核素,核质
Optant选择者
optochiasmatic视交叉的
carditis [kɑ:'daɪtɪs]
N.心脏炎
Cardi/cardio
心
Cardiovascular
[ˌkɑ:diəʊˈvæskjələ(r)]
Adj.心血管的
Cardiology
医学英语期末复习.docx
医学英语下册期末复习定期复查肠课后题翻译：英译汉1. A significant disturbance in the homeostasis of the body triggers a variety of responses that often produce disease signs and symptoms. Athletes, for example, develop abnormally high red blood cell counts due to their increased need for oxygen. 机体内环境稳态如出现某种严重素乱就会诱发各种各样的反应，显现疾病的体征和症状。
比如，由于运动员对氧气的需求增加,他们的红细胞计数就会异常升高。
2.When tissue is traumatized, injured, or becomes infected, blood flow increases to the damaged site. This is vital because the blood carries cells that are specialized to remove harmful substances and cellular debris.当组织受到创伤、外伤或者感染时，血流就会积聚在受损区域。
因为血液携带了可专门清除有害物质和细胞碎片的细胞，这一点极其重要。
3.New research techniques are making it possible to link certain diseases with abnormal gene findings. A disease may be a structural anomaly, such as a congenital heart defect, afunctional condition in which there is no organic change.新研究技术可以使得某些疾病能与发现的异常基因联系起来。
医学英语期末重点总结
医学英语期末重点总结一、绪论医学英语作为医学专业的一门重要的外语课程，学习和掌握医学英语的基本知识和技能对于医学专业的学生来说是非常重要的。
在医学英语的学习过程中，学生们需要掌握医学领域的词汇和表达方式，了解医学英语的语法和用法规范，培养良好的听、说、读、写的能力，并能够在医学实践中灵活运用所学知识。
本文将对医学英语期末考试的重点内容进行总结和归纳，以便学生们能够有针对性地复习和备考。
二、医学英语的基础知识1. 医学英语的词汇医学英语的词汇是医学专业学生需要掌握的基本知识之一。
学生们需要熟悉常用的医学术语和词汇，包括疾病、症状、治疗方法、药物等方面的词汇。
在词汇学习中，学生们可以通过阅读医学材料和参考专业词典来增加词汇量，并进行词汇的积累和整理。
2. 医学英语的语法和用法医学英语的语法和用法规范是医学英语学习的重要内容之一。
学生们需要掌握医学英语的基本语法知识和句式结构，并能够正确地运用所学的语法规则。
在语法学习中，学生们可以通过阅读医学文献和参考相关的语法书籍进行学习和练习。
3. 医学英语的听、说、读、写能力医学英语的听、说、读、写能力是学生们在医学英语学习中需要培养和提高的基本技能。
学生们可以通过听录音、参加听力训练班和英语口语角等方式来提高听力和口语能力；通过阅读医学文献、做阅读理解题和写作练习等方式来提高阅读和写作能力。
三、医学英语的实践应用1. 医学英语的听力实践医学英语的听力实践是学生们在医学英语学习中需要重点关注和实践的内容之一。
学生们可以通过听录音和参加听力训练班等方式来提高听力能力，并能够听懂医学讲座、医生的病情说明和病人的病史等。
2. 医学英语的口语实践医学英语的口语实践是学生们在医学英语学习中需要针对性地进行的实践活动。
学生们可以参加英语口语角、医学英语演讲比赛等口语实践活动，提高口语表达和交流能力，并能够与外国医生、病人和同行进行有效的沟通。
3. 医学英语的阅读实践医学英语的阅读实践是学生们在医学英语学习中需要重点进行的实践活动。
医学英语期末复习提纲.doc
201401医学英语期末考试复习题型：翻译、名词匹配、词汇和语法、阅读复习范围：医学英语课本1-12课A课文、单词、课后练习部分重点如下：一 .熟悉以下段落的英汉互译1."In my view," wrote Thomas Jefferson in 1814, "no knowledge can be more satisfactory to a manthan that of his own frame, its parts, their functions and actions.Distinguished thinkers before and since Jefferson have held this belief, but curiously, it is not one that the average person wholehearted shares.Man's attitude toward his own body ——his single most precious possession ——is decidedly ambivalent, at one and the same time his is fascinated by it and fearful of it, partly in echo of ancient taboo, partly in the conviction that the body is too complicated to understand.“在我看来，”托马斯-杰斐逊在1814年写道，“对一个人来说，没有什么知识可以比了解自身的架构，他自身的部件，他们的功能和动作更能满足他的了。
”在杰斐逊之前和之后的伟大思想学家就已经持有这个观点，但奇怪的是，这不是一个能令每一个人都心悦诚服的看法。
人对自己的身体（他个人最珍贵的财产）的态度，在同一时刻内既被它吸引着又感到害怕，这是明显矛盾的。
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英语期末复习Unit11.…that one stray request from a patient—even one that is quite relevant—might send the delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down.如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然崩塌一样。
2.…I'm piling yet another pill onto her…我还要再给她另加一种药。
3.…she's caught one of my neurons in mid- fire…她让我如火如荼的思绪戛然而止…4.My instinct is to put one hand up and keep all interruptions at bay.我的本能反应是举手，阻止她打断我的思路。
5.We merely zip back and forth between them, generally losing accuracy in the process.我们人类只是在两个想法之间来回快速转换，通常情况下，在转换的过程中丢失了精准。
6.It boils down to a question of ethics.它可归结成一个伦理学问题。
7.In some cases, having a dedicated and competent clinical partner such as a one-on- one nurse can come close to simulating a second brain, but most medical budgets don't allow for such staffing indulgence.有些情况下，有个专注、出色的临床搭档，如一对一的护士，就仿佛有了第二个大脑，不过大多数医疗预算不会如此大方，这样配备人员。
8.This conventional wisdom formed the basis for daily confrontations between an increasingly restless and resentful patient and an increasingly adamant and doom-predicting clinical clerk.有的病人越来越焦躁不安、越来越愤愤不满，有的临床医生越来越固执己见、越来越热衷于生死决断。
这种传统智慧就成了这些病人和临床医生之间天天对抗不断的基础。
9.My subsequent ‘clinical course’was far from uneventful. (Para. 9)我后来的“临床之路”远非平淡无奇10.…they had fallen from 48 to 46 the previous month! (Para. 9)（染色体的数量）在上个月已经从48条变为46！（人体到底有多少条染色体？这个问题经过了几十年的反复，到1954年才确定为23对，46条。
）11.I am proud to have contributed to this development, to the skepticism that drives it, and to the better informed treatment decisions and choices which have been made possible as a result.对于随机试验的发展、对于驱动这种发展的怀疑态度、以及对于因此而可能做出更好的知情治疗决定和选择，我有一份贡献，对此我感到自豪。
V ocabulary Test1.Neuron /neuronal overload（神经过载）2.a typical office visit（典型的诊所就诊）3.DEXA scan （DEXA扫描）4.medical practice （行医）5.blood pressure control（血压控制）6.Health maintenance（健康保持）7.mammogram report（乳房X-线检查报告）8. physical examination（体检）9.side-effects of a medication（药物的副作用）10.perpetual panic（永久的恐慌）11.practicing physicians（执业医生）12.transplant field（移植领域）13.medical budget（医疗预算）14.paracetamol tablet （扑热息痛药片）15.childproof cap（防孩子打开的盖子）16.Randomized clinical trial（随机临床试验）17.random allocation（随机分配）18.patient prognosis（病人的预后）19.control group（对照组）20.a 10-year follow-up study（10年的跟踪研究)21.a medical ward（内科病房）22.infectious hepatitis（传染性肝炎）23.severe malaise（身体严重不适）24.bilirubin metabolism（胆红素代谢）25.permanent liver damage（永久的肝损伤）26.exacerbate pathophysiology（加重病理生理状况）27.medical literature（医学文献）28.clinical investigation（临床调查）29.relapse of relapse（复发率）30.clinical epidemiology（临床流行病学）31.strict bed rest（严格的卧床休息）32.hospital stay（住院）33.recurrent jaundice（反复发作的黄疸）34.clinical course（临床病程）35Intravenous morphine（静脉注射吗啡）36.diastolic blood pressure（舒张压）37.brain perfusion（大脑血灌注）38.Primary care（初级保健）39.aorto-coronary arterial bypass（主动脉冠状动脉旁路）rmed treatment decision（知情治疗决定）Unit31.A lot has happened since then－medical school, an internal medical residency, a son , a daughter. I became an academic general internist, and I developed a chronic disease.(Line1, Para.2)从那时起发生了很多事：我上了医学院校，之后在医院的内科实习。
结了婚生了一个儿子又有了一个女儿。
再后来我成为了一名普通内科医生，然后又得了这个慢性病。
2.What caused my immune cells to begin their assault on my brain?(Line1, Para.4)是什么原因让我的免疫细胞开始攻击我的大脑呢？3.I had only two options: accommodation and acceptance of deepening disability despite optional treatment, or increased involvement in my own health care. (Line2, Para.6)我只有两个选择：要么就是适应并接受日益严重的残疾，尽管进行了最好的治疗；要么就是更多的投入去维护自己的健康。
4.…knowing that the seeds for today’s clinical care were laid years, sometimes decades earlier in the basic science literature.(Line3, Para.7)……心里清楚之所以有今天的临床医护，是由于许多年前，有时是好几十年前，已有人在基础科学文献中播下种子。
5.Walking became more difficult. Even taking a few steps using two canes exhausted me.(Line8, Para.9)行走变得越来越困难，哪怕是拄着两支拐杖走几步都让我感到筋疲力尽。
6.…I might get important building blocks that had not yet been identified.(Line8, Para.13)…我或许能获得至今尚未明确然而却是很重要的营养成分。
7.Food allergies can cause a myriad of neurological and psychological symptoms, typically without any abdominal complaints, decades before diagnosis and are very different to identify.(Line3, Para.15)食物过敏可能会让人觉得精神上和心理上很不舒服，但是很明显没有肠胃不适。
其特征在被诊断出来之前几十年都只有这些，因此很难识别。
8.Through a grinding mix of chemotherapy, radiation and all the other necessary indignities of oncology, he has lived on, despite dire prognoses to the contrary.经历了种种磨难，如化疗、放疗和其他种种因为身患肿瘤而必须承受的屈辱等，他还继续活着，尽管预后很不乐观。
9.Even remotely suggesting health benefits from these interconnections will, no doubt, raise hackles in medical circles.即使十分隐讳地暗示这些互联对健康有裨益，在医界毫无疑问会引起轩然大波。