山东省新泰市一中老校区(新泰中学)2020-2021学年高二上学期期中考试语文试题 Word版含解析

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山东省新泰中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期中考试语文试题参考答案

山东省新泰中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期中考试语文试题参考答案

新泰中学2019级高二上学期期中考试语文试题答案1、A(A选项的错因有:①原文是说“其所以不能永久的主因,究为材料本身或是其构造法的简陋”,“究”字,可以看出认为中国木结构建筑不永久的主因是木质材料或简陋构造法,这是不满的人们的观点,而非作者观点;②原文后面有句“却未尝深加探讨”,可看出作者对前文人们的观点并不认同,而选项直接表述为“中国木造建筑使用的材料及简陋的构造法致其不永久是……主要原因”,而未说“人们认为中国木造建筑使用的材料及简陋的构造法致其不永久是……主要原因”,就是把两个原因直接陈述为客观现实或者说作者的观点;③简陋的构造法,联系文末的“智慧的组织”可以看出并非作者观点。

)2、D(A项,从“例如”可看出,用石料和木料对比是为了佐证只要不违背用材料之合理的结构原则就有可能让建筑有相当永久的寿命。

B项,从第四段第三句的“但”可看出本段主旨是建筑上的美是不能脱离合理的结构等而独立的。

C项,关联全段可以看出,举古埃及的阶陵殿为例主要是为了引出和强调后文所述建筑的“美”却不能脱离结构而独立的。

D项,“最终是为了阐述明清建筑有关话题”,可结合材料二末句“明清只是发挥它装饰的作用而已”及全文标题“明清建筑二论”,可以推断出。

)3、C(根据原文语句间关系可看出省略号所在句是对前文“建筑上的美是不能……结构等而独立的”的解读,而C项所述“结构出更多的装饰物……”与此相矛盾。

另,C项所述也与前文所列条件“能呈现平稳、舒适、自然的外象”相违。

)4、态度是相反的(1分,答“不一致”,也计1分)。

汉宝德认为斗拱只是在木造建筑中起装饰作用;(1分)而林徽因认为斗拱是建筑结构的有机组成,对建筑的坚固起到了重要作用。

(1分)。

答对三点,计4分。

5、第一问:文章主体部分先从适用、坚固、美三个角度较深入地阐述了建筑的特点(1分)。

接着据此从这三个角度对中国建筑作了较深入的阐述(1分)。

(2分)第二问:文章以“结构(价值)”为阐述的中心(1分),但在阐述建筑的适用性(1分)时,未扣“结构”,论证略显旁逸(1分)。

山东省新泰市第一中学老校区新泰中学2021年高二英语上学期第一次月考试题.doc

山东省新泰市第一中学老校区新泰中学2021年高二英语上学期第一次月考试题.doc

山东省新泰市第一中学老校区(新泰中学)2020-2021学年高二英语上学期第一次月考试题本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分,共12页,满分150分,考试时间120分钟。

注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写到答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。

2.第I卷每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。

3.第II卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

第I卷(选择题共95分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分 30 分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 7.5 分)听下面 5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例:How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是 C。

1. Why can’t the man park there?A. It is after 4 o’clock.B. He is blocking the driveway.C. Only the police can park there.2. Where are the speakers?A. In a restaurant.B. At home.C. In a grocery store.3. Who is the man probably talking to?A. His boss.B. His assistant.C. His customer.4. What does the woman order?A. Eggs and bread.B. Eggs and fruit.C. Fruit and bread.5. What did the man probably do?A. He left something inside the car.B. He forgot to turn off the lights.C. He left his wallet at home.第二节(共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 22.5 分)听下面 5 段对话或独白。

山东省新泰第一中学老校区新泰中学2020_2021学年高二化学上学期期中试题含解析

山东省新泰第一中学老校区新泰中学2020_2021学年高二化学上学期期中试题含解析
B.v(O2)与v(H2O)的关系应为6v(O2)=5v(H2O), v(O2)=v(H2O),故B错误;
C.v(NH3)与v(H2O)的关系应为3v(NH3)=2v(H2O), v(NH3)=v(H2O),故C错误;
D.5v(O2)与v(NO)的关系应为4v(O2)=5v(NO), v(O2)=v(NO),故D正确;
C.平衡后再充入NH3,平衡正向移动,但根据勒夏特列原理只能削弱不能抵消可知,达到新平衡时,NH3的百分含量变大,C错误;
D.假如反响前充入的N2与H2物质的量相等,N2过量,因此达平衡时H2的转化率比N2的高,D正确;
答案选D。
·L-1某一元酸HA的电离平衡常数约为1×10-7,如下表示错误的答案是〔〕
3. 化学能与热能、电能等能相互转化。关于化学能与其他能量相互转化的说法正确的答案是()
A. 化学反响中能量变化的主要原因是化学键的断裂
B. 铝热反响中,反响物的总能量比生成物的总能量低
C. 图I所示的装置能将化学能转变为电能
D. 图II所示的反响为放热反响
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】A.化学反响时断键要吸收能量,成键要放出能量,所以化学反响中能量变化的主要原因是化学键的断裂与生成,故A错误;
应当选C。
13. 下表中物质的分类组合完全正确的答案是〔〕
选项
A
B
C
D
强电解质
KNO3
H2SO4
BaSO4
HClO4
弱电解质
CH3COONa
CaCO3
H2CO3
NH3•H2O
非电解质
SO2
CS2
H2O
C2H5OH
A. AB. BC. CD. D

山东省新泰市第一中学老校区新泰中学2020年高二第一学期第一次月考数学试题及解析

山东省新泰市第一中学老校区新泰中学2020年高二第一学期第一次月考数学试题及解析

新泰中学高二年级2020~2021学年度第一次阶段性数学检测试题考试时间:120分钟 满分150分注意事项:1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷(选择题)一、单选题.(共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求)1.已知向量()()1,1,01,0,2a b ==-,且2ka b a b +-与互相垂直,则k 的值是 ( ) A.75B.2C.53D.1[试题参考答案]A【试题解析】由向量垂直,可得对应向量数量积为0,从而可求出结果. 【详细解答】因为()()1,1,01,0,2a b ==-,,所以1a b =-,25a b ==,,又2ka b a b +-与互相垂直,所以()()20ka b a b +-=,即22220k a ka b a b b -+-=,即4250k k +--=,所以75k =;故选A本题主要考查向量的数量积的坐标运算,属于基础题型.2.{},,a b c 为空间向量的一组基底,则下列各项中,能构成空间向量的基底的一组向量是( )A.{},,a a b a b +-B.{},,b a b a b +-C.{},,c a b a b +-D.{},,2a b a b a b +-+[试题参考答案]C 【试题解析】直接利用基底的定义和共线向量的应用求出结果.【详细解答】【解析】:对于{a 、b 、}c 为空间的一组基底,所以对于()()2a b a b a ++-=与a 共线,故选项A 错误. 对于()()2a b a b b +--=与b 共线,故选项B 错误.对于c 和a b a b +-与不共线向量,所以可以作为基底,故选项C 正确. 对于312()()22a b a b a b +=++-,所以不可以作为向量的基底,故选项D 错误. 故选:C .本题考查的知识要点:基底的定义,共线向量,主要考查学生的运算能力和转换能力及思维能力,属于基础题.3.在空间直角坐标系O xyz -中,记点()1,2,3A 在xOz 平面内的正投影为点B ,则OB =( )[试题参考答案]B 【试题解析】求出B 点坐标,然后计算OB . 【详细解答】点()1,2,3A 在xOz 平面内的正投影为点(1,0,3)B ,则OB ==.故选:B.本题考查空间点在坐标平面上的投影,考查空间两点间距离.属于基础题.4.已知m 是实常数,若方程22240x y x y m ++++=表示的曲线是圆,则m 的取值范围为( ) A.(),20-∞ B.(),5-∞C.()5,+∞D.()20,+∞[试题参考答案]B 【试题解析】由方程表示的曲线为圆,可得出关于实数m 的不等式,解出即可.【详细解答】由于方程22240x y x y m ++++=表示的曲线为圆,则222440m +->,解得5m <.因此,实数m 的取值范围是(),5-∞. 故选:B.本题考查利用圆的一般方程求参数,考查计算能力,属于基础题. 5.已知点P (-1,1)与点Q (3,5)关于直线l 对称,则直线l 的方程为( ) A.x -y +1=0 B.x -y =0 C.x +y -4=0 D.x +y =0[试题参考答案]C 【试题解析】PQ 中点()1,3,直线斜率11PQk k =-=-,所以直线为()31y x -=--, 即40x y +-=,故选C.6.已知直线()1:21230l x a y a +-+-=,22:340l ax y a +++=,则“32a =”是“12l l //”的( )A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件 [试题参考答案]C 【试题解析】先根据直线12l l //求出a 的值,再判断充要关系即可. 【详细解答】若12l l //,则()213a a -=,解得32a =或1a =-.当1a =-时,直线1l 的方程为350x y --=,直线2l 的方程为350x y -++=,两直线重合,所以32a =,所以“32a =”是“12l l //”的充要条件.易错警示:很多考生根据12l l //求出32a =或1a =-后,直接得出结论,而忽略排除两直线重合的情况,从而错选A. 故选:C.本题主要考查充要关系的判断、两直线平行,考查的数学核心素养是数学运算、逻辑推理. 7.直线2cos 30,63x y ππαα⎛⎫⎡⎤--=∈ ⎪⎢⎥⎣⎦⎝⎭的倾斜角的取值范围是( ) A.,63ππ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦ B.,43ππ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦ C ,42ππ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦ D.2,43ππ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦[试题参考答案]B 【试题解析】根据直线方程求出直线的斜率2cos k α=,再由α的范围即可求解. 【详细解答】直线2x cos α-y -3=0的斜率k =2cos α,因为α∈,63ππ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦,所以12≤cos α≤2,因此k =2cos α∈⎡⎣.设直线的倾斜角为θ,则有tan θ∈⎡⎣.又θ∈[0,π),且正切函数在0,2π⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭上单调递增,在,2ππ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上为单调递增函数, 结合正切函数的图像可知 所以θ∈,43ππ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦,即倾斜角的取值范围是,43ππ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦. 故选:B本题考查了直线的斜率与倾斜角,需熟记直线的斜率与倾斜角的关系,属于基础题.8.在如图的正方体ABCD ﹣A 'B 'C 'D '中,AB =3,点M 是侧面BCC 'B '内的动点,满足AM ⊥BD ',设AM 与平面BCC 'B '所成角为θ,则tan θ的最大值为( )A.22B.2C.43D.34[试题参考答案]B 【试题解析】构建以B 为原点,,,CB AB BB '分别为,,x y z 轴的正方向构建空间直角坐标系,根据正方体棱长标识,,,A B B D '',令(,0,)M x z 结合AM ⊥BD '有3z x =+且30x -≤≤,而AM 与平面BCC 'B '所成角的平面角为AMB ∠,即有2||tan ||269AB MB x x θ==++,即可求tan θ的最大值.【详细解答】如下图,以B 为原点,,,CB AB BB '分别为,,x y z 轴的正方向构建空间直角坐标系,则有(0,3,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,3),(3,3,3)A B B D ''---,令(,0,)M x z ,∴(,3,)AM x z =,(3,3,3)BD '=--,又AM ⊥BD ',有3z x =+且30x -≤≤, AM 与平面BCC 'B '所成角为θ,即AMB θ∠=,而(,0,3)BM x x =+,∴tan θ==,30x -≤≤, ∴当32x =-时,max (tan )θ=故选:B.本题考查了利用空间向量求线面角的最值,综合应用了向量垂直的坐标公式,线面角,以及利用二次函数求最值.二、多选题(共4小题,每小题5分,共20分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,至少有一个选项是符合题目要求,全部选对的得5分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的不得分)9.下面四个结论正确的是( )A.向量(),0,0a b a b ≠≠,若a b ⊥,则0a b ⋅=.B.若空间四个点P ,A ,B ,C ,1344PC PA PB =+,则A ,B ,C 三点共线. C.已知向量()1,1,a x =,()3,,9b x =-,若310x <,则,a b 为钝角.D.任意向量a ,b ,c 满足()()a b c a b c ⋅⋅=⋅⋅. [试题参考答案]AB 【试题解析】由向量垂直的充要条件可判断A ;由题意11334444PC PA PB PC -=-,即可判断B ;举出反例可判断C ;由向量的数量积运算不满足结合律可判断D.即可得解. 【详细解答】由向量垂直的充要条件可得A 正确;1344PC PA PB =+,∴11334444PC PA PB PC -=-即3AC CB =, ∴A ,B ,C 三点共线,故B 正确;当3x =-时,两个向量共线,夹角为π,故C 错误; 由于向量的数量积运算不满足结合律,故D 错误.故选:A 、B本题考查了向量垂直的判定、利用向量证明点共线和向量数量积的应用,属于基础题. 10.已知直线l :2(1)10a a x y ++-+=,其中a R ∈,下列说法正确的是( ) A.当a =-1时,直线l 与直线x +y =0垂直 B.若直线l 与直线x -y =0平行,则a =0 C.直线l 过定点(0,1)D.当a =0时,直线l 在两坐标轴上的截距相等 [试题参考答案]AC 【试题解析】利用两直线平行、垂直以及过定点和在两轴上的截距分析直线方程的特征,逐项分析,得到结果.【详细解答】对于A 项,当a =-1时,直线l 的方程为10x y -+=,显然与x +y =0垂直,所以正确;对于B 项,若直线l 与直线x -y =0平行,可知2(1)(1)1(1)a a ++⋅-=⋅-,解得0a =或1a =-,所以不正确;对于C 项,当0x =时,有1y =,所以直线过定点(0,1),所以正确; 对于D 项,当a =0时,直线l 的方程为10x y -+=, 在两轴上的截距分别是1,1-,所以不正确; 故选:AC.该题考查的是有关直线的问题,涉及到的知识点有两直线平行,两直线垂直,直线过定点问题,直线在两轴上的截距的求解,属于简单题目. 11.下列说法的正确的是 ( ) A.经过定点的直线都可以用方程()00y y k x x -=-表示. B.经过定点的直线都可以用方程y kx b =+表示.C.不经过原点的直线都可以用方程表示.D.经过任意两个不同的点的直线都可以用方程()()()()121121y y x x x x y y --=--表示.[试题参考答案]D 【试题解析】 【详细解答】【解析】:因为选项A 中缺少了斜率不存在的直线,因此错误 选项B 中,也是同上选项C 中,表示的缺少与x 轴平行和与y 轴平行的直线,因此错误,选D 12.如图,正方体1111ABCD A B C D -的棱长为1,E 是1DD 的中点,则( )A.直线1//B C 平面1A BDB.11B C BD ⊥C.三棱锥11C B CE -的体积为13D.异面直线1B C 与BD 所成的角为60︒[试题参考答案]ABD 【试题解析】建立空间直角坐标系,利用空间向量法一一验证即可; 【详细解答】【解析】:如图建立空间直角坐标系,()0,0,0A ,()1,0,0B ,()1,1,0C ,()0,1,0D ,()10,0,1A ,()11,0,1B ,()11,1,1C ,()10,1,1D ,10,1,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭E ,()1B C 0,1,1=-,()11,1,1BD =-,()1,1,0BD =-,()11,0,1BA =-所以()111011110B C BD =-⨯+⨯+-⨯=,即11BC BD ⊥,所以11B C BD ⊥,故B 正确;()11011101B C BD =-⨯+⨯+-⨯=,12B C =,2BD =,设异面直线1B C 与BD 所成的角为θ,则111cos 2B C BD B C BDθ==,又0,2πθ⎛⎤∈ ⎥⎝⎦,所以3πθ=,故D 正确;设平面1A BD 的法向量为(),,n x y z =,则1·0·0n BA n BD ⎧=⎨=⎩,即00x y x z -+=⎧⎨-+=⎩,取()1,1,1n =,则()10111110n B C =⨯+⨯+⨯-=,即1C n B ⊥,又直线1B C ⊄平面1A BD ,所以直线1//B C 平面1A BD ,故A 正确;111111111111113326C B CE B C CE C CE V B C S V -∆-===⨯⨯⨯⨯=⋅,故C 错误;故选:ABD本题考查空间向量法在立体几何中的应用,属于中档题.第II 卷(非选择题)三、填空题(本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分)13 已知A(1,-2,11)、B(4,2,3)、C(x,y,15)三点共线,则xy=___________. [试题参考答案]2. 【试题解析】 试题分析:由三点共线得向量AB与AC共线,即AB k AC=,(3,4,8)(1,2,4)k x y -=-+,124348x y -+==-,解得12x =-,4y =-,∴2xy =.考点:空间三点共线.14.已知圆C 的圆心在直线230x y --=上,且过点3(2,)A -,(2,5)B --,则圆C 的标准方程为_________[试题参考答案]22(1)(2)10x y +++= 【试题解析】由圆心在直线230x y --=上有(23,)C m m +,设半径为r 结合所过点,A B 即可求圆C 的标准方程.【详细解答】圆C 的圆心在直线230x y --=上,令(23,)C m m +,半径为r , ∴圆C 的方程为:222(23)()x m y m r --+-=,又3(2,)A -,(2,5)B --,有()()()()222222213{255m m r m m r+++=+++=,解得2210m r =-⎧⎨=⎩,有(1,2)C --, 故答案为:22(1)(2)10x y +++=;本题考查了求圆的标准方程,根据圆心位置、所过的点求圆的方程,属于简单题.15.已知一个等腰三角形ABC 的一个顶点是A (4,2),底边的一个端点B (3,5),底边另一个端点C 的轨迹方程是___________.[试题参考答案]22(4)(2)10x y -+-=(去掉(3,5),(5,-1)两点) 【试题解析】根据等腰三角形和已知顶点A (4,2),一个端点B (3,5),利用腰相等且能构成三角形即可求端点C 的轨迹方程;【详细解答】由题意知:设另一个端点(,)C x y ,腰长为r ==,∴C 的轨迹方程:22(4)(2)10x y -+-=,又由A 、B 、C 构成三角形,即三点不可共线,∴需要去掉重合点(3,5),反向共线点(5,-1),故答案为:22(4)(2)10x y -+-=(去掉(3,5),(5,-1)两点)本题考查了轨迹方程,利用等要三角形的性质及三角形三点不共线求轨迹方程,属于基础题. 16.已知正方体1111ABCD A B C D -的棱长为2,点M ,N 分别是棱BC ,1CC 的中点,则二面角C AM N --的余弦值为__.若动点P 在正方形11BCC B (包括边界)内运动,且1//PA 平面AMN ,则线段1PA 的长度范围是__.[试题参考答案] (1).23 (2).3252⎡⎢⎣, 【试题解析】易知NQC ∠为二面角C AM N --的平面角,利用相似的性质可求得CQ ,进而求得NQ ,由此得解二面角C AM N --的余弦值;建立空间直角坐标系,可求得点P 的轨迹为经过1BB ,11B C 中点的线段,再根据对称性即可求得线段1PA 长度的最值,进而得到取值范围.【详细解答】【解析】:延长AM 至Q ,使得CQ AQ ⊥,连接NQ ,如图,由于1111ABCD A B C D -为正方体,由三垂线定理易知NQC ∠为二面角C AM N --的平面角,而2sin sin 521CQ AB CMQ AMB CM AM ∠=∠====+,故55CQ ==∴22()155NQ =+=, ∴2cos 3CQ NQC NQ ∠==; 以点D 为坐标原点,建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系,设(P m ,2,)(0n m ,2)n ,(2A ,0,0),(1M ,2,0),(0N ,2,1),1(2A ,0,2),则(1,2,0),(2,2,1)AM AN =-=-,1(2,2,2)A P m n =--,设平面AMN 的一个法向量为(,,)v x y z =,则·20·220v AM x y v AN x y z ⎧=-+=⎨=-++=⎩,故可取(2,1,2)v =, 又1//PA 平面AMN ,∴12(2)22(2)30A P v m n m n =-++-=+-=, ∴点P 的轨迹为经过1BB ,11B C 中点的线段,根据对称性可知,当点P 在两个中点时,21||215max PA =+=,当点P 在两个中点的中点时,221232||(5)()22min PA =-=,故选段1PA 的长度范围是32[,5]2. 故答案为:23,32[,5]2.四、解答题(共6小题,70分)17.已知空间中三点(2,0,2)A -,(1,1,2)B -,(3,0,4)C -,设a AB =,b AC =.(1)求向量a 与向量b 的夹角的余弦值; (2)若ka b +与2ka b -互相垂直,求实数k 的值. [试题参考答案](1)1010-;(2)52k =-或2k =.【试题解析】(1)先写出a ,b ,再根据空间向量的夹角公式直接求解即可; (2)根据空间向量垂直的坐标表示直接求解即可得答案. 【详细解答】(1)∵()1,1,0a AB ==,()1,0,2b AC ==-, 设a 与b 的夹角为θ,∴10cos 10|a ba b θ⋅===-∣;(2)∵()1,,2ka b k k +=-,()22,,4ka b k k -=+-且()()2ka b ka b +⊥-,∴2(1)(2)80k k k -++-=,即:52k =-或2k =. 本题考查空间向量的夹角的计算,空间向量的垂直求参数,考查运算能力,是基础题. 18.如图,已知M 、N 分别为四面体ABCD 的面BCD 与面ACD 的重心,且G 为AM 上一点,且:1:3GM GA =,设AB a =,AC b =,AD c =,试用a ,b ,c 表示BG ,BN .[试题参考答案]BG 311444a b c =-++;BN 1133b c a =+-.【试题解析】根据向量的加减法计算即可.【详细解答】【解析】:14BG BM MG BM AM =+=-131()444BM AB BM BM a =-+=-3211()4324BC BD a =⨯⨯+- 11()44b ac a a =-+-- 311444a b c =-++;21()32BN AN AB AC AD AB =-=⨯+-1133b c a =+-. 本题主要考查向量的加减法和几何表示,属于基础题. 19.求过点(2,3)P ,且满足下列条件的直线方程:(1)倾斜角等于直线40x +=的倾斜角的二倍的直线方程; (2)在两坐标轴上截距相等的直线方程.[试题参考答案]30y -+-= .(2)320x y -=或50x y +-= . 【试题解析】分析:(1)求出直线的倾斜角,利用点斜式求出直线方程; (2)分类讨论,可得在两坐标轴上截距相等的直线方程. 详【解析】:(1) 由题意,可知 tan α=,所以 30α=, 则 tan2tan603k α===所以 )32y x -=-,所以所求直线的方程为30y -+-=. (2) 当直线过原点时方程为:32y x =,当直线不过原点时方程为:155x y+=. 故所求直线的方程为 320x y -= 或 50x y +-=. 点睛:本题考查直线方程,考查分类讨论的数学思想.20.已知ABC ∆的顶点(2,8)C -,直线AB 的方程为211y x =-+,AC 边上的高BH 所在直线的方程为320x y ++= (1)求顶点A 和B 的坐标;(2)求ABC ∆外接圆的一般方程.[试题参考答案](1)()5,1和()7,3-;(2)2246120x y x y +-+-= 【试题解析】(1)联立直线AB 与直线BH 的方程可得点B 的坐标,由AC BH ⊥,进而设出直线AC 的方程,将C 的坐标代入得方程,再与直线AB 方程联立即可得点A 的坐标; (2)由(1)知A ,B ,C 的坐标,设ABC ∆外接圆的一般方程,代入求解即可. 【详细解答】(1)由211320y x x y =-+⎧⎨++=⎩可得顶点(7,3)B -,又因AC BH ⊥得,13BH k =-所以设AC 的方程为3y x b =+, 将(2,8)C -代入得14b =-由211314y x y x =-+⎧⎨=-⎩可得顶点为(5,1)A 所以A 和B 的坐标分别为(5,1)和(7,3)-(2)设ABC ∆的外接圆方程为220x y Dx Ey F ++++=,将(5,1)A 、(7,3)B -和(2,8)C -三点的坐标分别代入,得52607358028680D E F D E F D E F +++=⎧⎪-++=⎨⎪-++=⎩,解得4612D E F =-⎧⎪=⎨⎪=-⎩,所以ABC ∆的外接圆的一般方程为2246120x y x y +-+-=. 本题主要考查两直线交点的求法,待定系数法求圆的方程,属于基础题. 21.已知直线方程为()()221340m x m y m -++++=. (1)证明:直线恒过定点;(2)m 为何值时,点()3,4Q 到直线的距离最大,最大值为多少?(3)若直线分别与x 轴,y 轴的负半轴交于,A B 两点,求AOB 面积的最小值及此时直线的方程.[试题参考答案](1)证明见解析(2)47=m ;(3)最小值为4;此时直线的方程240x y ++=【试题解析】(1)证明:利用直线是直线系求出直线恒过定点,即可;(2)点(3,4)Q 到直线的距离最大,转化为两点间的距离,求出距离就是最大值.(3)若直线分别与x 轴,y 轴的负半轴交于A .B 两点,设出直线的方程,求出A ,B ,然后求出AOB ∆面积,利用基本不等式求出的最小值及此时直线的方程.【详细解答】(1)证明:直线方程为()()221340m x m y m -++++=,可化为()()24230x y m x y +++-++=,对任意m 都成立,所以230240x y x y -++=⎧⎨++=⎩,解得12x y =-⎧⎨=-⎩,所以直线恒过定点()1,2--;(2)【解析】:点()3,4Q 到直线的距离最大,可知点Q 与定点()1,2P --的连线的距离就是所求最大值,=423312PQ k +==+, ()()221340m x m y m -++++=的斜率为23-, 可得22321m m --=-+,解得47=m .(3)【解析】:若直线分别与x 轴,y 轴的负半轴交于,A B 两点,直线方程为()21y k x +=+,k 0<,则21,0A k ⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭,()0,2B k -,()121222121222242222AOB k k S k k k k k k --⎛⎫⎛⎫=--=--=++≥+⋅= ⎪ ⎪--⎝⎭⎝⎭△,当且仅当2k =-时取等号,面积的最小值为4.此时直线的方程240x y ++=.本题考查直线系过定点,零点的距离公式,基本不等式的应用,考查计算能力,转化思想,属于中档题.22.如图所示的几何体P ABCDE -中,ABP △和AEP △均为以A 为直角顶点的等腰直角三角形,AB AE ⊥,//AB CE ,//AE CD ,24CD CE AB ===,M 为PD 的中点.(1)求证:CE PE ⊥;(2)求二面角M CE D --的大小;(3)设N 为线段PE 上的动点,使得平面//ABN 平面MCE ,求线段AN 的长. [试题参考答案](1)证明见解析;(2)45︒;(32 【试题解析】(1)根据题意,得出PA AB ⊥,PA AE ⊥,根据线面垂直的判定定理得出PA ⊥平面ABCDE ,则AB AE ⊥,建立以A 为原点,AB ,AE ,AP 为x ,y ,z 轴的空间直角坐标系,利用向量法能证明CE PE ⊥;(2)求出平面MEC 的法向量和平面DEC 的一个法向量,利用向量法能求出二面角M CE D --的大小;(3)设PN PE λ→→=,[[0λ∈,1]),求出(0N ,2λ,22)λ-,令AN n →→⊥,则0AN n →→=,解得N 为PE 的中点,利用向量法能求出线段AN 的长.【详细解答】【解析】:依题意得,ABP △和AEP △均为以A 为直角顶点的等腰直角三角形, 则PA AB ⊥,PA AE ⊥,所以PA⊥面ABCDE,又AB AE⊥,可以建立以A为原点,分别以AB→,AE→,AP→的方向为x轴,y轴,z轴正方向的空间直角坐标系(如图),可得()0,0,0A,()2,0,0B,()4,2,0C,()4,6,0D,()0,2,0E,()002P,,,()2,3,1M, (1)证明:由题意,()4,0,0CE→=-,()0,2,2PE→=-,因为0CE PE→→⋅=,所以CE PE⊥.(2)【解析】:()2,1,1ME→=---,()2,1,1MC→=--,设(),,n x y z→=为平面MEC的法向量,则n MEn MC⎧⋅=⎨⋅=⎩,即2020x y zx y z---=⎧⎨--=⎩,不妨令1y=,可得()0,1,1n→=-,平面DEC的一个法向量()0,0,2AP→=,因此有2cos,2n APn APn AP→→→→→→⋅==-,由图可得二面角M CE D--为锐二面角,所以二面角M CE D--的大小为45︒.(3)【解析】:(方法一)设[]()0,1PN PEλλ→→=∈,(),,N x y z,所以()(),,20,2,2x y zλ-=-,因此()0,2,22Nλλ-,令AN n→→⊥,即0AN n→→⋅=,解得12λ=,即N 为PE 的中点, 因为//AB 平面MCE ,//AN 平面MCE ,AB AN A =,所以当N 为PE 的中点时,平面//ABN 平面MCE , 此时即()0,1,1N ,AN →==所以线段AN .(方法二)设[]()0,1PN PE λλ→→=∈,(),,N x y z ,所以()(),,20,2,2x y z λ-=-,因此()0,2,22N λλ-, 设(),,m x y z →=为平面ABN 的法向量,则00m AB m AN ⎧⋅=⎨⋅=⎩,即()402220x y z λλ=⎧⎨+-=⎩,不妨令1y λ=-,可得()0,1,m λλ→=-, 因为平面//ABN 平面MCE ,所以//m n →→, 解得:12λ=,此时即()0,1,1N ,AN →==所以线段AN .本题考查利用空间向量法证明线线垂直,以及利用空间向量法求出二面角和线段长,还涉及空间中线面的判定定理和性质,考查运算求解能力以及化归与转化思想,是中档题.13、2 14.22(1)(2)10x y +++=15:22(4)(2)10x y -+-=(去掉(3,5),(5,-1)两点)。

山东省2020-2021学年高二上学期期中英语试卷精选汇编:七选五专题

山东省2020-2021学年高二上学期期中英语试卷精选汇编:七选五专题

七选五专题山东省邹城市2020-2021学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题第二节(共5小题,每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

We all experience momentary bursts of anger every now and then. For the most part, though, these relatively minor annoyances are easy to deal with, but walking back your anger when you're having a heated conversation with someone is a lot more difficult. There are things you can do in the moment to calm yourself, though.1. Acknowledge that you're angry.When you're angry,you notice it in your body. 32 If you're not physically feeling it, you might hear it in the sound of your voice.Once you notice this, try to adjust your voice. Just as increasing anger can correspond to an increasingly loud voice, so can the opposite. 332. Give yourself a time out.How do you do the exercise above when you're in the middle of a face-to-face conversation? Call a personal timeout. Walking away gives you time to calm down and collect your thoughts before responding. This also aids in decreasing anger.Of course, don't just peace out of the argument. Let whoever you're talking to know that you just need a little physical space.3. Ask yourself what emotion is behind the anger.34 More often than not, anger is a “secondary emotion” we use as a mask or a defense for an entirely different feeling (shame, for instance, or embarrassment).Once you're aware of the real emotions at play, you can communicate it to the person you snapped at. Also, you'd apologize to your co-worker and perhaps consider asking your manager to lighten your workload.4.35Let's say you've taken the advice above, but you're still feeling heated. If so,changing the topic of conversation can also be a good way to cope with anger in the moment. 36 If you were discussing something serious-or something that needs to be explained finally-table the discussion for later or the next day, when you calm down.A. Change the subject of the conversation.B. Stop the conversation with your partner.C. Anger will do damage to your lungs and heart.D.Try responding to your loud voice by gradually lowering it.E.Now that you've calmed down, think about what's motivating your anger.F.Make a joke and reroute the conversation to a safe, calm, enjoyable dialogue.G. Anger will often cause changes in our body, such as muscle tension or sore neck.七选五:32—36 GDEAF山东省实验中学2020-2021学年度第一学期期中考试高二英语试题第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

山东省2020-2021学年高二上学期期中英语试卷精选汇编:读后续写专题

山东省2020-2021学年高二上学期期中英语试卷精选汇编:读后续写专题

读后续写专题山东省邹城市2020-2021学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题第二节读后续写(满分25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Mary waited anxiously for her turn in the empty dressing room.Never had she been so nervous before. This competition was of vital importance to her comeback(复出)。

“If I can win today," she said to herself, “I can dance on the national stage next month.” Three months ago, her left arm was seriously injured in a car accident. After the medical treatment, she began to recover slowly. She practiced over and over again in order to regain her dancing skills.“Hi, Mary,” in rushed her friend Jessica. “How is your arm? Is it going to influence your performance?”"I guess it can be tolerated for I am to win the match,"said Mary with a determined look.“Admirable! But I hear that a girl called Linda is really gifted and strong. She can be your real well-matched e on!”After Jessica left,Mary decided to practice her most difficult spin. “If I don't try harder,I won't grasp this chance."She thought.But her arm began to hurt,making her worried."Mary, what makes you think you have a chance tonight?"she said to herself. After the pain was gone, she continued to warm up.A slim girl hurried in and put down an equipment bag on the chair. Then,she took out her dance dress quickly and put it on skillfully. Seeing Mary,she smiled politely and said "Hi,I'm Linda. I am the next one!" Mary nodded in reply but felt uncomfortable."This is just my competitor.Because of her,I may lose tonight."Her mind was wandering when Linda let out a scream,"Oh,God,I can't find my music tape!"Linda searched her bag but in vain. "It may be missing on the way."With these words,she then rushed out.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

山东省泰安市新泰第一中学(新泰中学校区)2024-2025学年高二上学期期中模拟英语试题

山东省泰安市新泰第一中学(新泰中学校区)2024-2025学年高二上学期期中模拟英语试题

山东省泰安市新泰第一中学(新泰中学校区)2024-2025学年高二上学期期中模拟英语试题一、阅读理解Our list of summer programs and camps has something for every teenager. It’s time for teenagers explore and comment the great opportunities available on college campuses, nationwide, and overseas.California College of the Arts’ Pre-College ProgramSan Francisco, CAAt this week-long program, you’ll join a wide range of groups of creative thinkers and makers “share your passion for art and design. You’ll take college-level courses while earning 3 college credits.Juniper Young WritersAmherst, MAWe look for writers whose work shows curiosity and risk-taking, and who are eager to experiment with forms and ideas new to them, in the company of their creative peers. We offer teen poets and writers a self-directed journey into a week of the wild invention. Working independently, participants will gain insight into the creative writing process.World Virtual Writing CampsVirtual, OnlineOpen to teens aged 13-19, World Virtual Writing Camps invite writers to explore new types of literature and learn from famous authors, editors, and educators as they work to share their writing with the world. We welcome you to join our week-long writing camps!Penn Arts and Sciences Summer High School ProgramsPhiladelphia, PAWe welcome bright and ambitious high school students from around the world to the Ivy League (常春藤联盟). The program delivers the challenge of an Ivy League course to talented high school students seeking advanced studies. Students can engage with leading professors during the six-week programs.1.What’s the extra benefit of the California College of the Arts’ Pre-College Program?A.Free courses.B.Passion for art.C.College credits.D.Journeys of inventions.2.What do Juniper Young Writers and World Virtual Writing Camps have in common?A.They are about writing.B.They require teamwork.C.They provide a chance to publish works.D.They provide outdoor adventure experiences.3.What can students do in the program in Philadelphia?A.Experience colorful campus life.B.Meet famous artists and scientists.C.Do an international writing tour.D.Take advanced-level courses.National Geographic Explorer Paul Salopek is walking from Africa to the tip of South America. He is following the path our human ancestors took out of Africa about 200,000 years ago.Salopek has named his journey the Out of Eden Walk. As he walks through different countries, landscapes, and cultures, Salopek is documenting what he sees and hears. And he isn't walking alone. During each part of his walk, Paul is joined by a local guide. Along the way, he meets people from small villages, cities, and country farms. Sometimes, they give him a place to stay for a night or two. Often, his hosts share a little bit about their lives with him.The Out of Eden Walk is well-named. Besides a few rides on boats or ships, Salopek is walking the entire way. No cars. He doesn’t even ride bikes, though he does use pack animals. An important part of Salopek’s mission is to tell the stories of ordinary people. Walking gives him more time to look around and to talk to the people he encounters. He has spoken to thousands of people since his walk began. As he puts it, “I am in a seven, eight, nine-year-long conversation with total strangers.”Following a story is not new for Paul Salopek. He is a journalist. He has written for The Atlantic, the Chicago Tribune, National Geographic, and other publications. His works haveearned many awards, including two Pulitzer Prizes.As a journalist, Salopek would often fly into an area to cover a story and then quickly leave again. But he felt he was missing part of the story and wanted to dig deeper. The Out of Eden Walk was born from this desire. Salopek calls it slow journalism. The goal is to deeply explore some of the major news stories of our times by talking to ordinary people who are affected. As Salopek describes it, “It is about slowing down enough to actually inhabit the stories of the day and to get to know the people who are behind the headlines.”4.What is the Out of Eden Walk?A.It is the latest penned work of Paul Salopek.B.It is a ship journey from Africa to the tip of South America.C.It is a toured long walk across the continents taken by Paul Salopek.D.It is a new fashionable way of travelling through different countries.5.What does Salopek think of the conversation with strangers?A.Fruitful.B.Discouraging.C.Challenging.D.Time-wasted.6.Why did Paul Salopek start the Out of Eden Walk?A.To finish his work for the Pulitzer Prizes.B.To explore the best headlines for the journalism.C.To unearth the deeper part of the major news stories.D.To interest the readers in the ancient ordinary people.7.What do we know about slow journalism?A.Realistic and worthwhile.B.Influential but informal.C.Humorous and relaxing.D.Efficient and meaningful.“Mek thisen at ‘ome, lass,” Dimbleby said in the Yorkshire dialect to the group of nearly two-dozen mostly grey-haired students, when the newspaper reporter arrived at his class. This class is part of an increasingly popular movement to revive the local dialect, once spoken by millions but now has almost died out.“We’ve got to get more young people involved,” says Dimbleby. The feedback so far has been positive, but the class is mostly made up of retirees. He is hoping to run another course onSaturday mornings, when younger people are available. “Most people’s experience of dialect is what they heard from their grandparents. They’ve never read it or written it, so it’s been a new experience for them.”There are some challenges in making it accessible though. As a spoken dialect with many variations (变体), the written aspect is various. How to correctly spell is a problem, because different people may pronounce it in different ways. For example, “nothing” in Yorkshire is “nowt”, but some people would read “out”, while in most of Yorkshire it has more of an “ohwt” sound that is hard to get across without resorting to the rules of pronunciation.“I’ve always been fascinated by the Yorkshire dialect,” says Joanna Kaye, a retired host. “When we were children, we learned all Queen’s English. My mother, although she taught me to speak properly, she could speak in the dialect.”Jean Crampton, here for the first time, has a notebook to write down words used by her parents, who died more than 10 years ago. “When I dressed up for the first time to go to grammar school, my dad said ‘dun’t she look grand’,” she said. “And that’s why I’ve come, to be reminded of them. After they died, that immediacy fades, and language is one of the things that can help bring it back into your mind, which is brilliant.”8.What is Dimbleby’s suggestion for the dialect class?A.More activities to revive the dialect.B.More courses provided for retirees.C.Greater participation of young people.D.Greater enthusiasm in elderly learners. 9.What does the underlined phrase ”resorting to“in paragraph 3 mean?A.Turning to B.Writing down.C.Summing up.D.Speaking of. 10.What makes Joanna Kaye interested in the Yorkshire dialect?A.The Queen’s charm.B.His mother’s influence.C.His childhood dream.D.The requirement for a host.11.Why did Jean Crampton go to the dialect class?A.To pass on the Yorkshire dialect.B.To share her father’s experiences.C.To restore memories from her parents.D.To learn the Yorkshire dialect grammar.Researchers have discovered that limiting a certain enzyme (酶) can have a dramatic impact in protecting against the effects of Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默症). The finding could lead toa new class of drugs that fight the disease.Much of the historical research into Alzheimer’s disease(AD) has focused on plaques (斑块) that form in the brain, which recently, though, have been found not likely to be the direct cause of it. In seeking another way forward, a group of British researchers turned to an Australian study which showed having the gene for the production of an enzyme known as PDE4B was identified as a risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s.With the intention of investigating how PDE4B might affect the brain, the UK team genetically modified (改造) mice with Alzheimer’s to reduce PDE4B activity. The results are astonishing.First, the mice with Alzheimer’s and normal PDE4B expression showed memory loss in the sense of direction, a distinctive characteristic of AD.But those who had the genetic modification to have less PDE4B activity showed no damage at all. The team also observed that inflammation (炎症), another hallmark of AD, decreased to some extent in the brains of mice with less PDE4B activity, compared to those with more of the enzyme.Because all of these effects were found in the mice that already had Alzheimer’s but had significant improvement in symptoms, the researchers say that further investigation into how to limit PDE4B in human patients with the condition could lead to new treatment pathways.“These results offer real hope for the development of new treatments that will benefit patients with Alzheimer’s disease in the future,” said Neil Dawson, a co- author of the study. “The next stage is to test whetherPDE4B-limiting drugs have similar beneficial effects in the AD mouse model, to test their potential effectiveness in human Alzheimer’s disease.”12.How did the British researchers get the inspiration?A.By figuring out the direct cause of AD.B.By going over much historical research.C.By referring to a previous Australian study.D.By breaking down PDE4B in the AD mouse.13.What can be learnt about PDE4B?A.Its activity promotes the sense of direction.B.It might bring about the development of AD.C.It is processed by a certain enzyme in the brain.D.It will be investigated to reduce mice brain activity.14.What does the underlined word “hallmark” in Paragraph 4 mean?A.Cause.B.Feature.C.Principle.D.Finding. 15.What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about?A.The future research focus.B.The existing research background.C.The probable research limitation.D.The practical research application.Traffic Regulation and Accident PreventionWe live in a remarkable time, and many of the once fatal diseases can now be cured with modern medicine and surgery. 16 Expectations of life have greatly increased. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible killing of men, women and children on the roads. Man fights against the motor-car. It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. 17Nothing can seriously increase your risk of potentially fatal car accidents other than speeding and failing to pay due attention to weather conditions. 18 There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. Usually quiet and pleasant people, when they are behind the steering wheel, will become unrecognizable. They are impolite, aggressive, self-willed like two-year-old, completely selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments, and jealousy seem to be caused by driving.19 It’s all for his own convenience. Due to a serious tragedy, the city is almost uninhabitable and the huge parking lot makes the town ugly. The destruction of rural areas and the annual mass killings are just a statistic, easily forgotten. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are not strict and even the strictest are not strict enough.Traffic rules are for everyone to follow under any circumstances, and no one can make an exception unless you make a joke of your own life. Universally accepted standards can only have a significant beneficial on the incidence of accidents. Governments should develop safety codes for manufacturers. 20 These measures may sound cruel. However, if these measures result in a reduction in the loss of life every year, they should certainly not be considered serious. After all, the world belongs to humans, not cars.A.There are five reasons for the accident and you are guilty.B.Every year thousands of people are horribly killed, and we sit still and let it happen.C.Surprisingly, society should smile at the driver and forgive him.D.Someone has rightly said that when a person is sitting behind the steering wheel, his car becomes an extension of his personality.E.All advertisements that emphasize power and performance should be banned.F.It is time to develop a universal norm to reduce this senseless waste of human life.G.It is almost certain that one day a cure will be found for the rest of the diseases.二、完形填空Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success 21 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives.When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no 22 of knowing that his life was to change 23 . The class experiment that day was to 24 how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface. 25 , the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat 26 held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it, the container 27 , leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents tried to find a way to deal with the catastrophe (灾难) that had 28 their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident as catastrophic. He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became a (n) 29 public speaker.Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from 30 for lack of proper treatment. For him, it was one thing to 31 his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 32 it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wilson made to preventing the 33 .Wilson received several international 34 for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a vision. He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 35 our lives — it’s what we make of what happens.21.A.keeps B.holds C.depends D.reflects 22.A.way B.hope C.plan D.measure 23.A.continually B.completely C.gracefully D.gradually 24.A.direct B.advise C.show D.declare 25.A.Somehow B.Moreover C.Anyway D.Thus 26.A.mistakenly B.casually C.amazingly D.clumsily 27.A.erupted B.exposed C.emptied D.exploded 28.A.submitted to B.agreed with C.impressed on D.happened to 29.A.important B.successful C.specific D.necessary 30.A.deafness B.blindness C.depression D.speechlessness 31.A.decide B.abandon C.accept D.control 32.A.until B.before C.unless D.when 33.A.preventable B.professional C.spreadable D.influential 34.A.scholarships B.rewards C.awards D.bonuses 35.A.distinguishes B.determines C.claims D.limits三、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

山东省泰安市新泰市新泰中学2020_2021学年高二数学上学期期中试题含解析

山东省泰安市新泰市新泰中学2020_2021学年高二数学上学期期中试题含解析
四、解答题:解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.
17.已知圆 和
(1)求证:圆 和圆 相交;
(2)求圆 和圆 的公共弦所在直线的方程和公共弦长.
【答案】(1)见解析;(2)
【解析】
【分析】
(1)本题可先通过圆 和圆 的方程得出它们的圆心和半径长,再通过用圆心距和两圆的半径之和以及两圆的半径之差作对比,即可得出结果;
再根据两平行直线的距离公式即可求出.
【详解】(1)因为直线 的方程为 ,所以直线 的斜率为 .
因为 ,所以直线 的斜率为 .
因为直线 过点 ,所以直线 的方程为 ,即 .
(2)因为直线 与直线 之间的距离为 ,所以可设直线 的方程为 ,
所以 ,解得 或 .
故直线 的方程为 或 .
【点睛】本题主要考查直线方程的求法,涉及两直线垂直,平行关系的应用,以及平行直线的距离公式的应用,意在考查学生的数学运算能力,属于基础题.
A.y=x+1B.y=2C. D.y=2x+1
【答案】BC
【解析】
【分析】
根据切割型直线的定义,由点M(5,0)到直线距离不大于4求解.
【详解】A.点M(5,0)到直线y=x+1的距离为: ,故错误;
B.点M(5,0)到直线y=2的距离为: ,故正确;
C.点M(5,0)到直线 的距离为: ,故正确;
A. B.
C. D.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
根据题意可得已知圆与圆 相交,由圆心距和两圆半径之间的关系,列式即可得解.
【详解】由题意可得:已知圆与圆 相交,
∴ ,
∴ ,
解得 且 ,
故选:B.
7.已知椭圆 的左焦点 ,过点 作倾斜角为 的直线与圆 相交的弦长为 ,则椭圆的离心率为()
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新泰中学2019级高二上学期期中考试语文试题一、现代文阅读 (35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。

材料一:以现代眼光,重新注意到中国建筑的一般人,虽尊崇中国建筑特殊外形的美丽,却常忽视其结构上之价值。

这忽视的原因,常常由于笼统地对中国建筑存一种不满的成见。

这不满的成见中最重要的成份,是觉到中国木造建筑之不能永久。

其所以不能永久的主因,究为材料本身或是其构造法的简陋,却未尝深加探讨。

中国建筑在平面上是离散的,若干座独立的建筑物分配在院宇各方。

若是以一座单独的结构与欧洲任何一座负盛名的石造建筑物比较起来,显然小而简单,似有逊色。

但是若以今日西洋建筑学和美学的眼光来观察中国建筑本身之所以如是和其结构历来所本的原则及其所取的途径,则这系统建筑的内容,的确是最经得起严酷的分析而无所惭愧的。

我们知道一座完善的建筑,必须具有三个要素:适用,坚固,美观。

任何建筑皆不能脱离产生它的时代和环境来讲的;其实建筑本身常常是时代环境的写照。

建筑里一定不可避免地会反映着各时代的智识、技能、思想、制度、习惯和各地方的地理气候。

所以所谓适用者,只是适合于当时当地人民生活习惯气候环境而讲。

所谓坚固,更不能脱离材料本质而论。

建筑艺术是产生在极酷苛的物理限制之下的,所谓建筑的坚固,只是不违背其所用材料之合理的结构原则,运用通常智识技巧,使其在普通环境之下——兵火例外——能有相当永久的寿命的。

例如石料本身比木料坚固,然在中国用木的方法竟达极高度的圆满,而用石的方法甚不妥当,且建筑上各种问题常不能独用石料解决,即有用石料处亦常发生弊病,反比木质的部分容易损毁。

至于论建筑上的美,当然是其轮廓、色彩、材质等,但美的大部分精神所在,却蕴于其权衡中,如长与短之比,平面上各大小部分之分配,立体上各体积各部分之轻重均等。

所谓增一分则太长,减一分则太短。

但建筑既是主要解决生活上各种实际问题而用材料所结构出来的物体,那么无论美的精神多缥缈难以捉摸,建筑上的美是不能脱离合理的、有机能的、有作用的结构等而独立的。

能呈现平稳、舒适、自然的外象;能诚实地袒露内部有机的结构、各部的功用及全部的组织……这些便是“建筑美”所包含的各条件。

因为中国现代生活种种与旧日积渐不同,所以旧制建筑的各种分配,随着便渐不适用。

尤其是因政治制度和社会组织忽然改革,迥然与先前不同,一方面许多建筑物完全失掉原来功用,——如宫殿、庙宇、官衙、城楼等等;——另一方面又需要因新组织而产生许多公共建筑——如学校、医院、工厂、图书馆、商场等等;——在适用一条下,现在既完全地换了新问题,旧的答案之不能适应,自是理之当然。

中国建筑坚固问题,在木料本质的限制之下,实是成功的。

其在技艺上,有过极艰巨的努力,而得到许多圆满且可骄傲的成绩。

如“梁架” “斗拱” “翼角翘起”等种种结构做法及用材。

直至最近代科学猛进,坚固标准骤然提高之后,木造建筑之不永久性,才令人感到不满意。

但是近代新发明的科学材料,如钢架及钢骨水泥,作木石的更经济更永久的替代;其所应用的结构原则,却正与我们历来木造结构所本的原则符合。

所以即使木料本身有遗憾,因木料所产生的中国结构制度的价值则仍然存在,且这制度的设施,将继续应用在新材料上,效劳于我国将来的新建筑。

古埃及的陵殿、希腊的神庙、文艺复兴中的宫苑皆是建筑中的至宝,虽然其原始作用已全失去。

虽然建筑的美术价值不会因原始作用失去而低减,但是这建筑的“美”却不能脱离适当的、有机的、有作用的结构而独立。

中国建筑的美就是合于这原则,其轮廓的和谐、权衡的俊秀伟丽,大部分是有机、有用的结构所直接产生的结果。

并非因其有色彩或因其形式特殊,我们推崇中国建筑;而是因产生这特殊式样的内部是智慧的组织、诚实的努力。

(摘编自林徽因《<清式营造则例>绪论》)材料二:我国建筑中之斗拱系统,本身是一种装饰,是一种宫廷建筑所特有的东西。

从结构的本原看,它本不真正是建筑结构中有机的一部分。

换言之,即使没有斗拱,我国木系统仍可以存在,出檐的深度亦可存在。

唐宋以来,斗拱在中国架构中所扮演的角色是一种有机的装饰。

独乐寺观音阁的上层结构是最“有机”的,我们仍然看不出“重昂”所代表的意义,及若干水平走向的斗拱的价值。

至于广济寺的三大士殿,虽然部材仍然很大,但其斗拱在结构上的作用以其梁材的高度来比较,仍然是有限的。

故从某种观念看,斗拱在中国建筑史上的演变,从未到达真正“成熟”的时期。

系统化发生在唐代,格式化发生在宋代,结构与造型均恰到好处的时代从不曾有过。

若我们从形式上看,则可看出一个演变的方向,可能是尚算合理的。

因为它始于装饰,终于装饰,明清只是发挥它装饰的作用而已。

(摘编自汉宝德《明清建筑二论》)1. 下列对材料相关内容的理解和分析,不正确的一项是( )A. 中国木造建筑使用的材料及简陋的构造法致其不永久是人们对它不满的主要原因。

B. 建筑是反映时代的,我们探究建筑的适用性,不能脱离建筑建造时的时代与环境。

C. 只有运用智慧,遵循材料结构原则去建造,才可能让建筑坚固而长久地留存下去。

D. 汉宝德指出斗拱的结构与造型不曾同时得到很好地发展,认为它并未真正成熟过。

2. 下列对材料中论据与论点的分析正确的一项是( )A. 材料一通过建筑的石料与木料对比,来强调石料不如木料耐用,它比木料更容易损毁。

B. 材料一列述多种权衡关系,意在更好地突出美的精神主要蕴于权衡之中这一文章主旨。

C. 材料一以古埃及的陵殿等为例,是为了佐证建筑美不会因建筑实用价值的失去而消减。

D. 材料二主要以唐宋建筑为据来佐证自己的观点,但最终是为了阐述明清建筑有关话题。

3. 下列四个句子是对材料一第四段省略号所省略内容的补充,其中补充错误的一句是( )A. “能自然地发挥建筑所使用材料的本质特性”B. “只雕饰于必需的结构部分,以求更美的轮廓与色彩”C. “努力结构出更多的装饰物来增加建筑的华丽”D. “不滥用曲线或色彩等来寻求建筑之美的提升”4. 汉宝德与林徽因对于中国木造建筑中“斗拱”的态度是否一致?请结合原文具体说明。

5. 请简要梳理材料一除开篇与结尾外主体部分的行文脉络,并分析文章在行文应紧扣全文中心这一方面有无问题。

【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C4. 态度是相反的。

汉宝德认为斗拱只是在木造建筑中起装饰作用;而林徽因认为斗拱是建筑结构的有机组成,对建筑的坚固起到了重要作用。

5. 第一问:文章主体部分先从适用、坚固、美三个角度较深入地阐述了建筑特点。

接着据此从这三个角度对中国建筑作了较深入的阐述。

第二问:文章以“结构(价值)”为阐述的中心,但在阐述建筑的适用性时,未扣“结构”,论证略显旁逸。

【解析】【1题详解】此题考查考生筛选信息和辨析信息的能力。

A 项,“中国木造建筑使用的材料及简陋的构造法致其不永久是人们对它不满的主要原因”理解有误。

此选项的错因有:①原文是说“其所以不能永久的主因,究为材料本身或是其构造法的简陋”,“究”字,可以看出认为中国木结构建筑不永久的主因是木质材料或简陋构造法,这是不满的人们的观点,而非作者观点;②原文后面有句“却未尝深加探讨”,可看出作者对前文人们的观点并不认同,而选项直接表述为“中国木造建筑使用的材料及简陋的构造法致其不永久是……主要原因”,而未说“人们认为中国木造建筑使用的材料及简陋的构造法致其不永久是……主要原因”,就是把两个原因直接陈述为客观现实或者说作者的观点;③简陋的构造法,联系文末的“智慧的组织”可以看出并非作者观点。

故选A。

【2题详解】此题考核分析论点、论据和论证方法的能力。

A项,“来强调石料不如木料耐用,它比木料更容易损毁”理解有误。

从“例如”可看出,用石料和木料对比是为了佐证只要不违背用材料之合理的结构原则就有可能让建筑有相当永久的寿命。

B项,“意在更好地突出美的精神主要蕴于权衡之中这一段落主旨”理解有误。

从第四段第三句的“但”可看出本段主旨是建筑上的美是不能脱离合理的结构等而独立的。

C项,“是为了佐证建筑美不会因建筑实用价值的失去而消减”理解有误。

关联全段可以看出,举古埃及的阶陵殿为例主要是为了引出和强调后文所述建筑的“美”却不能脱离结构而独立的。

D项,“最终是为了阐述明清建筑有关话题”,可结合材料二末句“明清只是发挥它装饰的作用而已”及全文标题“明清建筑二论”,可以推断出。

故选D。

【3题详解】此题考查考生对文章内容的理解和分析能力。

C项,根据原文语句间关系可看出省略号所在句是对前文“建筑上的美是不能……结构等而独立的”的解读,而C项所述“结构出更多的装饰物……”与此相矛盾。

另,C项所述也与前文所列条件“能呈现平稳、舒适、自然的外象”相违。

故选C。

【4题详解】此题考核归纳内容要点的能力,侧重考核文中的观点。

题干要求比较“汉宝德与林徽因对于中国木造建筑中‘斗拱’的态度是否一致”,汉宝德对于“中国木造建筑中‘斗拱’的态度”可参考材料二第一段文句“我国建筑中之斗拱系统,本身是一种装饰,是一种宫廷建筑所特有的东西。

从结构的本原看,它本不真正是建筑结构中有机的一部分。

换言之,即使没有斗拱,我国木系统仍可以存在,出檐的深度亦可存在”分析可知,汉宝德认为:“在中国建筑中,斗拱只是在木造建筑中起装饰作用,它本不真正是建筑结构中有机的一部分”。

林徽因对于“中国木造建筑中‘斗拱’的态度”可参考材料一“中国建筑坚固问题,在木料本质的限制之下,实是成功的。

其在技艺上,有过极艰巨的努力,而得到许多圆满且可骄傲的成绩。

如‘梁架’‘斗拱’‘翼角翘起’等种种结构做法及用材”“其所应用的结构原则,却正与我们历来木造结构所本的原则符合。

所以即使木料本身有遗憾,因木料所产生的中国结构制度的价值则仍然存在,且这制度的设施,将继续应用在新材料上,效劳于我国将来的新建筑”分析可知,林徽因通过建筑的石料与木料对比,来强调石料不如木料耐用,从而得出“斗拱是建筑结构的有机组成,对建筑的坚固起到了重要作用”的结论。

故可总结,汉宝德和林徽因对于中国木造建筑中‘斗拱’的态度是相反的,不一致的。

【5题详解】此题考查考生探究文章行文思路的能力。

第二问:题干要求“请简要梳理材料一除开篇与结尾外主体部分的行文脉络,并分析文章在行文应紧扣全文中心这一方面有无问题”,阅读文本可知,材料一共有八个文段,开头属于文本的引子,引出话题,第二段开篇提出“我们知道一座完善的建筑,必须具有三个要素:适用,坚固,美观”是中国建筑的特点的观点,在第二段结尾简要阐释了“适用性”的特点;文章三四段中,林徽因运用比较、对比的论证方法,具体且深入阐释了这三个特点在中国建筑中的体现,文章五六段运用因果论证的论证犯方法,作者运用古埃及的陵殿等为例,是为了佐证建筑美不会因建筑实用价值的失去而消减。

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