2019上海市生命科学等级考 宝山区一模卷
2019年上海市宝山区高三一模语文考试试卷（附答案、答题纸）
2019年上海市宝山区高三年级教学质量监测试卷语文学科考生注意：1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2.答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写校名、姓名、准考证号。
3.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
4.考试时间150分钟。
试卷满分150分。
积累应用10分1按要求填空（5分）（1），不破楼兰终不还。
（王昌龄《从军行》）（1分）（2）位卑则足羞，。
（《师说》）（2分）（3）柳永《八声甘州》中“，”两句描写花叶凋零，感叹自然美景随着时光流逝而消歇。
（2分）2按要求选择（5分）（1）下列选项中，名句使用最恰当的一项是（）。
（2分）A.小李与小黄常常共同学习，相互探讨，可谓是“如切如磋，如琢如磨”。
B.小李同伴都很贪玩，而他勤奋读书，老师赞他“蓬生麻中，不扶而直”。
C.小黄因考试失利而懊丧不已，朋友们安慰他说“靡不有初，鲜克有终”。
D.小黄自己家境贫寒，却还想资助小李，小李说“己所不欲，勿施于人”。
（2）将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处，语意连贯的一项是（）（3分）一点既适用于音乐、医学、雕塑，也适用于爱情。
①只有通过长期的实践活动，一直到理论知识和实践经验融会贯通起来变成灵感——也就是掌握了艺术的灵魂，才能成为一名大师。
②学医的人首先要认识人体的结构和各种疾病的症兆。
③但光有理论还无法行医。
④要成为大师，除了学习理论和实践外还有第三个必不可少的因素，即要把成为大师看得高于一切，这一目标必须占据他整个身心。
A.③②④①B.②③④①C.③②①④D.②③①④二阅读70分（一）阅读下文，完成第3--7题。
（16分）“标准化”生活是否就完美①新型智能科技的推广和普及，使得现实生活与社交网络史无前例地紧密结合在一起。
任何原本日常生活中最平凡的小事都成为值得与朋友们分享或供他们评头论足的新鲜事。
2019届上海市宝山区中考一模数学试卷【含答案及解析】
2019届上海市宝山区中考一模数学试卷【含答案及解析】姓名___________ 班级____________ 分数__________一、选择题1. 已知∠A=30°，下列判断正确的是（）A．sinA= B．cosA= C．tanA= D．cotA=2. 如果C是线段AB的黄金分割点C，并且AC＞CB，AB=1，那么AC的长度为（）A． B． C． D．3. 二次函数y=x2+2x+3的定义域为（）A．x＞0 B．x为一切实数 C．y＞2 D．y为一切实数4. 已知非零向量、之间满足=﹣3，下列判断正确的是（）A．的模为3B．与的模之比为﹣3：1C．与平行且方向相同D．与平行且方向相反5. 如果从甲船看乙船，乙船在甲船的北偏东30°方向，那么从乙船看甲船，甲船在乙船的（）A．南偏西30°方向 B．南偏西60°方向C．南偏东30°方向 D．南偏东60°方向6. 二次函数y=a（x+m）2+n的图象如图，则一次函数y=mx+n的图象经过（）A．第一、二、三象限 B．第一、二、四象限C．第二、三、四象限 D．第一、三、四象限二、填空题7. 已知2a=3b，则= ．8. 如果两个相似三角形的相似比为1：4，那么它们的面积比为．9. 如图，D为△ABC的边AB上一点，如果∠ACD=∠ABC时，那么图中是AD和AB的比例中项．10. 如图，△ABC中，∠C＝90°，若CD⊥AB于点D，且BD＝4，AD＝9，则tanA＝_________.11. 计算：2（+3）﹣5= ．12. 如图，G为△ABC的重心，如果AB=AC=13，BC=10，那么AG的长为．13. 二次函数y=5（x﹣4）2+3向左平移二个单位长度，再向下平移一个单位长度，得到的函数解析式是．14. 如果点A（1，2）和点B（3，2）都在抛物线y=ax2+bx+c的图象上，那么抛物线y=ax2+bx+c的对称轴是直线．15. 已知A（2，y1）、B（3，y2）是抛物线y=﹣（x﹣1）2+的图象上两点，则y1 y2．（填不等号）16. 如果在一个斜坡上每向上前进13米，水平高度就升高了5米，则该斜坡的坡度i= ．17. 数学小组在活动中继承了学兄学姐们的研究成果，将能够确定形如y=ax2+bx+c的抛物线的形状、大小、开口方向、位置等特征的系数a、b、c称为该抛物线的特征数，记作：特征数{a、b、c}，（请你求）在研究活动中被记作特征数为{1、﹣4、3}的抛物线的顶点坐标为．18. 如图，D为直角△ABC的斜边AB上一点，DE⊥AB交AC于E，如果△AED沿DE翻折，A 恰好与B重合，联结CD交BE于F，如果AC=8，tanA=，那么CF：DF═ ．三、计算题19. 计算：﹣cos30°+（1-sin45°）0．四、解答题20. 如图，在△ABC中，点D、E分别在边AB、AC上，如果DE∥BC，且DE=BC．（1）如果AC=6，求CE的长；（2）设，，求向量(用向量、表示）．五、判断题21. 如图，AB、CD分别表示两幢相距36米的大楼，高兴同学站在CD大楼的P处窗口观察AB大楼的底部B点的俯角为45°，观察AB大楼的顶部A点的仰角为30°，求大楼AB的高．六、解答题22. 直线l：y=﹣x+6交y轴于点A，与x轴交于点B，过A、B两点的抛物线m与x轴的另一个交点为C，（C在B的左边），如果BC=5，求抛物线m的解析式，并根据函数图象指出当m的函数值大于0的函数值时x的取值范围．23. 如图，点E是正方形ABCD的对角线AC上的一个动点（不与A、C重合），作EF⊥AC 交边BC于点F，联结AF、BE交于点G．（1）求证：△CAF∽△CBE；（2）若AE：EC=2：1，求tan∠BEF的值．24. 如图，二次函数y=ax2﹣x+2（a≠0）的图象与x轴交于A、B两点，与y轴交于点C，已知点A（﹣4，0）．（1）求抛物线与直线AC的函数解析式；（2）若点D（m，n）是抛物线在第二象限的部分上的一动点，四边形OCDA的面积为S，求S关于m的函数关系；（3）若点E为抛物线上任意一点，点F为x轴上任意一点，当以A、C、E、F为顶点的四边形是平行四边形时，请直接写出满足条件的所有点E的坐标．25. 如图（1）所示，E为矩形ABCD的边AD上一点，动点P、Q同时从点B出发，点P以1cm/秒的速度沿折线BE﹣ED﹣DC运动到点C时停止，点Q以2cm/秒的速度沿BC运动到点C时停止．设P、Q同时出发t秒时，△BPQ的面积为ycm2．已知y与t的函数关系图象如图（2）（其中曲线OG为抛物线的一部分，其余各部分均为线段）．（1）试根据图（2）求0＜t≤5时，△BPQ的面积y关于t的函数解析式；（2）求出线段BC、BE、ED的长度；（3）当t为多少秒时，以B、P、Q为顶点的三角形和△ABE相似；（4）如图（3）过E作EF⊥BC于F，△BEF绕点B按顺时针方向旋转一定角度，如果△BEF中E、F的对应点H、I恰好和射线BE、CD的交点G在一条直线，求此时C、I两点之间的距离．参考答案及解析第1题【答案】第2题【答案】第3题【答案】第4题【答案】第5题【答案】第6题【答案】第7题【答案】第8题【答案】第9题【答案】第10题【答案】第11题【答案】第12题【答案】第13题【答案】第14题【答案】第15题【答案】第16题【答案】第17题【答案】第18题【答案】第19题【答案】第20题【答案】第21题【答案】第22题【答案】第23题【答案】第24题【答案】第25题【答案】。
2019高二宝山区生命科学一模试卷_Password_Removed
宝山区 2018 学年第一学期期末高中生命科学学科等级考质量监测试卷考生注意：生123...试试答需卷卷题将满包前答分含，案务两1全0必部0部用分分写钢，，在笔考第答、试一題圆时部纸珠间分上笔为6，0或选不分签择要钟字题超。
笔，过在第答答二题题部框纸分，上为否填综则写合不姓题得名。
分、。
班级、学校和准考证号。
考共 一、选择题( 40 分，每小题 2 分。
每小题只有一个正确答案)1．下列能正确表示脱氧核苷酸结构的是碱基PP碱基 碱基 PP 碱基A.B.C.D.2．在A．电细子胞显核微镜下，颤藻和B．水内绵质细网胞中都能被观C察．到叶的绿结体构是 D．核糖体3．D图CBA．．．．1基基DD表NN因因示AA、、、、染D蛋基蛋色N白因白体A质、、质中、蛋蛋、蛋D白白基白N质质因质A 、DNA、基因的关系。
甲、乙、丙依次是染色体 甲乙图1丙4．A艾C．．滋主病病要毒病寄内毒生可属在进于人行R体NRANTA病淋自毒巴我，细复有胞制关艾滋病病毒的DB．．说主可法要用正由来确抑的DN制是A绿、脓R杆NA菌和治蛋愈白烧质伤组病成人种5．免A人疫．体方非口式特腔属异中于性生免活疫着一定数B．量人的工链免球疫菌，其分泌C的．过二氧次化免氢疫对一些病原D菌．有特抑异制性作免用疫，这浓6．度将与盛时有间一的定关浓系度，蔗正糖确溶的液是的透析袋口所紧后浸于蒸馏水中，下图表示透析袋中蔗糖溶液蔗糖溶液浓度时A 间蔗糖溶液浓度时B 间蔗糖溶液浓度C时间蔗糖溶液浓度时D 间7．A香.蕉出是芽人生们殖喜爱的水果之B．一营，养果繁农殖通过地下球C茎．中分的裂不生定殖芽培育成苗D，．这有种性生生殖殖方式是浓8．度图ABCD下．．．．2，抑促促促显根制进进进示和作作作作月茎用用用用季作加减加相的出强弱强同根的，，，，和反促促促促茎应进进进进对分作作作作不别用用用用同是减加加相浓弱强强同度生长素的反应。
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【19一模】2019年上海市宝山区高三一模英语试卷
2019上海宝山高三英语一模试卷（word版）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Ten-year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with her family in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are soldiers on the streets, and the country (21) ______ (accept)by the Nazis. There isn't enough to eat, and the world is at war. Then the Nazis decide to "relocate" the country's Jewish population. The Danes don't know (22) ______ their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don't know where they are going, either. But they do know that it is wrong and dangerous and that they must help.Number the Stars is a very powerful novel. During World War II, the Nazis (23)______ (kill) millions of people in Europe. Many of those people were Jewish. But in Denmark, almost all of the Jewish population was saved. Number the Starsis a work of fiction, but it tells the true story of the Jewish(24) ______ (rescue)during the war. The moving plot is driven by justice, danger and excitement. But the book also deals with significant ideas that are much (25) ______ (big)than the story itself.Anemarie must learn that evil doesn't just appear in fairy tales. It's a real thing that affects real people. She must also struggle with questions of loyalty and sacrifice. Who would she die to protect? And is she brave enough(26)______ (make) that sacrifice? Most importantly, Annemarie learns that(27) ______(be) brave doesn't mean being fearless. It means doing the right thing despite the fact (28) ______ you are afraid, That's heavy stuff for a children's novel.I have taught Number the Stars to many classes at many different levels. It has always been a popular choice. It uses simple language and sentences. It is easy to read and provides clear examples of literary techniques likeforeshadowing(预示). But it is also interesting,and the characters are (29)______ (engage). The plot is full of tension.Lois Lowry. The author, has written award-winning novels for young people. Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent (30) ______ has made her so celebrated.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. commonB. votingC. effortsD. electedE. endF. protestingG. sayH. exercisedI. arguedJ. equalK. rightsIn most democracies today, people expect women to vote. Women are just as able to make decisions about their ___31___ leaders as men. But 200 years ago, most people didn't think so.As late as the middle of the 19 century only men voted in most Western countries. A few countries or states let women vote in local elections. But women voting was far from ____32____. At that time, people believed that women belonged in the home. That meant they should not get involved with public life.But women in Europe, North America and New Zealand began ___33___ this situation. They believed that they should have a(n) ____34___ in their government's leaders. In 1792 an English novelist named Mary Wollstonecraft ___35____that women should be able to vote, In the United States, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were important figures. They met while campaigning to put a(n) ___36___ to slavery. In the process, they decided that women also should have more ___37___.Yet despite the ___38___ of these women neither Great Britain nor the United States was the first country to let women vote. That honor goes to NewZealand, which changed their law on September 19, 1893. This was because of women like Kate Shepherd. She led a group that presentedpetitions(请愿书) to their parliament three years in a row. Shepherd is nowhonored on New Zealand's s10 bill.New Zealand was followed by Australia in 1902 and Finland in 19 zero six. By this time, some U.S. states and territories allowed women to vote. But the country as a whole didn't give women the right until after World War I.In many countries, the right to hold political office came along with the right to vote. And women have ___39___ that right. In many countries, women have even held their country's highest office. All of that is due to the efforts of women who fought for a(n) ___40___ voiceIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The search for new, clean energy sources have occupied the attention of scientists and politicians for years. One common ___41___ for green energy is the wind. A new twist on this old resource could cause energy output of wind-power plants to increase greatly.Standard wind power plants rely on strong support and ___42___ can only reach the height of 200 meters or so. Higher than that, winds tend to be stronger and steadier, but the challenge is ___43___ how to obtain the energy from those winds.Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences in Germany have formed a kite-power research group. The group is working to develop kites with inflatable (可充气的) wings ___44___ to electrical generator (发电机) on the ground.The research group's goal is to design a kite that can operate on its own for 24 hours. Research has begun, but many challenges remain, including making the generator more ___45___ and perfecting the automatic flight control and structure of the kites. Nevertheless, in June 2012, they demonstrated that their kites could operate ___46___ at an altitude of up to 700 meters.Meanwhile, in Italy, researchers are working on a(n) ___47___ power generator that relies on kites when the generator called KiteGen, senses wind blowing, kites are ___48___ from the end of poles with high-resistance cables to control their height and angle. These cables are able to move the kites if the system senses coming object ___49___ planes, helicopters or even individual birds. The kites themselves are light, tough and able to reach fairly high altitude. The loop (绕行) around in the wind, which sets thecenter of the generator in emotion ___50___ electric current.KiteGen has the ___51___ to be very cost-effective in the long run. After the original cost of designing and setting up the plant, little ___52___ investment will be necessary, apart from standard maintenance. The plant also requires ___53___ little space, which makes it ideal for cities and means that multiple plants can be set up to provide even more ___54___.Kite power has the potential to greatly ___55___ on current wind power strategies. In the future, it may be an efficient cost efficient supplement to the other sources of energy use or even a replacement for some of them41. A resolution B. proposal C. resource D. substitute42. A. generally B. frequently C. continually D. regularly43. A. carrying out B. figuring out C. breaking out D. picking out44. A. chosen B. applied C. collected D. connected45. A. efficient B. complete C. powerful D. positive46. A. actively B. passively C. automatically D. artificially47. A. strange B. similar C. different D. original48. A. fastened B. revealed C. tailored D. released49. A. except for B. instead of C. such as D. due to50. A. producing B. inventing C. promoting D. developing51. A. qualification B. potential C. trend D. intention52. A. normal B. formal C. additional D. alternate53. A. concretely B.abstractly C thoroughly D. relatively54. A. energy B. strength C. technology D. opportunity55. A. focus B. extend C. improve D. transfer Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Many people experience problems with their spine(脊椎) as they age. The tissue that protects the joints in the spine gradually breaks down. As a consequence, the bones, in the spine begin to rub against each other. This further harms that issue as well as the bones. The result is pain in the joints and, sometimes, in nerves near the spineThis painful problem is actually a disease called osteoporosis. Some people are more at risk of osteoporosis because of genes that they inherited from their ancestors. Extremely heavy people are also more likely to suffer from this disease because their extra weight puts much pressure on their joints. Fortunately, there are steps that people can take to help prevent osteoporosis from developing in their spine.The most important step is exercise. Stretches can help the muscles around the spine relax and allow bones to shift into better alignment(排列), Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around the spine. However, people should not overdo these exercises as repeated motions can strain the muscles around the spine. Trying to lift heavy weights with poor technique can have the same effect.Another important factor is diet. It affects the health of spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. These include B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids, all of which helps keep nerves healthy. People can get more B vitamin and omega 3 fatty acids by taking supplements sold by stores. Another important factor is vitamin D. which is essential for strong bones. All of these vitamins and acids can be obtained from food. Thus people can help themselves by including them in their daily diets56 What does this article mainly explain?A. Various aspects of a medical condition.B. The actions of viruses that cause illnesses.C. Drugs often used to solve the physical issue.D. The location of organs in the human body.57. How does the writer begin this article?A. By predicting improvement.B. By analyzing a series of data.C. By introducing minor injuries.D. By describing a gradual process58. What can readers find in this article?A. A warning about working out too hard.B. A method for improving sleep quality.C. A slogan used to promote health classes.D. A big criticism often aimed at doctors.59. What does the article imply about supplement?A. They are mainly for youngsters.B. They are commercial products.C. They are now being researched.D. They are seldom truly effective(B)In late March of 2018.a tear in the earth about 15 meters wide and 20 meters deep suddenly appeared in Kenya, it cut across roads and even split houses in two. This crack appeared out of nowhere after heavy rains and an increase in seismic activity. Some scientists believe that it is further proof that Africa is slowly splitting apart.Once a very long time ago, Africa and south America were one landmass before they separated. Similarly, one day in the very distant future, a large part of East Africa will split off from the rest of the continent. This will create a new landmarks and a new ocean. The breakup is the result of plate tectonics, the gradual motion of different parts of the Earth's crust.When plates of the Earth separate and tear away from each other. It is called rifting. The result is rift valley. Scientists don't understand the exact mechanism behind rifting. But the result is very easy to observe in theEast African Rift System(EARS), That's why studying this part of the world is so important.The East African Rift system begins in the north in Ethiopia, where three plates are moving away from each other. Two of them are continental plates, the African and Arabian plates. They are tectonic plates that have a large landmass above water. The third is the Somali plate, considered a minor plate, which is steadily moving away from the other two. But don't plan on visiting the new ocean anytime soon. The plates are moving at a rate of about 6 millimeters a year. At the speed millions of years will pass before a new ocean is formed.EARS is not all bad news for Kenya. A rift valley is composed of an area where there is increased volcanic activity and thinned planetary crust. This makes it easier to take advantage of the power of steam. For Kenya, this might be an answer to the country's electrical problems. The drought conditions that frequently occur there make it difficult to produce energy.But the geothermal(地热的) power plants going online in 2019 will allowthem to produce clean energy with very little water.60 What can be concluded from the passage?A. A war will certainty breakout in Africa.B. A disaster will suddenly strike Africa.C. A geological structure will change in Africa.D. A new country will come into being in Africa61 Which of the following plates might be surrounded by water according to the passage?A. East Africa.B. Somali plate.C. Arabian plate.D. Africa plate.62. What problem may be solved in Kenya thanks to the cracking?A. Poverty.B. Economy.C.Drought.D. Energy.(C)Are you worried about money? If so, I have some good news for you. Someone once said, “If all your problems can be solved with money, then you don't have any.” I get the point. Unless you are on the edge of losing everything and living in your car (which is a very sad thing that happens to people every day), your perceptions of your problems may not be serving you well.Let's take a look. Can you pay your living expenses and support your family? If so you are OK. Even if you are a family that just barely breaks even every month, you have to count that as a blessing, Most of us also have those terrible, surprising unexpected bills. But unless you you’re your job or your mind, don't you always find a way to take care of those expenses?PERTINENT(切中要害的) QUESTIONSTo see if you worry too much about finances, ask yourself a couple of questions Do you wake up worried about money? Do you check your bank balance and look at upcoming bills more than once every few days or even multiple times a day? If so, then you may have a little financial insecurity going on. Let's look at getting it under control. If it's making you crazy, it can make your family a little crazy too. This type of anxiousness is passedon to others, which is important to remember whenever you have the urge to share your fears.TOO MUCH INFORMATIONTMI (too much information) happens because it seems that by releasing Pent-up(压抑的)feelings of anxiety you will feel better and hopefully more supported and that this can happen but not with your loved ones because they will take all your fair and magnify it. Talk instead with your financial advisor, your bank manager or your therapist. Laying your financial fears at the feet of your family is not good for them or for you. Yes, be honest about any problems, but if you get emotional, so will those closest to you POSITIVE ACTIONIt's hard to be this passionate about money, but honestly, it's really the best way to get this issue solved. You have to look at it from a practical standpoint. Go over your debts, look closely at your assets and determine the best thing for you to do with your time right now.Maybe you need to use this time to get your books and other only your computer or use it to job hunt or to promote your business. Then again you may need to hire an accountant and go on some interviews. The point is simple: the only way to relieve yourself of the uncomfortable feeling of financial pressure is to take some kind of positive action.63. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Financial problems are not vital ones in everyone's daily life.B. You'd better calm down when you have financial problems.C. You needn't worry about unexpected bills even if you're out of work.D. When you have financial fears, remember to share feelings with others.64. The passage implies that ______.A. the best way to deal with money problem K to take positive actionB. as long as we share feelings with others, money fear will disappearC. we should have an optimistic attitude toward financial fearsD. any problem we meet can be solved with the help of money65. The phrase lay your financial fears at the feet of your family in the sixth paragraph probably means ______.A. to solve financial fears caused by your familyB. to help your family smartly avoid financial fearsC to make your family responsible for financial fearsD. to encourage your family to face financial fears bravely66. The best title of the passage is ______.A. Perceptions of money and valueGuilt is one of the most painful emotions that human experience but also one of the most common. Nobody enjoys feeling guilty, but this emotion serves an important purpose: It alerts a person when he or she has done something wrong. This enables the person to make amends and work to heal relationships that were damaged by their actions ____67____Nevertheless, guilt can be destructive if it is not dealt with in the right way, It can cause people to avoid others because they are too embarrassed to apologize for their actions or inactions. Some try to avoid at the pain of duty by turning to other worse habits. ____68____The proper response to guilt depends on what kind of guilt you're dealing with. For false guilty, it's important to recognize that the guilt does not reflect an actual ethical failure.For example, some false guilt focuses on failing to meet expectations you had for yourself. ___69___ No one is perfect, and no one can do everything, so admitting your limits is actually a sign of humility.It is also important to acknowledge what you're feeling. Even when you don't need to feel guilty, these feelings are real and normal, Try to balance them with positive thoughts, but realize that it often takes time for feelings to change.___70___ If so, don't try to conceal it. Apologize and ask for forgiveness. Learn from your mistakes, and try to avoid committing the same acts again. Getting on well with the person you hurt should make you guilty feeling fade.Guilt is painful, but it can serve a good purpose if you use it wellIV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Have you ever been involved in animal rescue? This is what happened to the Winter the dolphin. Winter was found off the coast of Florida in December of 2005. She was just a few months old, alone, and caught in a crab trap. The ropes from the trap were wrapped tightly around her body.The fisherman who found her called for help, and the rescue team soon arrived. The ropes had cut off the blood circulation to her tail. She was badly hurt. Her rescuers didn't think she would survive. Hoping for a miracle and racing against time to save her, the rescuers transferred her to the ClearwaterMarine Aquarium in Florida.The doctors managed to save Winter, but sadly, not her tail. He tail flukes were too damaged and had to be removed so Winter could live.The little dolphin Winter survived against all odds, but she would never be able to swim normally without a tail. Thankfully the story doesn't end here. Winter was able to swim, but not very well. Because she didn't have a tail. She moved her body in a side-to-side motion like a shark. But doctors at the aquarium were worried that unconventional moment would hurt her spine.Kevin Carroll heard Winter's story and for thought, he would could help. Heis a specialist who designs and provides prostheses for people. If he could help people, why not help a dolphin? He started working with Winter and came up with a solution for the new fluke and tail sectionKevin designed a stretchy sleeve to fit winter's body and protect her skin. Then a tail made of silicone and plastic was made to tightly fit over the sleeve. Now winter can swim like other dolphins. And she is a great inspiration to people who struggle with their own injuries.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 交友时不要以貌取人。
2019届上海市宝山区高三一模英语试卷
2019届高三一模宝山区I.Listening ComprehensionII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Ten-year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with her family in Copenhagen,Denmark. There are soldiers on the streets,and the country(21)______(accept)by the Nazis.There isn't enough to eat,and the world is at war.Then the Nazis decide to"relocate"the country's Jewish population.The Danes don't know(22)______their friends and neighbors are being taken away.They don't know where they are going,either.But they do know that it is wrong and dangerous and that they must help.Number the Stars is a very powerful novel.During World War II,the Nazis(23)______ (kill)millions of people in Europe.Many of those people were Jewish.But in Denmark, almost all of the Jewish population was saved.Number the Starsis a work of fiction,but it tells the true story of the Jewish(24)______(rescue)during the war.The moving plot is driven by justice,danger and excitement.But the book also deals with significant ideas that are much(25)______(big)than the story itself.Anemarie must learn that evil doesn't just appear in fairy tales.It's a real thing that affects real people.She must also struggle with questions of loyalty and sacrifice.Who would she die to protect?And is she brave enough(26)______(make)that sacrifice?Most importantly,Annemarie learns that(27)______(be)brave doesn't mean being fearless.It means doing the right thing despite the fact(28)______you are afraid,That's heavy stuff for a children's novel.I have taught Number the Stars to many classes at many different levels.It has always been a popular choice.It uses simple language and sentences.It is easy to read and provides clear examples of literary techniques like foreshadowing(预示).But it is also interesting,and the characters are(29)______(engage).The plot is full of tension.Lois Lowry.The author,has written award-winning novels for young people.Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent(30)______has made her so celebrated.Section BDirections:After reading the passage below,fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.monB.votingC.effortsD.electedE.endF.protestingG.sayH.exercisedI.arguedJ.equalK.rightsIn most democracies today,people expect women to vote.Women are just as able to make decisions about their___31___leaders as men.But200years ago,most people didn't think so.As late as the middle of the19century only men voted in most Western countries.A few countries or states let women vote in local elections.But women voting was far from ____32____.At that time,people believed that women belonged in the home.That meant they should not get involved with public life.But women in Europe,North America and New Zealand began___33___this situation. They believed that they should have a(n)____34___in their government's leaders.In1792 an English novelist named Mary Wollstonecraft___35____that women should be able to vote,In the United States,Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were important figures. They met while campaigning to put a(n)___36___to slavery.In the process,they decided that women also should have more___37___.Yet despite the___38___of these women neither Great Britain nor the United States was the first country to let women vote.That honor goes to NewZealand,which changed their law on September19,1893.This was because of women like Kate Shepherd.She led a group that presented petitions(请愿书)to their parliament three years in a row.Shepherd is now honored on New Zealand's s10bill.New Zealand was followed by Australia in1902and Finland in19zero six.By this time, some U.S.states and territories allowed women to vote.But the country as a whole didn't give women the right until after World War I.In many countries,the right to hold political office came along with the right to vote.And women have___39___that right.In many countries,women have even held their country's highest office.All of that is due to the efforts of women who fought for a(n)___40___voice III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The search for new,clean energy sources have occupied the attention of scientists and politicians for years.One common___41___for green energy is the wind.A new twist on this old resource could cause energy output of wind-power plants to increase greatly.Standard wind power plants rely on strong support and___42___can only reach the height of200meters or so.Higher than that,winds tend to be stronger and steadier,but the challenge is___43___how to obtain the energy from those winds.Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences in Germany have formed a kite-power research group.The group is working todevelop kites with inflatable(可充气的)wings___44___to electrical generator(发电机)on the ground.The research group's goal is to design a kite that can operate on its own for24hours. Research has begun,but many challenges remain,including making the generator more ___45___and perfecting the automatic flight control and structure of the kites.Nevertheless, in June2012,they demonstrated that their kites could operate___46___at an altitude of up to700meters.Meanwhile,in Italy,researchers are working on a(n)___47___power generator that relies on kites when the generator called KiteGen,senses wind blowing,kites are___48___from the end of poles with high-resistance cables to control their height and angle.These cables are able to move the kites if the system senses coming object___49___planes,helicopters or even individual birds.The kites themselves are light,tough and able to reach fairly high altitude.The loop(绕行)around in the wind,which sets the center of the generator in emotion___50___electric current.KiteGen has the___51___to be very cost-effective in the long run.After the original cost of designing and setting up the plant,little___52___investment will be necessary,apart from standard maintenance.The plant also requires___53___little space,which makes it ideal for cities and means that multiple plants can be set up to provide even more___54___.Kite power has the potential to greatly___55___on current wind power strategies.In the future,it may be an efficient cost efficient supplement to the other sources of energy use or even a replacement for some of them41.A resolution B.proposal C.resource D.substitute42.A.generally B.frequently C.continually D.regularly43.A.carrying out B.figuring out C.breaking out D.picking out44.A.chosen B.applied C.collected D.connected45.A.efficient plete C.powerful D.positive46.A.actively B.passively C.automatically D.artificially47.A.strange B.similar C.different D.original48A fastened B.revealed C.tailored D.released49.A.except for B.instead of C.such as D.due to50.A.producing B.inventing C.promoting D.developing51.A.qualification B.potential C.trend D.intention52.A.normal B.formal C.additional D.alternate53.A.concretely B.abstractly C thoroughly D.relatively54.A.energy B.strength C.technology D.opportunity55.A.focus B.extend C.improve D.transfer Section BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Many people experience problems with their spine(脊椎)as they age.The tissue that protects the joints in the spine gradually breaks down.As a consequence,the bones,in the spine begin to rub against each other.This further harms that issue as well as the bones.The result is pain in the joints and,sometimes,in nerves near the spineThis painful problem is actually a disease called osteoporosis.Some people are more at risk of osteoporosis because of genes that they inherited from their ancestors.Extremely heavy people are also more likely to suffer from this disease because their extra weight puts much pressure on their joints.Fortunately,there are steps that people can take to help prevent osteoporosis from developing in their spine.The most important step is exercise.Stretches can help the muscles around the spine relax and allow bones to shift into better alignment(排列),Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around the spine.However,people should not overdo these exercises as repeated motions can strain the muscles around the spine.Trying to lift heavy weights with poor technique can have the same effect.Another important factor is diet.It affects the health of spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves.These include B vitamins and omega-3fatty acids,all of which helps keep nerves healthy.People can get more B vitamin and omega3fatty acids by taking supplements sold by stores.Another important factor is vitamin D.which is essential for strong bones.All of these vitamins and acids can be obtained from food.Thus people can help themselves by including them in their daily diets56What does this article mainly explain?A.Various aspects of a medical condition.B.The actions of viruses that cause illnesses.C.Drugs often used to solve the physical issue.D.The location of organs in the human body.57.How does the writer begin this article?A.By predicting improvement.B.By analyzing a series of data.C.By introducing minor injuries.D.By describing a gradual process58.What can readers find in this article?A.A warning about working out too hard.B.A method for improving sleep quality.C.A slogan used to promote health classes.D.A big criticism often aimed at doctors.59.What does the article imply about supplement?A.They are mainly for youngsters.B.They are commercial products.C.They are now being researched.D.They are seldom truly effectiveIn late March of2018.a tear in the earth about15meters wide and20meters deep suddenly appeared in Kenya,it cut across roads and even split houses in two.This crack appeared out of nowhere after heavy rains and an increase in seismic activity.Some scientists believe that it is further proof that Africa is slowly splitting apart.Once a very long time ago,Africa and south America were one landmass before they separated.Similarly,one day in the very distant future,a large part of East Africa will split off from the rest of the continent.This will create a new landmarks and a new ocean.The breakup is the result of plate tectonics,the gradual motion of different parts of the Earth's crust.When plates of the Earth separate and tear away from each other.It is called rifting.The result is rift valley.Scientists don't understand the exact mechanism behind rifting.But the result is very easy to observe in theEast African Rift System(EARS),That's why studying this part of the world is so important.The East African Rift system begins in the north in Ethiopia,where three plates are moving away from each other.Two of them are continental plates,the African and Arabian plates.They are tectonic plates that have a large landmass above water.The third is the Somali plate,considered a minor plate,which is steadily moving away from the other two. But don't plan on visiting the new ocean anytime soon.The plates are moving at a rate of about6millimeters a year.At the speed millions of years will pass before a new ocean is formed.EARS is not all bad news for Kenya.A rift valley is composed of an area where there is increased volcanic activity and thinned planetary crust.This makes it easier to take advantage of the power of steam.For Kenya,this might be an answer to the country's electrical problems.The drought conditions that frequently occur there make it difficult to produce energy.But the geothermal(地热的)power plants going online in2019will allow them to produce clean energy with very little water.60What can be concluded from the passage?A.A war will certainty breakout in Africa.B.A disaster will suddenly strike Africa.C.A geological structure will change in Africa.D.A new country will come into being in Africa61Which of the following plates might be surrounded by water according to the passageA.East Africa.B.Somali plate.C.Arabian plate.D.Africa plate.62.What problem may be solved in Kenya thanks to the cracking?A.Poverty.B.Economy.C.Drought.D.Energy.Are you worried about money?If so,I have some good news for you.Someone once said,“If all your problems can be solved with money,then you don't have any.”I get the point.Unless you are on the edge of losing everything and living in your car(which is a very sad thing that happens to people every day),your perceptions of your problems may not be serving you well.Let's take a look.Can you pay your living expenses and support your family?If so you are OK.Even if you are a family that just barely breaks even every month,you have to count that as a blessing,Most of us also have those terrible,surprising unexpected bills.But unless you you’re your job or your mind,don't you always find a way to take care of those expenses?PERTINENT(切中要害的)QUESTIONSTo see if you worry too much about finances,ask yourself a couple of questions Do you wake up worried about money?Do you check your bank balance and look at upcoming bills more than once every few days or even multiple times a day?If so,then you may have a little financial insecurity going on.Let's look at getting it under control.If it's making you crazy,it can make your family a little crazy too.This type of anxiousness is passed on to others, which is important to remember whenever you have the urge to share your fears.TOO MUCH INFORMATIONTMI(too much information)happens because it seems that by releasing Pent-up(压抑的)feelings of anxiety you will feel better and hopefully more supported and that this can happen but not with your loved ones because they will take all your fair and magnify it.Talk instead with your financial advisor,your bank manager or your ying your financial fears at the feet of your family is not good for them or for you.Yes,be honest about any problems,but if you get emotional,so will those closest to youPOSITIVE ACTIONIt's hard to be this passionate about money,but honestly,it's really the best way to get this issue solved.You have to look at it from a practical standpoint.Go over your debts,look closely at your assets and determine the best thing for you to do with your time right now.Maybe you need to use this time to get your books and other only your computer or use it to job hunt or to promote your business.Then again you may need to hire an accountant and go on some interviews.The point is simple:the only way to relieve yourself of the uncomfortable feeling of financial pressure is to take some kind of positive action.63.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Financial problems are not vital ones in everyone's daily life.B.You'd better calm down when you have financial problems.C.You needn't worry about unexpected bills even if you're out of work.D.When you have financial fears,remember to share feelings with others.64.The passage implies that______.A.the best way to deal with money problem K to take positive actionB.as long as we share feelings with others,money fear will disappearC.we should have an optimistic attitude toward financial fearsD.any problem we meet can be solved with the help of money65.The phrase lay your financial fears at the feet of your family in the sixth paragraphprobably means______.A.to solve financial fears caused by your familyB.to help your family smartly avoid financial fearsC to make your family responsible for financial fearsD.to encourage your family to face financial fears bravely66.The best title of the passage is______.A.Perceptions of money and valueB.Passion,money and familyC.Keeping balance of psychologyD.Dealing with money worriesSection CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Other people experience false guilt because of high expectations for themselves.B.It's possible that you feel guilty because you actually did something wrong.C.Others try to cover up their guilt by blaming others or becoming angry.D.It can also motivate people to avoid making similar mistakes later.E.In this case,it's important to remind yourself that you have limits.F.Moreover,guilt can result in physical and mental discomforts meanwhileGuilt is one of the most painful emotions that human experience but also one of the most common.Nobody enjoys feeling guilty,but this emotion serves an important purpose:It alerts a person when he or she has done something wrong.This enables the person to make amends and work to heal relationships that were damaged by their actions____67____ Nevertheless,guilt can be destructive if it is not dealt with in the right way,It can cause people to avoid others because they are too embarrassed to apologize for their actions or inactions.Some try to avoid at the pain of duty by turning to other worse habits.____68____ The proper response to guilt depends on what kind of guilt you're dealing with.For false guilty,it's important to recognize that the guilt does not reflect an actual ethical failure.For example,some false guilt focuses on failing to meet expectations you had for yourself. ___69___No one is perfect,and no one can do everything,so admitting your limits is actually a sign of humility.It is also important to acknowledge what you're feeling.Even when you don't need to feel guilty,these feelings are real and normal,Try to balance them with positive thoughts,but realize that it often takes time for feelings to change.___70___If so,don't try to conceal it.Apologize and ask for forgiveness.Learn from your mistakes,and try to avoid committing the same acts again.Getting on well with the person you hurt should make you guilty feeling fade.Guilt is painful,but it can serve a good purpose if you use it wellIV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.Have you ever been involved in animal rescue?This is what happened to the Winter the dolphin.Winter was found off the coast of Florida in December of2005.She was just a few months old,alone,and caught in a crab trap.The ropes from the trap were wrapped tightly around her body.The fisherman who found her called for help,and the rescue team soon arrived.The ropes had cut off the blood circulation to her tail.She was badly hurt.Her rescuers didn't think she would survive.Hoping for a miracle and racing against time to save her,the rescuers transferred her to the ClearwaterMarine Aquarium in Florida.The doctors managed to save Winter,but sadly,not her tail.He tail flukes were too damaged and had to be removed so Winter could live.The little dolphin Winter survived against all odds,but she would never be able to swim normally without a tail.Thankfully the story doesn't end here.Winter was able to swim,but not very well.Because she didn't have a tail.She moved her body in a side-to-side motion like a shark.But doctors at the aquarium were worried that unconventional moment would hurt her spine.Kevin Carroll heard Winter's story and for thought,he would could help.Heis a specialist who designs and provides prostheses for people.If he could help people,why not help a dolphin?He started working with Winter and came up with a solution for the new fluke and tail sectionKevin designed a stretchy sleeve to fit winter's body and protect her skin.Then a tail made of silicone and plastic was made to tightly fit over the sleeve.Now winter can swim like other dolphins.And she is a great inspiration to people who struggle with their own injuries.V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.交友时不要以貌取人。
上海市宝山区2019-2020学年中考第一次模拟生物试题含解析
上海市宝山区2019-2020学年中考第一次模拟生物试题一、选择题（本题包括35个小题，每小题2分，共70分．每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．下列有关人体结构和功能的叙述，错误的是（）A．肾小管细长而曲折，周围缠绕着大量的毛细血管，利于肾小管的重吸收B．肺泡壁和毛细血管壁由一层扁平的上皮细胞构成，利于肺泡与血液的气体交换C．心脏中有动脉瓣、静脉瓣和房室瓣，能防止血液倒流D．小肠内表面有许多环形皱襞和绒毛，以增加小肠消化和吸收的面积【答案】C【解析】试题分析:尿液的形成包括肾小球和肾小囊壁的过滤作用和肾小管的重新收作用，其中肾小管细长而曲折，周围缠绕着大量的毛细血管，利于肾小管的重吸收，A正确；肺是呼吸系统中最主要的呼吸器官，是进行气体交换的主要场所．肺泡是进行气体交换的主要部位，数量很多，增加了气体交换的效率；肺泡外面包绕着丰富的毛细血管和弹性纤维；肺泡的壁和毛细血管壁都很薄，只有一层上皮细胞构成，这些特点都有利于肺泡与血液内的气体交换，B正确；心房和心室之间的瓣膜叫房室瓣，它只能朝向心室开，保证血液只能从心房流向心室；心室和相连的动脉之间的瓣膜叫动脉瓣，只能朝向动脉开，保证血液只能从心室流向动脉．这样就保证了血液只能按一定方向流动：心房→心室→动脉，而不能倒流；心脏中没有静脉瓣，C错误；小肠是消化吸收的主要场所，小肠内表面有许多环形皱襞和绒毛，以增加小肠消化和吸收的面积，D正确。
故选C。
考点：本题考查心脏的结构；胃和肠的结构特点；肾脏的结构和功能。
2．在模拟“精子与卵细胞随机结合”的实验中，用黑围棋子代表含Y染色体的精子，白围棋子代表含X染色体的精子和卵细胞。
下列关于实验的方法错误的是A．实验中共需30枚白围棋子，10枚黑围棋子B．从纸盒中抓取棋子时应当做到随机性C．每次取完棋子并记录后，需要将棋子放回去，摇匀后再取D．每个小组模拟实验得到的数据都能说明生男生女的比例是1:1【答案】D【解析】【分析】在亲代的生殖细胞形成过程中，经过减数分裂，两条性染色体彼此分离，男性产生两种类型的精子--含X 染色体的精子和含Y染色体的精子，女性则只产一种含X染色体的卵细胞。
上海市宝山区高三上学期期末等级质量监测考试生命科学试题Word版含答案
宝山区 2016 学年第一学期期末 高中生命科学学科等级考质量监测试卷考生注意：1. 试卷满分 100 分，考试时间 60 分钟。
2. 试卷包含两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为综合题。
3. 答题前，务必用钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题纸上填写姓名、班级、学校和准考证号。
考 生需将答案全部写在答題纸上，不要超过答题框，否则不得分。
、选择题 (共 40分，每小题 2 分。
每小题只有一个正确答案 )1. 在电闪雷鸣的极端天气里，人体感知雷鸣的感受器是2. 人体出现地方性甲状腺肿与肌肉抽搐症状是因为缺少3. 在实验条件下，矮牵牛花叶片细胞能发育成完整的植株。
这说明该细胞具有4. “地沟油”的主要成分是脂肪，但还含有许多致病、致癌的毒性物质。
下列有关叙述正确 的是A ．“地沟油”的主要成分的组成元素一定是 C 、H 、O 、 NB ．“地沟油”的主要成分是生物体内的主要能源物质C ．“地沟油”的主要成分遇苏丹Ⅲ染液呈现橘黄色D ．“地沟油”的主要成分参与细胞核内染色质组成5. 图 1 表示物质进出小肠上皮细胞的过程示意图。
其中 度。
下列叙述正确的是 A. 葡萄糖通过协助扩散的形式进入此细胞 B. 葡萄糖被运出此细胞，需要消耗 ATP C. 钠离子通过主动运输的方式进入此细胞，D. 组成图中葡萄糖载体和钠离子载体的基本单位相同6. 艾滋病病毒属于 RNA 病毒，有关艾滋病病毒的说法正确的是7. 赫尔希 (A.Hershey) 和蔡斯 (M.Chase) 于 1952年所做的噬菌体侵染细菌的著名实验进一步 证实了 DNA 是遗传物质。
这项实验获得成功的原因之一是噬菌体 A. 侵染大肠杆菌后会裂解宿主细胞 B. 只将其 DNA 注入大肠杆菌细胞中15C.DNA 可用 15N 放射性同位素标记D.DNA 分子具有稳定的双螺旋空间结构8. 人体通过多种调节来维持体温的相对稳定，下列叙述正确的是 A. 安静时由骨骼肌代谢产热 B. 炎热时散热大于产热C. 人体的蒸发散热主要通过呼吸道进行D. 寒冷刺激下甲状腺激素分泌增加以利于产热A. 鼓膜B. 半规管C. 耳蜗D. 听小骨A. 碘、钙B. 钠、钙C. 铁、锌D. 钾、钠A. 普遍性B. 统一性C. 全能性D. 特异性 A. 只有一种细胞器 B. 其基因是 DNA 有效片段C. 寄生在人体肝细胞D. 组成成分与核糖体相似、 的个数代表分子 ( 离子 ) 的浓 图19. 某同学看见课桌上有一层灰， 拿抹布抹课桌时， 不小心手被钉子刺了一下， 手臂快速收回， 在此反射中神经冲动传导途径是 A. 眼→传入神经→脊髓→传出神经→肌肉 B. 皮肤→传入神经→脊髓→传出神经→肌肉C. 眼→传入神经→大脑→传出神经→脊髓→传出神经→肌肉D. 皮肤→传入神经→大脑→传出神经→脊髓→传出神经→肌肉10. 野外旅游迷路的人，长时间不吃饭、不喝水、不休息，其体内激素含量变化正确的是A. 胰高血糖素减少B. 胰岛素增加C. 抗利尿激素增多D. 促甲状腺激素减少 11. 下列关于细胞器的结构和功能的说法，正确的是12. 图 3 中①代表新鲜菠菜叶的光合色素纸层析结果，则右图②所示结果最有可能来自于A. 水培的洋葱叶B. 生长的柳树幼叶C. 培养的衣藻D. 秋冬的银杏落叶① ② 图313. 下列各组化合物中，全是内环境成分的一组是 A. CO 2 、血红蛋白、载体蛋白 B.RNA 聚合酶、抗体、激素C. 胆固醇、 O 2 、血浆蛋白D.Ca2+、消化酶、葡萄糖 14. 如图 4 表示人体内主要能源物质氧化分解的部分途径，其中的大写字母代表物质。
1宝山试卷
A．a B．b C．c D．d
6．下列过程中,由逆转录酶催化的是 A．DNA→RNA C．蛋白质→蛋白质
图2
B．RNA→DNA D．RNA→蛋白质
7．图 3 表示洋葱的一个 DNA 分子片段， 在 DNA 聚合酶作用下形成的键是
A．① B．② C．③ D．④
2019 学年第一学期期末高中生命科学学科等级考质量监测试卷
。
2019 学年第一学期期末高中生命科学学科等级考质量监测试卷
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（三)生物工程与疾病治疗（12 分）
肿瘤疫苗是新型治疗方法，其原理是将肿瘤抗原导入人体内，激活患者自身的免疫应答， 从而达到控制或清除肿瘤的目的。
33.(2 分) 通过肿瘤疫苗激活的免疫应答归类正确的是
。
①细胞免疫
②体液免疫
D．核 DNA 的复制方式不同
图6
12．如果正常人血液中甲状腺素过多，则促甲状腺激素水平会相应下降，这属于
A．正反馈作用
B．负反馈作用
C．拮抗作用
D．协同作用
13．剧烈运动引起血压升高，发生降压反射时， A. 压力感受器传入冲动频率降低 C. 外周阻力降低
B. 副交感神经兴奋性减弱 D. 心排血量升高
C．抗利尿激素增多
D．体内产热大于散热
5．在探究洋葱细胞外界溶液浓度与质壁分离的关系实验中，在 m 点时间分别用 0.1g/ml 蔗 糖溶液、0.3g/ml 蔗糖溶液、0.5g/ml 蔗糖溶液和清水引流洋葱表皮细胞，在 n 点时间再用清 水引流，测得细胞原生质体积变化如图 2，图 2 中代表用 0.3g/ml 蔗糖溶液引流过结果的是
图3
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8．图 4 表示不同浓度生长素对芽生长的影响。当植物表现出顶端优势时，若顶芽所处浓度 为 b，最靠近顶芽的侧芽所含生长素的浓度为
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宝山区2018学年第一学期期末 高中生命科学学科等级考质量监测试卷考生注意：1.试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2.试卷包含两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为综合题。
3.答题前，务必用钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题纸上填写姓名、班级、学校和准考证号。
考生需将答案全部写在答題纸上，不要超过答题框，否则不得分。
一、选择题(共40分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案)1．下列能正确表示脱氧核苷酸结构的是2．在电子显微镜下，颤藻和水绵细胞中都能被观察到的结构是A ．细胞核B ．内质网C ．叶绿体D ．核糖体 3．图1表示染色体中蛋白质、DNA 、基因的关系。
甲、乙、丙依次是A ．DNA 、基因、蛋白质B ．基因、DNA 、蛋白质C ．基因、蛋白质、DNAD ．DNA 、蛋白质、基因4．艾滋病病毒属于RNA 病毒，有关艾滋病病毒的说法正确的是A ．病毒内可进行RNA 自我复制B ．主要由DNA 、RNA 和蛋白质组成C ．主要寄生在人体T 淋巴细胞D ．可用来抑制绿脓杆菌治愈烧伤病人 5．人体口腔中生活着一定数量的链球菌，其分泌的过氧化氢对一些病原菌有抑制作用，这种免疫方式属于A ．非特异性免疫B ．人工免疫C ．二次免疫D ．特异性免疫 6．将盛有一定浓度蔗糖溶液的透析袋口所紧后浸于蒸馏水中，下图表示透析袋中蔗糖溶液浓度与时间的关系，正确的是7．香蕉是人们喜爱的水果之一，果农通过地下球茎中的不定芽培育成苗，这种生殖方式是 A. 出芽生殖 B ．营养繁殖 C ．分裂生殖 D ．有性生殖 8．图2显示月季的根和茎对不同浓度生长素的反应。
相对于A 点而言，B 点对应的生长素浓度下，根和茎作出的反应分别是 A ．促进作用加强，促进作用加强 B ．抑制作用加强，促进作用减弱 C ．促进作用减弱，促进作用加强D ．促进作用相同，促进作用相同A B C D染色体 乙甲 丙图1A.B.C.D.生长素的浓度(mol/L)图29．图3表示人体内主要能源物质氧化分解的部分途径，其中的大写字母代表物质。
下列叙述正确的是A ．物质M 可能是乳酸或酒精B ．物质Y 为葡萄糖或丙酮酸C ．糖原水解发生在肝细胞和肌细胞中D ．X →Y 过程发生在线粒体中 10．逃生演练中，某同学作出逃生反应的部分机制如图4。
下列叙述正确的是A ．警报声感受器X 位于人体肌肉内B ．若传出神经受损,听不到警报声C ．逃生反应有多个神经中枢参与D ．若传出神经受损,不影响肌肉收缩 11．剧烈运动后应该服用淡盐水而非清水，一次饮用1L 清水（实线）和1L 盐水（虚线）后,人体排尿率如图5所示，下列说法正确的是A. 饮用清水后，尿量先少后多B ．饮用盐水后，尿量先多后少C ．饮用清水比饮用盐水，体内抗利尿激素更多D ．剧烈运动后，饮用淡盐水更有利于机体维持渗透压平衡 12．遗传信息的多样性体现在：A ．碱基配对方式B．DNA 的空间结构C．脱氧核苷酸的种类D．碱基的排列顺序13．图6为细胞周期示意图，G 0期为暂不增殖细胞所处时期。
下列相关叙述正确的是A ．图示细胞的细胞周期为23hB ．S 期应为染色体复期及加倍的时期C ．记忆B 细胞所处时期应为G 0期D ．M 期染色体平均分配所用时间长于间期14．用测微尺测量同一个叶保卫细胞的长度时，下列目镜和物镜的组合中，视野内目镜测微尺格数显示最多的是①目镜10× ②目镜16× ③物镜10× ④物镜40×A ．①③B ．①④C ．②③D ．②④15．图7中的细胞A 属于A ．受精卵B ．胚胎干细胞C ．多能干细胞D ．单能干细胞XYCO 2+N+大量能量M+少量能量图3警报声感受器X 神经中枢肌肉收缩 传入神经 传出神经逃生图4图50 1 2 3 小时每 分钟排 尿 量 饮水图616．为证实微信传言“手机屏幕细菌比马桶按钮上的多”。
两个兴趣小组分别展开如图8的实验过程。
下列分析正确的是A ．两组实验过程可在教室里进行实验比较B ．两组实验结果不同，与取样部位不同无关C ．两组实验在接种过程中均需要用到接种环D ．该实验对照组应设置为取相同培养基接种等量无菌水进行培养17．决定豌豆圆粒形的是显性基因(用H 表示),皱粒形的是隐性基因(用h 表示)，皱粒形的豌豆的基因组成示意图是18．图9是洋葱根尖分生区细胞有丝分裂的光学显微镜照片，该细胞刚完成 A ．细胞核分离 B ．染色单体分离C ．DNA 双链解开D ．同源染色体分离19．高的动脉血压引起降压反射。
发生降压反射时，则出现 A ．压力感受器传入冲动频率降低 B ．副交感神经兴奋性减弱C ．心排血量和外周阻力降低D ．心排血量和外周阻力升高20．有些同学不吃早餐，用午餐补充，结果午餐摄入过量，则会造成某激素分泌过量，引起肥胖，下列解释合理的是A ．胰岛素分泌过多，促进了葡萄糖的氧化分解B ．胰岛素分泌过多，促进了糖原和脂肪的合成C ．肾上腺素分泌过多，促进血压升高，引起肥胖D ．胰高血糖素分泌过多，促进氨基酸转化为脂肪hA图9固定面积用无菌棉取样 10mL 菌悬液 特殊处理制成 继续实验 小组1:小组2:手机屏幕 手机屏幕 马桶按钮 马桶按钮 图8二、综合题（一）生长素作用与细胞结构的关系（12分）生长素能促进细胞伸长生长的机理指出：生长素与细胞膜上的受体结合,从而激活了细胞膜上转运氢离子的载体，将氢离子向膜外运输，进而激活细胞壁上酶X ，最终导致细胞壁松散,细胞因吸水伸长。
据图10回答下列问题：21．（2分）图10中结构A 的化学成分为 。
22．（4分）图10中H +的跨膜运输方式是 ，生长素发挥作用首先是与细胞膜上的受体结合，形成“激素一受体复合物”，这一过程体现了细胞膜的 功能。
23．（2分）根据已有知识和图推断,下列相关叙述正确的是 （多选）。
A. ATP 结构中含三个高能磷酸键B. 酶X 的作用是促进水解反应C. 原生质层的伸缩性大于细胞壁的伸缩性D. 任何浓度的生长素都能促进细胞伸长 24．（2分）用单侧光照射胚芽鞘尖端，与向光侧细胞相比，背光侧细胞内酶X 的活性较强,其原因是 。
25．（2分）在光学显微镜下观察有大液泡的细胞，其细胞核中找不到染色体的原因 。
A ．没有用龙胆紫染色B ．生长素破坏了染色体结构C ．无染色体形成D ．显微镜倍率不够胞壁松后细胞糖链(二）户外运动与内环境调节（12分）徒步探险是一种惊险，刺激的户外运动。
在户外复杂条件下，人体依靠内环境自稳态调节维持各器官、系统的协调活动，图11为内环境调节部分机制，甲乙丙丁代表腺体或神经结构，①~②代表途径，a~f 代表物质。
据图11回答下列问题：26．（2分）当在高寒地区徒步探险时，物质c 含量明显上升，加速组织细胞物质氧化分解，释放能量，增加产热量抵御寒冷，那么物质a 为 。
27．（2分）图中有助人体体温升高的激素有 （多选） A ．c B ．d C ．e D ．f28．（2分）内分泌腺的活动也受神经系统的调节,信息在结构丙中传递形式 。
A ．负反馈 B ．激素 C ．神经冲动 D ．神经递质 29．（2分）图中毛细血管壁由一层细胞构成，毛细血管壁细胞的内环境是 。
30．（2分）在丛林深山探险时，血糖消耗量极大，此时人体内物质f 和物质e 明显升高，升高血糖,维持血糖平衡，请依次说出f 和e 的物质名称 。
31．（2分）去年小明体检出重度脂肪肝，高血脂，胆固醇，于是他天天徒步一万步，风雨无阻坚持一年，今年体检时，检测报告出血脂恢复正常，因此，坚持长期的健身运动，对血脂有明显的调节作用。
请以甘油三酯为例，简述坚持徒步运动有效降低血脂原因丙a甲肾上腺下丘脑（三）小麦品种与光合作用（12分）某农业所改良小麦品种，研究其光合作用特性。
图12表示小麦幼苗原品种和新品种的净光合速率与光照强度关系。
32．（2分）光合作用过程分为 两个阶段。
33．（2分）图12中光照在[0-X]时，原品种小麦的叶绿体与线粒体之间的气体关系对应于下 列图 。
34．(3分) 要获得图12中的新品种曲线，实验应设置的条件组合是 。
①环境CO 2浓度保持不变 ②环境温度保持不变 ③环境湿度保持不变 ④光照强度保持不变⑤植株样本足够多 ⑥选用生长状态一致的植株研究人员在相同培养条件下分别测定了小麦新育品种与原种(对照) 幼苗叶片的净光合速率、蛋白质含量和叶绿素含量,如表135．（2分）叶绿素位于叶绿体 ，可用 方法进行分离。
36．（3分）由表可知 小麦光合作用最强，其原因是 。
表1A.B. C. D.（四）现代生物技术与疾病的治疗（12分）严重复合型免疫缺陷疾病 （SCID ），因体内缺乏腺苷酸脱氨酶（ada ）基因，导致体内无法合成腺苷酸脱氨酶，患者不能够抵抗任何微生物的感染，只能在无菌条件下生活。
科学家对患者的基因治疗过程如图13，最终，患者的免疫功能得到了很好的修复。
37．（2分）病毒a 会被人体识别，属于引起人体发生免疫发应的 。
38．（2分）从分子水平上写出病毒b 与病毒a 的不同地方 。
39．（4分）过程②属于转基因技术的 ，过程③需采用的生物技术是 。
40．（2分）为保障治疗的安全性，科学家已将病毒a 基因组RNA 上编码病毒球壳的蛋白基因一律删除掉（基因编辑），以降低病毒的潜在风险。
这种潜在的风险是指 （多选）。
A ．病毒a 的基因复制 B ．病毒a 的RNA 逆转录 C ．病毒a 在宿主细胞中的自我繁殖 D ．病毒a 侵入其他细胞能力41．（2分）图13治疗过程中，利用基因编辑技术对T 淋巴细胞进行改造和修饰，然后再重新注入人体，会不会造成人类基因污染？下列说法正确的是 。
A ．T 淋巴细胞增殖分化为生殖细胞而遗传 B ．T 淋巴细胞经减数分裂形成生殖细胞而遗传C ．作用于成体免疫细胞而不会通过生殖细胞而遗传D ．作用于成体免疫细胞会通过血液传染而遗传①携带人正常ada 基因的细菌病毒a （含逆转录酶）从SCID 患者体内分离T 淋巴细胞病毒b③将携带正常ada 基因的T 淋巴细胞再注入患者体内②图13（五）遗传与遗传病（12分）血友病是由X 染色体上的隐性基因导致的遗传病（H 对h 为显性）。
某家族遗传系谱如图14，其中Ⅱ-2和Ⅱ-3为同卵双胞胎女儿(遗传物质相同)。
据图回答下列问题：42．（1分）写出Ⅲ-1的基因型43．（2分）Ⅲ-1号的致病基因最终来源 。
A ．Ⅰ-1含有的致病基因B ．Ⅱ-1的基因突变C ．Ⅰ-2含有的致病基因D ．Ⅲ-1的染色体畸变 44．（2分）Ⅱ-3号夫妇生血友病患孩的概率是 。
45． （2分）Ⅱ-3女士为预防生下血友病小孩，去医院做的检查，医生建议做的检查是 。