Criminal law法律英语刑法 PPT课件
刑法总论法律英语
刑法学criminal law; penal law犯罪学criminology犯罪心理学criminal psychology劳动改造法学reform-through-labor中国刑法史history of Chinese criminal law比较刑法学comparative criminal law刑事侦查criminal detection司法精神病学forensic psychiatry罪刑法定原则principal of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime 罪刑相适应原则principal of suiting punishment to crime罪责自负原则principal of bearing responsibility solely for one’s own crime 惩罚与教育相结合原则principal of combining punishment with education从旧原则the doctrine of observing old laws从新原则the doctrine of observing new laws追诉时效limitation of prosecution刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility刑事责任年龄age for criminal responsibility刑事责任能力criminal responsibility; capacity for criminal responsibility犯罪crime; commit a crime故意犯罪intentional crime; willful crime过失犯罪negligent crime犯罪构成constitution of a crime犯罪主体subject of a crime犯罪客体object of a crime犯罪的主观方面subjective elements of a crime犯罪的客观方面objective elements of a crime犯罪对象target of a crime犯罪故意criminal intent; mens rea直接故意actual intent; direct intent间接故意indirect intent犯罪过失criminal negligence疏忽大意的过失careless negligence过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption不能预见unforeseeable; unpredictable不能避免unavoidable犯罪动机criminal motive犯罪目的criminal intent; criminal purpose防卫过当unjustifiable self-defense紧急避险act of rescue; necessity犯罪既遂completion of a crime犯罪未遂attempted crime犯罪形态criminal pattern犯罪预备a crime in preparation; preparation for a crime犯意表示expression for a crime犯罪中止abandonment/discontinuance of a crime犯罪中断suspension of a crime行为犯behavioral offence危险犯potential damage offence结果犯consequential offence结果加重犯aggregated consequential offence类推analogy定罪conviction; crimination定罪情节circumstances for adjudgment定罪量刑punishment fits the crime量刑情节principle of discretionary action of sentencing; principal of sentencing危害行为dangerous act因果关系causative relation共同犯罪complicity; joint offence教唆犯abettor主犯principal从犯accessory胁从犯accomplice under duress; unwilling follower帮助犯aider; accessory累犯recidivist; repeat offence一般累犯common recidivist反革命累犯counter-revolutionary recidivist法人犯罪corporate crime结伙犯罪gang crime流氓集团gang of hoodlums流氓罪crime of indecent assault集团犯罪organized crime经济犯罪economic crime职务犯罪duty crime; crime by taking advantage of duty聚众犯罪assembled a crowd to commit a crime一罪one crime一罪不二罚nemo bis punitur pro eodem delicto; no one is punished twice for the same crime 继续犯continuous crime持续犯continuous crime想象竟合犯imaginative joinder of offences惯犯habitual offence结合犯combinative crime; integrated offence连续犯continuing offence牵连犯implicated offence吸收犯Inclusive offence; absorbable offence数罪plural crimes数罪并罚joinder of punishment for plural crimes法定最高刑maximum statutory penalty法定最低刑minimum statutory penalty总和刑期total term of sentences并科原则doctrine of cumulation of punishments 相加原则doctrine of accumulation合并原则doctrine of joinder累加原则cumulative principle吸收原则absorption principle限制加重原则principle of limitative aggravation 折衷原则doctrine of compromise两罚制dual/double punishment单罚制single punishment漏罪omitted crime先并后减reduction after combined sentence。
法律英语法律出版社 各课课件第七课
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2020/8/12
Excusable homicide
• A person accidentally and without gross negligence causes the death of another individual.
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Background
• Model Penal Code
• Model Penal Code was created by a group of law professors, judges, and lawyers to offer a comprehensive revision of the criminal law. The Model Penal Code is not law and has no binding effect. It has, however, been the model for many state criminal codes and has been very influential on state and local legislators.
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1. Murder
• Killing a human being with “malice” 恶意、预谋杀人
California Penal Code
SECTION 187-199 ：Murder is the unlawful killing of a human being, or a fetus, with malice aforethought.
法律英语lesson7criminallaw教材教学课件
Elements of criminal composition
Actus Reus
Mens Rea
Causation
Harm
The physical element of a crime, which refers to the voluntary act or omission that constitutes the criminal behavior.
• Incomplete crime and completed crime: Incomplete crime includes attempted crime, discontinued crime, and joint crime; completed crime refers to a crime that has been completed.
Motive and purpose
The motive refers to the inner reason that prompts the actor to commit the crime; the purpose refers to the actor's hope to achieve the result through the crime.
refer to the actual harm caused by the actor's criminal act to the protected social relationship.
Causal relationship
refers to the causal relationship between the actor's criminal act and the harmful consequences.
法律英语 第七课 刑法
Criminal Law
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Laws are generally found to be nets of such a texture, as the little creep through, the great break through, and the middle-sized are alone entangled in .
crime concerning securities/VAT invoices
crime of auditors providing falsified certification crime of homicide
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Words
criminal case criminal group criminal procedure at first instance criminal procedure at second instance
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Background
▪ Model Penal Code ▪ Model Penal Code was created by a group of law
professors, judges, and lawyers to offer a comprehensive revision of the criminal law. The Model Penal Code is not law and has no binding effect. It has, however, been the model for many state criminal codes and has been very influential on state and local legislators. ▪ /model-penalcode.htm
法律英语Lesson Seven Criminal law
Words
Individual 个人，个体，个人的，个体的 个人，个体，个人的， individual privacy individual human right individual income tax individual works Retain vt .保留，聘请 保留， retain the ownership retain fee / retainer retaining lien retain sb. as a lawyer
★ 合理辩护理由：未成年；错误；精神不正常；醉酒状态； 合理辩护理由：未成年；错误；精神不正常；醉酒状态； 被迫行为；正当防卫；紧急避险；警察圈套。 被迫行为；正当防卫；紧急避险；警察圈套。
Background
★ 美国刑法的具体犯罪可以粗略的分为四个部分： 美国刑法的具体犯罪可以粗略的分为四个部分： 侵犯人身罪、侵犯财产罪、 侵犯人身罪、侵犯财产罪、刑法典中的其他犯罪以及职业性 经济犯罪。 经济犯罪。
Words criminal n.& adj. 罪犯、犯人； 犯罪的;刑事的 罪犯、犯人； 犯罪的;
criminal at large criminal group/gang criminal intent/criminal act criminal case criminal procedure at first instance criminal procedure at second instance
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TRANSITIONAL
ELEMENTS
Words
Homicide n. 杀人 他杀，凶杀 杀人,他杀 他杀， homicide by mistake homicide case homicide crime homicide victim homicide under the influence of affection homicidal act homicidal insanity
法律英语课件
3.National Law and International Law
Simply stated, national law is law which applies to a nation. International law is commonly defined as a body of rules that states and other agents accept as binding obligations in the world community.
If a law concerns the rights of individuals （often including a corporation as a “person”）or the duties owed to people in the society, the law is a civil law.
Essentially, civil law focuses on wrongs against individuals, whereas criminal law focuses on wrongs against the whole society.
An important feature distinguishing criminal and civil law is the sanction imposed on the wrongdoer. Criminal sanctions may include imprisonment while civil sanctions emphasize payment of money.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
inheritance law administrative law tort law property law criminal law
法律英语课堂PPT汇报(法律) -正本
2014-8-8
法律英语
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Causation
(2) If, in case of multiple victims, it remains uncertain whether a particular victim’s damage has been caused by an activity, while it is likely that it did not cause the damage of all victims, the activity is regarded as a cause of the damage suffered by all victims in proportion to the likelihood that it may have caused the damage of a particular victim.
damage from that time on.
Uncertain partial causation （不明确的部分原因 ）
In the case of multiple activities, when it is certain that none of them has caused the entire damage or any determinable part thereof, those that are likely to have minimally contributed to the damage are presumed to have caused equal shares thereof.
2014-8-8
法律英语
法律英语第七课 Criminal Law
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2020/12/11
• Killing during the course of a felony such as robbery.
• 在抢劫这样的重罪过程中杀人
• Gun goes off accidentally killing the robbery victim, or a bystander, or a police officer.
• A killing amounts to a criminal homicide when it done without lawful justification or excuse.
murder
恶意杀人 谋杀
manslaughter
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非恶意杀人 非预谋杀人
2020/12/11
The elements of the crimes of murder
Capital punishment
DEATH PENALTY
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Insanity defense 精神不正常辩护
Ronald Reagan
John Hinc7kley
2020/12/11
TEXT Homicide
• Not all homicides are criminal. • Justifiable homicide
Express malice vs. Implied malice
Push another off the side of a mountain
Fire a rifle at a moving passenger train
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- Felony – murder重罪—谋杀罪
Manslaughter
- Voluntary manslaughter自 愿性非恶意杀人，故意杀 人 （比如激情犯罪crime of passion）
- involuntary homicide过失 杀人
Step 16 :Sentencing (three different types may be used)
Step 17 :Appeals
American criminal law classification
美国刑法种类
• 1.Criminal ACTS endangering degree（犯罪行为危害程度）： felony（重罪），misdemeanor(轻罪）
Step 1 :The Reported Crime (or “known offense”)
Step 2 :Prearrest Investigation (include three basic groups)
Step 3 :Arrest
Step 4 :Booking Step 5 : Post-Arrest Investigation (will vary with the fact situation)
My lecture topics ：
Death penalty sentencing plot
（死刑的量刑情节）
Basic situation
• American criminal law no specific reflect about the death penalty sentencing system, but the scope of the basic limit first-degree murder just executed, considering the consequences of a murder. Other must try to give every opportunity decreases victimised suspects miscalculation.
刑法有广义刑法与狭义刑法 之分。
Criminal law in a broad sense refers to all stipulation crime, the legal responsibility and penalty's legal norm sum total, including penal code, in specific criminal law as well as noncriminal law legal responsibility provision.
The American system of criminal procedure is “adversarial”.
The procedural steps carry a case from start to finish within the process.
The Steps in a typical felony case:
• 广义刑法是指一切规定犯罪、刑事责任和 刑罚的法律规范的总和，包括刑法典、单 行刑法以及非刑事法律中的刑事责任条款。
• Criminal law in a narrow sense refers to the penal code. The criminal law punishes the crime, maintains the social stability the most important law, forces the devoting backing by the country.
• Felony divided into 3：Level 1, level 2, Level3（重罪分为三级） • No more than one year's imprisonment penalty misdemeanor
（轻罪刑罚不超过一年监禁） • A maximum sentence of micro sin 30 是侵犯人们身体和 财产的作为或者不作为的行为,比如恐吓。
Some Famous say:
• Giving the killer what he deserves.
•
让犯罪的人罪有应得。
• It is better to fight for justice than
to rail at the ill.
--Alfreds Tennyson, British writer
•
与其责骂罪恶，不如伸张正义。
--英国作家 丁尼生 A
BUT A MAN SAID：
•Hate the sin but not the sinnner!
• 可恨的是罪行而不是罪犯。
• Yes，in my opinions, to be accurate ,we can only say that crime is any act or omission that is contrary to the criminal law.
Step 11 :Grand Jury Review (the primary function) Step 12 :The Filing of the Indictment or Information Step 13 :Arraignment on the Information or Indictment Step 14 :Pretrial Motions Step 15 :The Trial (the unique features)
狭义刑法是指刑法典。刑法是惩 治犯罪,维护社会安定的最重要的 法律,由国家强制力作后盾.
Criminal Procedure
The law governing that series of procedures through which the substantive criminal is enforced.
Criminal law
TheFourth
Group
Criminal law
1.What are the crimes and criminal law? 2.Criminal Procedure(美国刑法的程序) 3. Criminal law classification(美国刑法的 分类) 4. Capital Punishment(死刑) 5.Criminal liability（刑事责任）
• 美国刑法没有具体的 体现关于死刑的量刑 制度，但范围基本限 定一级谋杀才执行死 刑，考虑到有杀人的 后果。其他的都尽量 的给予一切的机会减 少对犯罪嫌疑人的错 判误判。
Murder
- Malice murder蓄意谋杀罪
- Intentionally injury murder 故意重伤谋杀罪
Step 6 :The Decision to Charge Step 7 :Filling the Complaint Step 8 :Magistrate Review of the Arrest Step 9 :The First Appearance (a quite brief proceeding) Step 10 :Preliminary Hearing
What do U think of CRIMES?what
• Some people think that crime that can be defined for the more serious offence against person or property, there are a number of acts,and some omissions,which are subject to the crminal law yet do not cause such a threat.
assault and attery(侵犯人身罪） qufringed residential sin(侵犯住宅罪） crime of property violation(侵犯财产罪） damage of moral yuiltlmale(损害公共道德罪） to endanger public order of sin(危害公共秩序罪） disrupt government management the crime
malum prohibitsin (法规禁止的罪）： drunken driving（酒后开车） driving through the roadwithout pay MaiLuQian shut （行车通过路关而不付买路钱）
operating machinery on-screen (经营机械赌具)
（微罪最高刑期为30天监禁） • Violations punish a crime only be fined
（违警罪只能判处罚金）
• 2.The nature of crime（犯罪本身的性质）：malum in se (邪 恶的罪），malum prohibitsin (法规禁止的罪）
• malum in se (邪恶的罪）：murder（杀人） set on fire （ 放火） adultery （奸淫） steal（盗窃）
(妨害政府管理罪）
Punishment ---Sentencing system is a very broad
content.
Aggravating circumstances (加重情节）
Reduce plot (减轻情节）
Recidivist and pleaded guilty (累犯和认罪）
1962，model penal code《模范刑法典》According to the crime is divided into four grades punishment weight（按刑罚 轻重把犯罪分为四等）：felony（重罪），misdemeanor(轻 罪），petty misdemeanor(微罪），violation(违警罪）