2专题综合检测三
2021高中同步创新课堂数学优化方案人教A版必修2习题：章末综合检测(三) Word版含答案
章末综合检测(三)[同学用书单独成册](时间：120分钟，满分：150分)一、选择题(本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的)1．直线x －y ＝0的倾斜角为( ) A ．45° B ．60° C ．90° D ．135°解析：选A.由于直线的斜率为1，所以tan α＝1，即倾斜角为45°.故选A. 2．若三点A (0，8)，B (－4，0)，C (m ，－4)共线，则实数m 的值是( ) A ．6 B ．－2 C ．－6D ．2解析：选C.由于A 、B 、C 三点共线，所以k AB ＝k AC ， 所以8－00－（－4）＝8－（－4）－m ，所以m ＝－6，故选C.3．倾斜角为135°，在y 轴上的截距为－1的直线方程是( ) A ．x －y ＋1＝0 B ．x －y －1＝0 C ．x ＋y －1＝0D ．x ＋y ＋1＝0解析：选D.由斜截式可得直线方程为y ＝－x －1，化为一般式即为x ＋y ＋1＝0. 4．已知点A (2m ，－1)，B (m ，1)且|AB |＝13，则实数m ＝( ) A ．±3 B ．3C ．－3D ．0 答案：A5．已知A (2，4)与B (3，3)关于直线l 对称，则直线l 的方程为( ) A ．x ＋y ＝0 B ．x －y ＝0 C ．x ＋y －6＝0 D ．x －y ＋1＝0解析：选D.由已知得直线l 是线段AB 的垂直平分线，所以直线l 的斜率为1，且过线段中点⎝⎛⎭⎫52，72，由点斜式得方程为y －72＝x －52，化简得x －y ＋1＝0.故选D.6．直线l 过点A (3，4)且与点B (－3，2)的距离最远，那么l 的方程为( )A ．3x －y －13＝0B ．3x －y ＋13＝0C ．3x ＋y －13＝0D ．3x ＋y ＋13＝0解析：选C.由于过点A 的直线l 与点B 的距离最远，所以直线AB 垂直于直线l ，直线l 的斜率为－3，由点斜式可得直线l 的方程为3x ＋y －13＝0.故选C.7．三直线ax ＋2y ＋8＝0，4x ＋3y －12＝0，2x －y －1＝0相交于一点，则a 的值是( ) A ．－2 B ．－8 C ．8D ．1解析：选B.联立方程组⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧4x ＋3y －12＝0，2x －y －1＝0，解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x ＝32，y ＝2.故三条直线的交点坐标为⎝⎛⎭⎫32，2.将其代入直线方程ax ＋2y ＋8＝0.解得a ＝－8.故选B.8．已知直线y ＝kx ＋2k ＋1与直线y ＝－12x ＋2的交点位于第一象限，则实数k 的取值范围是( )A ．－6＜k ＜2B ．－16＜k ＜0C ．－16＜k ＜12D ．k ＞12解析：选C.两直线联立，求出交点坐标为⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫－4k ＋22k ＋1，6k ＋12k ＋1， 又由于交点在第一象限，所以⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧－4k ＋22k ＋1＞0，6k ＋12k ＋1＞0，解得－16＜k ＜12.9．等腰直角三角形ABC 中，∠C ＝90°，若A ，C 的坐标分别为(0，4)，(3，3)，则点B 的坐标可能是( )A ．(2，0)或(4，6)B ．(2，0)或(6，4)C ．(4，6)D ．(0，2)解析：选A.设B 点坐标为(x ，y )，依据题意可得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧k AC ·k BC ＝－1，|BC |＝|AC |，即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧3－43－0·y －3x －3＝－1，（x －3）2＋（y －3）2＝＝（0－3）2＋（4－3）2，解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x ＝2，y ＝0，或⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x ＝4，y ＝6，所以B (2，0)或B (4，6)．10．若a ，b 满足a ＋2b ＝1，则直线ax ＋3y ＋b ＝0必过定点( ) A.⎝⎛⎭⎫－12，－16 B ．⎝⎛⎭⎫12，－16 C.⎝⎛⎭⎫12，16D ．⎝⎛⎭⎫－12，16 解析：选B.接受赋值法．令a ＝－1，b ＝1或a ＝1，b ＝0，得直线方程分别为－x ＋3y ＋1＝0，x ＋3y ＝0，其交点为⎝⎛⎭⎫12，－16，此即为直线所过的定点．故选B. 11．已知点A (－1，－2)，B (2，3)，若直线l ：x ＋y －c ＝0与线段AB 有公共点，则直线l 在y 轴上的截距的取值范围是( ) A ．[－3，5] B ．[－5，3] C ．[3，5]D ．[－5，－3]解析：选A.直线l ：x ＋y －c ＝0表示斜率为－1的一族平行直线，所以把点A 、B 代入即可求得在y 轴上的截距的取值范围：代入点A 得c ＝－3，所以直线在y 轴上的截距为－3，同理代入点B 得直线在y 轴上的截距为5.12．如图所示，已知两点A (4，0)，B (0，4)，从点P (2，0)射出的光线经直线AB 反射后再射到直线OB上，最终经直线OB 反射后又回到P 点，则光线所经过的路程是( )A ．210B ．6C ．3 3D ．2 5解析：选A.易得AB 所在的直线方程为x ＋y ＝4，由于点P 关于直线AB 对称的点为A 1(4，2)，点P 关于y 轴对称的点为A ′(－2，0)，则光线所经过的路程即A 1(4，2)与A ′(－2，0)两点间的距离．于是|A 1A ′|＝（4＋2）2＋（2－0）2＝210.二、填空题(本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分．把答案填在题中横线上)13．直线(2m 2－5m ＋2)x －(m 2－4)y ＋5m ＝0的倾斜角为45°，则m 的值为________． 解析：直线的斜率k ＝2m 2－5m ＋2m 2－4＝1，解得m ＝2或m ＝3.当m ＝2时，m 2－4＝0，直线的斜率不存在， 此时倾斜角为90°. 所以m ＝3.答案：3 14．已知直线l 1：mx ＋4y －2＝0与l 2：2x －5y ＋n ＝0相互垂直，且垂足为(1，p )，则m －n ＋p 的值为________． 解析：由于l 1⊥l 2，所以2m ＋4×(－5)＝0，解得m ＝10； 又由于点(1，p )在l 1上，所以10＋4p －2＝0，即p ＝－2； 又由于点(1，p )也在l 2上，所以2－5×(－2)＋n ＝0， 即n ＝－12. 所以m －n ＋p ＝20.答案：2015．已知点A (0，2)，B (2，0)．若点C 在函数y ＝x 2的图象上，则使得△ABC 的面积为2的点C 的个数为________．解析：设C (x ，y )，则AB ：x ＋y －2＝0，|AB |＝22，点C 到直线AB 的距离d ＝|x ＋y －2|2.又由于点C 在y ＝x 2上，所以d ＝|x ＋x 2－2|2.令S △ABC ＝12×22×|x ＋x 2－2|2＝2.解得x ＝0，－1，－1－172，－1＋172.所以满足条件的点有4个．答案：416．已知a ，b ，c 为某始终角三角形的三边长，c 为斜边长，若点(m ，n )在直线ax ＋by ＋2c ＝0上，则m 2＋n 2的最小值为________．解析：m 2＋n 2＝(（m －0）2＋（n －0）2)2，设P (m ，n )，则|OP |2＝m 2＋n 2，明显|OP |的最小值即为点O到直线ax ＋by ＋2c ＝0的距离d ，且d ＝|2c |a 2＋b 2＝2c a 2＋b2＝2cc ＝2.所以m 2＋n 2的最小值为d 2＝4.答案：4三、解答题(本大题共6小题，共70分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17．(本小题满分10分)已知直线l 1：ax ＋by ＋1＝0(a ，b 不同时为0)，l 2：(a －2)x ＋y ＋a ＝0， (1)若b ＝0，且l 1⊥l 2，求实数a 的值；(2)当b ＝3，且l 1∥l 2时，求直线l 1与l 2之间的距离．解：(1)当b ＝0时，直线l 1的方程为ax ＋1＝0，由l 1⊥l 2，知a －2＝0，解得a ＝2.(2)当b ＝3时，直线l 1的方程为ax ＋3y ＋1＝0，当l 1∥l 2时，有⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a －3（a －2）＝0，3a －1≠0，解得a ＝3，此时，直线l 1的方程为3x ＋3y ＋1＝0， 直线l 2的方程为x ＋y ＋3＝0，即3x ＋3y ＋9＝0. 故所求距离为d ＝|1－9|9＋9＝423. 18．(本小题满分12分)已知直线l 过点P (－2，3)，且与两坐标轴围成的三角形面积为4，求直线l 的方程．解：明显，直线l 与两坐标轴不垂直，否则不构成三角形．设l 的斜率为k ，则k ≠0，则l 的方程为y －3＝k (x ＋2)．令x ＝0，得y ＝2k ＋3； 令y ＝0，得x ＝－3k－2.于是直线与两坐标轴围成的三角形面积为 12|(2k ＋3)⎝⎛⎭⎫－3k －2|＝4， 即(2k ＋3)⎝⎛⎭⎫3k ＋2＝±8， 解得k ＝－12或k ＝－92.所以l 的方程为y －3＝－12(x ＋2)或y －3＝－92(x ＋2)，即x ＋2y －4＝0或9x ＋2y ＋12＝0.19．(本小题满分12分)在△ABC 中，BC 边上的高所在直线的方程为x －2y ＋1＝0，∠A 的平分线所在的直线方程为y ＝0.若点B 的坐标为(1，2)，求点A 和点C 的坐标．解：由方程组⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x －2y ＋1＝0，y ＝0，解得点A 的坐标为(－1，0)．又直线AB 的斜率k AB ＝1，x 轴是∠A 的平分线， 所以k AC ＝－1，则AC 边所在的直线方程为 y ＝－(x ＋1)．①又已知BC 边上的高所在直线的方程为x －2y ＋1＝0，故直线BC 的斜率k BC ＝－2， 所以BC 边所在的直线方程为y －2＝－2(x －1)．②解①②组成的方程组得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x ＝5，y ＝－6，即顶点C 的坐标为(5，－6)．20．(本小题满分12分)已知点A (0，3)，B (－1，0)，C (3，0)，试求点D 坐标使四边形ABCD 为等腰梯形．解：设所求D 点坐标为(x ，y )，(1)若AD ∥BC ，|AB |＝|CD |，则⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧y ＝3，（0＋1）2＋（3－0）2＝（x －3）2＋y 2.解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x ＝2，y ＝3或⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x ＝4，y ＝3.(不合题意，舍去)(2)若AB ∥CD ，|BC |＝|AD |， 则⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧y －0x －3＝3－00＋1，（－1－3）2＋02＝x 2＋（y －3）2.解得⎩⎨⎧x ＝165，y ＝35或⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x ＝4，y ＝3.(不合题意，舍去)综上，得点D 的坐标为(2，3)或⎝⎛⎭⎫165，35.21．(本小题满分12分)已知直线l ：3x －y －1＝0及点A (4，1)，B (0，4)，C (2，0)．(1)试在l 上求一点P ，使|AP |＋|CP |最小； (2)试在l 上求一点Q ，使|||AQ |－|BQ |最大．解：(1)如图①，设点C 关于l 的对称点为C ′(a ，b )，则b －0a －2＝－13，且3·a ＋22－b ＋02－1＝0，解得C ′(－1，1)，所以直线AC ′的方程为y ＝1.由⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧y ＝1，3x －y －1＝0得l 与直线AC ′的交点P ⎝⎛⎭⎫23，1，此时|AP |＋|CP |取最小值为5.(2)如图②，设点B 关于l 的对称点为B ′(m ，n )，则n －4m －0＝－13，且3·m ＋02－n ＋42－1＝0，解得B ′(3，3)，所以直线AB ′的方程为2x ＋y －9＝0，由⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧2x ＋y －9＝0，3x －y －1＝0得AB ′与l 的交点Q (2，5)，此时||AQ |－|BQ ||取最大值为 5.22．(本小题满分12分)A ，B 两个工厂距一条河分别为400 m 和100 m ，A 、B 两工厂之间距离500 m ，且位于小河同侧．把小河看作一条直线，今在小河边上建一座供水站，供A ，B 两工厂用水，要使供水站到A ，B 两工厂铺设的水管长度之和最短，问供水站应建在什么地方？解：如图，以小河所在直线为x 轴，过点A 的垂线为y 轴，建立直角坐标系， 则点A (0，400)，点B (a ，100)． 过点B 作BC ⊥AO 于点C .在△ABC 中，AB ＝500，AC ＝400－100＝300， 由勾股定理得BC ＝400，所以B (400，100)．点A (0，400)关于x 轴的对称点A ′(0，－400)，由两点式得直线A ′B 的方程为y ＝54x －400.令y ＝0，得x ＝320，即点P (320，0)．故供水站(点P )在距O 点320 m 处时，到A ，B 两厂铺设的水管长度之和最短．。
生物必修2：章末综合检测(三)
章末综合检测(三)(时间：90分钟，满分：100分)一、选择题(本题包括25小题，每小题2分，共50分)1．艾弗里等人的肺炎双球菌转化实验和赫尔希与蔡斯的噬菌体侵染细菌实验都证明了DNA 是遗传物质。
这两个实验在设计思路上的共同点是()A．重组DNA片段，研究其表型效应B．诱发DNA突变，研究其表型效应C．设法把DNA与蛋白质分开，研究各自的效应D．应用同位素示踪技术，研究DNA在亲代与子代之间的传递解析：选C。
肺炎双球菌转化实验没有用到同位素示踪技术；两实验中都没有突变和重组。
2．肺炎双球菌转化实验中，在如图所示培养有R型细菌的A、B、C、D四个试管中，依次分别加入从S型活细菌中提取的DNA、DNA和DNA酶、蛋白质、多糖，经过培养、检查结果发现有R型细菌转化的是()答案：A3．在下列表示腺嘌呤脱氧核苷酸结构的简图中，正确的是()解析：选D。
本题考查对脱氧核苷酸结构的认识。
在脱氧核苷酸简图中，圆圈代表磷酸，五边形代表脱氧核糖，长方形代表碱基，它们的连接方式同D。
4．细胞内与遗传有关的结构和物质，从复杂到简单的结构层次是()A．DNA→染色体→脱氧核苷酸→基因B．染色体→脱氧核苷酸→DNA→基因C．DNA→染色体→基因→脱氧核苷酸D．染色体→DNA→基因→脱氧核苷酸解析：选D。
基因是有遗传效应的DNA片段，脱氧核苷酸是组成DNA的基本组成单位，染色体的主要成分为DNA和蛋白质。
5．下列关于DNA或基因的叙述中，错误的是()A．肺炎双球菌的转化实验证明：能使R型菌发生转化的物质是S型菌的DNAB．DNA分子具有多样性的主要原因是由于碱基配对方式的不同C．可利用DNA做亲子鉴定是因为DNA分子具有特异性D．基因是有遗传效应的DNA片段，遗传信息是指有遗传效应的脱氧核苷酸序列解析：选B。
DNA分子具有多样性的主要原因是由于组成DNA分子的脱氧核苷酸排列顺序不同。
6．某双链DNA分子中共有含氮碱基1400个，其中一条单链上(A＋T)/(C＋G)＝2/5，问该DNA分子中胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷酸的数目是()A．150个B．200个C．300个D．400个解析：选B。
新教材2024高中政治第二单元遵循逻辑思维规则阶段综合检测部编版选择性必修3
阶段综合检测二时间:75分钟满分:100分一、选择题:本题共16小题,每小题3分,共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.“麻醉就是麻醉剂所起的作用”,这一概念存在的逻辑错误是( )A.定义过宽B.定义过窄C.同语反复D.比方定义解析:定义项不能干脆或间接地包含被定义项,因此,这一概念犯了“同语反复”或“循环定义”的逻辑错误,故选C项;A、B、D三项不符合题意,应解除。
答案:C2.甲说:“你们这样夜以继日、吵吵闹闹地在宿舍打牌,影响别人休息。
”乙说:“影响别人,又不影响你。
别人没有怨言,你有什么不平的?”从科学思维角度看,下列评价正确的是 ( )A.甲干扰别人消遣,影响和谐社会建设B.乙违反同一律要求,犯了“偷换概念”的逻辑错误C.甲夸大其词,犯了“定义过宽”的逻辑错误D.乙违反排中律要求,犯了“两不行”的逻辑错误解析:甲所说的“别人”,指除打牌者之外的人。
乙有意将其偷换为打牌者和甲之外的人。
在同一思维过程中,这种没有保持概念同一性的思维,违反了同一律的要求,犯有“偷换概念”或“偷换论题”的逻辑错误,故选B项;A、C、D三项说法错误,应解除。
答案:B3.柏拉图给人下了一个定义,即“人是没有羽毛两腿直立的动物”。
对于这个定义,以下评价错误的是 ( )A.这个定义正确说明白人区分于其他动物的本质特点B.依据这个定义,凡是没有羽毛的两腿直立的动物都是人C.这个定义不能把人与其他动物严格区分开来D.人与其他动物的本质区分在于人的创建性劳动,不应仅从形体外观上给人下定义解析:下定义就是用简明的语句揭示概念所反映的客观事物的本质属性。
柏拉图给人下的定义没有正确揭示出人区分于其他动物的本质特点,A项评价错误,应入选;B、C、D三项评价正确,不符合题意,应解除。
答案:A4.“杨善洲同志先进事迹报告会在京结束”,与这一推断特征一样的是 ( )A.全部参与报告会的同志仔细学习了杨善洲同志的先进事迹B.有些同志为杨善洲同志的感人事迹流下了泪水C.很多同志表示要把杨善洲同志的精神贯彻到日常工作当中去D.这位老党员被群众称为“草帽书记”解析:“杨善洲同志先进事迹报告会在京结束”这是一个单称推断,不须要量项,与之相一样的推断是D项;A项属于全称推断;B、C两项属于特称推断。
2013年苏教化学选修《化学反应原理》：专题综合检测(三)
专题综合检测(三)一、选择题(本题包括15小题，每小题3分，共45分)1．常温下在0.01 mol·L －1硫酸溶液中，水电离出的氢离子浓度是( )A ．5×10－13 mol·L －1B ．0.02 mol·L －1C ．1×10－7 mol·L －1D ．1×10－12 mol·L －1解析：选A 。
H 2SO 4属二元强酸，0.01 mol·L －1 H 2SO 4溶液中c (H ＋)＝0.02 mol·L －1，由此得出c (OH －)＝K W c (H ＋)＝10－14 mol 2·L －20.02 mol·L－1＝5×10－13 mol·L －1，根据水电离的特点知c (H ＋)水＝c (OH －)水，因此在此溶液中c (H ＋)水＝c (OH －)水＝5×10－13 mol·L －1。
2．水是一种极弱的电解质，在室温下平均每n 个水分子中只有一个水分子能电离，则n 是( )A ．1×10－4B ．55.6×107C ．1×107D ．6.02×1021解析：选B 。
本题通过计算可以看出水的电离非常微弱，水是很弱的电解质。
设水的体积为1 L ，则由水的密度可知水的质量为1000 g 。
则水的物质的量为n (H 2O)＝1000 g 18 g·mol－1＝55.6 mol 。
又已知常温下水电离产生的H ＋的浓度为1×10－7 mol·L －1，即：1 L 水中只有10－7 mol水分子能够电离，综上所述，可知在室温下，每55.6×107个水分子中只有一个水分子。
3．某一元弱酸HR 的溶液中，H ＋与HR 的个数之比为m ∶n ，则此时HR 的电离平衡常数为( )A.m 2nB.m 2m ＋n C.m 2n －m D.n 2m 2解析：选A 。
2022年人教版小学数学二年级下学期期中综合质量检测卷(三)(含答案)
2022年春季下学期2022年人教版小学数学二年级下册期中综合质量检测卷（三）一、选择题（10分）1．下面是三（一）班5个同学踢毽子情况统计表。
小丽小红小明小强小鹏33 34 30 28 19踢得最多，踢得最少。
正确选项是（）。
A．小红小鹏B．小丽小鹏C．小明小鹏D．小强小鹏2．把40朵小红花平均分给8个小朋友，每个小朋友得到几朵？正确的列式是（）。
A．40÷8 B．40－8 C．40×83．下面物体的运动是旋转的有（）。
A．自行车车轮的转动B．热气球的上下运动C．抽屉的运动4．一支笔9元钱，小明有45元钱，能买（）支笔。
A．6 B．5 C．45．顺发停车场停了3排小汽车，每排7辆，大汽车停了8辆，则小汽车和大汽车共有多少辆？正确的列式是（）。
A．3＋7＋8 B．3×7－8 C．3×7＋8二、填空题（32分）6．括号里最大能填几。
8×（______）＜54 （______）×8＜73 38－（______）＜24÷67．从36里连续减去6，减（______）次还剩6。
8．在括号里填上“＞”“＜”或“＝”。
46⨯（________）37⨯56+（________）56⨯44⨯（________）44+728÷（________）63⨯244÷（________）246÷324÷（________）243÷9．下面是二（1）班同学喜欢吃的水果的统计表。
水果梨苹果桃子香蕉橘子人数10 15 14 12 3(1)喜欢吃（______）的人数最多，有（______）人。
喜欢吃（______）的人数最少，有（______）人。
(2)全班一共有（______）人。
(3)喜欢吃梨的人数比喜欢吃苹果的人数少（______）人。
10．计算24÷4＋2时，应先算（______）法，再算（______）法；而计算24÷（4＋2）时，应先算（______）法，再算（______）法。
高一生物2单元综合检测题 第3章 基因的本质
第三章综合检测题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题）两部分。
满分100分，考试时间90分钟。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题共45分）一、选择题(共30小题，每小题1。
5分，共45分,在每小题给出的4个选项中,只有1项是符合题目要求)1．用噬菌体侵染含32P的细菌，在细菌解体后含32P的是（) A．所有子代噬菌体DNAB．子代噬菌体外壳C．子代噬菌体的所有部分D．只有两个子代噬菌体DNA［答案］A2．肺炎双球菌转化实验中，发现无毒R型和被加热杀死的有毒S型细菌混合后，在小鼠体内找到了下列类型的细菌( )①有毒R型②无毒R型③有毒S型④无毒S型A．①② B．③④C．②③ D．②④[答案] C［解析] 肺炎双球菌转化实验中，用无毒R型和加热杀死的有毒S型细菌混合注入小鼠体内，其体内应该是R型和S型都有。
3．控制生物性状的遗传物质的结构单位和功能单位是( ）A．基因B．脱氧核苷酸C．RNA D．核糖核苷酸[答案] A［解析］基因是有遗传效应的DNA片段，是控制生物性状的遗传物质的结构单位和功能单位。
4．下列哪一项是遗传物质必备的特点（）A．主要存在于细胞核里B．能自我复制C．高分子化合物D．主要的载体是染色体[答案] B[解析] 基因是有遗传效应的DNA片段。
5．遗传学是在科学实验的基础上建立和发展的。
下列关于遗传学研究的说法错误的是( )A．肺炎双球菌的转化实验和噬菌体侵染大肠杆菌的实验方法不同，但实验思路是一致的B．孟德尔成功运用了假说—演绎的科学研究方法，从而发现了三个遗传学定律C．无论证明DNA是遗传物质的实验还是豌豆杂交实验,科学选材是保证实验成功的重要因素D．沃森和克里克成功地构建了DNA分子的结构模型，为分子遗传学和多种生物工程技术奠定了理论基础［答案］B［解析］证明DNA是遗传物质的两个经典实验虽然方法不一样，但思路是一样的：设法将蛋白质和DNA分开,单独地直接观察它们的作用；孟德尔的成功除了选材科学外，还运用了假说—演绎法,从而发现了遗传学的两大定律。
【全程复习方略】2014中考英语精练精析 专题综合检测三 人教新目标版
专题综合检测(三)模拟一Jerry is the kind of guy you love to work and live with. He is always happy and always has something 1 to say. When someone asks him how he is doing, he must reply, “If I 2 any better, I would be twins! ”Jerry is an 3 manager because he has several waiters who have followed him around from restaurant to restaurant. The reason the waiters follow him is his 4 to life. He always 5 others. If a waiter is having a bad day, Jerry is there telling the waiter how to 6 the positive side of the situation.I was very curious(好奇的) about his positive attitude, 7 one day I went up to Jerry and asked him, “I don’t get it! You are a positive person 8 . How do you do it? ”Jerry replied, “Each morning I 9 and say to myself, ‘Jerry, you have two choices(选择) t oday. You can choose to be happy or you can choose to be unhappy. ’I choose to be happy. Each time something bad happens, I can choose to be a victim (牺牲品)or I can choose to learn from it. I choose to learn from it. ”Life is all about choices. Please rem ember: “You are what you 10 . ”1. A. positive B. negative C. strange2. A. be B. is C. were3. A. unlucky B. unhealthy C. unusual4. A. attitude B. ticket C. answer5. A. laughs at B. encourages C. annoys6. A. find B. make C. regard7. A. but B. because C. so8. A. at the time B. at times C. all the time9. A. wake up B. stand up C. cheer up10. A. born B. choose C. learn模拟二The 30th Olympic Games took place in London from July to August in 2012. Luckily, Chinese 1 fans could watch the exciting games in 3D on TV.When you watch 3D movies or TV, you have to wear a(n) 2 pairof glasses. The 3D glasses make the pictures from the screen 3they are there in the room with you.3D means having three dimensions(维度): width, height and depth.3D technology is similar to the way that the human brain and eyeswork. 4 the pupils(瞳孔) of a person’s eyes are about 6. 5 cm apar t, when we look at something, each eye sees it from a different angle (角度). Our eyes 5 the two pictures to our brain, and the brain puts them together. The small 6 between the picture from the right eye and the picture from the left eye allows us to see depth(立体感).When we 7 pictures in two dimensions, each eye gets the same information. That is because the picture has no real depth, and there is only one way of looking at it. A 3D movie or TV needs two film projectors(放映机). One projects a left eye picture and the other projects a right eye picture. The 3D glasses allow us to see 8 picture in each eye.While one 9 3D films, he feels that he is actually in the same environment as the things he’s watching. 10 , it also has its disadvantages. People with eye problems may get headaches if they spend too much time watching 3D movies.1. A. ball game B. music C. sports2. A. expensive B. special C. mysterious3. A. like B. look like C. sound4. A. So B. Because C. Though5. A. take B. lend C. send6. A. difference B. pupil C. angle7. A. look B. look at C. draw8. A. the same B. a similar C. a different9. A. watch B. watches C. is watching10. A. Whenever B. However C. Whatever模拟三Two brothers worked together on a farm. One was married and had a large 1 . The other had no wife yet. Although they lived in different houses, they shared everything they got from their farm.One day, the single brother said to himself, “It’s n ot 2 that we share all the rice. I’m 3 and I need less than my brother. ” So, every night he took a bag of rice from his store-room and 4 across the field 5 their houses, putting it into his brother’s store-room.At the same time, the married bro ther thought, “It’s not fair to share all the rice. I’m married and I have my wife and children to 6 me when I am 7 . However, my brother has no one to take care of his 8 . ” So, each night he also took a bag of rice and put it into his brother’s sto re-room.Several months passed by. They found 9 strange that their rice never became less. Then, one dark night the two brothers ran into each other. Slowly they began to understand what was happening. Their bags fell onto the ground and tears 10 their eyes at once.1. A. group B. family C. class2. A. right B. popular C. interesting3. A. poor B. happy C. alone4. A. jumped B. played C. went5. A. from B. through C. between6. A. look after B. look for C. look out7. A. worried B. old C. healthy8. A. hope B. children C. future9. A. them B. this C. it10. A. appeared B. filled C. dropped模拟四The question was once asked of a highly successful businessman, “How have you done so much in your lifetime? ”He replied, “I have 1 . I have turned my mind free to imagine 2 I wanted to do. Then I have gone to bed and thought about my dreams. In the night I dreamed about my dreams. And when I awoke in the morning, I saw the way 3 my dreams. While 4 people were saying, ‘You can’t do that, it is 5 , ’I was well on my way to achieving what I wanted. ”As Woodrow Wilson, 28th President o f the U. S. , said, “We grow great by dreams. All big men are 6 . ”They see things in the soft fog of a spring day, or in the red fire 7 a long winter’s evening. Some of us 8 these dreams die, but others feed, protect and look after them; keep them through bad days until they bring them to the sunshine and light, it comes 9 to the people who sincerely hope that their dreams will come true.So please, don’t let anyone steal your dreams, 10 try to tell you they are too impossible.“Sing your songs, dream your dreams, and hope your hope. ”1. A. dreamed B. changed C. learned2. A. how B. what C. which3. A. to make B. to realize C. to achieve4. A. another B. the other C. other5. A. possible B. impossible C. important6. A. dreams B. dreamer C. dreamers7. A. on B. in C. at8. A. had B. let C. kept9. A. never B. sometimes C. always10. A. or B. and C. but模拟五Li Dong is a farmer. He has a very big 1 . On the farm, he grows oranges, grapes and bananas. Many people come to 2 his farm. He is a successful young man and becomes very famous.In 2009, he went back to his hometown 3 he finished middle scho ol. “What work can I do? ” he said to himself. Then he had an idea. “I’m interested 4 farming. I can grow fruit! ” He began to watch many 5 on TV about growing fruit. He also read a lot of books about it. Then he went to 6 on Mr. Wang’s farm for two years. He learned a lot there.In 2011, he started his own fruit farm. 7 , Li Dong’s farm was small. But now, his farm is much 8 . His fruits are very good. He sends them to many big 9 in China, such as Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. He also grows vegetables and raises chickens on his farm. His family eats very 10 food. He has a very happy family.1. A. farm B. park C. school2. A. look B. take C. visit3. A. since B. after C. though4. A. in B. on C. at5. A. games B. concerts C. programmes6. A. see B. play C. work7. A. At last B. At that time C. At this moment8. A. big B. bigger C. the biggest9. A. villages B. schools C. cities10. A. healthy B. bad C. terrible模拟六A new supermarket put on a notice at the entrance. It said, “Remember, once a week, one of our customers will get 1 goods. This may be your lucky day. ” All the housewives 2 went to the supermarket wanted to be the lucky customer.In the following several weeks, Mrs Black 3 did shopping in the same supermarket. Unlike many other customers, she never 4 hope. Her kitchen was full of things that she did not need. She dreamed of the 5 when the manager of the supermarket would come and say t o her, “Madam, this is your lucky day and 6 in your basket is free. ”One Friday morning, after she finished her shopping and had taken all the things 7 her car, she realized that she had forgotten to buy some tea. She went back to the 8 to buy the tea. As she was waiting at the cashier(收银台), the manager of the supermarket came to 9 and said, “Congratulations. Madam! You are our lucky customer and all that you 10 in your basket is free! ”1. A. bad B. heavy C. free2. A. who B. which C. whom3. A. never B. always C. sometimes4. A. gave out B. gave up C. gave in5. A. day B. week C. month6. A. thing B. something C. everything7. A. from B. on C. to8. A. school B. supermarket C. car9. A. him B. she C. her10. A. put B. putting C. puts模拟七There was a boy in India who was sent to a boarding school by his parents. 1 being sent away this boy was the best student in his class. 2 the boy changed when he went to the boarding school. His grades started dropping. He 3 being in a group. He was lonely(孤独的) all the time. And sometimes he even felt like killing 4 . All of this was because he felt that no one loved him.His parents started 5 the boy. So his dad decided to travel to the school and talk with him.They sat on the beach near the school. The father started asking him casual questions about his classes, teachers and sports. After some time his dad said, “Do you know 6 I am here today, my dear son? ”The boy answered back, “To check my grades. ”“No, no, I don’t care about y our 7 . ”His dad replied. “I am here to tell you that you are the most important person for me. I only care about you, I only want to see you 8 . YOU ARE MY LIFE. ”These words 9 the boy’s eyes to be filled with tears (泪水). He hugged(拥抱) his dad. They didn’t say anything to each other for a long time.Now the boy knew there was 10 on the earth who cared for him deeply. He meant the world to someone. And today this young man is one of the best students in the university and no one has ever seen him sad!1. A. After B. Before C. By2. A. But B. And C. Although3. A. liked B. enjoyed C. hated4. A. yourself B. herself C. himself5. A. worrying about B. laughing at C. giving up6. A. how B. when C. why7. A. sports B. classes C. grades8. A. awful B. happy C. hard-working9. A. caused B. allowed C. taught10. A. nobody B. someone C. anyone模拟八I sat down to read under an old tree in the park. I felt my life was 1 , for my whole world was dark.A young boy ran up to me, out of 2 . He stood right before me with his head down and said excitedly, “Look what I found! ” In his hand was a fl ower, and what a poor sight! The flower was dry and 3 . I gave him a small smile and then turned my eyes away so that he could take his dry flower and go off to play.However, he sat next to my side and placed the flower to his 4 and said in surprise, “It smells sweet and it’s beautiful, too. That’s why I picked it. Here, it’s for you. ” The flower before me was dead. But I knew I must 5 it, or he might never leave. So I accepted the flower, and replied, “This is j ust what I 6 . ” Just then, for th e first time I noticed that the boy could not 7 －he was blind.Tears(眼泪) came down my face as I thanked him for picking the best one. “You’re welcome, ” he smiled, and then ran off to 8 . I sat there and wondered how he was able to learn about my pain(痛苦).Through the eyes of a blind child, 9 I could see the problem was not with the world; the problem was me. And for all those years I myself had been blind. I decided to see the beauty in life, and 10 every second of my life. And then I held that dry flower up to my nose and breathed in the smell of a beautiful rose.1. A. hopeless B. colourful C. simple2. A. mind B. trouble C. breath3. A. dead B. fresh C. alive4. A. head B. nose C. ear5. A. buy B. sell C. accept6. A. admire B. dislike C. want7. A. see B. speak C. smile8. A. sleep B. study C. play9. A. at most B. at last C. at first10. A. waste B. enjoy C. lose模拟九Do you know Federer? He is one of the 1 tennis players in theworld. He was born in Basel, Switzerland 2 August 8, 1981. He is 1.85 m tall. Now he is not only a Swiss but also a South African. He 3Swiss German, German, French and English well, and Swiss German is his4 language. When he was a child, he also played badminton andbasketball.Federer’s great success as a junior(初级的) 5 came at Wimbledonin 1998, where he won both the boys’ singles and doubles. He ended1998 as the junior No. 1 in the world. Federer faced Lucas Arnold Ker in his first professional match and 6 4-6, 4-6. Federer’s first win was at the 2001 Milan Indoor match, where he 7 Julien Boutter, 6-4, 6-7, 6-4. Federer made 10 singles final matches 8 1998 and 2002—he won four and lost six. During 2004, Federer won three Grand Slam singles titles for the first time and became the first person to do so since Mats Wilander in 1988. And this year he 9 No. 1 in the world.In Basel on April 11, 2009, Federer got married to Mirka Vavrinec 10 used to be a tennis player. They both 11 Switzerland and got to know each other in the 2000 Sydney Olympics. Mirka retired in 2002 12 her injured foot, and in July, 2009, Mirka gave 13 to twin girls, Myla Rose and Charlene Riva.Federer is also a 14 man. He supports a number of charities. He 15 the Roger Federer Foundation(基金) in 2003 to help poor people and to help the progress of sports.1. A. well-known B. better-known C. best-known2. A. on B. at C. in3. A. speaks B. talks C. says4. A. nature B. native C. nation5. A. coach B. actor C. player6. A. lose B. lost C. win7. A. beat B. won C. fought8. A. between B. during C. since9. A. changed B. got C. became10. A. what B. which C. who11. A. played for B. lived in C. born in12. A. instead of B. because of C. by the time13. A. life B. birth C. births14. A. rich B. poor C. kind15. A. set up B. got up C. gave up模拟十When Amy wrote her first novel in middle school, she never imagined that she would become a writer one day. Like many 1 writers on the Intern et, the 2 woman got into this online world by accident.Three years ago, Amy worked in a medical factory. Her job kept her busy for six months and left her almost 3 to do for the rest of the year. To fill the time, she started writing 4 on the Internet. Her first novel was about her neighbors and their life 5 she is familiar with.Amy has been interested in writing 6 she was a child. At first, she just wanted to share her novels 7 people she knew. Then one day an editor of a famous website emailed her, asking her 8 she would like to sell the electronic copyright(授权) of one of her novels. She 9 at once and the novel was moved to the VIP section of the website. She got $ 1, 500 for that.Now Amy is a full-time 10 . So far her eight novels have come out online, and five of them 11 . “The Internet made me famous and brought me 12 , ” she said. “I make much more money now—about $60, 000 a year. I am 13 with my career(事业), but there is one problem — that my talent might run out after five years and I’ll have to 14 to work in the medical factory. ” “Before that day comes, I’ll keep 15 for the readers with my light and close-to-everyday-life writing style, ” said Amy with a smile.1. A. other B. others C. another2. A. 28-year-old B. 28-years-old C. 28 years old3. A. something B. anything C. nothing4. A. reports B. novels C. diaries5. A. who B. which C. that6. A. when B. while C. since7. A. about B. of C. with8. A. that B. if C. why9. A. agreed B. disagreed C. refused10. A. housewife B. editor C. writer11. A. will print B. were printing C. were printed12. A. success B. succeed C. successful13. A. unhappy B. proud C. satisfied14. A. come B. go C. return15. A. to write B. writing C. write答案解析模拟一1.【解析】选A。
苏教版化学必修1：专题2 专题综合检测
解析：选C。①应生成Fe2＋，②还应该生成Cu(OH)2沉淀，③Ca(HCO3)2是强电解质应拆开，④Cu(OH)2是难溶物，不能拆开。
二、非选择题(本题包括5小题，共55分)
16．(14分)过氧化钠能与二氧化碳反应，在“神七”的航天舱中、在宇航员太空漫步时穿的航天服中、在潜艇中均使用过氧化钠作制氧剂，供人呼吸之用。某学生选用大理石、盐酸和一定量过氧化钠药品设计实验，验证这一事实。
15．以下离子方程式书写错误的是()
①铁跟稀硫酸反应：2Fe＋6H＋===2Fe3＋＋3H2↑
②硫酸铜溶液与氢氧化钡溶液反应：Ba2＋＋SO===BaSO4↓
③碳酸氢钙溶液跟盐酸反应：Ca(HCO3)2＋2H＋===Ca2＋＋2H2O＋2CO2↑
④氢氧化铜中加入盐酸：OH－＋H＋===H2O
A．①②④B．①③
13．将0.4 g NaOH和1.06 g Na2CO3混合并配成溶液，向溶液中滴加0.1 mol·L－1稀盐酸。下列图像能正确表示加入盐酸的体积和生成CO2物质的量的关系是()
解析：选C。n(NaOH)＝＝0.01 mol，n(Na2CO3)＝＝0.01 mol。向NaOH和Na2CO3混合溶液中滴加盐酸时，首先和NaOH反应生成NaCl和H2O，滴入0.1 L时，两者恰好反应完全；继续滴加时，盐酸和Na2CO3开始反应，首先发生反应：HCl＋Na2CO3===NaHCO3＋NaCl，不放出气体，当再加入0.1 L盐酸时，此步反应进行完全；再继续滴加时，发生反应：NaHCO3＋HCl===NaCl＋H2O＋CO2↑，此时开始放出气体，分析图像可知选C。
A．在反应中水被氧化成氧气
B．该反应中水是氧化剂
C．每生成1 mol I2，转移的电子数为1 mol
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专题综合检测（三）（时间：60 分钟，满分：100 分）一、选择题（本题包括12 小题，每小题 5 分，共60 分）1．下列说法正确的是（）A •强电解质溶液的导电能力一定比弱电解质溶液的导电能力强B•因为CH3C00H是弱电解质，HCI是强电解质，所以中和等体积、等物质的量浓度的醋酸和盐酸时，中和醋酸消耗的NaOH 比盐酸消耗的NaOH 用量少C.足量Zn分别和等体积、等物质的量浓度的盐酸和醋酸反应时，产生H2的量相同，放出H2的速率不等D .物质的量浓度相同的醋酸钠溶液和醋酸溶液中CH3COO「的物质的量浓度相同解析：选C。
电解质的强弱在于能否完全电离，与导电能力的强弱无必然联系。
强电解质稀溶液中溶质虽完全电离，但离子浓度小，导电能力也会很弱，所以 A 错误；弱电解质在溶液中虽不完全电离，但存在电离平衡。
溶液中电离出的离子浓度可能较小，但消耗离子后可通过平衡移动补充。
所以，在相同条件下提供离子能力是同等的，故等物质的量浓度、等体积的盐酸和醋酸消耗NaOH的量是相同的，与Zn反应产生H2是等量的，所以B错误、C 正确；D 选项中醋酸钠是强电解质，完全电离，而醋酸是弱酸，不完全电离，产生的CH 3C00-肯定比等条件下的醋酸钠少，所以D错误。
2•下列叙述中不能证明一元酸HA是弱电解质的方法是（）A .测得0.1 mol/L HA 的pH>1B .测得NaA溶液的pH>7C. pH = 1的HA溶液与盐酸稀释100倍后，盐酸的pH变化大D .足量锌与相同pH、相同体积的盐酸和HA溶液反应，产生的氢气一样多解析：选D。
A.测得0.1 mol/L HA的pH > 1,说明HA没有完全电离，A正确；B.测得NaA溶液的pH >7,说明溶液中存在A-的水解，HA为弱电解质，B正确；C.pH = 1的HA 溶液与盐酸，稀释100倍后，盐酸的pH 变化大，说明HA 没有完全电离，加水稀释促进电离，HA为弱电解质，C正确；D.用足量锌分别与相同pH、相同体积的盐酸和HA溶液反应，产生的氢气一样多,说明HA 为强电解质,与题目不符, D 错误。
3. 向三份1 mol/L Na 2CO3溶液中分别加入少量NH4CI、Na2S、FeCb固体（忽略溶液体积变化），则CO2「浓度的变化依次为（）第 1 页A .减小、增大、减小B .增大、减小、减小C.减小、增大、增大D•增大、减小、增大解析：选A。
NH才、Fe3+水解使溶液呈酸性，对CO3-的水解有促进作用；S2-水解使溶液显碱性，对CO®的水解有抑制作用，故在Na2CO3溶液中加入NH4CI、FeCl3固体时，CO3-的浓度减小，加入Na2S固体时CO3-的浓度增大。
4. 常温下，将NH4NO3溶于水得无色溶液，为使该溶液中的C(NH4) : C(NO3)= 1 : 1,可以采取的下列措施是( )A •加入适量的HNO3,抑制NH；水解B .加入适量的氨水，使溶液的pH等于7C.加入适量的NH4NO3D .加入适量的NaOH，使溶液的pH等于7解析：选B。
因为NH才部分水解使NH4NO3溶液中c(NH才)：(NO j)<1 : 1，要使C(N H才)：C(NO S-) = 1 1，可通过抑制水解达到目的。
A中增加了NO「B中根据电荷守恒C(N H才)+ C(H + )= c(NO j) + C(OH—)，又pH = 7,贝U c(NH才)=c(NO j); C 中增加NH4NO3 的浓度，其比值依然小于 1 : 1; D中由电荷守恒：C(NO— ) + C(OH -) = C(H + )+ c(NH才)+ c(Na+ ),因为pH =乙显然C(NO—)丰c(NH才)。
5. 已知同浓度的HF的酸性比H2SO3的酸性弱，判断在等浓度的NaF、NaHSO?混合溶液中,各种粒子浓度关系正确的是( )A . C(HSO3) > C(F—) > C(OH—)——＋B. c(F—)>c(HSO3—)> c(H＋)C. C(HF) + C(F— )= C(HSO3)+C(H2SO3)＋＋———D. c(Na ) + C(H ) = C(HSO3)+ C(F ) + C(OH )解析：选A。
根据酸性强弱关系可知：酸根的水解程度F-> HSO—，所以A项正确、B项错误；溶液中的物料守恒关系为C(HF) + C(F—) = C(HSO— )+ C(H2SO3) + C(SO2—), C项错误；溶液中的电荷守恒关系为c(Na +)+ C(H + )= C(HSO— )+ C(F-)+ C(OH-)+ 2C(SO2—), D 项错误。
6. 用已知浓度的盐酸滴定未知浓度的氢氧化钠溶液时，下列实验操作会引起测量结果偏高的是( )第 2 页①用天平称量NaOH 固体，将小烧杯放在右盘，砝码放在左盘，并移动游码，使之平②配制烧碱溶液时，将称量后的NaOH固体溶于水，立即移入容量瓶，将洗涤烧杯的液体注入容量瓶后，加蒸馏水至刻度线③中和滴定时，锥形瓶内有少量水④酸式滴定管用蒸馏水洗后，未用标准液洗⑤读取滴定管终点读数时，仰视刻度线A .①②③B .②④⑤C.③④⑤ D .①②③④⑤解析：选B。
①称量药品时应遵循“左物右码”原则，因游码质量总是加到右盘上，故题中操作实验少称了NaOH固体，所配溶液浓度偏低，消耗V标减小，使测定结果偏低。
②由于NaOH溶于水时会放出大量的热，若趁热在容量瓶中定容，恢复至室温时溶液体积将减小，NaOH溶液浓度将增大，滴定同体积的NaOH时，消耗V标增大，使测定结果偏高。
④V标偏高，测定结果偏高。
⑤ V标偏高，测定结果偏高，故应选②④⑤。
7. 下列说法正确的是()A . KCIO3和SO3溶于水后能导电，故KCIO3和SO3为电解质B. 25 C 时，用醋酸溶液滴定等浓度NaOH溶液至pH = 7, V醋酸<V W OHC. 向NaAIO2溶液中滴加NaHCO s溶液，有沉淀和气体生成D. AgCI 沉淀易转化为AgI 沉淀且K sp(AgX) = c(Ag +) c(X「)，故K sp(Agl)< K sp(AgCI)解析：选D。
SO3溶于水能导电，是因为SO3 + H2O===H2SO4, H2SO4电离导电，SO3不属于电解质，A不正确；等浓度醋酸溶液与NaOH溶液等体积混合后，二者恰好中和时溶液显碱性，只有醋酸溶液稍过量时所得溶液才可显中性，B不正确；AIO2-与HCO j在溶液中反应生成AI(OH) 3和CO3-, C不正确；难溶物向更难溶物转化较易实现，D正确。
&已知温度T时水的离子积常数为K w，该温度下，将浓度为a mol - L 一1的一元酸HA与b mol - L "的一元碱BOH等体积混合，可判定该溶液呈中性的依据是()A. a= bB .混合溶液的pH = 7C.混合溶液中，c(H +)=1 K w mol - L"D .混合溶液中，c(H +)+ c(B +)= c(OH「) + c(A「)解析：选C。
因为一元酸和一元碱的强弱未知，所以不可依据a= b判断溶液的酸碱性，第 3 页A项错误。
只有25 C时中性溶液的pH = 7 B项错误。
K w = c(H +) c(OH -),中性溶液中第4页c(H + )= c(OH-),所以c(H +) = .K w mol L -1, C项正确。
无论溶液显酸性、碱性还是中性,根据电荷守恒都有c(H +) + c(B +) = c(OH -)+ c(A-), D项错误。
9. 25 C时，在等体积的①pH = 0的H2SO4溶液，②0.05 mol/L的Ba(OH) 2溶液，③pH=10的Na2S溶液，④pH = 5的NH4NO3溶液中，发生电离的水的物质的量之比是()A. 1 ：10 ：1010: 109B. 1 : 5 : 5X 109: 5 X 108C. 1 : 20 : 1010: 109D. 1 : 10 : 104: 109解析：选A。
酸或碱抑制水的电离，且酸性越强或碱性越强，抑制的程度就越大；能发生水解的盐能促进水的电离。
由题意知①、②、③、④中发生电离的水的物质的量分别是10- 14V mol、10-13V mol、10-、mol、10-5V mol，所以选项A 正确。
10. 常温下，下列各组离子在相应的条件下可能大量共存的是()2 — + — +A .能使pH试纸变红的溶液中：CO3、K、Cl、NaB. 由水电离产生的c(OH -)= 1 X 10-10 mol • L-1的溶液中：NO3、Mg"、Na+> SO4-c ( OH )C 在一 =1X 1012的溶液中：NH；、Fe"、Cl-、NO3c (H )D. K^= 10-10的溶液中：Na；、Cl-、HCO3、K；c ( H )解析：选B。
能使pH试纸变红的溶液呈酸性，H+与CO2-不能大量共存，A项错误；溶液中由水电离产生的c(OH -) = 1 X 10-10 mol L- j可看出该溶液中水的电离受到抑制，溶液可能呈酸性也可能呈碱性，酸性条件可以大量共存；碱性条件下，Mg2+与OH-不能大量共存，B项正确；c(OH= 1X 1012的溶液呈碱性，OH-与NH；、Fe2；不能大量共存，Cc (H；)项错误；一Kw= 10-10的溶液呈酸性，H；与HCO-不能大量共存，D项错误。
c (H；)11. (2019 高考全国卷I )298 K 时，在20.0 mL 0.10 mol L 0.10 mol L -1的盐酸，溶液的pH与所加盐酸的体积关系如图所示。
mol L 1氨水的电离度为1.32%，下列有关叙述正确的是()A •该滴定过程应选择酚酞作为指示剂第5页B. M点对应的盐酸体积为20.0 mLC. M 点处的溶液中c(NH4)= c(Cl -) = c(H ；)= c(OH -)D. N点处的溶液中pH<12解析：选D。
当恰好完全中和时，生成NH4CI，而NH4CI溶液呈酸性，酚酞的变色范第6页围为pH = 8.2〜10.0，甲基橙的变色范围为pH = 3.1〜4.4,故应选甲基橙作指示剂，A项错误；当V(盐酸)=20.0 mL时，恰好完全反应，溶液呈酸性，B项错误；M点时由溶液中电荷守恒知c(NH才)+ c(H +) = c(C|-)+ c(OH -), 298 K时，pH为7的溶液呈中性，即c(H +) =c(OH -),贝U c(NH 才)=c(Cl -)，但c(NH 才)=c(Cl-)? c(H + )= c(OH -), C 项错误；该温度下，0.10 mol L-1一元强碱溶液的pH = 13,若0.10 mol L-1一元弱碱溶液的电离度为10%,则其pH = 12，而0.10 mol L-1氨水的电离度小于10%，故溶液的pH<12 , D项正确。