高考英语第二轮总复习提升突破专题07 阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题(测)
高考英语复习专题阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题
专题7 阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题班级姓名学号分数（测试时间：45分钟）1.The production of coffee beans is a huge，profitable business，but，unfortunately，fullsun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shad egrown p roduction to fullsun production endangers the very existence of，certain animals and birds，and even disturbs the world's ecological balance.On a local level，the damage of the forest required by fullsun fields affects the area's birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种) that depend on the trees' flowers and fruits.Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result，many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level，the destru ction of the rainforest for fullsun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life，and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition，new coffeegrow ing techniq ues are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.Both locally and globally, the continued spread of fullsun coffee plantations(种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate，and studies show that the loss of o xygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover，the new growing techniq ues are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life，from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shadegrown coffee whenever possible，although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?【推理关系】题干Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?☞文章内容本文的第一段提出观点，其后的第二、三、四段分别从不同角度进行具体论证，最后一段是总结段。
高考阅读二轮复习---篇章结构题
1.问段落结构
（选出最佳选项并总结解题思路）
I was never neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled(贴标 签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other. War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I hear her screaming, “take you shoes away! Why under my bed!” deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.(2014重庆，A) 1. How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed? A. by analyzing the causes. B. by showing differences. C. by describing a process. D. by following time order.
existing efforts have largely ignored the ways that...
新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第4讲题型破解__主旨大意
考点3 段落大意题辨明题类段落大意题主要考查文章某一段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。
考生要用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。
设问形式常有：(1)What is the first paragraph mainly about?(2)What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?(3)What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?技法点拨1．定位段落主题句，做到首尾兼顾做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。
一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下判断主旨，其准确性更高。
2．通过暗示揣摩段落大意有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
真题体验(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷D)On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect．The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate．This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same．Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate．When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate．If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out．In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent．If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down．But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon．The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number ofindependent individuals．For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals．In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion．Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response．Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”．Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error．Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous．32．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about？A．The methods of estimation．B．The underlying logic of the effect．C．The causes of people's errors．D．The design of Galton's experiment．【解题示范】第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词：Paragraph 2，快速将解题信息定位到文章的第二段；第二步：根据段落的内容，分析选项，判断概括准确的选项：根据“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same．Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate．When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate．If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out．In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent．If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down．(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。
专题07阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题(讲)2019年高考英语二轮复习含解析
2019届高三二轮复习英语精品资料【讲案】专题- 阅渎理解IV：篇章结构题【构建知识体系】篇章结构题B【2018 •天津卷】When I was 17, I read a magaz ine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercoloristnamed Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunnySaturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, "Do you have the address? ""No, but ni recog nize it,there was a picture in the magaz ine.""Oh, stop. There it is! ”The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us."May I help you?" a man asked. "No, "I said. "We're fine. ” Tour guides got on my n erves. What if they tlong time about a pain ti ng you were n't that in terested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed verynosy（爱窥探的）,keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Sudde nly I sen sed a man sta nding beh ind me. "Where do you think you are? " he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay ArtMuseum!" He smiled, shaki ng his head. "Sorry, the McNay is on New Braun fels Street." "What place? ” I asked, still con fused. "Well, it's our home." My heart jolted震颤）.I raced to the staircase and called out, "Sally! Come dow n immediately!""There's some really good stuff（艺术作品）up there." She stepped dow n, I ook ing con fused. I pushed her toward the front door, wavi ng at the family, say ing, "Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place." Outside, whe n I told Sally what happe ned, she covered her mouth, laugh ing. She could n't believe how long they let us look around without say ing anything.The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, i n case anything else unu sual happe ned.Thirty years later, a woma n approached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did you ever en ter a reside nee, I ong ago, thin ki ng it was the McNay Museum?""Yes. But how do you know? We n ever told anyon e.""That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I n ever felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feeli ngs about my home cha nged after that. I've always wan ted to tha nk you."44. Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?A. The real museum lacked eno ugh artwork to in terest her.B. She was too upset to spe nd much time at the real museum.C. The McNay was disappo inting compared with the house.D. The event happe ning in the house was more sig ni fica nt.【答案】44. D【解析】本文杲一篇记叙文°文童作者和朋友原MoXay博物管，到了之后参观的时候」发现很多人奇怪的看看她，最后才发现自己误将一个私人住宅当成\kNdy博物馆。
高考英语-阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题(测)-专题练习(七)有答案
高考英语专题练习（七）阅读理解Ⅳ:篇章结构题（测）There are many places to go on safari（观赏野生动物）in Africa, but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana’s Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world’s most exciting wildlife journeys.Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure, providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta. The camps have excellent horses, professional guides and lots of support workers. They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.The morning ride, when the guides take you to beautiful, shallow lakes full of water lilies, tends to be more active. It is unlike any other riding experience. With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face, it is truly exciting. You are very likely to come across large wild animals, too. On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants, giraffes and many other animals. The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though, as does your heart rate, as you move closer to them.In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace, with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink. Sedate though they are, rides at this time of day are still very impress ive. As the sun’s rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes to life.Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine. Looking back on your day, you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild.2．The author introduces the riding experience in the Okavango Delta mainly by________.A．following space orderB．following time orderC．making classificationsD．giving examples3．Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys （调查）on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.In the context（背景）of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible? Probably not. On the other hand, does thepossibility of f requent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn’t present a generation ago? Many studies show that older parents —today’s grandparents — would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.3．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?（）4．【贵州省遵义航天高级中学高三第四次模拟】When should people be made to retire? 55? 65? Should there be a compulsory age limit?Many old people work well into their 70s and 80s, running families, countries or corporations. Other people, however, despite being fit and highly talented, are forced to retire in their fifties or even earlier because of the regulations of a company or the nation. This essay will examine whether people should be allowed to continue working as long as they want or whether they should be encouraged to retire at a particular stage.Some people think there are several arguments for allowing older people to continue working as long as they are able. First of all, older employees have an immense amount of knowledge and experience which can be lost to abusiness or organization if they are made to retire. A second point is that older employees are often extremely loyal employees and are more willing to carry out company policies than younger less committed staff. However, a more important point is regarding the attitudes in society to old people. To force someone to resign or retire at 60 indicates that the society does not value the input of these people and that effectively their useful life is over. Age is irrelevant to a working life, surely if older employees are told they cannot work after 60, this is age discrimination. That they become old does not necessarily mean they are going to be sick. Old people could be more aware, experienced and committed than some youngsters.Others, however, think that allowing older people to work indefinitely is not a good policy. Age alone is no guarantee of ability. Old people are only ambitious workaholics who are too selfish and self-centered to believe that a younger person could do better. Actually, many younger employees have more experience or skills than older staff, who may have been stuck in one area or unit for most of their working lives. Having compulsory retirement allows new ideas in an organization. In addition, without age limits, however, many people would continue to work purely because they did not have any other plans or roles. A third point of view is that older people should be rewarded by society for their life’s labor by being given generous pensi ons and the freedom to enjoy their leisure. We now have youngsters who can’t find jobs because old people are choosing not to retire. Old people are not retiring because this new generation of “old people” think they will never die due to modern advances i n medicine.With many young people unemployed or frustrated in low-level positions, there are often calls to compulsorily retire older workers. However, this can affect the older individual’s freedom and right to work and can deprive（剥夺）society of valuable experience and insights. I feel that giving workers more flexibility and choice over their retirement age will benefit society and the individual.4．The passage is arranged as follows ________5．【陕西省咸阳市武功县高三上学期摸底考试】Salvador Dali （1904-1989）was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities（无限）. “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration（合作）with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg.5．How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali? ________A．By popularityB．By time and subject.C．By size and shapeD．By importance.阅读理解Ⅳ:篇章结构题（测）答案1~5 ABBAB阅读理解Ⅳ:篇章结构题（测）解析1．【文章大意】随着现代科技的发展，树荫下种植的咖啡产量越来越少，取而代之的是受到阳光暴晒的考费。
高三二轮复习英语精品资料 专题07 阅读理解ⅳ：篇章结构题(测) word版含解析
班级姓名学号分数（测试时间：45分钟）1.【贵州省遵义航天高级中学2016届高三第四次模拟，D】When should people be made to retire? 55? 65? Should there be a compulsory age limit?Many old people work well into their 70s and 80s, running families, countries or corporations. Other people, however, despite being fit and highly talented, are forced to retire in their fifties or even earlier because of the regulations of a company or the nation. This essay will examine whether people should be allowed to continue working as long as they want or whether they should be encouraged to retire at a particular stage.Some people think there are several arguments for allowing older people to continue working as long as they are able. First of all, older employees have an immense amount of knowledge and experience which can be lost to a business or organization if they are made to retire. A second point is that older employees are often extremely loyal employees and are more willing to carry out company policies than younger less committed staff. However, a more important point is regarding the attitudes in society to old people. To force someone to resign or retire at 60 indicates that the society does not value the input of these people and that effectively their useful life is over. Age is irrelevant to a working life, surely if older employees are told they cannot work after 60, this is age discrimination. That they become old does not necessarily mean they are going to be sick. Old people could be more aware, experienced and committed than some youngsters.Others, however, think that allowing older people to work indefinitely is not a good policy. Age alone is no guarantee of ability. Old people are only ambitious workaholics who are too selfish and self-centered to believe that a younger personcould do better. Actually, many younger employees have more experience or skills than older staff, who may have been stuck in one area or unit for most of their working lives. Having compulsory retirement allows new ideas in an organization. In addition, without age limits, however, many people would continue to work purely because they did not have any other plans or roles. A third point of view is that older people should be rewarded by society fo r their life’s labor by being given generous pensions and the freedom to enjoy their leisure. We now have youngsters who can’t find jobs because old people are choosing not to retire. Old people are not retiring because this new generation of “old people” think they will never die due to modern advances in medicine.With many young people unemployed or frustrated in low-level positions, there are often calls to compulsorily retire older workers. However, this can affect the older individual’s freedom and ri ght to work and can deprive(剥夺) society of valuable experience and insights. I feel that giving workers more flexibility and choice over their retirement age will benefit society and the individual.35. The passage is arranged as follows:【答案】 35．A2.【陕西省咸阳市武功县2016届高三上学期摸底考试，C】Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and project s for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg.25.How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?A. By popularity.B. By time and subject.C. By size and shape.D. By importance.【答案】25. B【解析】试题分析：本文主要介绍了最受欢迎的现代艺术家萨尔瓦多·达利的艺术作品在巴黎蓬皮杜艺术中心展览的细节。
新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习小题天天必练阅读理解题型分类练四
阅读理解题型分类练(四) 推理判断题——推断隐含意义类A[2023·石家庄市教学质量检测] Throughout all the events in my life, one in particular sticks out more than the others. As I reflect on this significant event, a smile spreads across my face. As I think of Shanda, I feel loved and grateful.It was my twelfth year of dancing, I thought it would end up like any other year: stuck in emptiness, forgotten and without the belief of any teacher or friend that I really had the potential to achieve greatness.However, I met Shanda, a young, talented choreographer (编舞者). She influenced me to work to the best of my ability, pushed me to keep going when I wanted to give up, encouraged me and showed me the real importance of dancing. Throughout our hard work, not only did my ability to dance grow, but my friendship with Shanda grew as well.With the end of the year came our show time. As I walked to a backstage filled with other dancers, I hoped for a good performance that would prove my improvement.I waited anxiously for my turn. Finally, after what seemed like days, the loudspeaker announced my name. Butterflies filled my stomach as I took trembling steps onto the big lighted stage. But, with the determination to succeed and eagerness to live up to Shanda, expectations for me, I began to dance. All my troubles and nerves went away as I danced my whole heart out.As I walked up to the judge to receive my first place shining gold trophy (奖杯), I realized that dance is not about becoming the best. It was about loving dance for dance itself, a getaway from all my problems in the world. Shanda showed me that you could let everything go and just dance what you feel at that moment. After all the doubts that people had in me, I believed in myself and did not care what others thought. Thanks to Shanda, dance became more than a love of mine, but a passion.1．What did the author think her dancing would be for the twelfth year?A．A change for the better.B．A disappointment as before.C．A proof of her potential.D．A pride of her teachers and friends.2．How did Shanda help the author?A．By offering her financial help.B．By entering her in a competition.C．By coaching her for longer hours.D．By awakening her passion for dancing.3．How did the author feel when she stepped on the stage?A．Proud. B．Nervous.C．Scared. D．Relieved.4．What can we learn from the author's story?A．Success lies in patience.B．Fame is a great thirst of the young.C．A good teacher matters.D．A youth is to be treated with respect.B[2023·辽宁省部分学校二模] Almost a decade ago, researchers at Yale University launched a global database called Map of Life to track biodiversity distributions across the planet. Now, the team added a new feature to the database that predicts where species currently unknown to scientists may be hiding.In 2018, ecologist Mario Moura of the Federal University of Paraiba in Brazil teamed up with Yale ecologist Walter Jetz, who took the lead in the initial creation of the Map of Life. The pair set out to identify where 85 percent of Earth's undiscovered species may be. For two years, the team collected information about 32，000 vertebrate (脊椎动物)species. Data on population size, geographical range, historical discovery dates and other biological characteristics were used to create a computer model that estimated where undescribed species might exist today.The model found tropical environments in countries including Brazil, Indonesia, Madagascar, and Colombia house the most undiscovered species. Smaller animals have limited ranges that may be inaccessible, making their detection more difficult. In contrast, larger animals that occupy greater geographic ranges are more likely to be discovered, the researchers explain.“It is striking to see the importance of tropical forests as the birthplace of discoveries, stressing the urgent need to protect tropical forests and address the need of controlling deforestation rate if we want a chance to truly discover our biodiversity，” said Moura.The map comes at a crucial time when Earth is facing a biodiversity crisis. It was reported that there was a 68 percent decrease in vertebrate species populations between 1970 and 2006 and a 94 percent decline in animal populations in the America's tropical subregions. “At the current pace of global environmental change, there is no doubt that many species will go extinct before we have ever learned about their existence and had the chance to consider their fate，” Jetz said.5．What can be learned about the Map of Life?A．It only tracks biodiversity distributions.B．It was initially created by Mario Moura.C．It predicts where undiscovered species exist．D．It managed to locate 85% of the undiscovered species.6．Which factor makes animals easier to discover?A．location. B．species.C．size. D．population.7．What does the underlined word “address” mean in Paragraph 4?A．Tackle. B．Ignore.C．Maintain. D．Postpone.8．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?A．Tropical animal populations have slightly declined.B．The Map of life is significant to protecting biodiversity.C．Tropical forests are the birthplace of many extinct species.D．Many species will undoubtedly go extinct even if discovered.CThis is the digital age, and the advice to managers is clear. If you don't know what ChatGPT is or dislike the idea of working with a robot, enjoy your retirement. So, as for the present you should get for your manager this festive season, a good choice may be anything made of paper. Undoubtedly, it can serve as a useful reminder of where the digital world's limitations lie. Several recent studies highlighted the enduring value of this ancient technology in several different aspects.A study by Vicky Morwitz of Columbia Business School, Yanliu Huang of Drexel University and Zhen Yang of California State University, Fullerton, finds that paper calendars produce different behaviours from digital calendars. Users of oldfashioned calendars made more detailed project plans than those looking at an App, and they were more likely to stick to those plans. Simple dimensions seem to count. The ability to see lots of days at once on a paper calendar matters.Here is another study from Maferima TouréTillery of the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University and Lili Wang of Zhejiang University. In one part of their study, the researchers asked strangers to take a survey. Half the respondents were given a pen and paper to fill out a form; the other half were handed an iPad. When asked for their email address to receive information, those who used paper were much likelier to decide on a positive answer. The researchers believe that people make better decisions on paper because it feels more consequential than a digital screen. Paperandpen respondents were more likely than iPad users to think their choices indicated their characters better.Researchers had other findings. They found shoppers were willing to pay more for reading materials in printed form than those they could only download online. Even the sight of someone handling something can help online sales. Similarly, people browsing(浏览) in a virtualreality(虚拟现实) shop was more willing to buy a Tshirt if they saw their own virtual hand touch it.9．How does the author lead in the topic?A．By telling a story.B．By giving examples.C．By raising questions.D．By describing a situation.10．Why can paper calendars make users stick to plans better?A．They are a better reminder.B．They can show more detailed plans.C.They provide chances for people to practice writing.D．They provide a better view of many days' plans at a time.11．Which of the following did paper influence based on Paragraph 3?A．Decision. B．Sympathy.C．Efficiency. D．Responsibility.12．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．Paper posters will greatly promote sales online.B．Emagazines are thought less valuable than paper ones.C．Seeing others buy will increase one's purchasing desire.D．People prefer items made of paper instead of other materials.[答题区]阅读理解题型分类练(四)A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。
高考英语二轮复习专题0阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题含解析
专题7 阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题【构建知识体系】篇章结构题考点段落层次、写作方法和行文走势2014-2016年全国高考本专题考查分布明细统计年份篇章结构篇目题号主题体裁2016 02015 02014 02013 02012 1 全国卷Ⅰ，D 过度学习议论文【考纲解读】考试大纲要求考纲解读要求考生阅读4篇短文，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。
题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。
体裁多样，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。
考查主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、篇章结构等题型。
篇章结构题的考查对象是整个篇章或其中的某个段落。
考查同学们在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的方法进行推测、归纳和总结的能力。
【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向[2012·全国卷Ⅰ，D]Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as childrenbut hav e never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and sti ll ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试) increase the length of time we w ill remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule th at we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon t o forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.68.The author explains the law of over learning by_________.A. presenting research findingsB. setting down general rulesC. making a comparisonD. using examples【答案】68. D【解析】【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，很少出现此类题型，但这一题型在地方高考和模拟试题中时有出现，因此不排除2017年全国高考试题可能会①设置1道篇章结构题，考查考生对整个篇章或其中的某个段落结构和脉络的把握。
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专题7阅读理解IV：篇章结构（测试时间：45分钟）1.【2020届山东省淄博市高三下学期一模】The production of coffee beans is a huge,profitable business,but,unfortunately,full-sun pro duction is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coff ee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds,and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance.On a local level,the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种)t hat depend on the trees’flowers and fruits.Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result,many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level,the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threat ens(威胁)human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests’plant and animal life,an d the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain disease s.In addition,new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally,and eventually the world’s groundwater.Both locally and globally,the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations(种植园)could m ean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world’s climate,and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to ai r pollution and global warming.Moreover,the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic (酸性的)soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life,from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible,although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.15.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?BD【答案】15.A【文章大意】随着现代科技的发展，树荫下种植的咖啡产量越来越少，取而代之的是受到阳光暴晒的咖啡。
这种生产咖啡的方式影响了人们生活的方方面面，破坏了当地的生态环境，影响了全球的生态平衡。
【推理关系】题干Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?☞文章内容本文的第一段提出观点，其后的第二、三、四段分别从不同角度进行具体论证，最后一段是总结段。
因此本文是“总——分——总”结构。
【答案】本文的第一段提出观点，其后的第二、三、四段分别从不同角度进行具体论证，最后一段是总结段。
因此本文是“总——分——总”结构。
☞A选项2.D【2018北京西城区高三一模】Ownership used to be about as straightforward as writing a cheque.If you bought something,you owned it.If it broke,you fixed it.If you no longer wanted it,you sold it or threw it away.In the digital age,however,ownership has become more slippery.Since the coming of smartphones,consumers have been forced to accept that they do not control the software in their devices;they are only licensed to use it.As a digital chain is wrapped ever more tightly around more devices,such as cars and thermostats,who owns and who controls which objects is becoming aproblem.Buyers should be aware that some of their most basic property rights are under threat.The trend is not always harmful.Manufacturers seeking to restrict what owners do with increasingly complex technology have good reasons to protect their copyright,ensure that their machines do not break down,support environmental standards and prevent hacking.Sometimes companies use their control over a product’s software for the owners’benefit.When Hurricane Irma hit Florida this month,Tesla remotely updated the software controlling the batteries of some models to give owners more range to escape the storm.But the more digital strings are attached to goods,the more the balance of control leans towards producers and away from owners.That can be inconvenient.Picking a car is hard enough,but harder still if you have to dig up the instructions that tell you how use is limited and what data you must give.If the products are intentionally designed not to last long,it can also be expensive.Already,items from smartphones to washing machines have become extremely hard to fix,meaning that they are thrown away instead of being repaired.Privacy is also at ers become terrified when iRobot,a robotic vacuum cleaner,not only cleans the floor but also creates a digital map of the inside of a home that can then be sold to advertisers(though the manufacturer says it has no intention of doing so).Cases like this should remind people how jealously they ought to protect their property rights and control who uses the data that is collected.Ownership is not about to go away,but its meaning is changing.This requires careful inspection.Devices,by and large,are sold on the basis that they enable people to do what they want.To the extent they are controlled by somebody else,that freedom is compromised.47.What benefit does it bring to customers if companies control the ownership of products?A.It provides them with knowledge to prevent hacking.B.It gives them the chance to be protected from danger.C.It enables them to own the copyright of the products.D.It helps them know more about complex technology.48.The underlined words“that freedom”in the last paragraph refer to the freedom to_____.A.control other peopleB.share the ownershipC.inspect devices at any timee devices as one wishes49.The author may agree_____.A.customers should buy fewer digital devicesB.producers should control property rightsC.property rights need to be protectedD.better after sales service is required50.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:ConclusionA. B.C. D.【答案】47.B48.D49.C50.A【解析】所有权过去就像写支票一样简单。