高二英语下册units 13-14学案

高中二年级英语学案Units 13-14 (B2)【知识网络】一、重点词汇与短语1．benefit(1)．作名词的用法：a．用作不可数名词，有“好处，益处，利益，恩惠，裨益”等意义。

例如：She didn’t get much benefit from her stay abroad because he was ill for a long time.由于病了很长时间，她在国外期间并没有得到多大好处。

b．用作可数名词，意思是“善举，义演”。

例如：A benefit for the disaster area will be held next week.下周将举办一个赈灾义演。

c．作“救济金，津贴”讲时，即可用可数名词，也可用不可数名词。

例如：How much unemployment benefit does the middle-aged woman get every month?那位中年妇女每月领到多少失业救济金？Housing benefits are given out at the end of year.住房补贴在年底发放。

d．常用于一些固定表达中。

例如：have the benefit of获益于，受益于He has had the benefit of his 4-year education in America.for the benefit of/ for one’s benefit 为了某人的利益，为了帮助某人For the benefit of those who arrived late, I’ll go over the plan once again.be of benefit有益，有好处My holiday wasn’t of much benefit to me.（2）作动词的用法：a．用作及物动词，有“有利于，有助于，有益于”的意思。

例如：It is an expensive investment but it will benefit the company in the long run.这是一项花费很大的投资，但从长远来看，它对公司有好处。

b．用作不及物动词，有“获益，受益，得到好处”的意思，后常用介词from，也可用介词by。

例如：They will benefit from the new way of doing the business.他们会从新的经营方式中获益。

He is a man who has never benefit from experience.他是一个从不吸取经验教训的人。

Who is most likely to benefit by the old lady’s death?谁最可能因老妇人去世而获益呢？（3）Benefit的形容词形式是beneficial，副词形式是beneficially。

be beneficial to 有利于……,例如：The new policy is beneficial to car drivers.新的法规对汽车驾驶员有利。

Fresh air and good food are beneficial to the health.新鲜空气和优良的食物有益于健康。

2．demand（1）demand作动词是“要求, 需求”的意思, 经常指认为有用, 公正, 正确, 恰当或必需而提出要求. 注意: demand后接不定式, 不能接动名词; 被要求的人作为宾语时用of引出.例如:I demanded an answer of him.我要求他答复.All this was demanded of me.这些都是向我要的.demand后跟宾语从句时, 后面从句要用虚拟语气, 应用“should+动词原形”, should可省略.例如:I demand that one of you (should) go there at once.我要求你们中间的一个人立即到那里去! (美国用法省略should)不能用“demand+宾语+不定式”这种句型, 而应去掉宾语用demand to do sth。

这个句型. 例如:He demanded to know what was going on there.他要求知道那里发生了什么事.She demanded to see the headmaster.她请求见校长（2）demand作名词是“要求, 需求; 请求”的意思, 后面常接介词for. 常用于demand for sb, to do sth.或demand for sth/that…结构.例如:Ives listened to the workers’ demand for more money.艾夫斯听着工人们要争取更多钱的要求There is a great demand for such books.这种书需要量很大（3）习语:have many demand on/upon one’s time时间不够支配in (great )demand需要量很大; 许多人都需要make demand of/on对……提出要求; 有求于….meet the demand满足需要; 符合要求on demand在要求时, 一经请求; 在要求支付时demand of/from向…要求; 向…索取（4）同义词: require v.要求反义词: supply v.提供3．插入语用法小结插入语在句中主要是用来表示说话人对某事物的看法. 态度和推测. 有时起到解释, 说明的作用, 有时表示总结, 有时可以用来引起对方的注意和思考. 插入语用法很多. 在句子中的位置比较灵活, 大提而言, 可以分为以下及类:（1）用简短的句子结构作插入语.这一类有: I think, I hope, I guess. I believe, I suppose, I wonder, I tell you, I say, I’m afraid, I’m sure, you see, you know, as you know, that is, that is to say, what’s more等等, 它们可以置于句中或句尾.如:This diet, I think, will do good to your health.我认为, 这个食谱对你的身体有健康有益.It won’t be raining long, I hope.我希望雨不会老下个不停You will have to work harder, you know, if you want to succeed.你当然清楚, 想成功就必须努力奋斗（2）副词或副词断语用作插入语. 这类插入语一般放在句首或句尾.如:Happily for him, his father’s second wife was kind to him, too.幸运的是, 他的继母对他也很好.You’ll be able to pass the coming exam, surely.可以肯定地说, 你能通过下次考试.Honestly, I don’t need it at the moment.说实话, 我现在还不需要它.Luckily for him, he didn’t hurt in the accident.（3）介词或介词断语作插入语, 这类插入语一般放在句首, 有时也可放在句中.如:Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither bothers nor sisters-- in other words, I’m an only child.像大多数同学一样, 我没有兄弟姐妹, 换言之, 我是独身子女By the way, Bob sends his best wishes.顺便说一句鲍伯也向你问好In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.简而言之., 自从学校实现减负以来, 情况开始有了改善.（4）分词短语作插入语.如:Judging from your accent, you must be from England.根据口音判断, 你准是英格兰人.Generally speaking, be is the best student in our class.一般说来, 他是我们班最好的学生.Compared with China, the USA is smaller.与中国相比, 美国略小一点（5）不定式短语做插入语.如:To put it mildly, he was not up to the mark.说得婉转些, 他的身体不算太好.To tell you the truth, I don’t want to see her.说实话, 我不想见她.To conclude, it was a great success.总之，这是一次巨大的成功。

二、词义辨析advantage; benefit; gain; profit的区别advantage; benefit; gain; profit这四个词都可用作名词表示“好处; 利益”.（1）advantage侧重表示某人或某物在价值, 等级或地位方面的优势或好处.如:Her beauty proved to be of great advantage to her in her stage career.她的美貌使她在舞台生涯中占了很大的便宜（2）benefit侧重表示某人在身体, 智力精神或物质等方面的受益.如:This medicine will be of real benefit to you. Take it.这种药对你的病会很有效的, 快吃吧.（3）gain侧重表示物质利益方面的好处或利益, 常用复数形式.如:We have made some very exciting gains in the past year.去年我们取得了可喜的收益.（4）profit既可指物质或前财方面的收益, 亦可指一般意义上的益处.如:Coal and steel interests were merging for mutual profit.煤矿和钢铁界为了共同的利益合并起来.三、重点句型a)It was during the “March on Washington DC” in 1963 that he gave the speech “I Have a Dream”, which inspired people of all races to fight for equality. 他就是在1963年的“向华盛顿进军”活动期间发表了演说<<我有一个梦想>>, 这激励着各种种族的人民为争取平等而斗争. 本句用了It was…that…强调句型, 强调的是时间状语during the “March on Washington DC” in 1963.又如:It was last night that John wore a white suit at the dance.which在此引出了一个非限制性定语从句, 修饰前面的speech, which在从句中作主语.又如:She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.b)Heat capacity is the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of a substance one degree centigrade. 热能量是一种物质升高一摄氏度所需要的能量it takes…to do…是固定句式, 可表示“做某事需要……”之意.如:It will take a lot of courage to tell the truth.it takes…to do…多指“花多少时间去做某事”.It took him three years to write the book.亦有it takes…for sb. to do sth.句型.It usually takes ten minutes for a taxi to get to the hotel.c)What all these groups have in common is that they ask to be treated with respect, share the rights to work, good housing conditions and education and be treated equal to other people in all ways. 所有这些组织都有一个共同的目标, 那就是要求得到尊重, 享有工作的权利, 有良好的住房条件, 能获得教育, 能在各方面与其他人平等对待.what在此做关系代词, 引出一个主语从句, what在从句中作have的宾语. 又如:What he often keeps in mind is how to serve the people well.equal to是固定搭配. 在此句中是形容词短语, 用作主语补足语, 意为“与……平等或相等”.如:Everyone was born equal to one another.四、语法复习(一) 情态动词的某些特殊用法情态动词的一些习惯用法1．Used to+动词原形（表过去的习惯），含有与现在比较的意思，即过去做，现在不做了。