2012年2A练习题头1

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2012英语二真题及详解

2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题考生注意事项：1 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。

2 答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息。

3 答案必须按要求填涂或书写在指定的答题卡上。

(1)英语知识运用，阅读理解 A节、B节的答案填涂在答题卡 1上。

填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用 2B铅笔完成。

如需改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。

(2)英译汉和写作部分必须用蓝黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡 2上做答。

字迹要清楚。

4.考试结束，将试题，答题卡1和答题卡2一并装入试题袋中交回。

Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Millions of Americansand foreigners see GI. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of Americanmilitary adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and womenwho 1 in World War II and the people theyliberated ,the GI. was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kidtorn away from his home ,the guy who3) all the burdens of battle ,whoslept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,whostuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteersoldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up6 )the besttrained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI.is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy whonever9) it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Magrac …a working class name. TheUnited States has 10) had a president or vice-president or secretary ofstate Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character,or a (12) of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joebased on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiersPyle (13) portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the(14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not howmany miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the“willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Bothmen(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that thesoldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey,shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was anyAmerican soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C]form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handedout [B]turnover [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on thecontrary [B] by this means [C]from theoutset [D]at that pointSection II ReadingComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following fourtexts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never beenterribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years ithas been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, mostrecently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educationalritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy whichmandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may nolonger count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant toaddress the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes mighthave in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory.Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do withoutexpensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass tostudents who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, itis going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered forpoor children.District administratorssay that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed toassign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see veylittle difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on statetests without completing their homework, but what about the students whoperformed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible thatthe homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what worksbest for their students, the policy imposes a flat,across-the-board rule.At the same time, thepolicy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If thedistrict finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academicachievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not makethem count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensurethat the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing toreview and correct.The homework rulesshould be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for settingeducational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It isnot too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied inparagraph 1 that nowadays homework _____.[A] is receiving morecriticism[B]is no longer aneducational ritual[C]is not required foradvanced courses[D]is gaining morepreferences22. L.A.Unified has madethe rule about homework mainly because poor students _____.[A]tend to have moderateexpectations for their education[B]have asked for adifferent educational standard[C]may have problemsfinishing their homework[D]have voiced theircomplaints about homework23. According toParagraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may ____.[A]discourage studentsfrom doing homework[B]result in students'indifference to their report cards[C]undermine theauthority of state tests[D]restrict teachers'power in education24. As mentioned inParagraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether ______.[A] it should beeliminated[B]it counts much inschooling[C]it places extraburdens on teachers[D]it is important forgrades25.A suitable title forthis text could be ______.[A]Wrong Interpretationof an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy forPoor Students[C]Thorny Questionsabout Homework[D]A Faulty Approach toHomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adultwomen do not remember being so obsessed with the color, yet it is pervasive inour young girls’ lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it issuch a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in oneway, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girl s’ identity to appearance. Then itpresents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocentbut as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lackof imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ at traction topink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to JoPaoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children werenot colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era beforedomestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, sincethe only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boysand girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nurserycolours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculinecolour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, withits intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolisedfemininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sexdiffere nces became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fullycame into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, partof what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised howprofoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural tokins,including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take thetoddler. I assumed thatphase was something experts developed after years ofresearch into children’s behaviour: wron g. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook,a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trickby clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publicationscounseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they shouldcreate“th ird stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Itwas only after “toddler” became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into abroadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, intoever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one ofthe easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – orinvent them where they did not previously exist.26. By saying "itis...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink ______.[A]should not be thesole representation of girlhood[B]should not beassociated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls'lack of imagination[D]cannot influencegirls' lives and interests27. According toParagraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encodedin girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to beregarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be aneutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered bybabies.28. The author suggeststhat our perception of children's psychological development was much influencedby _____.[A]the marketing ofproducts for children[B]the observation ofchildren's nature[C]researches intochildren's behavior[D]studies of childhoodconsumption29. We may learn fromParagraph 4 that department stores were advised to _____.[A]focus on infant wearand older kids' clothes[B]attach equalimportance to different genders[C]classify consumersinto smaller groups[D]create some commonshoppers' terms30. It can be concludedthat girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained bytheir inborn tendency[B]fully understood byclothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed byprofit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted bypsychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decadesby 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, as sured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecul e “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industryadvances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. companies areunlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are alreadypatented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes interact,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of diseaseor predict a drug’s efficacy, companies are eager to win patents for‘connectingthe dots’, explains Hans Saue r, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may bedetermined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, whichthe Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held aconvention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscapefor patents. Each meeting was packed.31. It can be learnedfrom paragraph I that the biotech companies would like _____A. their executives tobe activeB. judges to rule outgene patentingC. genes to bepatentableD. the BIO to issue awarning32. Those who areagainst gene patents believe that _____A. genetic tests are notreliableB. only man-madeproducts are patentableC. patents on genesdepend much on innovationD. courts shouldrestrict access to gene tic tests33. According to HansSauer, companies are eager to win patents for _____A. establishing diseasecorrelationsB. discovering geneinteractionsC. drawing pictures ofgenesD. identifying human DNA34.By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author meansthat _____A. the supreme court wasauthoritativeB. the BIO was apowerful organizationC. gene patenting was agreat concernD. lawyers were keen toattend conventions35. Generally speaking,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is _____A. criticalB. supportiveC. scornfulD. objectiveText 4The great recession maybe over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before itends,It will likely changethe life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately,it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of oursociety for years.No one tries harder thanthe jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Manysaid that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in someways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; theywere more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps therecession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken usfrom our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put anecessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part,these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences ofEconomic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that bothinside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or declinehave almost always left society moremean-spirited and less inclusive, and haveusually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrantsentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequalityusually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed,this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decreaseopportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research ofTill Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not allpeople graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those withdegrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwisewould have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneaththem that are left behind.In the internet age, itis particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden withinAmerican society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely howthese lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S.was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in itshistory, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then haveshown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard timeswill reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it, and all themore so the longer they extend.36. By saying “to findsilver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to ____.[A]seek subsidies fromthe government[B]explore reasons forthe unemployment[C]make profits from thetroubled economy[D]look on the brightside of the recession37. According toParagraph 2,the recession has made people _____.[A]realize the nationaldream[B]struggle against eachother[C]challenge theirlifestyle[D]reconsider theirlifestyle38. Benjamin Friedmanbelieve that economic recessions may _____.[A]impose a heavierburden on immigrants[B]bring out more evilsof human nature[C]Promote the advanceof rights and freedoms[D]ease conflictsbetween races and classes39. The research of TillVon Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tendto _____.[A]lag behind the othersdue to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly withexperienced employees[C]see their lifechances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quicklythan the others40. The author thinksthat the influence of hard times on society is _____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following textand answer the questions by finding information from the left column thatcorresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are twoextra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1. (10points)“Universal history, thehistory of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History ofthe Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle.Well, not any more it is not. Suddenly, Britain looksto have fallen out with its favorite historical form. This could be no morethan a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about howwe now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers andmore interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest daysof the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary livesof great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De VirisIllustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classicalheroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising tothe top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turnedon its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness,rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, theattributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leadingpainters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist'spersonal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian authorSamual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers,industrialists and explorers. "The valuable examples which they furnishthe power of self-help, of patient purpose, resolute working and steadfastintegrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character,exhibit,” wrote Smiles.” what it is in the power of each to accomplish forhimself” His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwoodwere held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bitbourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroiclives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochalfigures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessinghigher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. Forthem, history did nothing; it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be thestory of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed toappreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations inwhich each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not makeit just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen bythemselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted fromthe past.”This was the traditionwhich revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle,Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History frombelow stood alongsidebiographies of great men. Whole new realms ofunderstanding — from gender to race to cultural studies —were opened up asscholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed publichistory too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.41. Petrarch [B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.42. Niccolo Machiavellli [C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.43. Samuel Smiles [D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.44. Thomas Carlyle [E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.45. Marx and Engels [F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.[G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the followingtext from English into Chinese. Write your translationon ANSWERSHEET2.(15 points)When people indeveloping countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned atthe prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australiatry to attract by using immigration rules that privilege collegegraduates .Lots of studies havefound that well-educated people from developing countries areparticularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian householdsin 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than ahigh-school education, compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over theage of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers inpoor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies, deprivingthemof much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at theiruniversities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47. DirectionsSuppose you have foundsomething wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought froman online store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1) make a complaint and2) demand a prompt solutionYou should write about100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your ownname at the end of the letter, Use "zhang wei "instead.48、write an essay based onthe following table .In your writing you should1) describe the table,and2) give your commentsYou should write atleast 150 words (15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查年龄 -------满意度满意不清楚不满意小于等于40岁16.7% 50.0% 33.3%41-50岁0.0% 36.0% 64.0%大于50岁40.0 50.0% 10.0%完形填空1. B served2. B common3. A bore4. A necessities5. C but6. D against7. A meaning8. A handed out9. C made 10. D neither11. Ddistinguished 12. B collection 13. C interviewed 14. D human15. C patrolled 16. A paralleled 17. C emphasized 18. C fragments19. B To 20. D at that point完形填空分析英语（二）大纲指出，完形填空文章字数大约是350个词，比英语（一）的文章字数240-280词要多，字数多也就意味着给出了更多的已知线索来搜寻未知信息，所以考生理解起来更顺畅、做起题来更轻松。

2012年考试真题试卷二(A卷)

一、综合题(本试卷共50分。

其中：要求1至要求5、要求7至要求10用中文解答；要求6、要求11和要求12必须用英文解答，用中文解答不得分。

)资料(一)：华盛商业股份有限公司（以下简称华盛股份）是一家在上海证券交易所上市的大型商业企业。

华盛集团有限公司是华盛股份的第一大股东，是甲省国资委控股的国有企业。

华盛股份及其下属子公司的主营业务包括百货、超市、专业产品连锁店、餐饮、房地产等。

华光眼镜有限公司（以下简称华光眼镜）是华盛股份的全资子公司，成立于上世纪70年代。

华光眼镜从上世纪90年代末开始拓展眼镜零售连锁网络，是国内较早从事眼镜连锁专卖的企业。

经过多年的发展，华光眼镜的市场份额占据省内第一、全国第五的位置。

2005年末，华光眼镜在全国拥有超过 100家连锁店，其中80%在甲省及周边地区。

华光眼镜的核心管理团队在连锁经营领域有着丰富的经验，尤其在店铺选址方面。

华光眼镜在甲省各大核心商业区的黄金地段都拥有位置优越的店铺。

由于其较长的经营历史和严格的质量控制，华光眼镜店在消费者心目中享有良好的声誉。

截至2005年末，中国零售行业已连续十年保持高速增长，复合年增长率达12.9%。

管理层预期“十一五”期间零售行业将继续保持两位数的增长速度。

各大零售企业出于对行业前景的良好预期，普遍迅速扩张，形成了活跃的竞争态势。

随着人们生活水平的提高和消费能力的增强，消费者除了重视眼镜的基本功能外，还越来越重视美观时尚。

尤其是年轻人，不再等眼镜坏了才购买新的，而会频繁地更换新的款式。

这一趋势引起华光眼镜总经理赵刚的重视。

2006年初，赵刚召集各部门开会，研究如何更好地把握市场动态，抓住潜在增长机遇。

赵刚要求财务部利用过去3年的财务和业务数据，分析目前华光眼镜对年轻客户群的销售情况。

资料（二）新上任的财务总监王红发现公司的财务系统只能按照镜片、镜框、隐形眼镜、太阳镜等产品类别分析销售数据，不能按照客户群类别进行分析；而业务系统虽然拥有每一单销售的详细产品信息和客户信息，却无法将销售单中的信息按照特定产品类别或客户群直接进行数据汇总。

2012年全国高考2卷理科数学试题及答案

第 1 页共 3 页2012年全国高考2卷理科数学试题及答案一．选择题：（共12个小题，每小题5分，满分60分） 1。

复数131ii-++= (A ） 2+i(B) 2-i（C) 1+2i（D)1-2i2.已知集合A ={1，3，B ={1，m },A ∪B =A ，则m = (A) 0（B ） 0或3(C ） 1（D) 1或33.椭圆的中心在原点，焦距为4，一条准线为x = - 4，则该椭圆的方程为(A) 221612y +x =1（B ） 22168y +x =1(C) 2284y +x =1（D ）22124y +x =14。

已知正四棱柱ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中，AB = 2，CC 1E 为CC 1的中点，则直线AC 1与平面BED 的距离为：（A) 2(B ）(C ）（D) 15.已知等差数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ，a 5 = 5,S 5 =15,则数列{11n n a a +｝的前100项和为(A ） 100101(B ）99101(C)99100（D)1011006。

△ABC 中，AB 边的高为CD ，CB = a ,CA = b ，a •b = 0,｜ a | = 1，| b | = 2，则AD = (A ）13a -13b (B ）23a -23b (C)35a -35b （D)45a -45b7.已知α 为第二象限的角，sin α +cos α，则cos2α = （A)(B ）(C)(D)8。

已知F 1、F 2为双曲线C :x 2-y 2 =2的左、右焦点,点P 在C 上，|PF 1|=2｜PF 2｜，则cos ∠F 1PF 2 = （A ） 14（B)35（C)34(D ）459。

已知x = ln π，y =log 5 2，z =12e -，则（A ） x 〈 y 〈 z(B) z < x < y（C) z < y < x（D ） y 〈 z< x10.已知函数y =x 3-3x + c的图像与x轴恰有两个公共点,则c =(A) -2或2 (B）-9或3 (C）-1或1 (D）-3或111。

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷II英语试题及答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第Ⅰ卷第一部分英语知识运用(满分50分)第一节语音知识(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)从选项中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项例：have A. gave B. save C. hat D. made答案是C。

⒈ theater A. treasure B. wheat C. season D. realize⒉ persuade A. usual B. insist C. sugar D. treasure⒊ company A. alone B. carrot C. money D. knock⒋ opposite A. service B. outside C. pioneer D. police⒌ society A. official B. recent C. chocolate D. difficult第二节语法和词汇知识(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从四个选项中，选出可以入空白处的最佳选项例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ___ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。

⒍– What shall we do tonight then?– ___ – whatever you want.A. Help yourselfB. It’s a dealC. No problemD.It’s up to you⒎ He missed ___ gold in the high jump, but will get ___ second chance in the long jump.A. the; theB. 不填; aC. the; aD. a; 不填⒏ That evening, ___ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when⒐ Sarah made ___ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.A. herselfB. thisC. thatD. it⒑T ony lent me the money, ___ that I’d do as much for him.A. hopingB. to hopeC. hopedD. having hoped⒒ I had hardly got to the office ___ my wife phone me to go back home at once.A. whenB. thanC. untilD. after⒓ We ___ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.A. set aboutB. set upC. set outD. set down⒔ Next to biology, I like physics ___ .A. betterB. bestC. the betterD. very well⒕– Did you ask Sophia for help?– I ___ need to – I managed perfectly well on my own.A. wouldn’tB. don’tC. didn’tD. won’t⒖The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ___ anything thathappened to be on.A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched⒗ 100℃ is the temperature ___ which water will boil.A. forB. atC. onD. of⒘I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ___ find the money.A. canB. mightC. wouldD. need⒙ The manager ___ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.A. has toldB. is tellingC. has been tellingD. will have told⒚ The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ___ in this city.A. qualityB. progressC. productionD. demand⒛– T ry not to work yourself too hard. T ake it easy.– Thanks. ___A. So what?B. No way.C. What for?D. Y ou, too.第三节完形填空(每小题1. 5分)从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，Around twenty years ago I was living in Y ork. 21 I had a lot of experience and a Master’s degree, I could not find 22 work.I was 23 a school bus to make ends meet and 24 with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flat. I had 25 five interviews (面试) with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not 26 the job. “Why has my life become so 27 ?” I thought painfully.As I pulled the bus over to 28 a little girl, she handed me an earning 29 I should keep it 30 somebody claimed (认领) it. The earring was painted black and said “BE HAPPY”.At first I got angry. Then it 31 me – I had been giving all of my 32 to what was going wrong with my 33 rather than what was right! I decided then and there to make a 34 of fifty things I was happy with. Later, I decided to 35 more things to the list. That night there was a phone call for 36 from a lady who was a director at a larger 37 . She asked me if I would 38 a one-day lecture on stress (压力) management to 200 medical workers. I said yes.My 39 there went very well, and before long I got a well-paid job. T o this day I know that it was because I changed my way of 40 that I completely changed my life.21. A. As B. Though C. If D. When22. A. successful B. extra C. satisfying D. convenient23. A. driving B. repairing C. taking D. designing24. A. working B. travelling C. discussing D. living25. A. prepared for B. attended C. asked for D. held26. A. lose B. like C. find D. get27. A. hard B. busy C. serious D. short28. A. wave at B. drop off C. call on D. look for29. A. ordering B. promising C. saying D. showing30. A. in case B. or else C. as if D. now that31. A. hurt B. hit C. caught D. moved32. A. feelings B. attention C. strength D. interests33. A. opinions B. education C. experiences D. life34. A. list B. book C. check D. copy35. A. connect B. turn C. keep D. add36. A. her B. a passenger C. me D. my friend37. A. hospital B. factory C. restaurant D. hotel38. A. listen to B. review C. give D. talk about39. A. plan B. choice C. day D. tour40. A. operation B. speaking C. employment D. thinking第二部分阅读理解(满分45分)第一节语篇阅读(每小题2分)第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项(每小题2分)(A)Cold weather can hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When you’re cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. I you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pet’s water. Sometimes owners don’t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can’t get anything to drink. Animals that don’t have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.41. What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?A. They are often forgotten by their owners.B. They are used to living outdoors.C. They build their won shelter.D. They like to stay in warm places.42. Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?A. T o know when to bring them inside.B. T o keep them from eating bad food.C. T o help them find shelters.D. T o keep them company.43. If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may ___.A. run short of clean waterB. dig deep holes for funC. dirty the snow nearbyD. get lost in the wild44. What is the purpose of this text?A. T o solve a problem.B. T o give practical advice.C. T o tell an interesting story.D. T o present a research result.(B)Y ou may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. Y ou do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.First, you must ask yo urself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” Y ou must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.Let’s start with the wind blowing from the behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90° angle (角度) to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45° angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough t o catch the wind, but it shouldn’t flap (摆动). It shouldn’t look like on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. Y o u may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can’t go in a straight line. Y ou must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.45. What should you consider first while sailing?A. Sailors’ strength.B. Wave levels.C. Wind directions.D. Size of sails.46. What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The boat.B. The wind.C. The sail.D. The angle.47. What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?A. Move in a straight line.B. Allow the sail to flap.C. Lower the sail.D. T ack the boat.48. Where can you probably find the text?A. In a popular magazine.B. In a tourist guidebook.C. In a physics textbook.D. In an official report.(C)Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Y et it also has other uses. A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures. For example, manypeople in Russia smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Y et many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.49. What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?A. Love.B. Politeness.C. Joy.D. Thankfulness.50. The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile can ___ .A. show friendliness to strangersB. be used to hide true feelingsC. be used in the wrong placesD. show personal habits51. What should we do before attempting to “read” people?A. Learn about their relations with others.B. Understand their cultural backgrounds.C. Find out about their past experience.D. Figure out what they will do next.52. What would be the best title for the test?A. Cultural DifferencesB. Smiles and RelationshipC. Facial ExpressivenessD. Habits and Emotions(D)ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia –One of the world’s most famou s fossils (化石) – the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton (骨骼) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 – will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said T uesday.Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Science inHouston, T exas, spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U.S. tour, which will start in Houston next September .“Ethiopia’s rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world,” said Joel Bar tsch, director of the Houston museum.The six-year tour will also go to Washington, New Y ork, Denver and Chicago. Officials said six other U.S. cities may be on the tour. But they said plans had not been worked out.Travelling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils.Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of herdiscovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 312-foot-tall ape-man (猿人). 53. The author writes this text mainly to ___ .A. introduce a few U.S. museumsB. describe some research workC. discuss the value of an ape-manD. report a coming event54. What does the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. A painting of the skeleton.B. A photograph of LucyC. A copy of the skeleton.D. A written record of Lucy.55. How many cities has Lucy’s U.S. tour plan already included?A. Four.B. Five.C. Six.D. Eleven. 56. What was the skeleton named after? A. An ape-man. B. A song.C. A singer.D. A camp. (E)Make Up Y our Mind to SucceedKind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s winter .” And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before. As a result, S tanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here’s how they work:A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic – you’re a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego (自尊) isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck’s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.57. What does the author think about the present generation?A. They don’t do well at school.B. They are often misunderstood.C. They are eager to win in sports.D. They are given too much praise.58. A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ___ .A. doesn’t want to work hardB. cares a lot about personal safetyC. cannot share his ideas with othersD. can succeed with the help of teachers59. What does the growth mind-set believe?A. Admitting failure is shameful.B. T alent comes with one’s birth.C. Scores should be highly valued.D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.60. What should parents do for their children based on Dwec k’s study?A. Encourage them to learn from failures.B. Prevent them from making mistakes.C. Guide them in doing little things.D. Help them grow with praise.第二节根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

[实用参考]2012年高考英语全国2卷及答案

20GG年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：⒈本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

⒉答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。

⒊答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

⒋考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷第一部分英语知识运用(满分50分)第一节语音知识(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：have A. gave B. save C. hat D. made答案是C。

⒈ th eater A. treasure B. wheat C. season D. realize⒉ persuade A. usual B. insist C. sugar D. treasure⒊ c ompany A. alone B. carrot C. money D. knock⒋ opposite A. service B. outside C. pioneer D. police⒌ society A. official B. recent C. chocolate D. difficult第二节语法和词汇知识(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ___ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。

英语二2012年真题及答案

2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see G. I. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that's not how it used to be. To the men and women who 1 in World War II and the people they liberated, the G. I. was the 2 man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, 5 an average guy, up 6 the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name isn't much. G. I. is just a military abbreviation 7 Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Palooka, Joe Magrac… a working class name. The United States has10 had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe.G.I. Joe had a 11 career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character, or a 12 of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G. L Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports 16 the "Willie" cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G. I. Joe was any American soldier,20 the most important person in their lives.1. [A] performed [B] served [C] rebelled [D] betrayed2. [A] actual [B] common [C] special [D] normal3. [A] bore [B] eased [C] removed [D] loaded4. [A] necessities [B] facilities [C] commodities [D] properties5. [A] and [B] nor [C] but [D] hence6. [A] for [B] into [C] from [D] against7. [A] meaning [B] implying [C] symbolizing [D] claiming8. [A] handed out [B] turned over [C] brought back [D] passed down9. [A] pushed [B] got [C] made [D] managed10. [A] ever [B] never [C] either [D] neither11. [A] disguised [B] disturbed [C] disputed [D] distinguished12. [A] company [B] collection [C] community [D] colony13. [A] employed [B] appointed [C] interviewed [D] questioned14. [A] ethical [B] military [C] political [D] human15. [A] mined [B] commuted [C] patrolled [D] gained16. [A] paralleled [B] counteracted [C] duplicated [D] contradicted17. [A] neglected [B] avoided [C] emphasized [D] admired18. [A] stages [B] illusions [C] fragments [D] advances19. [A] With [B] To [C] Among [D] Beyond20. [A] on the contrary [B] by this means [C] from the outset [D] at that pointSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on this educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student's academic grade.This role is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictor. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling; teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board role.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework, ff the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students' academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework matters, it should account for a significant portion of the grade. Meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject, or that teachers are not assigning more than they're willing to review and correct.The homework roles should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late forL. A. Unified to do homework right.21. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that nowadays homework ________.[A] is receiving more criticism [B] is no longer an educational ritual[C ] is not required for advanced courses [D] is gaining more preferences22. L. A. Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students ________.[A] tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B] have asked for a different educational standard[C] may have problems finishing their homework[D] have voiced their complaints about homework23. According to Paragraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may ________.[A] discourage students from doing homework[B] result in students' indifference to their report cards[C] undermine the authority of state tests[D] restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether ________.[A] it should be eliminated [B] it counts much in schooling[C] it places extra burdens on teachers [D] it is important for grades25. A suitable title for this text could be[A] Wrong Interpretations of an Educational Policy ________.[B] A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C] Thorny Questions about Homework[D] A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText 2Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls' lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls' identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls' lives and interests.Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century, in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy-and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became a common shoppers' term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences—or invent them where they did not previously exist.26. By saying "it is... the rainbow" (Line 2, Para. 1), the author means pink ________.[A] should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B] should not be associated with girls' innocence[C] cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D] cannot influence girls' lives and interests27. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?[A ] Colous are encoded in girls" DNA.[B] Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C] Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D] White is preferred by babies.28. The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by ________.[A] the marketing of products for children [B] the observation of children's nature[C] researches into children's behaviour [D] studies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to ________.[A ] focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B ] attach equal importance to different genders[C ] classify consumers into smaller groups[D ] create some common shoppers' terms30. It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be ________.[A ] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B ] fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C ] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D] well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010, a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a "preliminary step" in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned theprior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalized medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriads. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule "is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds."Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The ease may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules—most are unlikely patented or in the public domain. Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug's efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for "connecting the dots," explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyer on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like ________.[A] their executives to be active [B] judges to rule out gene patenting[C] genes to be patentable [D] the BIO to issue a warning32. Those who are against gene patents believe that ________.[A ] genetic tests are not reliable[B ] only man-made products are patentable[C ] patents on genes depend much on innovation[D ] courts should restrict access to genetic tests33. According to Hans Saner, companies are eager to win patents for ________.[A] establishing disease correlations [B] discovering gene interactions[C] drawing pictures of genes [D] identifying human DNA34. By saying "Each meeting was packed" (Line 3, Para. 6), the author means that ________.[A] the Supreme Court was authoritative[B] the BIO was a powerful organization[C] gene patenting was a great concern[D] lawyers were keen to attend conventions35. Generally speaking, the author's attitude toward gene patenting is ________.[A] critical [B] supportive [C] scornful [D] objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U. S. , lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them—especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economic at Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the Internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society's character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36. By saying "to find silver linings" (Line 1, Para. 2) the author suggests that the jobless try to ________.[A ] seek subsidies from the government[B ] explore reasons for the unemployment[C ] make profits from the troubled economy[D ] look on the bright side of the recession37. According to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people ________.[A ] realize the national dream[B ] struggle against each other[C ] challenge their prudence[D ] reconsider their lifestyle38. Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may ________.[A ] impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B ] bring out more evils of human nature[C ] promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D ] ease conflicts between races and classes39. The research of Till V on Wachter suggests that in the recession graduates from elite universities tend to ________.[A ] lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B ] catch up quickly with experienced employees[C ] see their life chances as dimmed as the others'[D ] recover more quickly than the others40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is ________.[A ] certain [B ] positive [C ] trivial [D ] destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) "Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here," wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favorite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus—On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus(or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolò Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samuel Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explorers. "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, of patient purpose, resolute working, and Steadfast integrity, issuing in the formation of truly noble and manly character, exhibit," wrote Smiles," what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself. "His biographies of James Watt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Not everyone was convinced by such bombast. "The history of all hitherto existing society isthe history of class struggles," wrote Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing; it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: "It is man, real, living man who does all that." And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For: "Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past. "This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies—were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section ⅢTranslation46. Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. This "brain drain" has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.Section ⅣWritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer service center to1) make a complaint and2) demand a prompt solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead. (10 points) Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following table. In your writing you should1) describe the table, and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)某公司员工工作满意度调查2012考研英语（二）真题答案1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．C6．D 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．B11．D 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．D16．A 17．C 18．B 19．B 20．D21．A 22．C 23．A 24．B 25．D26．A 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．C31．C 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．D36．D 37．D 38．B 39．D 40．A41．A 42．F 43．G 44．C 45．E。

2012年英语二真题及答案【完整打印版】

2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that‘s not how it used to be .To the men and women who(1)in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the(2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who(3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the (4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,(5) an average guy ,up (6)the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation(7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article (8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never( 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac a working class name.The United States has( 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the ―willie‖ cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries,G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student‘s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students‘ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.[A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls‘ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls‘ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls‘ lives and interests.Girls‘ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What‘s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children‘s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children‘s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a ―third stepping stone‖ between infant wear and older kids‘ clothes. Tt was only after ―toddler‖became a common shoppers‘ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO)，a trade group，assured members that this was just a ―preliminary step‖ in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved，at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision，ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad，a company in Utah，said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine，the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents：a gene is a product of nature，so it may not be patented；gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it；and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case，arguing that an isolated DNA molecule ―is no less a p roduct of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ‖Despite the appeals court's decision，big questions remain unanswered. For example，it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies areunlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug‘s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‗connecting the dits‘,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34.By saying ―each meeting was packed‖(line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author‘s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The MoralConsequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till V on Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society‘s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying ―to find silver linings‖（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till V on Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others‘[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)―Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,‖ wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus –On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:―It is man, real, living man who does all that.‖ And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:―Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances di rectly found, given and transmitted from the past.‖This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stoodalongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And itSection ⅢTranslation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section ⅣWritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48.write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)12年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题标准答案Section I Use of English1-5BBA AC 6-10BCADB 11-15DBCDB 16-20ACBBDSectionⅡReading comprehensionpartA21-25ACA BD 26-30ABACC 31-35CBADD 36-40DDBDAPart B41-45：AFGCESection ⅢTranslation发展中国家的人们担心“移民”，通常是在关注他们前往硅谷或者发达国家的医院和大学后，自己最为美好的，光明的前景会是如何。

2012年高考英语全国2卷及答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：⒈本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

⒊答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

⒋考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

例：have A. gave B. save C. hat D. made答案是C。

⒈ theater A. treasure B. wheat C. season D. realize⒉ persuade A. usual B. insist C. sugar D. treasure⒊ company A. alone B. carrot C. money D. knock⒋ opposite A. service B. outside C. pioneer D. police⒌ society A. official B. recent C. chocolate D. difficult第二节语法和词汇知识(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ___ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。

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二年级（A）英语练习（六）2012.10
班级___________姓名___________
主要内容
本周我们学习了表示动作的单词（run,write,swim,fly等）。同学们要学会运用I can…,but I can’t…的句型，用几句话描述自己会和不会的事情。我们还学习了Can…?句型询问他人能力，并用Yes, …can./No,…can’t的句型正确回答。同学们还要学会用What can you do?来询问对方会做什么。能够从性别，年龄，外貌特征，能力等方面介绍自己和他人。
学习策略
同学们要学会用I can…的句型描述我会什么。并知道相应的询问及回答。
注意Байду номын сангаас
1.can’t的书写。2.问答中人称的相应变化（CanSupergirlrun? Yes,shecan.）。