职称英语理工B 阅读第十七篇 译文及解析
职称英语考试真题理工类B级阅读理解(文字版)
职称英语考试真题理工类B级阅读理解（文字版）Can you hear This ?When something creates a sound wave in a room or an auditorium (礼堂)，listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They also hear the reflections as the sound bounces off the walls , floor ,and ceiling . These are called the reflected wave or reverberant (反射的) sound , which can be heard even after the sound is no longer coming from the source .The reverberation time of an auditorium is determined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium .It is also determined by how well or how poorly the walls , ceiling, floor , and contents of the room (including the people ) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time .The full-sound performance of music such as Wagner operas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time . The light ,rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewhere between .Acoustic problems often are caused by poor auditorium design .Smooth , curved (弯曲的)reflecting surfaces create large reflections . Parallel (平行的)walls reflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid ,repetitive pulsing(有节奏的跳动)effect. Large pillars (柱)and corners can cause acoustic shadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object . Some of these problems can be solved by using absorbers and relectors to change the reverberation time of a room .For example , hanging large reflectors , called clouds , over the performers will allow some sound frequencies to reflect and others to pass yo achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.1.This Passage is mainly aboutA sound waves and their acoustic effect .B the types of music orchestras playC walls of an auditoriumD the design of an auditorium2.Wagner operas and Mahler symphonies sound fuller in an auditorium with~ 2 / 3 ~A a short reverberation timeB a long reverberation timeC an intermediate reverberation timeD no reverberation time3.This passage suggests that a good auditorium shouldA achieve a pleasing mixture of soundB get rid of all reflectionsC not have absorbers.D have smooth surfacesrge pillars and corners mayA make sound rich and fullB be cures for sound problemsC be sources of sound problemsD function as well as clouds5.The word “acoustic “in the last paragraph has something to do withA performanceB MusicC soundD noiseSmart WindowWindows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting，but the light coming through the window also provides heat.However，windows are notsomething people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology.Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch2.“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist.He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3.“It’s contact with the outside world.You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So，windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.Yet，windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control.In the winter，cold air leaks in.When it’s hot and sunny，sunlight streams in.All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy.And all of this extra heat forces people to turn ontheir air conditioners.Producing blasts of cold air，which can feel so refreshing，actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years，scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating，glazing，and layering windows to make them more energy efficient.Smart windows go a step further.They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color.For example，a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery.Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed，that is，when the amount of voltage is decreased，the window darkens until it’s completely dark after all electricity is taken away.So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory.” All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other.Then，it stays that way.Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes，depending on the size of the window.The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need.“In the future,” Granqvist says,“our buildings may look different.”练习：1. Which of the following statements does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs?A Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy.B Windows help to save energy by letting light in.C Windows help to save energy by providing heat.D Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world.2. When are windows the weak link in a building?A In the cold winter.B In the hot summer.C When air conditioners are turned on.D Both A and B.3. What are smart windows，according to Paragraph 4?A Windows that are coated.B Windows that are glazed.C Windows the color of which can be changed.D Windows that have many layers.4. To make electrochromic windows change color，what is applied to the windowglass?A Electricity.B Tungsten oxide.C A battery.D A voltage.5. What will he the benefit if the research on smart windows turns out to be successful，according to the last paragraph?A The buildings will look different.B Windows can be as large as you want.C We may not need air conditioners any more.D They are less expensive than traditional windows.词汇：flip n.比喻意为“最先进的，科技含量的”。
职称英语(理工类)B级模拟试卷17(题后含答案及解析)
职称英语（理工类）B级模拟试卷17(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1．The blaze has blackened about 389,000 acres and destroyed 11 buildings.A．lightB．windC．fireD．smog正确答案：C解析：本题难度不大，考查单词的基本意义，干扰项干扰不强，blaze指“大火”，比较明显，C项是近义词，是答案。
2．The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.A．smilingB．laughingC．shoutingD．staring正确答案：D3．Heavy rains that fell in early June have eased a prolonged drought.A．expandedB．frustratedC．lubricatedD．relieved正确答案：D解析：本题难度不大，考查单词的基本意义，干扰项干扰不强。
ease指“缓解”，比较明显，D项是近义词，是答案。
4．Everybody was glad to see Mary back.A．sorryB．sadC．angryD．happy正确答案：D5．Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them.A．controlB．contributeC．conveyD．contact正确答案：A解析：根据搭配结构含义(……事件)判断A(控制)合适。
该句含义是“成功的领导者是事先主导整个事件而不是事后才做反应”。
Contribute v“捐献，贡献，投稿”：convey vt．“搬运，传达”：contact n．“接触，联系”vt．“接触，联系”。
2017职称英语 综合B阅读理解原文与译文 新版教材 精编版
2015职称英语综合B阅读理解原文与译文新版教材王霞老师提示：阅读理解是职称英语考试的关键得分点，可谓“得阅读者得天下”。
在新形势下，唯有踏踏实实的去读、去掌握这些教材内的材料，提高阅读速度，培养阅读能力，才是最应该做的事情。
建议考生熟读以下文章，最好是边阅读边理解，掌握译文。
十七Eiffel Is an Eyeful引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔Some2 300 meters up, near the Eiffel Tower's wind-whipped summit the world comes to scribble3. Japanese,Brazilians, Americans —they graffiti4their names,loves and politics on the cold iron —transforming the most French of monuments into symbol of a world on the move5.世界各地的人们都来到大约300米高，接近埃菲尔铁塔顶端的地方涂鸦。
日本人、巴西人、美国人都在冰冷的铁上涂上自己的名字、喜好和政治观点，使这最具有法兰西色彩的纪念碑成为动感世界的象征。
With Paris laid out in miniature6below，it seems strange that visitors would rather waste time marking their presence than admiring the view7. But the graffiti also raises a question ：Why, nearly 114 years after it was completed,and decades after it ceased to be the world, s tallest structure,is la Tour Eiffel still so popular8?从塔上可以看到巴黎市的远景，但奇怪的是观光者们宁愿花时间留下到此一游的痕迹，而不去观赏风景。
2014年职称英语理工 B级 所有阅读理解及完形填空译文
第四部分阅读理解第一篇福特放弃电动汽车分析人士评论，福特汽车公司放弃电动汽年的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。
通用汽车公司和日本本田汽车公司早于1999年就停止了电池动力汽车的生产，转而开发燃料电池和电池内燃混合机，这对消费者更有吸引力。
福特宣布它现在也要做同样的尝试。
3年前，福特推出名为Think City的双排座汽车和Think或Think Neighbor系列高尔夫车，希望能销售5000辆汽车、10000高尔夫车。
但由于需求不足，截至2002年仅生产了大约1000辆汽车，售出的高尔夫车还不足1700辆。
“关键是我们认为电动车不能代表大众市场环保交通的未来”，福特欧洲区的Tim Holmes于周五说，“我们感觉自己对电力车已做了昀好的尝试。
”Think City系列的运行里程仅53英里，电池充电需6小时。
通用公司的EVI电力车也仅能运行100英里。
昂贵的电池也意味着电动汽车的造价比汽油动力车高出许多。
日本丰田产的RAV4EV系列电动车在美国的售价达42000美元，而同系列的汽油动力车仅售17000美元。
丰田和日产汽车公司是现在仅存的两大电动车制造商。
“应该说电池动力车已经获得了充分的机会。
福特现已转向电池内燃混合机开发项目，我们应据此评价他们的发展。
”Roger Higman，英国Friends of the Earth组织的一位高级交通运动代表这样对《环保新闻》评论说。
日本本田和丰田公司推出的混合机汽车在过去几年取得了良好的销售业绩。
混合动力车比汽油机车运行里程更长，电池又可自行充电。
福特表示，他们认为这样的机车有助于达到美国新制订的车辆排放规定。
不过，这些规定究竟允许怎样的排放物现在还不十分清楚。
六月份通用和戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司赢得一项法庭裁决，可推迟两年执行一项加州法令，该法令要求汽车生产商在2003年前向该州提供10万辆零排放和其他低排放汽车。
制造商希望修改此法令，允许他们生产更多低排放而不是零排放的汽车。
2014年理工B级阅读理解第一至三十三篇译文及注释
阅读理解B级第一至三十三篇为译文及解释第十一篇已考过，不再复习，第二十九篇为2014年新增文章，应重点复习第一篇Ford Abandons Electric VehiclesThe Ford motor company‘s abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology，analysts say．General Motors。
and Honda‘cease d production of battery．powered cars in 1 999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer．Ford has now announced it will do the same．Three years ago．the company introduced the Think City two—seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think Neighbor．It hoped to sell 5，000 cars each year and 10，000 carts．But a lack of demand means only about l，000 of the cars have been produced，and less than 1。
700 carts have been sold so far in 2002．―The bottom line is we don‘t believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market．‖Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday．―We feel we have given electric our best shot‖The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time．General Motors‘EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range。
职称英语理工类B级-17
职称英语理工类B级-17(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、第1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance.∙ A. beats∙ B. matches∙ C. maintains∙ D. announces（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析] break有多种含义。
break是“打破，违犯，折断，超过”，而备选项中只有A有“打”的含义，所以判断beat是答案。
该句含义是“在奥运会上每当运动员打破了以往的比赛记录人们就会为之而欢呼兴奋。
”另外，maintain, announce和match都是常见词，基本含义分别是“保持”，“宣布”和“比得上”。
如：maintain the balance of nature保持自然平衡：announce the winner of the competition 宣布比赛的获胜者；match my strength against yours和你较量力气。
2.It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished.∙ A. pulled down∙ B. rebuilt∙ C. renovated∙ D. whitewashed（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析] demolish这个动词的意思就是“拆毁，毁掉，推翻”，故pull down是正确答案。
其他几个选项均可和houses搭配，但意义和原句不同。
rebuild是“重建”。
如：The house was rebuilt after the fire. 房屋在大火后重建。
职称英语真题理工类B级试题阅读理解及答案
职称英语真题理工类B级试题阅读理解及答案Eye-tracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a GlanceBored of using a mouse? Soon you'll be able to change stuff on your computer screen – and then move it directly onto your smartphone or tablet(平板电脑) –with nothing more than a glance.A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object – a photo, say – and then pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly."The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire, "says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University, UK.Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smartphone or for sharing photos.A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the "Midas touch"(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. "Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at," he says.Christian Holz, a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. "EyeDrop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism," he says. "This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner."While current eye-trackers are rather bulky, mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and isexpected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touch screen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week.31. The eye-tracker technology enables us to______A. change our computer screen.B. focus on anything that interests us.C. get a smartphone connected wirelessly.D. move an object from screen with a glance.32. Why is a button needed?A. To minimize the cost of EyeDrop.B. To choose as many objects as possible.C. To make EyeDrop different from others.D. To select what we want.33. The word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to_______A. application of gaze-tracking in human-computer interaction.B. interaction between human and computer.C. combination of gaze-tracking with input on touch devices.D. generalization of EyeDrop system.34. Which of the following statement is true of eye-trackers for consumer devices.A. They are costly.B. They are available.C. They are installed in Google Glass headset.D. They are expected to come out soon.35. What is Turner likely to study next?A. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps.B. How to present the system in public.C. How to get touch screen involved.D. How to cut and paste content from a public display. 答案：DDCDC。
职称英语理工B级阅读理解答案及解析
xx年职称英语理工B级阅读理解答案及解析以下是关于xx年理工B阅读理解答案及解析，供同学们参考。
Dangers Await Babies with AltitudeWomen who live in the world’s highest munities tend to give birth to under-weight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.1 Research has hinted that newbornsin mountain munities are lighter than average. But it wasn’t clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levelsat high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished — many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor pared with those living lower down. To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birth weight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-ine families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz wereheavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result,” says Giussani. The results suggest that babies born athigh altitude are deprived of2 oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child.3 ‘‘ says Giussani.His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads pared with their bodies4. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body5.Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they’re usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(树冠) of taller indigenous(土生土长的) trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production e increased profits.Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local wildlife habitat. Native birdsnest and hide from predators(捕食者) in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat the coffee plants, but them the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and caneven enter the water that people will eventually drink.Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as “shade grown” and “bird friendly.” Sure, thesevarieties might cost a little more. But we’re paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the pla.I think it’s worth it.More Rural Research Is Needed1 Agricultural research funding is vital if the worldis to feed itself better than it does now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scientist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year, but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead1。
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第十七篇A Sunshade for the PlanetEven with the best will1 in the world, reducing our carbon emissions is not going prevent global warming. It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time, resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.Fortunately, if the worst comes to the worse2, scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves3. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now, that is. A growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale “geoengineering” projects that might be used to counteract global w arming. “I use the analogy of methadone4,” says Stephen Schneider, a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming. “If you have a heroin addict, the correct treatment is hospitalization, and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse, methadone is better than heroin.Basically the idea is to apply “sunscreen” to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth: launch trillions of feather-light discs into space, where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun’s rays. It’s controversial, but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth’s surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1. 8 per cent of the incident energy in the sun’s rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That could be crucial, because even the most severe emissions-control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century, and that would last for at least a century more.注释:1. the best will:昀好的愿望2. if the worst comes to the worst:如果昀昀糟糕的事情发生了。
这是英式英语的用法，在美式英语中它说成if worst comes to worst。
在不同的语境中，有不同的译法。
如: “If the worst comes to the worst，” Becky thought，“my retreat is secure; and I have the right-hand seat in the barouche.”蓓基想道:“逼到昀后一条路，逃难是不怕的了，在他的大马车里，我险稳地有一个位了。
”又如: If the worst comes to the worst，we’ll sell the car.大不了我们把车卖了。
3. scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves:科学家们仍然有些不为人所知的招数。
have something up one’s sleeve是英语成语，意思是: to have a secret idea or plan,有锦囊妙计，有所保留的，秘而不宣的谋略或计划，例如: If this trip doesn’t work out I've still got a few ideas up my sleeve.4. methadone:美沙酮，一种有效的合成麻醉药，它不像吗啡或海洛因那样容易让人上瘾，在戒毒治疗中被用作这些毒品的替代品。
练习:1. According to the first two paragraphs，the author thinks that A strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warming. B to reduce carbon emissions is an impossible mission. C despite the difficulty, scientists have some options to prevent global warming. D actions suggested by scientists will never he realized.2. Scientists resist talking about their options because they don’t want people to A know what they are doing. B feel their efforts are useless C think the problem has been solved. D see the real problem.3. What does Stephen Schneider say about a heroin addict and methadone? A Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict. B Methadone is not a correct way to treat a heroin addict. C Hospitalization together with methadone can work effectively with a heroin addict. D Methadone andheroin arc equally effective in treating a heroin addict.4. What is Stephen Schn eider’s idea of preventing global warming? A To ask governments to take stronger measures. B To increase the sunlight reaching the Earth. C To apply sunscreen to the Earth. D To decrease greenhouse gases.5. What is NOT true of the effectiveness of “sunscreen”, according to the last paragraph? A It deflects sunlight reaching the Earth to counteract the warming. B It blocks the incident energy in the sun’s rays. C It is a controversial method. D It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.答案与题解:1. C 短文第一段讲了防止地球变暧是一项艰巨的任务，第二段说，尽管如此，科学家还是有些办法，所以C是正确选择。
A是错误选择，因为作者认为政府和一些利益集团阻碍了科学家所倡导的行动的实施；B不是作者的观点；D也不是正确选择，因为第一段的昀后一句“ might not be implemented soon enough”并不表明永远不能实现。