The English National Character
The English Character

S PEED READINGThe English Character 英国人的性格The English, as a race, have the reputation of being very different from all other nationalities, including their closest neighbors, the French, Belgians and Dutch. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed many attitudes and habits which distinguish him from other nationalities. 作为一个种族,英国人有着与所有其他民族---包括与离他们最靠近的邻国的法国人、比利时人和荷兰人,都有着非常不同的声誉。
据称,这与英国人生活在一个与欧洲其他地区分开的岛上有很大的关系。
无论是什么原因,可以公平地说,英国人已经养成了许多使他们区别于其他民族的态度和习惯。
Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet,shy ,reserved person who is fully relaxed only among peopl e he knows well. In the presence of strangers or foreigners he often seems inhibited, even embarrassed. You have only to witness a commuter train any morning or evening to see the truth of this. Serious-l ooking businessmen and women sitreading their newspapers or d ozing in a corner; no one speaks. In fact, to do so woul d seem most unusual. An English wit, pretending to be giving advice to overseas visitors, once suggested, “On entering a railway compartment shake hands with all the passengers.” Needl ess to say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood cod e of behavior which, if broken, makes the person immediately the object of suspicion. 一般来说,英国人是安静、害羞、保守的的人,只有对熟悉的人,他才会完全放松。
如何成为国标英雄英语作文

如何成为国标英雄英语作文Title: How to Become a National Standard English Hero。
In today's globalized world, mastering English has become increasingly essential. Being proficient in English not only opens doors to various opportunities but also reflects one's dedication and competence. Becoming a national standard English hero requires commitment, perseverance, and strategic planning. Here are some key steps to achieve this goal:1. Immerse Yourself in the Language: Surround yourself with English as much as possible. Watch English movies, listen to English songs, and read English books. Immerse yourself in the language to familiarize yourself with its nuances and expressions.2. Practice Regularly: Like any skill, mastering English requires consistent practice. Set aside dedicated time each day for language practice. Engage in activitiessuch as speaking, writing, reading, and listening toimprove all aspects of language proficiency.3. Expand Your Vocabulary: Vocabulary plays a crucial role in mastering any language. Make it a habit to learnnew words every day. Utilize flashcards, vocabulary apps,or online resources to expand your word bank. Additionally, pay attention to word usage in different contexts to deepen your understanding.4. Enhance Your Grammar Skills: Good grammar is fundamental to effective communication in English. Review grammar rules regularly and practice applying them in your writing and speaking. Identify common mistakes and work on correcting them systematically.5. Seek Feedback: Feedback is invaluable in language learning. Surround yourself with supportive peers, teachers, or language exchange partners who can provide constructive criticism. Actively seek feedback on your speaking, writing, and comprehension skills to identify areas for improvement.6. Set Specific Goals: Define clear, achievable goals for your English language journey. Whether it's passing a proficiency exam, delivering a presentation in English, or engaging in fluent conversation, setting specific targets will keep you motivated and focused.7. Utilize Resources: Take advantage of various resources available for language learning. Online courses, language exchange programs, tutoring services, and language learning apps can provide valuable support and guidance on your journey to English proficiency.8. Immerse Yourself in English Culture: Understanding the cultural context is essential for mastering any language. Immerse yourself in English-speaking cultures by exploring their traditions, customs, and social norms. This will not only deepen your appreciation for the language but also improve your cultural competency.9. Stay Persistent and Patient: Language learning is a journey that requires time and patience. There will be challenges and setbacks along the way, but don't let themdiscourage you. Stay persistent in your efforts and maintain a positive attitude towards learning.10. Celebrate Your Progress: Recognize and celebrate your achievements, no matter how small. Every milestone you reach brings you closer to becoming a national standard English hero. Reflect on how far you've come and use your progress as motivation to keep pushing forward.In conclusion, becoming a national standard English hero is an attainable goal for anyone willing to put in the effort and dedication. By following these steps and staying committed to your language learning journey, you can achieve fluency and proficiency in English, earning recognition as a language champion in your nation.。
中国英语国宝级作文

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The English Reserve and Politeness_英语阅读

• Topic: Daily Use of Some Expressions
• advance apology: apologize in advance/ before
doing something
• be granted: be allowed
• entitle to: to give the right to
• When a stranger start the conversation with a
British, what will be his reaction?
4
• reserved: adj. (of a person) that does not like to talk about himself or to make his feeling known. 缄默,沉默
author’s purpose to write this article?
3
Ⅲ Comprehension and Language Points
Para. 1 -2
• Topic: British people’s reserve
• What kind of person is a reserved person?
bearing, appearance
态度,姿态
• irritating: adj. annoying
6
Para.4 British people’s sense of humor
• Topic: • What kind of humor do the British have?
A. self-deprecation B. an attitude to life C. never cruel or disrespectful or malicious • malicious: adj. harmful; hateful
词汇学 重点

Questions( 简答+例子)1.The fundamental features of the basic word stock of the English vocabulary (1). National character(全民通用性):Words of the basic word stock belong to the people as a whole, not to a limited group.(2). Stability(稳定性):As words in the basic word stock denote the commonest things necessary to life, they are likely to remain unchanged. However, a certain number of Old English words have dropped out of the basic word stock, while new words have joined the rank of basic words, following social and technological changes.(3). Word-forming ability(构词):Basic words are very active in forming new words.(4). Ability to form collocations(搭配能力):Basic words combine readily with other words to form habitual expressions and phrases.Since the great majority of the basic word stock are native words, they are naturally the ones used most frequently in everyday speech and writing.2.WHY Native words are the core of the English vocabularyFirst, because the native words are form the great majority of the basic word stock of the English language. And the basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over a number of epochs.Second, they make up the most familiar, most useful part of the English vocabulary. So we say that native words are the core of the English vocabulary for its importance.3.Causes for changes in the meanings of words①historical cause. One meaning has changed because the object it denoted has changed. For example, “pencil” is from Latin word meaning “a little tail” or a fine brush”, like our Chinese “pen”(毛笔). Later ,when it was made of wood and graphite, it was still called a “pencil”.②Social cause. Change in word meaning resulting from a constant verbal traffic between common words and various technical words is referred to as social cause of semantic change. For example, the word “allergic” means “being unusually sensitive to the action of particular foods, pollens, insect-bites, etc.” But when used as a popular word, it means “having a dislike; unable to get on well with”, as in “I am allergic to hypocrites”.③Foreign influences. The influence of foreign words has caused change of words’meanings. Sometimes a Saxon word which had a general sense has been replaced by a French word or a Latin derivative, but the original word has survived with a restricted meaning. Thus the Saxon word “doer”(=deer) meant a wild animal of any sort from a lion to a mouse.④Linguistic cause. It includes two tendencies, towards ellipsis and towards analogy. Ellipsis often occurs in habitual collocations, such as adj+n, in which the first element is left. For example, private come to be used as a noun denoting “a soldier of the lowest rank”. Because at first it is “private soldier”; The analogical tendencypoints out that new meanings developed in one part of speech are passed on to other parts of speech from the same lexical base. For instance, diplomatic means firstly “skillful in managing international relations,”had by 1862 developed the sense of “tactful in the management of relations of any kind.” Then this new meaning had been passed on the noun diplomacy.⑤Psychological cause. 1. euphemism.委婉Use mild words to describe an unpleasant fact. “pass away””to breathe one’s last”-”death”; “to go to the toilet”-”urinate” 2. grandiloquence. 美化Use long, important-sounding words for effect. “custodian”-”janitor”“landscape architect” 3. cynicism讽刺desire to sneer and to be sarcastic. Pious may mean “hypocritically virtuous”in addition to its primary meaning “having, showing deep devotion to religion”. Fanatic, “unreasonable enthusiastic, almost approaching to madness”.4.The major differences between American English and British English①pronunciation. The chief difference lie in the vowel sounds, which are shown in the attached table. Ate/et/ in British English, but /eit/ in American English. So as stress. ‘Address in British English, ad’dress in American English.②spelling. The American variant if simpler than its English counterpart. Colour-color, centre-center, aesthetic-esthetic③grammar. British English commonly adds should to the subordinate clause while the American English not. And there are differences in prepositions, aim to, aim at....④vocabulary. Words without counterparts. Same words, different meanings. Bill in America means bank note, but means a demand for payment of a debt in Britain. Common ideas, different words. Alumnus in America means graduate in Britain.5.The role of context in determination of word meaning①Eliminating ambiguities which result from polysemy and hyponymy. He tipped the chess-board, dumping the men( a playing piece used in chess) to the floor.②Conveying emotional overtones. The sentence “You’ve got us into a nice(bad) mess.”, is ironic and acquires an unfavorable sense.③Indicating referents and the range of the meaning of a word. Betty told Mary that Alice was angry. She said it secretly. But she didn’t believe her. But she wasn’t angry. Without the context, we don’t know who she is. Another example, Man is mortal. We know the man infers the whole of mankind.6.The major sources of English idiomsTen sources:(1) From everyday life: to make ends meet(2) Agricultural life: to go to seed(3) Nautical and military life: in the same boat(4) business life: come under the hammer(5) student life: read between the line(6) food and drinking: keep the pot boiling(7) sports and card-playing: keep the ball rolling(8) Bible: thorn in the flesh(9) Shakespeare’s play: give the Devil his due公开对待(10) fables, myths, and legends: sour grapes7.The causes for the rapid growth of neologisms after world war II① marked progress of science and technology. Example: to blast off(炸掉,炸毁) ,to countdown ,capsule,launching pad②socio-economic(社会经济), political and cultural changes. Example: roller-hockey , surfriding, skydiving(跳伞运动), disignated hitter③the influence from other cultures and languages. Example: cosmonaut , discotheque(小舞厅,迪斯科舞厅), ombudsman(调查官员舞弊情况的政府官员), apartheid(种族隔离).Differences between A and B1. A. inflectional affixes B. derivational affixesInflectional affixes have only their particular grammatical meaning, as with the plural morpheme -s and the past tense morpheme -ed. But derivational affixes are added to another morpheme and “derive” a new word. Re+write, mini+car...2. A. restriction of meaning (specialization)B.extension of meaning (generalization)The former means a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower, specialized sense which is applicable to only one of the objects it had previously denoted. Meat: food, especially solid food, as distinguished form drink.-the flesh of animals used as food, excluding fish and birds. The latter means the widening of a word’s sense until it covers much more than what it originally conveyed. Bird from old English means a young bird, but now it means general term for feathered creatures with two legs and two wings, usu. able to fly.3. A. clipping B. blendingClipping involves the deletion of one or more syllables from a word. Ad= advertisement, auto= automobile, champ= champion. Blending involves a new word is formed by combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms. Smog= smoke+ fog. Medicare= medical+ care.4. A. free morphemes B. bound morphemesFree morphemes: These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. E.g., man, earth, wind, car, anger.Bound morphemes: These morphemes cannot occur as separate words and theyare bound to other morphemes to form words. -s, -ed, re-5. A. initialisms B. acronymsInitialisms is a type of shortening, using the first letter of words to form a proper name, or a phrase, which is pronounced letter by letter, BBC, CNN. But acronyms are words formed from the initial letter of name of an organization or a scientific term. They are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letter. TOEFL...7. A. polysemy B. homonymyMore than one meaning is attached to a word is polysemy, .run.. two or more words may have the same form but be different in meaning is homonymy. (i)8. A. common words B. literary words(1) Common or popular words are words connected with the ordinary things or activities necessary to everyday life. The great majority of English words are common words . The core of the common words is the basic word stock. They are stylistically (在文体上) neutral , and hence they are appropriate in both formal and informal writing and speech.(2) Literary words are chiefly used in writing, especially in books written in a more elevated(升高的,提高的,崇高的)style, in official documents, or in formal speeches. They are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.9. A. archaic words B. poetic wordsArchaic words are words no longer in common use, which are employed in poetry, business letters, legal documents, religious speeches, and prose. Abed, in bed, behold, see....But poetic words are traditional words, used only in poems. The deep, the sea, betwixt, between. Some words are both archaic words and poetic words.10. A. root B. stemRoot is a form which is not further analyzable , either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology. Desire.. a Stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. It is part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. Undesirables desire- undesirableTerms1. hyponymy: relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items, such that the former is “included” in the latter.2. morpheme: is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.3. function words: are often short words such as determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliaries, and so forth. They do not have much lexical meaning and some of them have no lexical meaning of their own. They serve grammatically more than anything else.4. allomorph: is any of the variants forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds.5. compounding: a word-formation process consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit, a compound word.6. derivation:a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix, or suffix, or both, to the base.7. back-formation: a term used to refer to a type of word-formation by which a shorter words is coined by the deletion of a supposed affix from a longer form already present in the language.8. root: is a basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word.9. homograph: words identical in spelling but different in sound and meaning.10. homophone: words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning.自行整理,如有错误,请指出!。
如何称呼爱国人士英语作文

如何称呼爱国人士英语作文1. Patriot。
A patriot is someone who loves their country deeply and is willing to sacrifice for its well-being. They are passionate about their nation and its values, and they actively work towards its progress and prosperity.2. Nationalist。
A nationalist is someone who believes in thesuperiority of their own nation and prioritizes its interests above others. They are proud of their country's culture, history, and achievements, and they advocate for its independence, sovereignty, and unity.3. Defender。
A defender is someone who protects and safeguards their country from external threats. They may serve in themilitary or law enforcement agencies, or they may actively support and promote national security measures. Defenders are committed to ensuring the safety and stability of their nation.4. Advocate。
National Identity《综合英语 (第三册)(第二版)》

Tips: While certain common elements contribute to the formation of one’s national identity, the reasons for those choices can also be personal.
2) What is the national identity of the United States, and how does it relate to each of us as individuals?
Main menu
Part One: Navigation
2. Activities
Main menu
Part One: Navigation
• When it comes to the idea of national identity, what thoughts, feelings or question do you have? Tips: National feeling is, essentially, the individual’s feeling of relatedness to the national group or, more generally, a form of group belonging.
Teaching plan:
1. lead–in Questions for class discussion:
1) Where does a nation’s identity come from? How can individuals with so many different identities come together to form a national identity?
The English Character

The English CharacterPersonality is to man what perfume is to a flower.人的品格,犹如花的香味。
To other Europeans ,The best known quality of the British,and in particular of the English,is"reserved".A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers,does not show much emotion,and seldom gets excited.It is difficult to know a reserved person:He never tells you nothing about himself,and you may work with him for years without ever knowing where he lives,how many children he has,and his interests are.English people tend to be like that .Closely related to English reserve is English modesty. Within their hearts,the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else,but in their relations with others they value at less a show of modesty.Self-praise is felt to be impolite.If a person is,let us say,very good at tennis and someone asks him if he is a good player,he will seldom reply"yes",because people will thing him conceited.He will probably give an answer like," I'm not bad,"or"I thing I'm very good,"or"Well,I'm very keen on tennis."Even if he had managed to reach the finals in last year's local championships,he would say that it in such a way as to suggest that it was only due to a piece of good luck.Since reserve and modesty are part of his own nature,the typical English tends to expect them in others.He secretly looks down on more excitable nations,and likes to think of himself as more reliable than they are.He doesn't trust big promise and open shows of feelings,especially if praise of any kind.This applies not only to what other people may tell him about themselves orally,but to the letters they may write to him.To those who are fond of flowery expressions,the Englishman may appear uncomfortably cold.英国人的性格在其他欧洲人看来,英国人,尤其是英格兰人,最著称的特点是“保守”。
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• Closely related to English reserve is English modesty. Within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty. Self-praise is felt to be impolite. If a person is, let us say, very good at tennis and someone asks him if he is a good player, he will seldom reply “Yes,” because people will think him conceited. He will probably give an answer like, “I‟m not bad,” or “I think I‟m very good,” or “Well, I‟m very keen on tennis.” (i.e. I‟m very fond of it.) even if he had managed to reach the finals in last year‟s local championships, he would say it in such a way as to suggest that it was only due to a piece of good luck
The British National Character
In your mind, what is an English like?
conservative
polite
modest
humorous
selfconceited
sportsman ship
cold
practical
Because of the geography, history, culture and other reasons, the world of each nation to form the differences from other national characters. British is not exceptional also, after thousands of years of social change, they formed its own unique way of thinking and behavior, and other countries with people's different quality and characteristics. Generally speaking, we have the following several characteristics:
What a typical Englishman think?
• He secretly looks down on more excitable nations, and likes to think of himself as more reliable than they. • He doesn‟t trust big promises and open shows of feelings. • To those who are fond of flowery expressions, the Englishman may appear uncomfortably cold.
reserved: adj. (of a person or his character) slow to show feelings or express opinions, disposition, manner, etc. 寡 言的;矜持的; conservative: adj. opposed to great or sudden change 保守的, 守旧的; adj. & n.保守党(的)
Most British people have conservative ideology and not willing to accept new things. The symbol of British animal is “John Bull”(约翰牛), because John is the most common English name even while the cow feature is stubborn clumsy (笨拙). In the history, from the state systeБайду номын сангаас to royal status, Britain„s innovation(创新)is slower than other European countries. And what sustain the whole British society, just is the deep traditional and inflexible conservative style.
★5th sportsmanship
1 Finally, sportsmanship. Like a sense of humor, this is an English ideal which not all Englishmen live up to. English people have a strong love for sports. Soccer is one of most popular event and thereis a large number of loyal fans. But their enthusiasm at times has turned them to violence. Crowd disturbances often occurred. Among the football fans, British fans are the most notorious(声名 狼藉) all over the world.
★ 4th
Aloof and cold(冷峻孤傲 )
Most of the British and others out of tune with Uncompromising character. Equivocal character of the British the most obvious features, they do not want to speak more than others, and never talk about themselves, feelings are not exposed, but not glowing terms. Other countries is very difficult to understand the inner world of the British. Why do the British have a proud and aloof personality characteristics? Reasons. First, Britain is an island, cut off the English Channel it and the outside world, the British did not even see themselves as Europeans. Second, the British history of this nation are very proud of. Among them,the final version of the Bible and Shakespeare's plays had a tremendous impact on the Western and world culture . British Council is Europe's oldest parliament, the United Kingdom is the world's first country to complete the Industrial Revolution. Special geographical location and unique history of civilization makes the country the British created the current character.
• human: adj. showing the feelings, esp. those of kindness, which human beings have 有人性的,有人情味的 Example
He seems quite human when you know him.
★ 2th modest
★ 3th English sense of humor
1
The famous English sense of humor is similar. Its starting-point is selfdispraise, and its great enemy is conceit. Its object is the ability to laugh at oneself---at one’s own faults, one’s own failure, even at one’s own ideals. The criticism, “He has no sense of humor” is very commonly heard in Britain, where humor is highly prized. A sense of humor is an attitude to life rather than the mere ability to laugh at jokes. This attitude is never cruel or disrespectful or malicious. The English do not laugh at a cripple or a madman, or a tragedy or an honorable failure. 著名的英国式幽默感也与此相似, 其出发点是自贬,其大敌是自负。 其目的是能够自嘲——嘲笑自己 的错误,自己的失败,甚至自己 的理想。在英国,幽默感受到高 度重视,经常听到“他没有幽默 感”这样的评论。幽默感是对生 活的一种态度,而不仅仅是一听 到笑话就能够开怀大笑。这种态 度决不是冷酷,决不是无礼,决 不是恶毒。英国人从不嘲笑残疾 人或精神病人,也从不会对一件 悲惨的或虽败犹荣的事情幸灾乐 祸。