grammar 直接引语和间接引语
Grammar直接引语与间接引语
He asked , “Can I borrow your bike?”
He asked whether/if he could borrow my bike.
Tom said to me, “Do you like football?”
Tom asked me whether/if I liked football.
He said that he liked it very much. He said to me,“I’ve left my book in your room.”
He told me that he had left his book in my room.
直接引语中的状语
间接引语中的状语
状 语 变 化
My brother said to me, “I’m going to have a holiday next week.
My brother told me he was going to have a holiday the next week.
Mother said to me, “What are you doing in the room?” Mother asked me what I was doing in the room.
直接引语为疑问句时变间接引语的句型变化：
直接引语为疑问句时，变为间接引语时除注意在人称、 时态和状语等方面相应变化外，还应注意：
• 间接引语应改为陈述语序。 • 特殊疑问句的疑问词应保留。 • 一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句在变为间接引语时要用连 词whether(或if)。 “Is there something wrong,Madam?”asked the policeman. The policeman asked the woman whether/if there was something wrong. She asked, “What it is? What’s going to happen now?” She asked what it was and what was going to happen then. “It’s Mary,isn’t it?”asked Jane. Jane asked whether it was Mary.
Grammar直接引语间接引语
Exercises:
1. Do you think _________ an English film tomorrow night? A. is there B. there is going to be C. there is going to have D. will there be
2. What did Mike say? He said ___________. A. if you were free the next week B. what color was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring
Grammar
Direct Speech And Indirect Speech
基本概念
1、直接引语和间接引语都属于宾语从句 2、直接引语和间接引语的概念 一字不改地引述别人的话 1）、直接引语：
用说话人自己的话转述别 2）、间接引语： 人的话
直接引语为陈述句
直接引语为陈述句，用that引导（口语中可 以省略）。引述动词有：say, tell等。
“What do you think of the film?” she said to
her friend. She asked her friend what she thought of the film.
The teacher said to the students, “Stop talking.”
直接引语为疑问句（2）
“Where is it?” he asked. He asked where it was. “When will he come?” she asked. She asked when he would come. 3）、直接引语为选择疑问句，变为间接引语 时应用whether…or…。 e.g. “Do you like tea or coffee?” she asked me. She asked me whether I like tea or coffee.
1Grammar直接引语与间接引语
4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said _________. D A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher
5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” C very naughty. →He _____A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was 6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked. B →She asked ________. A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.
if
it is easy to improve the condition of the soil. is was
asked
They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.
3.对特殊疑问句的转述，常使用原来的疑问 词作连词。
2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话 时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变 The children said, “We love this game.” The children said that they love that game. 3. 主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述 时，时态不变。 She says, “I’ll never forget the days in the country.” She says that she’ll never forget the days in the country.
Grammar直接引语和间接引语
Grammar直接引语和间接引语Direct Speech & Indirect SpeechDefinition引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。
直接引语:直接引用别人的原话(两边用引号“ ”标出)间接引语:用自己的语言转述别人的话(不需要引号)直接引语转换为间接引语时，…要有变化，如何变化呢?句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化(一)人称的转变He said, “I am very sorry. ”She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight. ”“You should be more careful next time, ” my father told me.He said that he was very sorry.She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。
(二)时态的转换“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said.She said she was very glad to visit our school.Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music. ”Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?”Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. Conclusion直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态: 一般现在时 一般过去时现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时一般将来时 过去将来时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 不变过去进行时 不变(三)时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化Now…thenToday…that dayYesterday…the day beforelast week(month)..the week(month)beforeTomorrow…the next(following)daynext year…the year beforetwo days ago…two days beforeThis…thatThese…thoseHere…thereCome…goBring…take(四) 从句时态无须改变的情况He always says, “I am tired out. ”He always says that he is tired out.He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you. ”He will say that he will try his best to help me.He said, “I went to college in 1994. ”He told us that he went to college in 1994.He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after s chool. ”He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound. ”Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.He said，“Practice makes perfect. ”He said that practice makes perfect.He said, “She must be a teacher. ”He said that she must be a teacher.The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water. ”The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.Conclusion1. 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候2. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候3. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时4. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时5. 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时6. 当引语是谚语、格言时7. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might,must, ought to, used to, need时(五)直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化陈述句He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ”He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday. ”He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。
20-21版：Grammar——直接引语和间接引语 (Ⅰ) (创新设计)
Grammar——直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)[思维导图]对于直接引语和间接引语的掌握，我们可以遵循这样一个原则：一个概念，两种形式，三种句型，四种变化。
一个概念：直接引述别人的原话，叫作直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫作间接引语。
两种形式：直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用加引号。
三种句型：陈述句、疑问句和祈使句。
四种变化：人称、时态、语序和状语。
1.连接词的选择直接引语变为间接引语时，不同种类的句子有着不同的变化方式。
陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为间接引语时都转化成了宾语从句，宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
The boy said，“I like playing basketball very much.”→The boy said that he liked playing basketball very much.The teacher asked the boy，“Do you like playing basketball？”→The teacher asked the boy whether he liked playing basketball.2.人称变化直接引语变为间接引语时，人称的变化遵循这样的规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
(1)“一随主”。
若直接引语中有第一人称，变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称相一致。
She said，“My brother wants to go with me.”→She said her brother wanted to go with her.(2)“二随宾”。
若直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致。
She said to me，“You had better get there early.”→She told me that I had better get there early.(3)“第三人称不更新”。
直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。
grammar19 直接引语和间接引语
A 【高考真题 4】The reporter said that the UFO _____________east to west when he saw it. (NMET 2000) A. was traveling B.traveled C.had been traveling D.was to travel
直接引语是祈使句变间接引语 （not) to do sth 句型
tell/ask/order sb
5.He told his son, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” He told his son that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
点评： A ,C 不符合宾语从句的语序，可排除。英语中常用it代替不明身份的，或心目 中的人。
二. 宾语从句的时态呼应
A 【高考真题 3】I wonder why Jenny __________ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.( NMET 2002) A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written
3.Master the changes of pronouns, verbs, adverbials of time and places.
Self-study with questions
Try to change the following sentences into Indirect Speech. 1.She said to me, “I’m studying Japanese these days.”
课件9：Grammar
John sa books.
3.直接引语为祈使句
直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时将祈使句的动 词原形变为带to的不定式。引述动词有：tell, ask, order等,其句型是：tell/ask/order someone (not) to do something 。它没有时态的变化。其他的变化和 直接引语是陈述句的情况相同。 例如：
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Winners :
一、陈述句
S---V---that--从句
二、一般疑问句或选择疑问句
S---V---if/ whether从句
三、特殊疑问句
S--V--wh—从句
四、祈使句
S---V/ ordered/told/ asked—Sb.—(not) to do
五、感叹句
S--V--how/what/that--从句
祈使句改间接引语后是结构:~ sb. (not) to do sth. 注意以下几点: 1.said/said to要变成 asked/told/order/advise 等可跟不定式作宾补的动词。 2.呼语变宾语，please要去掉。
3.特殊句子改法： 1) I said to him, “Let’s start at once.”
I suggested to him that we (should) start at once. (let 引导的句子改成that 引导的宾语从句) 2) He said: “How happy I am!” He said that he was very happy. 或 He said how happy he was. (感叹句改成 that/what/how 引导的宾语从句)
直接引语和间接引语(陈述句和疑问句)Grammar
1. She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.” 1. She often says (that) all men and women are equal under the law.
1. 直接引语转变为间接引语时, 从句由 that引导, 可省略; 主句动词为一般将 来时或现在时, 从句动词时态不变。
一般现在时 现在完成时 现在进行时 一般将来时 一般过去时
过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时
不变
1. “It is really cold,” she said to me. She told me that it ____ was really cold. 2. “I don’t want to go there with Alice,”
直接引语(变化前)
一般过去时 “I saw her last Monday,” he said.
间接引语(变化后)
过去完成时 He said he had seen her the previous Monday.
直接引语(变化前) 一般将来时 He said: “We shall start tomorrow.” 过去完成时
直接引语(变化前) 现在完成时 “I have seen her before,” said he. 现在完成进行时 He said, “I have been doing it for hours.”
间接引语(变化后) 过去完成时 He said he had seen her before. 过去完成进行时 He said he had been doing it for hours.
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（Direct Speech and Reported Speech）
是神马？
引语的概念
直接引语
直接引述别人的原话，叫____________;
用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫
间接引语
_________。
下列句子是什么引语？
•She said,"I do not want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
•She said that she did not want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
她说：“我是宇宙无敌超级美少女。
”
直接引语
她说：“我是宇宙无敌超级美少女。
：“”
她说她是宇宙无敌超级美少女。
怎么变?
•她说：“我是宇宙无敌超级美少女。
”
•她说她是宇宙无敌超级美少女。
一变标点
二变人称
怎么变?
•she says,"I am a super pretty girl."•she says I am a super pretty girl.•she says that she is a super pretty girl./\
that
今天我是宇宙
无敌超级
美少女。
第二天
what did she
say yesterday?
•she said," I am a super pretty girl."•she said that she was a super pretty girl."
一变标点
二变人称
三变时态
解题步骤: 1.陈述句
“I don’t like computers,”Sandy said to her friends.
Sandy said to her friends that I don’t like
computers.
she
said didn’t
Sandy said to her friends that she
didn’t like computers.
2.一般疑问句:
Is it easy to work out the problem?
( They asked him )
They asked him if It is easy to work out the problem .it is easy to work out the problem.
asked
is was They asked him if it was easy to work out the problem.
3.特殊疑问句：When do you arrive in Australia?
( They asked him )They asked him when you arrive in Australia
you arrive in Australia.
he arrived
They asked him when he arrived Australia.
【2011广西】
1.“Why do you stay at home?”my father asked.（把直接引语改为间接引语）My father asked ________I _______at home.
【2011上海】
2. “Are you interested in this?”he said.
He _______ _______ I was interested in _______
why stayed asked if that
【2011河北】
3. “Do you know where she lives?”he asked.He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.
【2011西安】
4.Lucy said to me, “How can I help?”
→Lucy asked me_______she______ help.if I lived how could。