专四阅读考纲解读
专四阅读书目大纲
专四阅读书目大纲
专四阅读书目大纲一开始先给出自己的核心观点，然后具体一步步论证。
因此，这类文章的主题句往往出现在首段或段首句。
文章的首段或尾段往往提出或总结出文章的主旨或结论。
在其他结构的文章中，首段的末句或第二段的首句也是主题句的高发命题点，特别是当文章的首句后出现转折性陈述，而所涉及的主体事物没有发生转变时，那么文章的主题句往往是转折词后出现的与首句相对立的结论。
主题句在末段出现的情况相对比较少，只有当文章首句出现了转折性的陈述，而且观点和论述的主体事物均发生了改变，主题句才会在文章结尾出现。
复杂句包括各种插入语、长句、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系、文章段落的理解等等。
解答这类阅读题时，考生一定要注意弄清复杂句的层次逻辑关系。
复杂句尤其是表示条件或让步的主从复合句中也常暗含着作者
的观点和态度；特殊句型或特殊句式及虚拟语气也以不同一般陈述句的方式，预示着所说内容的重要，这部分内容一般是与作者的观点态度有着密切的关系。
因果关系的句子也是命题者所青睐的出题来源，因为因果句阐述了两个事件或者事实之间的内在联系，是作者进行分析或者得出结论的地方。
出题者为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常会把含有因果关系的句子倒过来考，因此选项中因变成了果、果变成了因，
考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系，防止受到迷惑。
英语专业四级阅读真实文章解读
英语专业四级阅读真实文章解读在英语专业四级考试中，阅读部分占据了相当大的比重，其中真实文章解读更是考察学生对英语文章的理解和分析能力。
在本文中，将针对英语专业四级阅读真实文章解读部分进行详细解析，帮助考生提升阅读能力和解题技巧。
一、理解文章主旨在进行真实文章解读时，首先需要确保对文章的主旨有清晰的理解。
在阅读文章的过程中，可以通过注意文章的标题、首段和结尾来初步了解文章的主题。
而在具体解读文章时，需要注意抓住作者的中心思想和观点，理解文章的逻辑结构和论证方式。
通过对整篇文章的梳理和分析，可以更好地把握文章的主旨。
二、理解词汇和句子在阅读真实文章时，遇到一些生词或者复杂的句子时，需要注意对其进行理解。
可以通过上下文的信息进行猜测和推断，寻找线索来弄清楚词语的意思。
在解读句子时，要注意句子的主谓宾等基本句型结构，尤其是长句，可以通过拆分句子进行理解。
通过对文章中的词汇和句子进行准确理解，可以提高对文章整体的理解程度。
三、解析作者观点和态度真实文章往往涉及到作者的观点和态度，阅读过程中要通过细致的分析找出作者的立场，并理解作者对于某个观点或者事件的看法。
可以通过作者使用的词语和表达方式来推测作者的态度，如使用明确的肯定或否定词语、使用比较级或最高级的形容词等。
同时也要注意识别作者所提供的论据和例证，从而更好地理解作者观点的支持和论证方式。
四、把握文章结构和逻辑关系在解读真实文章时，需要理解文章的整体结构和各段之间的逻辑关系。
可以通过关注段落开头和结尾的过渡性词语，如“首先”、“最后”等，来把握文章的层次结构。
此外，要注意识别文章中的因果关系、比较关系、并列关系等逻辑关系，从而更好地理清文章的脉络。
五、做好细节理解和推断真实文章中常常会包含一些细节信息，学生需要通过仔细阅读和理解，准确把握其中的细节内容。
同时，在解读文章时还需要注意推断能力的培养，通过推理和猜测得出一些可能的答案。
通过对文章细节的理解和推断，可以更好地解答细节题和推理题。
英语专业四级阅读理解题型分类解析
英语专业四级阅读理解题型分类解析专四阅读除了掌握一定的答题技巧外，我们还可以从题型特点出发，针对不同类型的考题进行备考练习。
根据考纲的要求，阅读题型可以分为六类，分别是主旨类、态度类、细节类、推理类、词汇类和指代类。
1. 主旨类主旨类题型要求考生能从整体上把握文章大意，能准确无误地理解作者的观点、论述方式和逻辑。
此类题型常见的提问形式有What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ?What is this passage mainly (primarily)concerned with ?The main theme of this passage is .The main point of the passage is .It is clear from this passage that .解答此类题型，需要完整阅读全文，最好的办法是列出提纲和小标题，先在心里自己总结一下全文的主旨，再对比选项进行选择。
此类题型常见的干扰项有几种。
一种是基本观点错误，即选项表述的内容与阅读文章中的观点相左，这是比较容易判断的一类。
另一种是观点表述不全面，选项中的陈述仅选取了文章中的分论点之一进行说明，而忽略了文中其他主要内容，以偏概全，这样的干扰项因为与文章内容相似度高，观点准确，因此迷惑性较大，需要缜密地思维和谨慎地判断。
第三种干扰项是对主题的总结过于宽泛，涵盖了文章中没有涉及的内容，这一类型虽然不常见，但却是最隐蔽、最容易造成判断失误的陷阱。
2. 态度类此类题型比主旨类题型稍难，因为需要在把握全文大意的基础上，体会作者想要表达的态度。
解答此类题目，首先需要对描述态度的词汇熟悉，否则就根本无法答题。
以下是常见的态度题型选项中出现的词汇：表示赞许、支持、喜爱的positive 肯定的，实际的，积极的，确实的favorable 赞成的，有利的，赞许的，良好的approval 赞成，承认，正式批准enthusiastic 狂热的，热心的，积极的supportive 支持的，支援的defensive 为……而辩护;防守的表示否定、反对、批评的negative 否定的，消极的disapproval 不赞成objection 异议opposition 反对hostile 敌对的，有敌意的critical 批评的contemptuous 轻蔑的，侮辱的ironic 说反话的，讽刺的sarcastic 反讽的表示质疑、不解的suspicious 可疑的，怀疑的doubtful 可疑的，不确的，疑心的puzzling 使迷惑的，使莫明其妙的表示客观、中立、公平的objective 客观的neutral 中立的impartial 公平的，不偏不倚的disinterested 无私的impersonal 非个人的unprejudiced 没有偏见的unbiased 没有偏见的detached 不含个人偏见的其他reserved 有所保留的，保留意见的radical 激进的moderate 适度的，适中的mild 温和的，温柔的，轻微的，适度的indignant 愤怒的，愤慨的concerned 关注的subjective 主观的pessimistic 悲观的unconcerned / indifferent 不关心的 / 漠然的有的文章中，作者观点明确，文章基调清楚，只要抓住关键词，就可以准确无误地回答。
英语专业四级完型题阅读题详讲
应对策略：寻读（scanning），定位相关代词的出处，离它最近且单复数一致的名词即是。注意英语中“they”既可指代人也可指代物。
应对策略：推理类题，可能是针对文章整体也可能是针对某个细节。
如果是前者，跳读（skimming）文章的开头、结尾及段落的首句和尾句。即可得出答案。
如果是后者，寻读（scanning）相应段落并仔细研读相应细节。
词汇类
According to the author ,the word "…"means_______.
3
(2 )What does “they” satnd for in Line 3, Paragraph 2?
4
What does “their” satnd for in Line 3, Paragraph 2?
5
What does “its” refer to in Line 3, Paragraph 2?
所选的单词或短语是否符合本句内容，使上下文连贯和谐，与全文意义相协调。
所选的单词或短语是否符合某种固定搭配。
所选的单词或短语是否符合某种句型、时态、语态的特殊要求。
所选词本身或附近的词有无特殊要求，必要时对个别答案仍需推敲，发现不妥，要重新考虑，但应慎重，无绝对把握，仍应相信第一感觉。
从以下几方面对所选答案进行核查：
语篇线索：有时完形填空的各选项同为表示一定逻辑关系或承接关系的词或词组。选项同为单词时首先看四个选项是否词性相同。若连词、副词混杂，先分析原句成分是否完整，可参考标点符号或其他连词的存在。确定所需的词性后，再判断逻辑题在原文中所涉及的范围。有时只是几个词之间的关系。常出现在完形填空部分的逻辑关系表示方式有连词、副词、语气词及插入语、词组（介词词组）等。
专四阅读详解
星期1 MondayNothing seek, nothing find.没有追求就没有收获。
I still remember — my hands and my fingertips still remember! — what used to lie in store for us on our return to school from the holidays. The trees in the schoolyard would be in full leaves again, and the old leaves would be lying around in scattered heaps like a muddy sea of leaves.“Get that all swept up!” the headmaster would tell us. “I want the whole place cleaned up, at once!” There was enough work there, to last for over a week. Especially since the only tools with which we were provided were our hands, our fingers, our nails. “Now see that it‟s done properly, and be quick about it,” the headmaster would say to the older pupils, “or you‟ll have to answer for it!”So at an order from the older boys we would all line up like peasants about to cut and gather in crops. If the work was not going as quickly as the headmaster expected, the big boys, instead of giving us a helping hand, used to find it simpler to whip us with branches pulled from the trees. In order to avoid these blows, we used to bribe our tyrants with the juicy cakes we used to bring for our midday meal. And if we happened to have any money on us the coins changed hands at once. If we did not do this, if we were afraid of going home with an empty stomach or an empty purse, the blows were re-doubled. They hit us so violently and with such devilish enjoyment that even a deaf and dumb person would have realized that we were being flogged not so much to make us work harder, but rather to beat us into a state of obedience in which we would be only too glad to give up our food and money.Occasionally one of us, worn out by such calculated cruelty, would have the courage to complain to the headmaster. He would of course be angry, but the punishment he gave the older boys was always very small — nothing compared to what they had done to us. And the fact is that however much we complained our situation did not improve in the slightest. Perhaps we should have let our parents know what was going on, but somehow we never dreamed of doing so; I don‟t know whether it was loyalty or pride that kept us silent, but I can see now that we were foolish to keep quiet about it, for such beatings were completely foreign to our nature.1. From the way the headmaster spoke, we can learn that[A] he was ordering the older boys to do the work at once.[B] he actually expected everyone to join the work.[C] he did not care who did the work provided it was done quickly and properly.[D] he wanted the older boys to take the responsibility rather than work themselves.2. The older boys beat the younger ones so hard because[A] they were too lazy to work themselves and enjoyed being cruel.[B] they knew this would make them offer bribes and food and money.[C] the headmaster would be angry with them if the work was not done.[D] the younger ones would work much faster and harder.3. What would some of the younger ones occasionally do if they‟re beaten?[A] Bribe the older ones with their midday meals.[B] Give any money they have to the older ones.[C] Bear the cruelty without daring to say a word.[D]Tell the headmaster about what had happened.4. What‟s the result of boys‟ complaining to the headmaster about their sufferings?[A] The older boys were taught a good lesson.[B] The older boys got a suitable punishment.[C] It only made matters worse.[D] It made no difference at all.5. It is implied in the passage that[A] the headmaster was very unreasonable since he put the older boys in charge of the work.[B] the younger boys were quite willing to offer their food and money for they were obedient.[C] the older boys didn‟t get any punishment because they had had the work finished quickly.[D] the writer seems to feel regret for not having told their parents about their sufferings at school.Text BUniversal values are always to be found underlying the Olympic Games: participation, enthusiasm, courage, commitment, loyalty, determination, will and true nobility of soul. During the 17 days of fierce competition, with the support of strength and technique, the world‟s champions will be decided by their own strength, determination and skill, determining those who will take pride of place in the Olympic hall of fame.Torino 2006 is a unique occasion to be there, to breathe in the Olympic atmosphere, to experience the culture of the Games in person, to discover the character of the city and region, its historical, cultural, sporting and cooking traditions.The values of brotherhood and dialogue between people and their cultures, making the Olympic Games such a unique sporting event, will be celebrated by athletes marching and waving their national flags and colors. The Italian style and creativity will be expressed through amazing settings, great dancings, astonishing light installations and a memorable soundtrack. Competition FacilitiesThe specially built or renovated winter sports facilities in Torino are located in a central area known as the Olympic District. The Olympic venues in Torino can be easily reached from the specially provided car parks by shuttle and public transport.LogoThe “Mole Antonelliana” takes on the resembla nce of a mountain reaching far up high, where the white of the snow meets the blue of the sky. The Torino 2006 Olympic Games Logo is the perfect synthesis of geographical, emotional and cultural meaning. The geometric forms of the ice crystals which form the heart of the Mole — the symbolic essence of the city of Torino — are interwoven to form a closely woven net: the web, token of technology, but in particular of the eternal spirit of communion between nations, which the Olympic Games have represented rightfrom their creation.The ideals linked to the logo reflect the very nature of the Games:City/Culture — mountain/nature relationship: the logo recalls not only the Mole Antonelliana (the city and architecture) but also the Alpine peaks (the unspoilt nature of the mountain districts), expressing a sense of exchange and interaction between the alpine resorts and the city.Transparency: the mountains are not seen as an obstruction but rather as a gateway between Torino and the rest of the world. They do not hinder interchange between populations with different cultural traditions, but rather enhance it. The sheer force of the multicultural issues adds prestige and emotional value to the Olympic Games.Dynamism: Torino is always on the move and the passion with which it takes on the role of host city of the Games is proof of this.Design and technology: the city develops in line with the times. The most famous Italian designers contribute to make Torino one of the most fashionable cities in the world, a true trendsetter.MascotsNeve and Gliz are the Torino 2006 mascots. They are the creative idea of Portuguese designer Pedro Albuquerque, winner of the international competition held by TOROC (Torino Organizing Committee for the 20th Olympic Winter Games). She (Neve) is a soft, friendly and elegant snowball. He (Gliz) is a lively and playful ice cube. The shapes of their bodies and the sounds of their names — Neve and Gliz — remind us of the two vital elements for practicing winter sports.Together, they sum up the highest Italian and Olympic values: friendship and enthusiasm, loyalty and fun, design and the capacity to innovate.6. We can we infer from the beginning of the passage that the athletes[A] want nothing more than just participation.[B] want to perform better than anyone else in the field.[C] want to entertain the spectators in the stadium.[D] want to be as close as possible to the fastest speed.7. The underlined phrase “take pride of place” in Para. 1 means[A] to occupy the advantageous place.[B] to have the most important position.[C] to feel proud of themselves.[D] to perform very well.8. Which of the following statements is NOT true?[A] The Olympic Winter Games of Torino 2006 lasted 17 days.[B] Torino built and renovated a number of winter sports facilities for the Games.[C] The “Mole Antonelliana” is the symbol of the city of Torino.[D] The Alpine peaks prevent Torino‟s communion with the world.9. According to the passage, we know that[A] the Torino 2006 Olympic Games Logo is designed by a Portuguese designer.[B] the woven net in the logo shows that Italy is an advanced country technologically.[C] Torino likes people who move in and out constantly.[D] TOROC held an international competition for designing the mascots.10. The two most important elements for winter sports are[A] Neve and Gliz. [B] snowball and ice cube.[C] snow and ice. [D] friendship and enthusiasm.Text CIf you are running a Windows computer, you must install an array of security software to prevent an international collection of crooks, hackers, vandals and sleazy business people who aim to invade your PC through the Internet.You need a good antivirus program, a strong firewall program, an effective antispam program, and a program that specializes in stopping spyware and adware. But the fastest-growing computer security problem isn‟t viruses or other traditional malicious programs, and it can‟t be entirely defeated by using security software. It‟s called …social engineering‟, and it consists of tactics t hat try to fool users into giving up sensitive financial data that criminals can use to steal their money and even their identities.Here are a few tips to help you avoid these schemes:1. Don‟t trust email from financial institutions. Email is so easily m anipulated by crooks that you simply should never, ever consider any email from a financial institution as legitimate. The message may bear a bank‟s or a broker‟s logo, but you should never respond to such an email, and never click on any link it contains.2. Never respond to unsolicited commercial email, or spam, or even click on a link in an unsolicited commercial email. In the old days, responding to spam just got you on more spam email lists. Today, it might also result in the secret installation of a key logger or other malicious software.Besides, any company that has to resort to spam as a sales tool isn‟t likely to have a very good product to offer. Do you really think that if someone had invented a pill that enlarged breasts, he would be selling it through spam? He would have sold it to a big drug company for billions.The only safe response to spam is to ignore it and delete it.3. Don‟t download or use free software unless you are sure it‟s legitimate. Sites offering free cursors, for instance, can secretly install all sorts of bad stuff on your PC. This is especially true of free security software, which is sometimes just malicious software posing as a security program. If you suddenly see a security program pop up on your PC, don‟t trust it.There are many legitimate free programs, but check them out before downloading. Look them up on the CNET or PC Magazine websites, which review most software. If they are not covered there, assume they are not legitimate. You may pass up some free programs that are real, but it could save you from huge grief.There are some new security programs aimed directly at social-engineering cheats. A new add-on for the Firefox web browser, called Shazou, can tell you where a website‟s server is located. If you think you are on the Bank of America website, but Shazou tells you the server is in Russia, that is a clue that you are being cheated. And Symantec plans a new product called Norton Confidential that will tell you if a website appears to be a fake.The best defense against social engineering, however, is to be smart and careful.11. To prevent your PC from being invaded, you must[A] use a Windows system.[B] install all kinds of security software.[C] look out for vandals and business people.[D] not surf the Internet.12. We can infer from the second paragraph that computer-security problems[A] are caused by viruses and malicious programs.[B] can be solved by installing a range of security software.[C] make PC users let out private financial information.[D] may be made use of by criminals to steal PC users‟ computers.13. If you get an email bearing a bank‟s logo, you should[A] trust it.[B] consider whether it is legitimate.[C] respond to it immediately.[D] click on the link it contains.14. We learn from the passage that[A] opening an unsolicited commercial email will lead to more spam.[B] products sold by companies through spam are unlikely to be good.[C] there is no safe way to deal with spam.[D] there is no necessity to download free software be cause it‟s too dangerous.15. If you want to make sure whether a free program is legitimate or not, you should[A] turn to the CNET or PC Magazine websites.[B] install a new Firefox web browser.[C] turn to Shazou for help.[D] use Norton Confidential to identify.Text DA second conclusion to be drawn from experience is the close connection between export expansion and economic development. The high-growth countries were characterized by rapid expansion in exports. Here again it is important to note that export expansion was not confined to those countries fortunate in their natural resources, such as the oil-exporting countries. Some of the developing countries were able to expand their exports in spite of limitations in natural resources by initiating economic policies that shifted resources from inefficient domestic manufacturing industries to export production. Nor was export expansion from the developing countries confined to primary products. There was very rapid expansion of exports of labor-intensive manufactured goods. Countries that adopted export-oriented development strategies experienced extremely high rates of growth that were regarded as unattainable in the 1950s and 1960s. They were also able to maintain their growth momentum during periods of worldwide recession better than were the countries that maintained their import substitution policies.Analysts have pointed to a number of reasons why the export-oriented growth strategy seems to deliver more rapid economic development than the import substitution strategy. First, a developing country able to specialize in producing labor-intensive commodities uses its comparative advantage in the international market and is also better able to use its most abundant resource — unskilled labor. The experience of export-oriented countries has been that there is little or no disguised unemployment once labor-market regulations are cancelled and incentives are created for individual firms to sell in the export market. Second, most developing countries have such small domestic markets that efforts to grow by starting industries that rely on domestic demand result in uneconomically small, inefficient enterprises. Moreover, those enterprises willtypically be protected from international competition and the incentives it provides for efficient production techniques. Third, an export-oriented strategy is inconsistent with the impulse to impose detailed economic controls; the absence of such controls, and their replacement by incentives, provides a great stimulus to increases in output and to the efficiency with which resources are employed. The increasing capacity of a developing country‟s entrepreneurs to adapt their resources and internal economic organization to the pressures of world-market demand and international competition is a very important connecting link between export expansion and economic development. It is important in this connection to stress the educative effect of freer international trade in creating an environment conducive to the acceptance of new ideas, new wants, and new techniques of production and methods of organization from abroad.16. According to the passage, how do developing countries expand the export?[A] By limiting import.[B] By exploring more natural resources.[C] By transmitting resources to export production.[D] By shifting resources to primary products.17. What‟s NOT true about export expansion?[A] It fulfills the previous unattainable growth.[B] It can overcome recession.[C] It promotes economic growth more rapidly than import.[D] It‟s inadaptable to countries scarce in natural resources.18. The export-oriented strategy is important to developing countries because[A] it helps to export their natural resources.[B] it helps to make good use of their unskilled labor.[C] it helps to meet the growing need of import.[D] it helps to stimulate the domestic need.19. What is the author‟s attitude towards “freer international trade”?[A] Critical. [B] Approving. [C] Questioning. [D] Subjective.20. This passage is mainly about[A] export-oriented strategy. [B] export expansion.[C] import expansion. [D] economic development.语境词汇Text A1. whip v.鞭打；搅打（奶油、蛋等）n.鞭子2. blow n.（用拳、武器等的）一击,殴打v.吹，刮；使开花3. devilish a.恶魔般的，凶神恶煞的4. flog v.多次重打；鞭打5. obedience n.服从，顺从6. calculated a.存心的，预先设计好的7. in the slightest 根本，一点儿也…（常用于否定句中）8. be foreign to和…无关Text B1. in person 亲身，亲自2. by shuttle 搭乘往返班车3. renovate v.改建，修葺；更新4. take on the resemblance of 呈现与…的相似性5. eternal a.永恒的；永久的6. synthesis n.交融，融合；综合(体)7. unspoilt a.未被破坏的Text C1. malicious a.恶意的；恶毒的2. tactic n.方案，策略；战术3. legitimate a.合法的；合情合理的4. scheme n.阴谋，伎俩；方案v.策划；搞阴谋5. manipulate vt.操纵，控制6. resort to 依靠，凭借7. review n.评论；温习；检查v.对…下评论；温习；检查8. pass up 错过Text D1. be confined to… 局限于…2. be fortunate in natural resource自然资源丰富3. initiate vt.创始，新采取4. labor-intensive a.劳动密集型的5. be inconsistent with… 与…背道而驰，与…相抵触6. incentive n.刺激，诱因7. be conducive to… 有益于…难句突破Text A1. They hit us so violently and with such devilish enjoyment that even a deaf and dumb person would have realized that we were being flogged not so much to make us work harder, but rather to beat us into a state of obedience in which we would be only too glad to give up our food and money.【分析】复合句。
解读英语专四阅读考试大纲
解读英语专四阅读考试大纲在英语专业四级考试的诸多题型中，阅读题型是考察教学大纲执行情况和考生掌握语言综合情况的重要检测手段，同时也是考生失分较为严重的题型之一。
结合考试真题深入分析解题误区并积极探讨高效解题策略，既能帮助考生把握该题型的肯綮，也有利于夯实英语专业基本技能训练的基础。
解读英语专四阅读大纲命题难度从选材的角度看，专业四级考试大纲对阅读材料的难度要求做了如下暗示：英美国家出版的中等难度的文章和材料;难度相当于美国Newsweek的国际新闻报道;难度相当于Sons and Lovers的文学原著。
从设题角度来看，近几年的真题中推断题有增多的趋势，提高了对考生在理解文章基础上进行推理和概括能力的要求，相应地，也就提高了对考生应试技巧的要求。
选材特点在体裁方面，大纲要求充分体现其多样性，体裁包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文以及广告、说明书、图表等应用文体，但主要以议论文或说明文为主，每套试题中兼顾一篇记叙文或描写文等。
阅读理解文章的来源多为英语国家原版报刊或书籍，大多数为论说性文章，考生应该注意这种倾向。
阅读材料的语言难度中等,重点词汇基本上不超出大纲规定的范围。
在题材方面，专业四级阅读选材非常广泛。
内容涉及社会、科技、文化、经济、日常知识和人物传记等。
选取的文章主要反映当年或近几年的社会热点问题，如美国、英国、加拿大和日本等发达国家广泛关注的社会话题与热点问题，其中又以英语国家的话题和问题为主。
例如，2012年第二篇围绕经济危机对美国家庭的影响展开说明;2012年第三篇围绕美国大学毕业生失业问题展开讨论。
伴随高科技的快速发展，其对社会发展的影响日益显著，2011年第一篇讨论了科技发展对阅读的影响;2010年第一篇讨论了成功的科学家的思维和行为方式;2010年第二篇则从另一个侧面揭示了人类的求知欲和大自然的神秘，对秘鲁纳斯卡线神秘现象进行了探讨,认为互联网有可能帮助人们解开迷团。
伴随信息化时代的到来，手机日益成为工作、生活不可或缺的重要组成部分，2006年的第一篇和2009年的第二篇就分别对手机的社会影响和社交功用进行了考查。
英语专业四级阅读理解讲义
英语专业四级阅读理解讲义（2010）1．测试要求：(1) 能读懂英美国家出版的中等难度的文章和材料..(2) 能读懂难度相当于美国Newsweek的国际新闻报道.(3) 能读懂难度相当于Sons and Lovers 的文学原著4) 能掌握所读材料的主旨大意,了解说明主旨大意的事实和细节;既理解字面意思,又能根据所读材料进行判断和推理;既能理解个别句子的意义,也理解上下文的逻辑关系.(5) 能在阅读中根据需要自觉调整阅读速度和阅读技巧.(6) 考试时间25分钟2．测试形式测试形式采用多项选择题,由数篇阅读材料组成.阅读材料共长1800个单词左右.每篇材料后有若干道题.学生应根据所读材料内容,从每道题的四个选项中选出一个最佳的答案.共20道题,3．测试目的本部分测试学生通过阅读获取有关信息的能力,考核学生掌握相关阅读策略和技巧的程度.既要求准确性,也要求一定的速度.阅读速度为每分钟120个单词.4．选材原则：(1 )题材广泛,包括社会、科技、文化、经济、日常知识、人物传记等.(2)体裁多样,包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、广告、说明书、图表等.(3) 阅读材料的语言难度中等,关键词汇基本上不超出<<大纲>>规定的范围.通过对历年英语专业四级试卷的内容和学生考卷情况的分析，发现学生暴露出以下几个问题：(1)掌握的词汇量太少，未能达到高校英语专业四级考试大纲所规定的相应的词汇量，造成阅读材料中的生词较多。
(2)对英语特殊的表达方式不能充分理解，因而仅仅能够理解字面上的意思，而不能体会字里行间所隐含的意义。
(3)存在不良的阅读习惯，导致阅读速度慢、效率低。
(4)阅读时间、答题时间和检查时间的分配不尽合理，在个别难题上花费过多的时间和精力。
(5)知识面过于狭窄，对一些基本的人文知识和科普常识，知之甚少或者一无所知，造成一定的阅读理解障碍。
(6)未能完全掌握或充分利用行之有效的阅读方法和阅读技巧，造成考试时间紧迫，来不及完成阅读任务或答题任务，更谈不上重读和检查。
专四专八阅读题型详解
专四专八阅读题型详解专四和专八是中国对英语水平进行考核的两项重要考试。
其中，阅读理解是考试中的一大重点。
本文将详细解析专四专八阅读理解题型，帮助考生更好地备考。
1. 主旨大意题：这类题目要求考生从整篇文章中抓取主要信息，概括出文章的中心思想。
解答这类题目，考生需要快速阅读全文，注意文章开头和结尾的段落，了解作者的立场和意图，然后根据文章的关键词和句子进行筛选和总结。
2. 细节理解题：这类题目要求考生找到文章中具体的信息细节。
考生需要仔细阅读文章，注意关键词和句子，寻找与题目相关的具体内容。
常见的解题方法包括与选项进行对照，排除干扰信息，进行归纳总结。
3. 推理判断题：这类题目要求考生根据文章中的线索进行推理判断，得出结论。
考生需要运用自己的逻辑思维和背景知识，结合文章中给出的信息进行分析推断。
解答这类题目时，要注意排除个人偏见和主观臆断，依据文章中的明确信息进行推理。
4. 词义推测题：这类题目要求考生根据上下文的语境推测出某个词或短语的意思。
考生需要仔细阅读前后文的句子，理解句子之间的联系，并根据语境推断出词语的含义。
一些常见的线索包括同义词、反义词、例子、解释等。
5. 段落标题题：这类题目要求考生为文章的每个段落选取一个恰当的标题。
解答这类题目时，考生需要通过整体把握文章结构和各段之间的逻辑关系，找出段落的主题和中心思想，选取与之最符合的标题。
以上是对专四专八阅读题型的详细解析。
考生在备考过程中，应针对不同题型采用相应的解题技巧，提高阅读理解的能力。
多做练习题，并结合真题进行练习和总结，不断提高自己的阅读效率和准确度。
加强英语阅读训练，扩大词汇量，增强阅读速度和理解能力，是提高专四专八阅读水平的有效途径。
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三，语义对比或比较处 阅读文章中，经常会出现新老观点的对比、错误与正确观点的对比、新 事物与旧事物的对比，以及两种或多种事物的优点、缺点、用途、功能、原 理等比较，这些对比或比较处也常常会成为设题点。 有时句中会有明确地表示对比或比较关系的词语，有时也可能没有，而 是暗含的对比或比较。常见的表示对比或比较关系的词或短语有while, whereas, than, compared with, in contrast to等。解题时要留意这些词或短语， 并注意出现比较级、最高级的地方，另外要注意弄清对比或比较的对象。
变化对比
题型 旧题型 字数：共1800词左右 新题型 字数：共1800词左右
备注
题型：选择题
阅读理解 题数：20 时间：25分钟 分值：20
题型：选择题 简答题题数：来自5 时间：35分钟 分值：20
变化大 难度加大
新题型解读
• 新题型难度主要来自简答题。 • 简答题作为Section B。真实情况是每篇阅读材料都包含2-3道选择 题和1-2道简答题。 • 所以建议做题时，每篇阅读材料的选择题及Section B 相应的简答 题，同时处理，一并完成。 • 读文章时注意把握文章首段、首末句、各段首末句等关键信息。 • 历年真题选材集中在社会人文领域的各个方面。关注的话题都不 是很大，行文内容也不是非常客观的、无感情的， 而是走心的， 细腻的成分多一些。很多文章带有散文的感觉。
二，语义转折处。 作者常常会借用转折连词或副词来引出某项重要的事实或观点，转折词之后的 内容往往表达的是作者真实的写作目的、观点或态度，因此出题人经常会围绕转折 词前后的内容来设题。 常见的表转折关系的连词或副词有however, but, yet, nevertheless, while, though, although, at the same time等。此外，indeed, in fact, virtually, practically也常常用来表 示前后语义的转折。 例 （2014年第83题） The old boys ran from wall to wall while the new boys tried to catch them: when one was seized and the mystic words said—one, two, three, and a pig for me—he became a prisoner and, turning sides, helped to catch those who were still free. Philip saw a boy running past and tried to catch him, but his limp gave him no chance; and the runners taking their opportunity, made straight for the ground he covered. 83. In the game Philip lost his ground because___ A. the game wasn’t fit for new boys like him. B. the playground wasn’t big enough for the game. C. he did not know the rules of the game. D. he could not run as quickly as other boys. 答案为D。事实细节题。转折处命题。
• 解题技巧：一，判断是正选题还是反选题（incorrect, except等）。 二是快速浏览文章段落，找到相关内容。
• 推理题—要求考生根据文章内容对所给选项进行综合判断和选择， 考查的不仅是对文章的理解，还有逻辑思维能力和对各种知识的 综合运用能力。提问方式有：
• 解题技巧：一，解题思路要广，不能局限在文章的某一段或句子 上，要结合上下文进行综合判断，并逐项排查，直到最后确定答 案。二，抓住问题的核心，不被选项迷惑，而偏离方向。
例2 （2013年第84题） … Great speaking ability is not something we’re born with. Even Barack Obama works hard to perfect every speech. For a brilliant speech, there are rules that you can put to good use. To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past. 84. According to the passage, which of the following best explains the author’s view on “great speaking ability”? A. It comes from observing rules. B. It can be perfected with easy effort. C. It can be acquired from birth. D. It comes from learning and practice. 答案为D。事实细节题。
作答题 选择题 选择题 选择题
10 10 20 10
20 20 10
20% 20% 10%
20 10 10
III IV
11-30 31-40
V
41-55 VI 合计
阅读理解 A 选择题 B 简答题
写作
选择题 作答题 作答题
15 1 67
20 20 100
20% 20% 100%
35 45 130
新旧题型对比及分析
英语专业四级阅读考纲解读
2015年新版《高校英语专业四级考试大纲》
测试要求
• 能读懂英美国家出版的中等难度的文章和材料。 • 能读懂难度相当于美国Newsweek的国际新闻报道。 • 能读懂难度相当于Sons and Lovers的文学原著。 • 能掌握所读材料的主旨大意，了解说明主旨大意的事实和细节； 既能理解字面意思，又能根据所读材料进行判断和推理；既能理 解个别句子的意义，也能理解上下文的逻辑关系。 • 能在阅读中根据需要自觉地调整阅读速度和阅读技巧。 • 考试时间为35分钟。
• 解题技巧：一，要求对构词法有一定了解，要熟悉各种词根和词 缀的意思。二，联系上下文。三，把所选词放到整个文章中去， 结合上下文综合判断和推测该词意义。
9大阅读常设题处
一，篇首、篇尾、段首、段尾处 文章的主题句经常出现在首段，段落的主题句经常出现段首。另外， 首段的 末句和第二段的首句也是文章主题句的高发点。文章的尾段和段落的结尾一 般会是概括或总结性的陈述，经常会得出某种结论或提出某项建议。因此， 文章的篇首、篇尾、段首、段尾处经常被作为篇章阅读题设题的重要题眼， 而且大多是考查对文章或段落主旨的理解。 例1 （2009年第81题） Do you realize that every time you take a step, the bones in you hip are subjected to forces between four and five times your body weight? When you are running, this force is increased further still… 81. According to the passage, when would most weight be imposed on hip-joints? A. When one is walking. B. When one is running. C. When one is standing. D. When one is lying down. 答案为B。事实细节题。篇首命题。
测试形式
• 4篇阅读材料。 • 总阅读字数为1800单词左右。 • Section A 选择题，共10题 • Section B简答题，共5题。每题回答不多于10个单词。
测试目的
• 测试考生通过阅读获取相关信息的能力。 • 既要求准确性，也要求一定的速度。（阅读速度为每分钟120个 单词。）
选材原则
例 （2012年第99题） Cairo, a dusty city of 20 million people, is a place where time seems to both stand still and rush into utter chaos. It is a place where the ancient and contemporary happily go along on parallel tracks. Take the Great Pyramids of Giza, sitting on the western edge of the city. Even as the setting sun silhouettes these gigantic structures against the great desert expanse, a call for prayer floats over semifinished apartment blocks filled with the activity of city life. While careful planning for the afterlife may lie buried underground in Cairo, it is noise and confusion on the streets. Donkey carts battle for space with pedestrians and the only operative road rule is “might is right”. But it is a city that is full of life—from the small roadside restaurants to the coffee shops where men and women smoke the shisha(水烟壶). 99. Which pair of words/phrases indicates contrast? A. Gigantic structure; great desert expanse B. a call for prayers; men and women with the shisha C. chaos; maddening D. coffee shops; pyramids 答案为D。推理判断题。对比处命题。第六段指出开罗是一个现代与古代并存的城市。接着第七段 描述了庄重肃穆的埃及金字塔，第八段描述了喧嚣吵闹的城市生活。金字塔是古代的标志，咖啡 馆是现代的象征，二者正好形成古今对照。 Gigantic structure（巨大的建筑）存在于great desert expanse（广大的沙漠）中，二者不存在对比关系； call for prayers(祈祷声)以及men and women with the shisha（抽水烟的男女）均是城市生活的体现，二者不存在对比关系； chaos与maddening 表达意思相近，不形成对比。