刘润清《新编语言学教程》章节题库-第四章至第七章【圣才出品】
刘润清《新编语言学教程》笔记和课后习题( 语义学)【圣才出品】
5. Major sense relations
(1) Homonymy
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(2) Polysemy
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
(3) Homophony
(4) Synonymy
(5) Antonymy
(6) Hyponymy
(7) Meronymy
成分分析 5. Sentence meaning
句子意义
本章考点： 语义学的定义；词汇意义关系(同义、反义、下义)；识别各种实例中词与词的意义关系、
以及句与句之间的蕴涵、前提、会话含义、同义、不相容、语义矛盾、语义反常等意义关系; 用成分分析法分析同义词、反义词，句子意义的区别等; 反义词的种类及举例。
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
第 5 章 语义学
5.1 复习笔记
本章要点： 1. Semantics
语义学 2. The referential and sense
指称和涵义 3. Analysis of meaning
意义分析 4. Component analysis
(4) Inconsistency
(5) Implicature
I. Semantics (语义学) 【考点：名词解释】
Semantics is a branch of linguistics which is concerned with the study of meaning in all its formal aspects.
practical events that precede and follow it. The meaning of a linguistic form is thus defined as observable behaviors. Such an approach to meaning is called behaviorism, or behaviorist theory, which clearly draws on psychology.
刘润清《新编语言学教程》考研真题精选(选择题)【圣才出品】
二、选择题1. Derivational morpheme contrasts sharply with inflectional morpheme in that the former changes the _____ while the latter does not.（北二外2017研）A. meaningB. word classC. formD. speech sound【答案】B【解析】morpheme语素，分为自由语素和黏着语素，其中黏着语素包括词根和词缀两种类型，词缀分为派生词缀（derivational affixes）和屈折词缀（inflectional affixes）。
派生词缀黏附在词根语素上构成新词，也即增加了新的词汇义内容或改变了词的类别归属。
屈折词缀只能改变一个词的形式，不能构成新词。
也即屈折词缀增加的是表示句法范畴的意义，并且总是不改变词的类别归属。
即两者重要区别在于是否改变了词的类别，故B为正确答案。
2. The branch of linguistics that studies the systems and patterns of speech soundsin a language is called _____.（对外经贸2017研）A. acousticsB. phonologyC. phoneticsD. articulation【答案】B【解析】音位学是研究人类语言中的语音模块系统和模式的方法。
3. Point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest, and explain the reason in ONE sentence.（南京大学2007研）A. resolutionB. residentC. restartD. resignation【答案】C【解析】/s/ 在restart中位于清辅音前，所以被轻音化。
刘润清《新编语言学教程》考研真题精选(判断正误)【圣才出品】
7. The speech sounds we hear and produce during linguistic communications are all phonemes.（对外经贸 2006 研） 【答案】F 【解析】Those are phones.
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三、判断正误 1. During two-word stage, children begin to learn words at a rate of one every two
waking hours, and keep learning that rate or faster through adolescence.（北二外 2016 研） 【答案】T 【解析】本题考查双词语阶段的特征。儿童两岁左右的时候，开始构建句子。早期句子仅仅
12. Compound refers to the words hat consist of more than one lexical morpheme or the way to join two separate words to produce a single form base form.（北二
【答案】T 【解析】根据塞尔，指令类是说话人试图让听话人做某一件事。邀请、建议、请求、警告、
威胁、命令都是最典型的指令类。
11. The word of “impossibility” contains four morphemes.（对外经贸 2006 研） 【答案】F (“im-” “possibl-” “-ity”)
【答案】T
4. Bilabial consonant is produced when the obstruction is partial and the air is
刘润清《新编语言学教程》章节题库(语用学)【圣才出品】
第6章语用学I. Fill in the blanks.1. A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the ______ of, or the _____the utterance.（人大2004研）【答案】consequence, change brought about by【解析】言外行为指说话的效果。
2. When a teacher says “The exam this year is going to be really difficult”, the sentence would have an _____force.（清华2001研，清华2000研）【答案】illocutionary【解析】言外行为，表达说话人的意图。
3. H. P. Grice believes that there is a set of assumptions guiding the conduct of conversation. This is what he calls the Cooperative Principle. According to the maximum of ______: Do not say what you believe to be false or for which you lack evidence. In other words, speak truthfully; do not lie.【答案】quality【解析】质量原则的内容。
4. In the light of the______ principle, four maxims are specified. They are the maximof quantity, maxim of______, maxim of______ and the maxim of______.（中国人民大学2005年、吉林大学2004年研）【答案】cooperative; quality; relation; manner【解析】考查合作原则及四条次则：数量准则、质量准则、关联准则、方式准则。
刘润清《新编语言学教程》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解(1-6章)【圣才出品】
第1章导言1.1复习笔记本章要点：1.The definition and main branches of linguistics study语言学的定义和研究的范围2.The definition and the origins of language语言的定义与起源3.The design feature and the function of language语言的特征和功能4.Some major concepts in linguistics语言学中重要的概念本章考点：1.有关语言学的常考考点(1)语言学的定义，现代语言学与传统语法学研究的区别。
(2)语言学中几组重要概念，每组两个概念的含义、区分及其意义。
(3)普通语言学的主要分支学科及各自的研究范畴。
(4)宏观语言学及应用语言学的主要分支及各自的研究范畴。
2.有关语言的常考考点(1)语言的定义；语言的基本特征(任意性、二重性、多产性、移位性、互换性、专门性和文化传递性)；(2)语言的功能(寒暄、指示、信息、疑问、表达、劝说和施为)；(3)语言的起源(叮咚说、唱歌说、哒哒说、汪汪、噗噗、哟嘿吼理论等。
)本章内容索引：I.Definition of linguisticsII.Linguistics vs.traditional grammarIII.Scope of linguistics1.Microlinguistics2.MacrolinguisticsIV.Definition of languageV.Origins of language1.Ding-Dong Theory2.Sing-Song Theory3.Pooh-Pooh Theory4.Yo-He-Ho Theory5.Ta-Ta Theory6.Bow-Wow TheoryVI.Design features of language1.Arbitrariness2.Duality3.Productivity4.Interchangeability5.Displacement6.Specialization7.Cultural transmissionVII.Functions of language1.Phatic function/communion2.Directive functionrmative function4.Interrogative function5.Expressive function6.Evocative function7.Performative functionVIII.Some major concepts in linguistics1.Descriptive and prescriptive grammar2.Synchronic and diachronic linguisticsngue and parolepetence and performance5.Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations6.Functionalism and formalismI.Definition of linguistics(语言学的定义)【考点：名词解释】The scientific or systemic study of language,which is always guided by the-three canons ofscience:exhaustiveness,consistency and economy.语言学是对语言的科学或系统的研究。
刘润清《新编语言学教程》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解(7-12章)【圣才出品】
第7章语篇分析7.1复习笔记本章要点：1.Discourse and discourse analysis语篇及语篇分析2.Given and new information已知信息与新信息3.Cohesion and coherence衔接与连贯4.Conversational analysis对话分析常考考点：语篇及语篇分析的定义；已知信息与新信息的异同；衔接手段包括指称、替代、省略、连接与词汇衔接；语篇标记的定义与特征；对话分析中的配组会话、偏好结构及前序列；批判性语篇分析。
本章内容索引：I.Definition of discourse and discourse analysisrmation structure1.Given and new information2.Topic and comment3.ContrastIII.Cohesion and coherence1.Cohesion.(1)Reference(2)Substitution(3)Ellipsis(4)Conjunction(5)Lexical cohesion2.CoherenceIV.Discourse markers1.Definition2.Functional-pragmatic nature3.Features of discourse markersV.Conversational analysis1.Adjacency pairs2.Preference structure3.PresequencesVI.Critical discourse analysisI.Definition of discourse and discourse analysis(语篇及语篇分析的定义)1.Discourse(语篇)A general term for examples of language use,nguage which has been produced as the result of an act of communication.It refers to the larger units of language such as paragraphs, conversations,and interviews.泛指语言的运用，也就是说，语篇是人们进行交流的产物。
(NEW)刘润清《新编语言学教程》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解
语言来源于人本能表达情感的声音。 4. Yo-He-Ho Theory (呦嘿吼理论) Language came from the cries uttered, during strain of work. 语言来源于共同劳动时发出的呦嘿声。 5. Ta-Ta Theory (哒哒说) Language came from the combination of certain gestures and tongue movements. 语言来源于移动舌头发出的声音与某个手势的结合。 6. Bow-Wow Theory (汪汪理论) Language came from imitation of animal cries and other sounds heard in nature. 语言起源于人们模仿动物的叫声和其他自然界中的声音。
本章内容索引： I. Definition of linguistics II. Linguistics vs. traditional grammar III. Scope of linguistics 1. Microlinguistics 2. Macrolinguistics IV. Definition of language V. Origins of language
VI. Design features of language (语言的定义特征) 【重点、考点：论述语言的识别特征】 1. Arbitrariness (任意性) This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the meaning it is associated with. There is no reason, for example, why English should use the sounds /dɔg/ to refer to the animal dog,
刘润清《新编语言学教程》章节题库(认知语言学)【圣才出品】
第10章认知语言学I. Fill in the blanks.1. ______ is the mental process of classification, while ______ is the products of the preceding process.【答案】Categorization; category【解析】范畴化是人类对经验进行分类的过程。
范畴是范畴化的产物。
2. ______ is an approach to the analysis of natural language that focuses on language as an instrument for organizing, processing, and conveying information.【答案】Cognitive linguistics【解析】认知语言学是一种研究自然语言的方法，集中研究语言组织，处理与传达信息的作用。
3. There are three aspects in basic-level categories: ______, ______ and ______.【答案】perception; communication; knowledge organization【解析】基本层次范畴的三方面：感知，交流和知识系统。
Ⅱ. Multiple Choices.1. In the following sentences, which is not a metonymy?A. The sax has the flu today.B. Watergate changed American politics.C. Wall Street is in a panic.D. She is the apple in her parents’eyes.【答案】D【解析】其他三句为转喻，D为暗语。
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第4章句法
I.Fill in the blanks.
1.IC is the short form of immediate_____used in the study of syntax.（北二外2003研）
【答案】constituent
【解析】直接成分分析法是一种句法分析方法。
它指先把句子分析为直接成分——词组（或短语），再把这些直接成分依次切分，得到各自的直接成分，层层切分，直到最终
成分为止。
2.______refers to ties and connections which exist within texts.They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses.（人大2007研）
【答案】Cohesion
【解析】衔接不是一个句法概念，它指文本中存在的一种意义上的联系或关系，也包括句子或分句之间存在的一种形式上的联系。
3.A______sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word，such as“and”,“but”,“or”.
【答案】coordinate
【解析】并列从句是指一个句子由两个分句组成，这两个分句通常是由如but,and,or这些并列连词来连接的。
4.A clause that takes a subject and a finite verb,and at the same time stands structurally alone is known as a______clause.
【答案】finite
【解析】限定性从句通常有一个主语和一个限定性动词，且在结构上是独立的。
5.Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called_____rules,whose operation may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.
【答案】transformational
【解析】句法移位是一种转换规则，指一个句子的任意成分从原来的位置移到另一个新位置。
它可能会引起句子句法的变化。
6.The level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is commonly termed______structure.
【答案】deep
【解析】深层结构是指一个结构体的句法属性的抽象表述，即不同成分之间的结构关系，深层结构一般指移位前的结构。
7.A______is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement,question or command.
【答案】sentence
【解析】句子在结构上是一个独立的单位，通常包括许多词用以构成一个完整的陈述，提问或者命令。
8.The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentences is called______.（北二外2010研）
【答案】syntax
【解析】句法学是研究句子内部结构的一门学科。
Ⅱ.Multiple Choices.
1.Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand______.（西安交大2008研）
A.how people produce and recognize possible sentences
B.what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words
C.how words and phrases form sentences
D.All of the above
【答案】D
【解析】乔姆斯基在其经典理论中提出短语结构规则，这个规则有助于我们更好的明白句子是如何产生与被理解的，以及单词和短语是怎样根据语法规则形成句子的。
2.Bloomfield introduced the IC analysis,whose full name is______Analysis.（北二外2010研）
A.Internal Component
B.Innate Capacity
C.Internal Constituent
D.Immediate Constituent
【答案】D
【解析】直接成分这一术语,最先是由布龙菲尔德在《语言论》中提出的。
直接成分分析法，即Immediate constituent analysis，简称IC Analysis。
3.The criterion used in IC analysis is______.
A.transformation
B.conjoining
C.grouping
D.substitutability
【答案】D
【解析】IC分析法的标准：替换性。
即看一个词语的序列是否可以被一个单词替换而结构保持不变。
4.In Halliday’s view,the______function of language is realized as the transitivity system in clauses as a representation of experience.
A.ideational
B.interpersonal
C.textual
D.social
【答案】A
【解析】韩礼德认为概念功能就是表达说话者对现实世界的经验。
5.The phrase“my small child’s cot”is an ambiguous phrase,which can be revealed by______tree diagrams.
A.one
B.two
C.three
D.four
【答案】C
【解析】
6.In English,______and______are often expressed by subject and predicate.
A.theme and rheme
B.theme and predicate
C.predicate and object
D.subject and predicate
【答案】A
【解析】较早提出主位和述位概念的是布拉格学派创始人之一马泰休斯。
主位和述位通常指主语和谓语，但主位结构分析属于语义分析，而主语—谓语—补语分析属于结构
分析。
7.Traditional grammarians began with______definition of the sentence and its components.
A.notional
B.structural
C.prescriptive
D.descriptive
【答案】A
【解析】传统语法最开始研究的是句子和它组成成份的实意定义。
8.The syntactic components provide the______for a sentence.
A.lexicon
B.structure
C.meaning
D.sound
【答案】B
【解析】句子组成成份展示了句子的结构。
9.______are the basic elementary sentences of the language,the stuff from which。