2008年中山大学英语基础考研真题详解

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中山大学638基础英语考研专业课真题及答案

中山大学考研历年真题解析——638基础英语主编：弘毅考研编者：静水流深弘毅教育出品【资料说明】《基础英语历年真题解析（专业课）》系中山大学优秀基础英语考研辅导团队集体编撰的“历年考研真题解析系列资料”之一。

历年真题是除了参考教材之外的最重要的一份资料，其实，这也是我们聚团队之力，编撰此资料的原因所在。

历年真题除了能直接告诉我们历年考研试题中考了哪些内容、哪一年考试难、哪一年考试容易之外，还能告诉我们很多东西。

1.命题风格与试题难易第一眼看到中山大学历年试题的同学，都觉得试题看起来“简单”。

其实，这也是很多学生选择中山大学的原因吧。

中山大学的试题不偏、不怪，80% 的题型都和专八的题型一致。

这不同于一些学校的试题，比如北京大学，基础英语的考题就是两篇长翻译加一道作文题，完全考查考生的语言功底。

中山大学的试题，不管你复习的怎么样，一般都能答上一点，至于能答到什么程度，则因人而异。

其实，“试题很基础”----“试题很简单”----“能得高分”根本不是一回事。

试题很基础，所以每个学生都能答上一二，但是想得高分，就要比其他学生强，要答出别人答不出来的东西。

要答出别人答不出来的东西，这容易吗？大家不要被试题表象所迷惑。

很多学生考完，感觉超好，可成绩出来却不到100分，很大程度上就是这个原因：把考的基础当成考的简单。

其实这很像武侠小说中的全真教，招式看似平淡无奇，没有剑走偏锋的现象，但是如果没有扎实的基础和深厚的内功是不会成为大师的。

我们只能说命题的风格是侧重考察基础的知识，但是，我们要答出亮点，让老师给你高分，这并不容易。

2.考试题型与分值大家要了解有哪些题型，每个题型的分值。

从最近几年看，中山大学的题目基本上包含阅读理解，改错部分和文化部分的客观题，及作文，翻译部分的主观题。

很多学生平时喜欢做选择题，不想写，这种方法对阅读理解等客观题的准备来说是可以接受的，到考试的时候碰到主观题就会傻眼。

每个题型的分值是不一样的，一个阅读理解的选项2分，一道改错题1分，可一道翻译题就是20分。

(NEW)中山大学外国语学院《638基础英语》历年考研真题及详解

目　录2003年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解2004年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解2005年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解2006年中山大学外国语学院348基础英语考研真题及详解2007年中山大学外国语学院738基础英语考研真题及详解2008年中山大学外国语学院616基础英语考研真题及详解2009年中山大学外国语学院628基础英语考研真题及详解2010年中山大学外国语学院622基础英语考研真题及详解2011年中山大学外国语学院632基础英语考研真题及详解2012年中山大学外国语学院632基础英语考研真题及详解2013年中山大学外国语学院637基础英语考研真题及详解2014年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2015年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2016年中山大学外国语学院637基础英语考研真题及详解2017年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2018年中山大学外国语学院638基础英语考研真题及详解2003年中山大学外国语学院352基础英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Reading (30%)Green Wave Washes Over Mainstream Shopping Research in Britain has shown that “green consumers” continue to flourish as a significant group among shoppers. This suggests that politicians who claim environmentalism is yesterday’s issue may be seriously misjudging the public mood.A report from Mintel, the market research organization, says that despite recession and financial pressures, more people than ever want to buy environmentally friendly products and a “green wave” has swept through consumerism, taking in people previously untouched by environmental concerns. The recently published report also predicts that the process will repeat itself with “ethical” concerns, involving issues such as fair trade with the Third World and the social record of businesses. Companies will have to be more honest and open in response to this mood.Mintel’s survey, based on nearly 1,000 consumers, found that the proportion who look for green products and are prepared to pay more for them has climbed from 53 percent in 1990 to around 60 percent in 1994. On average, they will pay 13 percent more for such products, although this percentage is higher among women, managerial and professional groups and those aged 35 to 44.Between 1990 and 1994 the proportion of consumers claiming to be unaware of or unconcerned about green issues fell from 18 to 10 percent but the number of green spender among older people and manual workers has risen substantially. Regions such as Scotland have also caught up with the south of England in their environmental concerns. According to Mintel, the image of green consumerism as associated in the past with the more eccentric members of society has virtually disappeared. The consumer research manager for Mintel, Angela Hughes, said it had become firmly established as a mainstream market. She explained that as far as the average person is concerned environmentalism has not “gone off the boil”. In fact, it has spread across a much wider range of consumer groups, ages and occupations.Mintel’s 1994 survey found that 13 percent of consumers are “very dark green”, nearly always buying environmentally friendly products, 28 percent are “dark green”, trying “as far as possible” to buy such products, and 21 percent are “pale green” tending to buy green products if they see them. Another 26 percent are “armchair greens”; they said they care about environmental issues but their concern does not affect their spending habits. Only 10 percent say they do not care about green issues.Four in ten people are “ethical spenders”, buying goods which do not, for example, involve dealings with oppressive regimes. This figure is the same as in 1990, although the number of “armchair ethicals” has risen from 28 to 35 percent and only 22 percent say they are, unconcerned now, against 30 percent in 1990. Hughes claims that in the twenty-first century, consumers will be encouraged to think more about the entire history of the products and services they buy, including the policies of the companies that provide them and that this will require a greater degree of honesty with consumers.Among green consumers, animal testing is the top issue—48 percent said they would be deterred from buying a product if it had been tested on animals—followed by concerns regarding irresponsible selling, the ozone layer, river and sea pollution, forest destruction, recycling and factor farming. However, concern for specific issues is lower than in 1990, suggesting that many consumers feel that Government and business have taken on the environmental agenda.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer of the passage? In your answer booklet write YES, NO, or NOT GIVEN for each statement.1. The research findings report commercial rather than political trends.2. Being financially better off has made shoppers more sensitive to buying ‘green’.3. The majority of shoppers are prepared to pay more for the benefit of the environment according to the research findings.4. Consumers’ green shopping habits are influenced by Mintel’s findings.5. Mintel has limited their investigation to professional and managerial groups.6. Mintel undertakes market surveys on an annual basis.【答案与解析】1. YES(文章通篇没有多提政治，除了第一段“politicians claims environmentalism is yesterday’s issue”，本文更多的是从消费者的角度来讨论这一问题的。

[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编25.doc

[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编25.doc[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编25一、填空题1 There has been a maxim in______which claims that "You are what you say". (中山大学2008研)2 The theory of conversational implicature was proposed by______. (中山大学2008研)3 ______were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.4 In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the______principle proposed by J. Grice.5 In Austin's How to Do Things with word, he first distinguishes performativesand______, later on Austin made a flesh start to distinguish ______,______and perlocutionary act.二、单项选择题6 The speech act theory was developed by______. (对外经贸2006研)（A）John Searle（B）John Austin（C）Levinson（D）G. Leech7 ______is using a sentence to perform a function. (西安外国语学院2006研)（A）Perlocutionary act（B）An illocutionary act（C）A locutionary act（D）Speech act8 By saying "You have left the door wide open", a speaker might be performing the three acts: locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary______. (西安交通大学2008研)（A）at the same time（B）one after another（C）two first and then the other（D）one first and then the other two9 The Illocutionary Act was developed by______. (西安交通大学2008研)（A）John Austin（B）Levinson（C）John Lyons（D）John Searle10 According to the conversation maxim of______suggested by Grice, one should speak truthfully. (西安外国语学院2006研) （A）quantity（B）quality（C）relevance（D）manner11 Which of the following is NOT one of the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle? (对外经济贸易大学2006研) （A）the maxim of quantity（B）the maxim of quality（C）the maxim of manner（D）the maxim of strength12 Four categories of Maxims in Grice's Cooperative Principle include all the following except______.(大连外国语学院2008研) （A）Manner（B）Relation（C）Qualification三、简答题13 What are the major concerns of pragmatics? (人大2006研)14 How would you describe this short exchange in terms of the ardors performed by the speakers?Motorist: My car needs new exhaust system.Mechanic: I'll be busy with this other car all day. (浙江大学2005研)15 What are the four maxims of the co-operative principle? Which maxim does this speaker seem to be particularly careful about; "Well, to be quite honest, I don't think she is ill today." (北二外2010研；上海交大2006研)16 Conversational implicature is comparable to illocutionary force in speech act theoryin that they are both concerned with the contextual side of meaning, or 言外之意 Chinese. (中山大学2005研)17 Decide which maxim of the cooperative principle has been flouted in the following utterances and what implicature can be drawn. (厦门大学2006研)(1) A: Can you tell me the secret? B: But John is there.(2) A: Let's go to the movies. B: I'll bring the Kleenex.(3) A: Would you drive a Mercedes?B: I wouldn't drive ANY expensive car.18 What's conversational implicature? (西安交大2008研)19 Analyze the following dialogue with reference to Grice's Cooperative Principle: (北二外2007研)A: Where is X?B: He's gone to the market. He said so where he left.20 In what ways do people cooperate in their conversations? (人大2006研)21 What is your understanding of Relevance Theory? (南开大学2009研)22 Do you think B is cooperative in the following dialogue? Support your argument with Cooperative Principle. (南开大学2004研)A: When is the bus coming?B: There has been an accident further up the road.四、名词解释23 Locutionary Act, Illocutinary Act and Perlocutionary Act(北航2010研；北交大2005研)24 Performatives(中山大学2008研)25 Conversational implicature (川大2010研；武汉大学2004研；北京交通大学2007研)26 Cooperative principle (北二外2010研；北京师范大学2003研)27 Violation of maxims (北交大2006研)28 Applied linguistics(中山大学201 1年研)五、举例说明题29 When a teacher says "It's so hot in here." during a class, what does she probably mean? Refer to the theory of pragmatics when you analyze the situation. (人大2002研)30 A speech act consists of three related acts according to J. L. Austin's Speech Act theory. What are they? Analyze the following conversation in the light of Speech Act theory. (北航2008研)Customer: Waiter! There's a fly in my soup.Waiter: Don' t worry, there's no extra charge.31 Imagine you were at a bus stop and two people approached you one after the other. The first said:“哎，几点了?”and the second said:“不好意思，打搅一下，请问您戴表了吗?”What assumptions would you make if you were addressed in these two ways and why would you make them? (北外2007研)32 Discuss the following advertisemen t extensively: “你不理财，财不理你”. (浙江大学2007研)33 What kind of linguistic phenomenon can you identify in the following dialogue? Define, analize and explain the phenomenon. (北外2010研)甲：上车请买票。

英语专业基础英语历年考研真题及详解(第8版)

目　录第1章　全国院校英语专业基础英语考研真题分析1.1　基础英语考研真题分析1.2　重点院校基础英语考研真题比较第2章　名校英语专业基础英语考研真题及详解1．北京大学专业能力考研真题及参考答案（2007）2．北京外国语大学英语基础测试（技能）考研真题及详解（2013～2014）3．中国人民大学基础英语考研真题及参考答案（2006～2007）5．北京第二外国语学院基础英语考研真题及详解（2013）6．北京航空航天大学基础英语考研真题及详解（2013～2014）7．上海外国语大学英语综合考研真题及参考答案（2006-2008）8．武汉大学基础英语考研真题及详解（2013～2014）9．南京大学基础英语考研真题及参考答案（2009）10．中山大学基础英语考研真题及详解（2012～2014）11．四川大学英语专业基础考研真题及详解（2010～2011）12．四川外语学院基础英语考研真题及详解（2012～2013）13．南开大学基础英语考研真题及详解（2011～2012）14．天津外国语大学基础英语考研真题及详解（2012～2013）15．西安外国语学院基础英语考研真题及详解（2009）第1章　全国院校英语专业基础英语考研真题分析对于绝大多数报考英语专业的考生而言，“基础英语”是全国各院校英语专业研究生入学考试必考的科目。

一般来说，报考英语专业研究生的考核科目为：政治（分值100分）、第二外语（分值100分）、基础英语（分值150分）以及专业课（包括英美文学、语言学与应用语言学、翻译理论及实践等）（分值150分）。

需要说明的是，有些院校对此科目的考试名称有所不同：例如北京大学称之为“专业能力”，上海外国语大学称之为“英语综合”，北京外国语大学称之为“英语基础测试（技能）”，上海交通大学、广东外语外贸大学等称之为“英语水平考试”，四川大学称之为“英语专业基础”，山东大学称之为“实践英语”。

上述院校的科目名称和大多数院校所用的“基础英语”名称虽有差别，但实质是一样的，都是由各学校自主命题、考核英语专业考生基本功底的考试科目。

[考研类试卷]2010年中山大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2010年中山大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷一、阅读理解0 My father was a justice of the peace, and I supposed he possessed the power of life and death over all men and could hang anybody that offended him. This was distinction enough for me as a general thing; but the desire to be a steamboat man kept intruding, nevertheless. I first wanted to be a cabin boy, so that 1 could come out with a white apron on and shake a tablecloth over the side, where all my old comrades could see me. Later I thought I would rather be the deck hand who stood on the end of the stage plank with a coil of rope in his hand, because he was particularly conspicuous.But these were only daydreams—too heavenly to be contemplated as real possibilities. By and by one of the boys went away. He was not heard of for a long time. At last he turned up as an apprentice engineer or "sinker"on a steamboat. This thing shook the bottom out of all my Sunday-school teachings. That boy had been notoriously worldly and I had been just reverse—yet he was exalted to this eminence, and I was left in obscurity and misery. There was nothing generous about this fellow in his greatness. He would always manage to have a rusty bolt to scrub while his boat was docked at our town, and he would sit on the inside guard and scrub it, where we could all see him and envy him and loathe him.He used all sorts of steamboat technicalities in his talk, as if he were so used to them that he forgot common people could not understand them. He would speak of the "labboard" side of a horse in an easy, natural way that would make you wish he was dead. And he was always talking about "St. Looy" like an old citizen. Two or three of the boys had long been persons of consideration among us because they had been to St. Louis once and had a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory was over now. They lapsed into a humble silence, and learned to disappear when the ruthless "cub" engineer approached. This fellow had money, too, and hair oil, and he wore a showy brass watch chain a leather belt, and used no suspenders. No girl could withstand his charms. He "cut out"every boy in the village. When his boat blew up at last, it diffused a tranquil contentment among us such as we had not known for months. But when he came home the next week, alive, renowned, and appeared in church all battered up and bandaged, a shining hero, stared at and wondered over by everybody, it seemed to us that the partiality of Providence for an undeserving reptile had reached a point where it was open to criticism.This creature's career could produce but one result, and it speedily followed. Boy after boy managed to get on the river, four sons of the chief merchant, and two sons of the country judge became pilots, the grandest position of all. But some of us could not get on the river—at least our parents would not let us.So by and by I ran away. I said I would never come home again till I was a pilot and cold return in glory. But somehow I could not manage it. I went meekly aboard a few of the boats that lay packed together like sardines at the long St. Louis wharf, and very humbly inquired for the pilots, but got only a cold shoulder and short words from mates and clerks. I had to make the best of this sort of treatment for the time being, but I had comforting daydreams of a future when I should be a great and honored pilot, with plenty of money, and could kill some of these mates and clerks and pay for them.1 The author makes the statement that" I supposed he ... offended him"(Para. 1, Lines 1 -2)primarily to suggest______.（A）the power held by a justice of the peace in a frontier town（B）the naive view that he held of his father's importance（C）the respect in which the townspeople held his father（D）the possibility of miscarriages of justice on the American frontier2 The author decides that he would rather become a deck hand than a cabin boy because______.（A）he believes that the work is easier（B）he wants to avoid seeing his old friends（C）deck hands often go on to become pilots（D）the job is more visible to passersby3 The author most likely mentions his "Sunday-school teachings"(Para. 2)to emphasize______.（A）the influence of his early education in later life（B）his sense of injustice at the engineer's success（C）his disillusionment with longstanding religious beliefs（D）determination to become an engineer at all costs4 The author most likely concludes that the engineer is not " generous"(Para. 2)because he______.（A）has no respect for religious beliefs（B）refuses to share his wages with friends（C）flaunts his new position in public（D）takes a pride in material possessions5 The author mentions the use of "steamboat technicalities"(Para. 3)in order to emphasize the engineer's______.（A）expertise after a few months on the job（B）fascination for trivial information（C）inability to communicate effectively（D）desire to appear sophisticated6 According to the passage, the glory of having visited St. Louis was overbecause______.（A）the boys' knowledge of St. Louis was much less detailed than the engineer's （B）St. Louis had changed so much that the boys' stories were no longer accurate （C）the boys realized that traveling to St. Louis was not a mark of sophistication （D）the engineer's account revealed that the boys' stories were lies7 The author's response to the engineer's survival(Para. 3)is one of______.（A）thankfulness for what he believes is God's providence（B）astonishment at the engineer's miraculous escape（C）outrage at his rival's undeserved good fortune（D）sympathy for the extent of the engineer's wounds8 The major purpose of the passage is to______.（A）sketch the peaceful life of a frontier town（B）relate the events that led to a boy's first success in life（C）portray the unsophisticated ambitions of a boy（D）describe the characteristics of a small-town boaster8 The ozone layer, the fragile layer of gas surrounding our planet between 7 and 30 miles above the earth's surface, is being rapidly depleted. Seasonally occurring holes have appeared in it over the Poles and, recently, over densely populated temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The threat is serious because the ozone layer protects the earth from the sun's ultraviolet radiation, which is harmful to all living organisms.Even though the layer is many miles thick, the atmosphere in it is tenuous and the total amount of ozone, compared with other atmospheric gases, is small. Ozone is highly reactive to chlorine, hydrogen , and nitrogen. Of course chlorine is the most dangerous since it is very stable and long-lived. When chlorine compounds reach the stratosphere, they bond with and destroy ozone molecules, with consequent repercussions for life on Earth.In 1958, researchers began noticing seasonal variations in the ozone layer above the South Pole. Between June and October the ozone content steadily fell, followed by a sudden increase in November. These fluctuations appeared to result from the natural effects of wind and temperature. But while the low October levels remained constant until 1979, the total ozone content over the Pole was steadily diminishing. In 1985, public opinion was finally aroused by reports of a"hole"in the layer.The culprits responsible for the hole were identified as compounds known as chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs. CFCs are compounds of chlorine and fluorine. Nonflammable, nontoxic and noncorrosive, they have been widely used in industry sincethe 1950s, mostly as refrigerants and propellants and in making plastic foam and insulation.In 1989 CFCs represented a sizable market value at over $1.5 billion and a labor force of 1.6 million. But with CFCs implicated in ozone depletion, the question arose as to whether we were wiling to risk an increase in cases of skin cancer, eye ailments, even a lowering of the human immune defense system—all effects of further loss of the ozone layer. And not only humans would suffer. So would plant life. Phytoplankton, the first link in the ocean food chain and vital to the survival of most marine species, would not be able to survive near the ocean surface, which is where these organisms grow.In 1990, 70 countries agreed to stop producing CFCs by the year 2000. In late 1991 , however, scientists noticed a depletion of the ozone layer over the Arctic. In 1992, it was announced that the layer was depleting faster then expected and that it was also declining over the northern hemisphere. Scientists believe that natural events are making the problem worse. The Pinatubo volcano in the Philippines, which erupted in June 1991, released 12 million tons of damaging volcanic gases into the atmosphere.Even if the whole world agreed today to stop all production and use of CFCs, this would not solve the problem. A single chlorine molecule can destroy 10, 000-100, 000 molecules of ozone. Furthermore, CFCs have a lifespan of 75 - 400 years and they take ten years to reach the ozone layer. In other words, what we are experiencing today results from CFCs emitted ten years ago.Researchers are working hard to find substitute products. Some are too dangerous because they are highly flammable; others may prove to be toxic and to contribute to the greenhouse effect—to the process of global warming. Nevertheless, even if there is no denying that atmosphere is in a state of disturbance, nobody can say that the situation will not improve, either in the short or the long term, especially if we ourselves lend a hand.9 As it is described in the passage, the major function of the ozone layer is closest to that of______.（A）an emergency evacuation place for a skyscraper（B）a central information desk at a convention centre（C）the filtering system for a city water supply（D）the structural support for a suspension bridge10 The word "tenuous"(Para. 2)most nearly means______.（A）hazy（B）tense（C）clear（D）thin11 Which of the following does the passage imply about the"seasonal variations in the ozone layer"(Para. 3)observed by scientists in 1958?（A）They were caused by industrial substances other than CFCs.（B）They created alarm among scientists but not the public.（C）They were least stable in the months between June and November.（D）They opened the public eyes to the threat of ozone depletion.12 The author mentions market and workforce figures related to CFC production in order to point out that______.（A）responsibility for the problems of ozone depletion lies primarily with industry （B）the disadvantages of CFCs are obvious while the benefits are not（C）the magnitude of profits from CFCs has turned public opinion against the industry's practices（D）while the economic stakes are large, they are overshadowed by the effects of CFCs 13 In Para. 6, the author cites the evidence of changes in the ozone layer over the northern hemisphere to indicate that______.（A）the danger of ozone depletion appear to be intensifying（B）ozone depletion is posing an immediate threat to many marine species（C）scientists are unsure about the ultimate effects of ozone loss on plants（D）CFCs are not the primary cause of ozone depletion in such areas14 Which of the following scientists apparently believe about the" volcanic gases" mentioned in Para. 6?（A）They are hastening ozone loss at present.（B）They contribute more to global warming than to ozone loss.（C）They pose a greater long-term threat than CFCs.（D）They contain molecules that are less destructive of ozone than CFCs.15 The author's reference to the long life of chlorine molecules(Para. 7)is meant to show that______.（A）there is more than adequate time to develop a long-term strategy against ozone loss（B）the positive effects of actions taken against ozone loss will be gradual（C）the long-term effects of ozone loss on human health may never be known（D）it is doubtful that normal levels of ozone can ever be reestablished16 In the final paragraph, the author tries to emphasize that______.（A）researchers are unlikely to find effective substitutes for CFCs（B）human action can alleviate the decline of the ozone layer（C）people must learn to line with the damaging effects of industrial pollutants（D）atmospheric conditions are largely beyond human control16 Maman-Nainaine said that when the figs were ripe Babette might go to visit her cousin down on the Bayou-Lafourche where the sugar cane grows. Not that the ripening of the figs had the least thing to do with it, but that is the way Maman-Nainaine was.It seemed to Babette a very long time to wait; for the leaves upon the trees were tender yet, and the figs were like little hard green marbles.But warm rains came along and plenty of strong sunshine; and though Maman-Nainaine was as patient as the statue of la Madone, and Babette as restless as a hummingbird, the first thing they both knew it was hot summertime. Every day Babette danced out to where the fig trees were in a long line against the fence. She walked slowly beneath them, carefully peering between the gnarled, spreading branches. But each time she came disconsolate away again. What she saw there finally was something that made her sing and dance the whole day long.When Maman-Nainaine sat down in her stately way to breakfast, the following morning, her muslin cap standing like an aureole about her white, placid face, Babette approached. She bore a dainty porcelain platter, which she set down before her godmother. It contained a dozen purple figs, fringed around with their rich, green leaves. "Ah, "said Maman-Nainaine arching her eyebrows, " how early the figs have ripened this year!""Oh, "said Babette. "I think they have ripened very late. "" Babette, " continued Maman-Nainaine, as she peeled the very plumpest figs with her pointed silver fruit-knives, "you will carry my love to them all down to Bayou-Lafourche. And tell your Tante Frosine I shall look for her at Toussaint—when the chrysanthemums are in bloom.17 Which of the following does the phrase "but that is the way Maman-Nainaine was" suggest about Maman-Nainaine?（A）She was not aware of the seriousness of the situation.（B）She was an overtly strict woman.（C）Her actions had their own logic.（D）She gave out punishment for no reason.18 All of the following pairs of words illustrate the difference between Maman-Nainaine and Babette EXCEPT______.（A）patient and "restless"（B）ripe and "bloom"（C）purple and green（D）early and late19 Which of the following does the word "though"(Line 1 , Para. 3)imply in the context of the sentence?（A）The two women were in disagreement.（B）Patience is a virtue when waiting for something.（C）Maman-Nainaine's patience was annoying to Babette.（D）Their patience and impatience had no effect on nature.20 The narrative point of view of the passage as a whole is that of______.（A）a third-person objective observer（B）a first-person impartial observer（C）the protagonist（D）a disapproving observer二、句子改错21 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences: underline the wrong parts and put the correct ones in the brackets. If there is no error, use a" √" or write "No error"on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Very convincing was the saleswoman's pitch about the value of the used car that Herbert nearly missed the fallacy in its logic.22 Barbara Walters distinguished herself as journalist by asking famous people the kinds of questions that other reporters shied away from.23 Because the ancient Egyptians defined the hour as one-twelf of the time from dawn to dusk, its length varied during the course of the year.24 Moira forced herself to eat every morsel on her plate, although she found the food practically inedible, she wanted to avoid protesting her kind hosts.25 Because of her conservative views the professor frequently found herself defending traditional values and the status quo in arguments with her more radical students.26 Although the whale shark is found in equatorial waters around the world, it is rarely encountered by divers in spite of its low numbers and solitary nature.27 The British social philosopher Thomas Malthus predicted that population growth would eventually surpass world food production, resulting massive famine and political unrest.28 In the early nineteenth century, some British agricultural workers felt that newly invented farm machinery risked their jobs, and they displayed their fear of technology by smashing machines.29 The famous movie star regarded her mountain cabin as a haven; she felt safe there from the annoying intrusions of reporters and photographers.30 The features of Noh, the oldest fonn of Japanese drama, are highly prescribed; verse sections must be sung, and the vocal style in the prose passages has to base on the chanting of specific Buddhist prayers.三、写作31 Read the following quote and write an argumentation of about 400 words on the true reader." Ignorant of the daily news, though versed in the catalogues of the second hand booksellers, in whose dark premises he spends the hours of sunlight—the true reader is essentially young—he is open minded and communicative, to whom reading is more of the nature of brisk exercise in the open air than of sheltered study; he trudges the high road. "by Virginia Woolf, British writerIn the first part of your writing you should introduce your argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the final part, you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instruction will result in a loss of marks.四、英译汉32 Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)Although art historians have spent decades demystifying Van Gogh's legend, they have done little to diminish his vast popularity. Auction prices still soar, visitors overpopulate Van Gogh exhibitions, and The Starry Night remains * ubiquitous on dormitory and kitchen walls. So complete is Van Gogh's global * apotheosis that Japanese tourists now make pilgrimages to Auvers to sprinkle their relatives' ashes on his grave. What accounts for the endless appeal of the Van Gogh myth? It has at least two deep and powerful sources. At the most primitive level, it provides a satisfying and nearly universal revenge fantasy disguised as the story of heroic sacrifice to art. Anyone who has ever felt isolated and unappreciated can identify with Van Gogh and hope not only for a spectacular redemption but also to put critics and doubting relatives to shame. At the same time, the myth offers an alluringly simplistic conception of great art as the product, not of particular historical circumstances and the artists' painstaking calculations, but of the naive and spontaneous outpourings of a mad, holy fool.* ubiquitous;existing or found everywhere* apotheosis; the raising of a person to the highest possible honour and glory五、汉译英33 接读朋友的来信，尤其是远自海外犹带着异国风情的航空信件，如果无需回信的话，确是人生一大快事。

2008中山大学英语分级考试

更多资讯请留意：中大青年网中山大学新生英语入学测试试卷College English Placement TestSeptember 7, 2008Part ⅠListening comprehension (25%)Part ⅡReading comprehension (1%,20%)Directions：There are 4 passages in this part. Each passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage：A third of Britons are overweight, states a report published in January by the Royal College of Physicians, the result of an 18-month-long study. About five per cent of the children weigh too much, and are likely to stay that way for life; in the mid-twenties age group the proportion of fat people rises to a third, and of the middle-age population half are overweight.Fat people risk severe health problem, says the report, including high blood pressure, breathlessness, and various forms of heart disease. Smoking is particularly risky for overweight people.The safest way to lose weight is to eat cereals, bread, fruit and vegetables, and cut down on fatty meats, butter and sweet foods. Fat diets do far more harm than good; slimming machines that vibrate muscles have not been proved useful; saunas merely remove a little body water, and health farms, says the report, serve as expensive holidays.Exercise is most important to health, the report emphasizes; though it doesn't necessarily reduce weight, it maintains the correct proportion of body fat to body muscle. And it isn't only for the young. From middle age a minimum of 20 minutes of gentle physical jerks should be practiced three times a week.The report advocates several public health measures to combat the high prevalence of overweight in this country. They include an increase of tax on alcohol to reduce its increasing, and dangerously fattening, consumption; and the provision of more sports facilities by local authorities. Britain's doctors, the report concludes, must learn to be more sympathetic and specific in their advice to the overweight, encouraging a change in eating habits on a long-term basis, and taking into account the many -often complex - reasons why fat people are fat31. The passage mainly talks about_______.A. Britons' overweight problemB. how to avoid getting overweight更多资讯请留意：中大青年网C. the cause of Britons overweightD. the relations between overweight and health problems32. According to the report, a person is most likely to stay fat for the whole of his life if he________.A. gets fat in his twentiesB. gets fat in his middle ageC. was born fatD. gets fat when he is a child33. The report suggests that exerciseA. is a way to reduce weightB. is a sure way to keep one healthyC. sometimes increases weightD. can convert fat to muscle34. The report points out that drinking too much alcoholA. will also cause a person to get overweightB. will cause a person to do less sportC. will make a person forget the fact that he is fatD. will lead a person to bad eating habits35. Britain’s doctors, when treating the overweight, shouldA. encourage a long-term diet for everyoneB. be more considerate and give detailed adviceC. first consider why so many people are overweightD. do all of the abovePassage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage：Knowing ahead of time how to get out during a fire can save needed time. The best way out in a fire is the route you use to go in and out everyday. Yet in a fire this route may be blocked. Be sure to plan other escape routes.Practice your escape plan an night when it is dark. Be sure that your plan is good and will work. For instance, make sure that a child can actually open the window he is supposed to use for his escape. Teach children to close their bedroom doors. Tell them to will by an open window until someone can reach them from outside. If an adult cannot be wakened, children should understand that they must leave by themselves.Choose a meeting place outside. This way you can tell if everyone is safely out of the building. Know where nearby telephones or fire alarm boxes are found.If you live in an apartment, try to get everyone out. Learn where the fire alarm is in the building. Your family should know what the fire alarm bell or horn sounds like. They should know what to do when they hear it. Try to get the other families in your building together to have fire drills. Write down the telephone number of the fire department. Tape the number to each phone. Don’t forget to let the babysitter in on your plans. Tell your babysitter what to do in case of fire.Early warning is the key to a safe escape. It has been shown time and time again that a family can escape if warned early enough.36. Which of the following statements is true?A. You must take the route you use to go in and out in a fire.更多资讯请留意：中大青年网B. The route is always blocked in a fire.C. You should not rely on one route during a fire.D. During a fire, planning escape route can save you needed time.37. Which is the best advice for children during a fire?A. Children should awaken an adult before they leave.B. Children should close the bedroom doors and windows.C. Children should jump out of window even though they are in a high place.D. Children should open a window and wait there for help.38. People who live in apartment should______.A. practice the plan togetherB. make sure they know the fire chief.C. not have to pay for insuranceD. do fire drills separately39. If you are trapped in a bedroom during a fire, you should______.A. hide under the bed.B. stand in a cornerC. lie still.D. close the bedroom doors.40. When the best time to practice escape plan?A. At duskB. In the afternoonC. In the morningD. At nightPassage ThreeQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage：Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies(一分为二). This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.41. The passage is mainly discussing _______.更多资讯请留意：中大青年网A. two different societiesB. the necessity of social changeC. certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occurD. certain factors that promote social change42. ______ is one of the factors that tend to promote social change.A. Joint interestB. Advanced technologyC. Different points of viewD. Less emotional people43. The expression greater tolerance（paragraph 1）refers to _____.A. greater willingness to accept social changeB. quicker adaptation to changing circumstancesC. more respect for different beliefs and behaviorD. greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas44. According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true？A. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.B. Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change.C. Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.D. Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young.45. Why has change not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to white people?A. Black people used to be slavesB. White people are of more different originsC. Black people are poorD. White people like to make shape changePassage fourQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage：Most employers say that they wish to employ the right person for the right job. A recent report by Britain's Independent Institute of Manpower Studies，however，disagrees with this. The report states that most employers wish to avoid employing the wrong person. Rather than looking for the right person，they are looking for applicants to turn down.The report also suggests that in Britain and in many other parts of the world，the selection methods used to pick out the right person for the job certainly do not match up to those used to judge a piece of new equipment. Employers used three main selection methods: interviewing，checking resume or application forms and examining references. Most of the employers asked in this survey stated that these selection methods were used more for “weeding out” unsuitable applicants rather than for finding suitable ones.Interviews were considered to be more reliable than either resume checks or references from past employers. Research，however，proves otherwise. Interviewers’ decisions are often strongly influenced by their earlier judgment of the written application. Also，different employers view facts differently. One may consider applicants who have frequently changed jobs as people with broad and useful experience. Another will see such applicants as unreliable and unlikely to stay for long in the new job.更多资讯请留意：中大青年网Some employers place great importance on academic qualifications whereas the link between this and success in management is not necessarily strong. Some employers use handwriting as a standard. The report states that there is little evidence to support the value of the latter for judging working ability. References，also，are sometime unreliable as they are not very important，while checks on credit and security records and applicants' political opinions are often the opposite.The report is more favorable towards trainability tests and those which test personality and personal and mental skills. The report concludes by suggesting that interviewing could become more reliable if the questions were arranged in a careful，organized system and focused on the needs of the employing organization.46. According o the passage, when most employers want to hire workers, _______.A. they will try to find suitable peopleB. they will look for the right applicantC. the wrong applicants are to be turned downD. to turn down the wrong people is what they say they aim to do47. It is implied that ______.A. to evaluate a right person is more difficult than to evaluate equipmentB. employers are more successful in selecting the right equipment than the right personsC. criteria will be set up according to the real situation of the applicantsD. curriculum vitae means application forms48. Most of the recruiters ______.A. consult the applicantsB. can find suitable peoplesC. prefer curriculum vitae or referencesD. use different ways to sort out the unsuitable applicants49. Which of the following is True?A. Employers get different conclusions from the facts.B. Changing jobs frequently will reduce the change to be recruited.C. Academic qualifications will guarantee the applicant managing ability.D. Handwriting is a valid way to evaluate an applicant.50. It can be inferred from the passage that successful employees will be those who _____.A. have outstanding referencesB. are strong in emotional quotientC. take interviewing seriouslyD. have strong political leaningsPart ⅢVocabulary and Structure (35%Section A (1%, 30%)Directions: there are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fo ur choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.51. They had a fierce _____ as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago.更多资讯请留意：中大青年网A. crashB. debateC. contestD. disagreement52. The early pioneers had to _____ many hardships to settle on the new land.A. go in forB. go back onC. go throughD. go on53. The local health organization is reported _____ twenty-five years ago when Dr.Audon became its first president.A. to be set upB. to have been set upC. being set upD. having been set up54. He invented a plough _____ any other in existence.A. far superior toB. more superior thanC. more superior toD. much superior than55. He is watching TV? He is _____ to be cleaning his room.A. knownB. consideredC. regardedD. supposed56. As scheduled, the communication satellite went into _____ round the earth.A. circleB. pathC. orbitD. course57. If this bill is not paid within five days, your gas supply will be _____.A. abandonedB. cut offC. turned downD. lost touch58. When no one answered the door, she _____ through the window to see if anyone was there.A. spottedB. inquiredC. scannedD. peered59. I don’t want to lend any money to him; he is already in debt _____ me.A. forB. toC. ofD. with60. Nowadays advertising cost money to him; he is already in debt _____ me.A. connectionB. reactionC. relationD. proportion61. A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is _____ conditions or events.A. in contract toB. in favor toC. in response toD. in case of62. She said she liked dancing but was not in the _____ for it just then.A. mannerB. intentionC. desireD. mood63. The car _____ halfway for no reason and we could not move.A. broke offB. broke downC. broke upD. broke out64. In Britain today women _____ 44% of the workforce and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.A. build upB. stand forC. make upD. conform to65. The plan seem quite simple to me, but I just can’t _____ to my classmates.A. get it acrossB. get at itC. get it downD. get through it66. A man who is cruel to his children should be held in _____.A. contextB. contemptC. controversyD. convict67. The villagers were very _____ towards anyone who passed through.A. hospitalB. hospitalizedC. hospiceD. hospitable68. I meant _____ you about it, but I forgot to do so.A. to have toldB. to have been toldC. to tellD. telling更多资讯请留意：中大青年网 69. The American society is _____ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.A. originated fromB. established onC. come fromD. turned out70. The French pianist who had been praised very highly _____ to be a great disappointment.A. turned upB. turned inC. turned downD. turned out71. Joe differs from his brother _____ he is very diligent while his brother is included to idleness.A. in whereB. in whichC. in whatD. in that72. –Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?–I’m afraid _____ day is possible.A. eitherB. neitherC. someD. both73. _____, he cannot succeed.A. Try as he mayB. As he may tryC. Try may he asD. How may he try74. Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can’t remember _____.A. whereB. whichC. thereD. that75. Only yesterday _____ that they had wronged their son.A. did the parent realizeB. the parent realizedC. the parent were realizedD. were the parent realized76. After I heard that I took a deferred pass in botany (植物学) , I was in a _____ emotional state.A. doubtfullyB. highlyC. greatlyD. nervously77. The staff proposed that wages _____.A. have been raisedB. be raisedC. have to be raisedD. were to be raised78. _____ the advance of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.A. As forB. BesidesC. ExceptD. Despite79. It sounds ridiculous but true that millions of people _____ to see the sun rise if they _____ pay for it.A. would have got up…had had toB. may get up…have toC. would get up…had toD. could get up…have to80. By using space technology China can predict natural disasters _____, Luan said.A. far more precisely than generally thoughtB. far precisely as generally thoughtC. more precisely than generally thinkingD. more precisely that of general thoughtSection B (0.5%, 10%)Directions: From the four choices given below the statements, choose the ONE that is closest in meaning to the underlined part in the sentence.81. Many cinema-goers were stunned by the film’s violent and tragic end.更多资讯请留意：中大青年网A. shockedB. disappointedC. indifferentD. angry82. The villages raked the district for a trace of the missing boy.A. exploredB. trampedC. exploitedD. combed83. Few countries today enjoy prosperous economy.A. staticB. assumedC. poorD. flourishing84. Collins was so seriously injured that he was unable to continue his career.A. resumedB. assumedC. consumedD. ensure85. Miss Baker’s respond to your request seemed gratifying.A. pleasingB. shrewdC. overwhelmingD. threatening86. You have to pay a premium for express delivery.A. extra tipB. extra changeC. extra bonusD. extra price87. The runaway had been in flight for a couple of days and was caught at the entrance to the library this morning.A. by planeB. in the long runC. on the runD. by air88. After many failures, his eventual success surprised all of us.A. finalB. outstandingC. exceptionalD. full89. Please express my good wish to your parents. I haven’t met them for years.A. informB. amuseC. denyD. convey90. There are so few bald eagles left in America that many people fear they are in danger of extinct.A. dyingB. dying outC. dying downD. dying awayPart ⅣClose (1%, 20%)Direction: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Historians tend to tell the same joke when they are describing history education in America. It’s the one __91__ the teacher standing in the schoolroom door __92__ goodbye to students for the summer and calling __93__ them, “By the way, we won World War II.”The problem with the joke, of course, is that it’s __94__ funny. The recent surveys on __95__ illiteracy (无知) are beginning to numb (令人震惊): nearly one third of American 17-year-olds cannot even __96__ which countries the United States __97__ against in that war. One third have no __98__ when the Declaration of Independence was __99__. One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750. Two thirds cannot correctly __100__ the Civil War between 1850 and 1900. __101__ when they get the answers right, some are __102__ guessing.Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be __103__ connected to loss of international __104__. But it does affect our future __105__ a democratic nation and as individuals.The __106__ news is that there is growing agreement __107__ what is wrong with the __108__ of history and what needs to be __109__ to fix it. The steps are tentative (尝试更多资讯请留意：中大青年网性)__110__ yet to be felt in most classrooms.91. A. about B. in C. for D. by92. A. shaking B. waving C. nodding D. speaking93. A. in B. after C. for D. up94. A. rarely B. so C. too D. not95. A. historical B. educational C. cultural D. political96. A. distinguish B. acknowledge C. identify D. convey97. A. defeated B. attacked C. fought D. struck98. A. sense B. doubt C. reason D. idea99. A. printed B. signed C. marked D. edited100. A. place B. judge C. get D. lock101. A. Even B. Though C. Thus D. So102. A. hardly B. just C. still D. ever103. A. exclusively B. practically C. shortly D. directly104. A. competitiveness B. comprehensionC. communityD. commitment105. A. of B. for C. with D. as106. A. fine B. nice C. surprising D. good107. A. to B. with C. on D. of108. A. consulting B. coaching C. teaching D. instructing109. A. done B. dealt C. met D. reached110. A. therefore B. or C. and D. asPart Ⅴ. Oral CommunicationSection A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In the section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that appropriately suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet a single line through the center.111. [A]: The chocolate cake is very good today.[B]: _____.A. Yes, I’ve to consider it carefullyB. No, I can’t afford itC. Yes, I’ll have it tomorrow, not todayD. No, thanks. I’ll have an apple pie with ice cream on the top112. [A]: _____[B]: I have only a bottle of Brandy and a painting.A. Do you have anything to declare?B. What have you bought abroad?更多资讯请留意：中大青年网C. What do you have to pay the tax?D. Anything you what me to know?113. [A]: Operator, I’d like to place a call to Beijing, please.[B]: _____A. OK. What are you?B. Just a moment, please.C. All right. How are youD. Sorry, you have to pay.114. [A]: Excuse me. When will the Flight 666 arrive?[B]: _____A. Sorry. I can’t tell you.B. Good. You have missed it.C. Well. It had been delayed.D. OK. Here you are.115. [A]: Have you got the book recommended by our teacher?[B]: _____A. No, I have got itB. No, it have been sold outC. Yes, they don’t sell it.D. Yes, I have one already.Section A Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In the section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer to the question from the four choices given. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.116. [Man]: This is Mr. Jones. My heater is not getting any power and the temperature is going to get down below freezing.[Woman]: This is our busiest time of the year, but I’ll speak to one of our men about getting over there sometime today.[Question]: What did the woman mean?A. She would come to fix the man’s heater soon.B. She would send someone to fix the man’s heater.C. She could not come and fix it.D. She was not happy about the heater.117. [Woman]: I feel like it’s only been a few weeks since school started.[Man]: Yes. How time flies! It’s almost time for our final exams.[Question]: What do the speakers imply?A. They didn’t like to study in their school.B. The school year seemed to go by very quickly.C. They’ve been in school for a few days only.D. Though final are over, they have to continue their study.118. [Man]: Are you sure this is the right way to get to the airport? My flight will depart in forty minutes.[Woman]: Sure. This is a shortcut. We’ll be there soon.[Question]: What does the woman mean?A. They have taken a wrong road.B. This way should take less time.更多资讯请留意：中大青年网11C. They will be late because of the bad traffic.D. The road is rough.119. [Woman]: Help yourself to some fish. I hope you ’ll like it.[Man]: My doctor told me to keep far from fish.[Question]: What does the man mean?A. He doesn ’t like eating fish.B. The woman is not good at cooking fish.C. He thinks the fish is too far from him to get.D. He shouldn ’t eat any fish as his doctor told him.120. [Man]: Will you come out this evening and go to cinema with me?[Woman]: That depends on what film the cinema is going to put on.[Question]: What does the woman ’s response mean?A. She does n’t like to go with the man.B. She is more interested in the film than the man.C. She knows there is a good film on.D. She wants the man to tell her where the cinema is.参考答案：31~35 ADBAB 36~40 DDADD 41~45 CCABA 46~50 DCDAD 51~55 BCAAD 56~60 CBDBD61~65 CDBCA 66~70 BDCBD 71~75 ABABA 76~80 BBDCA 81~85 ADDDA 86~90 BCADB 91~95 ABBDA 96~100 CCDBB 101~105 ABDCD 106~110 DCCAB 111~115 DCBCB116~120 BBBDB。

2011年中山大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷.doc

2011年中山大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷(总分：78.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：40.00)For an infant just beginning to interact with the surrounding world, it is imperative that he quickly become proficient in his native language. While developing a vocabulary and the ability to communicate using it are obviously important steps in this process, an infant must first be able to learn from the various streams of audible communication around him. To that end, during the course of even the first few months of development, an infant will begin to absorb the rhythmic patterns and sequences of sounds that characterize his language, and will begin to differentiate between the meanings of various pitch and stress changes. However, it is important to recognize that such learning does not take place in a vacuum. Infants must confront these language acquisition challenges in an environment where, quite frequently, several streams of communication or noise are occurring simultaneously. In other words, infants must not only learn how to segment individual speech streams into their component words, but they must also be able to distinguish between concurrent streams of sound. Consider, for example, an infant being spoken to by his mother. Before he can leam from the slight differences of his mother"s speech, he must first separate that speech from the sounds of the dishwasher, the family dog, the bus stopping on the street outside, and, quite possibly, background noise in the form of speech; a newscaster on the television down the hall or siblings playing in an adjacent room. How exactly do infants wade through such a murky conglomeration of audible stimuli? While most infants are capable of separating out two different voices despite the presence of additional, competing streams of sound, this capability is predicated upon several specific conditions. First, infants are better able to learn from a particular speech stream when that voice is louder than any of. the competing streams of background speech; when two voices are of equal amplitude, infants typically demonstrate little preference towards one stream or the other. Most likely, equally loud competing voice streams, for the infant, become combined into a single stream that necessarily contains unfamiliar patterns and sounds that can quite easily induce confusion. Secondly, an infant is more likely to attend to a particular voice stream if it is perceived as more familiar than another stream. When an infant, for example, is presented with a voice stream spoken by his mother and a background stream delivered by an unfamiliar voice, usually he can easily separate out her voice from the distraction of the background stream. By using these simple yet important cues an infant can become quite adept at concentrating on a single stream of communication and, therefore, capable of more quickly learning the invaluable characteristics and rules of his native language.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following best conveys the main idea of Paragraph 1 ?（分数：2.00）A.Infants are fully aware of their environments.B.Infants have natural talent to develop vocabulary.C.Infants are able to take in information from the environment.D.Infants like rhythmic patterns and sequences of sounds.(2).The phrase "predicated upon several specific conditions"(Para. 4)is used by the author to suggest that______.（分数：2.00）A.most infants have trouble separating out simultaneous streams of speechB.infants can only learn when they are comfortable in their surroundingsC.only in rare instances do these required conditions occurD.infants are not always able to learn from their surrounding environment(3).The author uses the word "necessarily"(Line 4 of Para. 5)in order to suggest that______.（分数：2.00）A.an individual stream understandably changes character when mixed with anotherB.even adults can have trouble distinguishing between streams of equal volumeC.infants always combine separate streams into a single soundD.it is inevitable that two streams of speech are more confusing than one(4).Before an infant can learn from the slight differences of his mother"s speech, he must first______.（分数：2.00）A.understand his father"s communication streamB.be able to distinguish between his mother"s voice from that of the background noiseC.absorb the sounds of dishwasher and petsD.learn something about his language from the television voice(5).The example in the last paragraph is used to illustrate how______.（分数：2.00）A.an infant who spends little time with his parents would probably have trouble with language acquisitionB.an infant in constant vocal interaction with his parents could experience accelerated language acquisitionC.the complexity of an infant"s native language is not a factor in determining whether that language will be easily acquiredD.infants with particularly attentive parents are more likely to acquire language skills more quicklyWhen I accepted a volunteer position as a social worker at a domestic violence shelter in a developing nation, I imagined the position for which my university experience had prepared me.I envisioned conducting intake interviews and traipsing around from organization to organization seeking the legal, psychological, and financial support that the women would need to rebuild their lives. When I arrived, I felt as if I already had months of experience, experience garnered in the hypothetical situations I had invented and subsequently resolved single-handedly and seamlessly. I felt thoroughly prepared to tackle head-on the situation I assumed was waiting for me. I arrived full of zeal, knocking at the shelter"s door. Within moments, my reality made a sharp break from that which I had anticipated. The coordinator explained that the shelter"s need for financial self-sufficiency had become obvious and acute. To address this, the center was planning to open a bakery. I immediately enthused about the project, making many references to the small enterprise case studies I had researched at the university. In response to my impassioned reply, the coordinator declared me in charge of the bakery and left in order to " get out of my way. " At that moment, I was as prepared to bake bread as I was to run for political office. The bigger problem, however, was that I was completely unfamiliar with the for-profit business models necessary to run the bakery. I was out of my depth in a foreign river with only my coordinator"s confidence to keep me afloat. They say that necessity is the mother of invention. I soon found that it is also the mother of initiative. I began finding recipes and appropriating the expertise of friends. With their help making bread, balancing books, printing pamphlets and making contacts, the bakery was soon running smoothly and successfully. After a short time it became a significant source of income for the house. In addition to funds, baking bread provided a natural environment in which to work with and get to know the women of the shelter. Kneading dough side by side, I shared in the camaraderie of the kitchen, treated to stories about their children and the towns and jobs they had had to leave behind to ensure their safety. Baking helped me develop strong relationships with the women and advanced my understanding of their situations. It also improved the women"s self-esteem. Their ability to master a new skill gave them confidence in themselves, and the fact that the bakery contributed to the upkeep of the house gave the women, many of them newly single, a sense of pride and the conviction that they had the capability to support themselves. Baking gave me the opportunity to work in a capacity I had not at all anticipated, but one that proved very successful. I became a more sensitive and skillful social worker, capable of makinga mean seven-grain loaf. Learning to bake gave me as much newfound self-confidence as it gave the women, and I found that sometimes quality social work can be as simple as kneading dough.（分数：14.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to show how the author______.（分数：2.00）A.was shocked by the discrepancy between her earlier ideas about her work and the reality she facedB.discovered a talent her overly-focused mind had never allowed her to exploreC.broadened how she defined the scope of her workD.developed her abilities to orchestrate a for-profit business enterprise(2).In Line 5 of Para. 1 "garnered" most nearly means______.（分数：2.00）A.exchangedB.collectedC.requiredD.enriched(3).The statement that the author arrived "full of zeal"(Line 1 of Para. 2)indicates that she was______.（分数：2.00）A.anxious and insecureB.eager and interestedC.confident but uninformedD.cheerful but exhausted(4).The author was initially enthusiastic about the idea of the bakery because she______.（分数：2.00）A.considered it from a theoretical point of viewB.hoped to obtain a leadership position in the bakeryC.wanted to demonstrate her baking knowledge to her new coordinatorD.believed it would be a good way to build the women"s self-esteem(5).The comparison in Lines 6 -7 of Para. 2("At that moment...political office")demonstrates the author"s belief that______.（分数：2.00）A.it was unfair of the coordinator to ask the author to run the bakeryB.social workers should not be involved in either baking or politicsC.she was unqualified for a job baking breadD.similar skills were involved in both baking and politics(6).Lines 7 -8 of Para. 2("The bigger...bakery")suggest that the author believed that______.（分数：2.00）A.learning the necessary business practices would be a more daunting challenge than learning to bake breadB.good business practices are more important to running a successful bakery than is the quality of the breadC.her coordinator"s confidence in for-profit business models was misplacedD.for-profit business models are significantly more complex than the non-profit models with which she was familiar(7).The last sentence("Learning...dough")indicates that the author______.（分数：2.00）cked self-confidence just as much as the women with whom she workedB.found that performing social work is surprisingly easy with no educationC.underestimated her own ability to learn new skillsD.derived a benefit from her work while helping othersThough he would one day be considered an innovator and founding father of the artistic movement known as Impressionism, Claude Monet(1840-1926)began his career as a fairly traditional representational artist. His painting gradually changed, however, as he became interested in lightand how it affects perception—an interest that led him to attempt to paint light itself rather than the objects off of which light reflected. Monet also rejected the tradition of painting in a dedicated studio, and left the confines of his dusty room to paint outside. Many of his friends and fellow artists, including Pisarro, Renoir and Cezanne, were also interested in working alfresco and joined him in painting outdoors. This group, the core of the movement that would later be classified as Impressionism, made it a common practice to paint the same scene many times in a day to explore the changes in the light, using small patches of color rather than the large brush strokes and blended color that had characterized artistic technique until that time. The Impressionists were thus attempting to evoke a mood rather than document a specific scene or event, as had been the aim of earlier painters. This move away from representation was also effected by a technological development, as photography became more affordable and popular. Before the development of photography, painting was the primary means of documenting the marriages, births, and business successes of the wealthy. Photographers soon took over much of this role because photographs were faster, more accurate, and less expensive than paintings. This freed the Impressionists to find new roles for their medium and encouraged the public to think about painting in a new way. It was no longer just a means of recording significant events; it now reflected an artist"s unique vision of a scene or moment. Today, Impressionism enjoys a privileged position with many art historians and critics, although this was certainly not always the case. As the movement was developing, most critics were at best uninterested and often appalled by the work. Even the name of the movement was originally a derisive critique. A critic who, like most of his colleagues, prized realism in paintings, declared the movement "Impressionism" after the name of the painting Impression: A Sunrise, by Monet. The critic considered the Impressionists" works unfinished—only an impression, rather than a complete painting. It is safe to say that such a critic would be in the minority today, however. Impressionist paintings are now some of the most prized works in the art world. Museums and individuals pay huge sums to add these works to their collections, and the reproductions of the artworks are among the most popular fine art posters sold.（分数：16.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to______.（分数：2.00）A.condemn the critics who prevented the Impressionists from exhibiting their workB.contrast Monet"s work with that of Pisarro, Renoir, and CezanneC.describe the primary characteristics of Monet"s paintingsD.explain the origins of Impressionism and Monet"s role in the movement(2).According to the passage, the Impressionists did all of the following EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00）A.paint the same scene at different times of the dayB.paint the light reflected by objectsC.receive acclaim from their contemporariesD.reconsider the role of painting in society(3).In Line 10 of Para. 1, the author most likely mentions "patches of color" to describe______.（分数：2.00）A.the light that the Impressionists encountered when they worked outdoorsB.a shortcoming of traditional paintingsC.a distinguishing characteristic of modern paintersD.an innovative technique used by Impressionist painters(4).The discussion of photography(Para. 2)serves as______.（分数：2.00）A.a description of an innovation that affected the development of ImpressionismB.the most important context in which to understand ImpressionismC.a demonstration of its similarities to paintingD.a demonstration of the public"s dislike of Impressionism(5).The author of the passage would most likely describe the medium of photography as______.（分数：2.00）A.expensiveB.preciseC.falseD.inconsistent(6).In Para. 3 "a derisive critique" most nearly means that the criticism was made in a(n)______way.（分数：2.00）A.carelessB.constructiveC.exaggeratingD.mocking(7).The "critic" mentioned in Line 5 of Para. 3 would most likely agree that______.（分数：2.00）A.Impressionist paintings are inferior because they fail to clearly represent their subjectsB.Impressionism now enjoys a much more prestigious place in the art world than it once didC.Monet"s Impression; A Sunrise was a highly influential workD.the use of photography to document important events freed painters to explore other roles(8).In Line 8 of Para. 3 "prized" most nearly means______.（分数：2.00）A.awardedB.discoveredC.valuedD.decorated二、句子改错(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Correct the mistakes in the following sentences: underline the wrong parts and put the correct ones in the brackets. If there is no error, use a √ or write "No error" on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)My parents, my younger sister, and me were delighted to see how much my cousin had grown since we last visited his family in the summer.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.We spent a most enjoyable afternoon sitting on the grass, watching for unusual shaped cloud formation.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Beside the dusty road sets a pond, which serves as a breeding ground for several species of the noisiest animals such as fogs.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.The other students and she felt unprepared when tested on facts not learned in class.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.Working two jobs is common among struggling actors, the majority of them work in restaurants that allow them flexible hours to audition.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.Food produced without pesticides poses fewer danger and promotes easier digestion than that produced through traditional agriculture.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.When Shirin Abadi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, many of her colleagues praised her exceptional efforts for democracy and human rights in Iran.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.Concerned about the coming game on Saturday, each of the team members spent most of the week practicing their plays.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________9.Even the San Francisco Earthquake in the spring of 1906 leveled many buildings, it was the subsequent series of fires that destroyed most of the city.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.Studies indicate that the environments in schools where there are fewer adults on staff is often not conducive to learning.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作11.Here"s a description of a company manager"s personal experience in his job: " I"ve been working in and with international companies for more than a decade, often specifically brought in to help solve cross-cultural communication or management challenges, or to fix disfunctional internal corporate cultures. So my ear has become attuned to the " us versus they " clues. They never listen. They just don"t understand. We are right, they are wrong. " The British poet RudyardKipling(1865-1936)also expressed his understanding of cultural differences by means of a poem "We and They". The following box contains the beginning and the end stanzas excerpted from the poem. Now read the following two stanzas, and then write an argumentation of about 400 words onthe topic: " Why are " They" always wrong?". 2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________四、英译汉(总题数：1，分数：2.00)12.Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) The period of Chinese scientific activity did not begin until the first years of the Republic. The older reformers only introduced a book knowledge of the sciences, without fully understanding their intellectual significance, without adequate equipment for laboratory work, and without adequately trained leaders to organize the studies and researches. Most of the textbooks on science were translated by men who admired science most sincerely but who had only a very superficial book knowledge of the subjects in the Japanese schools, and never did real laboratory work or undertook field expeditions. The schools were beginning to have classroom experiments in physics and chemistry, and botanical and zoological specimens; but they were as bookish as the textbooks, and were useless for the training of scientific workers.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、汉译英(总题数：1，分数：2.00)13.Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) 徐志摩在《吸烟与文化》中深情地写道：“我在康桥的日子可真是幸福，生怕这辈子再也得不到那样甜蜜的机会了。

(完整版)英语语言学考研真题与典型题详解1

1.3考研真题与典型题详解I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be called ______ features. (北二外2006研)2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研)3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication.4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences ba sed on limited rules. This feature is usually termed______5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______.6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rul es for people to observe.7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing.8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研)9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______. (北二外2004研)10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研)11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研)12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a lang uage, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研)13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relations hip between language and society.14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (北二外2008研)15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utteran ces) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguisticlinguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研)16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study.17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Cho msky’s______.18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”, whi ch is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking，listening，writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors.19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研)20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研)II. Multiple Choice1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院2008研)A. ArbitrarinessB. ConventionC. Duality2.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研)A. treeB. crashC. typewriterD. bang3. A linguist regards the changes in language and languages use as______.A. unnaturalB. something to be fearedC. naturalD. abnormal4. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, d ue to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability.B. Duality.C. Displacement.D. Arbitrariness:5. The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with______. (大连外国语学院2008研)A. articulatory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. auditory phonetics6. Which of the following statements is true of Jacobson’s framework of language functions?A. The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake.B. The emotive function is to convey message and inf ormation.C. The conative function is to clear up intentions, words and meanings.D. The phatic function is to establish communion w ith others.7.Which of the following is a main branch of linguistics? (大连外国语学院2008研)A. MacrolinguisticsB. PsycholinguisticsC. Sociolinguistics8. ______ refers to the system of a language, i. e. the arrangement of sounds and words which speakers of a language have a shared knowledge of. (西安外国语学院2006研)A. LangueB. CompetenceC. Communicative competenceD. Linguistic potential9.The study of language at one point in time is a _______ study. (北二外2010研)A. historicalB. synchronicC. descriptiveD. diachronic10. “An refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2,000 years ago. ” This shows that language has the design feature of _ ____.A. arbitrarinessB. creativityC. dualityD. displacement11. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degree Centigrade” is .A. interrogativeB. directiveC. informativeD. performative 12.Saussure is closely connected with______. (大连外国语学院2008研) A. Langue B. Competence C. EticIII. True or False1. Onomatopoeic words can show the arbitrary nature of language. (清华2000研)2. Competence and performance refer respectively to a language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concrete situations.3. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not language4. Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative, and conventionality of language makes a language be passed from generation to generation. As a foreign language learner, the latter is mere important for us.5. The features that define our human languages can be called DESIGN FEATURES. (大连外国语学院2008研)6. By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language.7. Langue is relatively stable and systematic while parole is subject to personal and situational constraints.8. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.9. In language classrooms nowadays the grammar taught to students is basically descriptive, and more attention is paid to the developing learners’ communicative skills.10. Language is a system of arbitrary, written signs which permit all the people in a given culture, or other people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or interact.11. Saussure’s exposition of synchronic analysis led to the school of historical linguistics.12. Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning.13. Wherever humans exist, language exists. (对外经贸2006研)14. Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.15. Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refers to the fact that language has two levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of meanings.16. Prescriptive linguistics is more popular than descriptive linguistics, because it can tell us how to speak correct language. IV. Explain the following terms.1.Duality (北二外2010研；南开大学2010研)2.Design featurespetence4.Displacement (南开大学2010研；清华2001研)5.Diachronic linguistics6. Descriptive linguistics7.Arbitrariness(四川大学2006研)V. Short answer questions1. Briefly explain what phonetics and phonology are concerned with and what kind of relationships hold between the two. (北外2002研)参考答案及解析I.Fill in the blanks.1.Design (人类语言区别于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区别特征，是人类语言特有的特征。

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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌育明教育官方网站
：
12008年中山大学英语基础考研真题详解
【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌育明教育官方网站：
2备考计划走好每个考研的每一步，让梦想越来越近！考研，即“参加硕士研究生入学考试”之意。

其英文表述是“Take part in the entrance exams forpostgraduate schools ”。

考研首先要符合国家标准，其次按照程序：与学校联系、先期准备、报名、初试、调剂、复试、复试调剂、录取、毕业生就业、其他等方面依次进行。

中国教育在线考研频道为广大准备考研的学子总结了一些必要的考研常识，希望对准备考研的同学有所帮助。

准备阶段(2014年3月之前)
1、搜集考研资料，评估自身实力，选择专业、院校，确定考研目标。

2、到论坛上看大家对各类考研复习资料的评价，购买复习书籍和资料。

3、根据往届考研经验，结合自己情况，制定一个整体复习计划。

4、参加辅导班考研讲座，不一定报班，但会获取有用信息【详情】基础阶段(2014年3月-6月）复习要全面而基础，不求快，只求掌握好基础，不要急着做模拟题。

英语：英语主要是复习单词和长难句的阶段。

单词要复习两至三遍。

数学：对课本进行学习。

每复习完一章都要配合适当练习题。

专业课：通读专业课本阶段。

本着"把薄书读厚"原则，熟悉课本的体系构架。

[详情]
提高阶段(2014年7月-8月）
关注考研大纲，准备最新的辅导书。

英语：重点研习历年真题，做阅读和长难句。

单词仍需复习但不是重点。

数学：进行第二轮复习，开始集中做习题，弄懂每一题。

专业课：开始做专业课的练习、模拟题还有真题。

扩充书本。

政治：开始着手复习，政治书看一遍，理解里面的概念。

[详情]
强化阶段(2014年9月-10月）
前段复习的总结、梳理、查缺补漏。

英语：进一步研究真题，摸清思路加强阅读练习，每周练习一篇作文。

数学：建立数学框架体系，融会贯通。

通过做题，加深概念定理的理解。

专业课：把专业课课本的脉络整理出来记在课本上，要用自己的理解完成。

政治：分章看书分章做题，吃准概念。

熟悉政治的整个知识结构。

[详情]
冲刺阶段(2014年11月-考前一周）
上午数学和政治，下午英语和专业课。

英语：做冲刺模拟题，保证做题的时间和保持感觉，总结作文经验。

【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌育明教育官方网站：
3数学：数学查漏补缺。

限制时间做模拟题，保持做题感觉。

专业课：按照之前做的笔记，回忆课本回忆细节。

争取做到心中有本课本。

政治：反复看课本，做模拟题，学习答题技巧，提高准确率。

[详情]临考阶段(考前一周）
要多休息，作息时间按照考试来安排。

要保持身体健康，心情愉悦。

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