2021年高考英语语法复习 构词法考点总结及配套练习
英语构词法讲解及练习
名词 ---- 动词
hand n. 手 seat n. 座位 --- vt. 上交 --vt. 坐
nurse n. 护士
oil n. 油 time n. 时间 ---
-----
vt. 护理
vt. 上油
vt. 定时，测时
show n. 展览,展示—vt. 表演,演出
形容词----动词 slow( adj. 慢的)---slow ( v. 放慢) open (adj. 开着的)—open( v.开)
care v. 照料 --- careful adj. 细心的 work v. 工作 --- worker n. 工人
常见的前缀
(A)表示否定的前缀： un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-inactive (常用在adj.后) dis-disagree, disappear im-impolite, impossible (用在b,p,m 开头的词前)
examination--exam
另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组 成. CD ( compact disk)
CCTV( China Central Television)
NBA (National Basketball Association)
UFO( unidentified flying object)
-ed surprised, balanced, talented -ing interesting, outstanding
4.动词变形容词
-al
traditional, international, natural
5. 名词、形容词变动词：
高考英语语法知识点专题复习—构词法
高考英语语法知识点专题复习—构词法构词法基础及提高篇1. 构词法的三种构成形式。
2. 派生、转化及合成词的灵活使用。
英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。
一、合成：合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词。
合成形式主要有以下几种：1. 合成名词：名词+名词：postman, girlfriend, flowerbed, notebook形容词+名词：blackboard, supermarket, greenhouse名词+动词：daybreak, sunrise, breastfeed动词-ing形式+名词：reading room, washing machine名词+动词-ing形式：handwriting, papermaking动词+名词：pickpocket, workroom动词+副词：breakup其它形式：get-together, go-between, passer-by2. 合成形容词：形容词/ 数词+名词+ed：warm-hearted, five-storeyed名词+过去分词：home-made, hand-made名词+形容词：world-famous, ice-cool形容词/数词+名词：full-time, second-hand形容词+过去分词：newborn副词+分词：well-known, newly-built其它形式：face-to-face, evergreen3. 合成代词：代词宾格/物主代词+ self/selves：herself, ourselves某些不定代词some, any, every, no等+ body/one/thing：anyone, nothing4. 合成介词：介词+介词：throughout, within5. 合成副词：副词+名词：indoors, overhead, upstairs介词+名词：alongside, beforehand名词+形容词：sky-high副词+介词：nearby其它形式：meanwhile, headfirst6. 合成动词：副词+动词：overhear, overwork, underline名词+动词：moonwalk, sunbathe形容词+动词：whitewash, safeguard二、转化：转化是指一个单词的词形不经过任何变化而由一种词性转化为另一种词性。
(完整版)英语构词法详解及练习
高中英语构词法讲解与练习一.种类英语构词法主要有：合成法，转变法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。
二.定义与精讲1.转变法英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这类把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转变法。
1)动词转变成名词①很多动词可以转变成名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化，如：Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散闲步吧。
②有时意思有必然变化，如：He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格强壮的汉子。
③有的与一个动词和不定冠词组成短语，表示一个动作，如：Let's have a swim.我们游泳吧。
2)名词转变成动词①很多表示物件，如Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗 ?②身体部位，如：Please hand me the book请.把那本书递给我。
③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，如：Shenursed her husband back to health她.看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。
④某些抽象名词也可作动词。
如：We lunched together我.们在一起吃了午餐。
3)形容词转变成动词有少许形容词可以转变成动词。
如：We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要全力改进我们的生活情况。
4)副词转变成动词有少许副词可以转变成动词。
比方：Murder will out.( 谚语 )恶事终必然败事。
5)形容词转变成名词①表示颜色的形容词常可转变成名词，如：You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服②某些形容词如 old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured 等与 the 连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数以下，如：The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
(2021年整理)英语构词法讲解及专项练习
英语构词法讲解及专项练习编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（英语构词法讲解及专项练习）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为英语构词法讲解及专项练习的全部内容。
构词法Word Formation在英语中,词的构成方式主要有三种:合成、转化和派生。
一、合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。
方式：1. 直接写在一起. 2。
用连字符（—）连接。
3. 由两个分开的词构成.(1) 合成形容词(2)合成动词（3）合成名词（4)合成副词however， maybe， wherever, whenever, forever(5)合成代词whoever，， whatever， everyone， nobody， myself， something，anything,二、派生 Derivation 前缀后缀注意： -ese, —ian, —ist 既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词.-er 构成的名词，既有表示人的，又有表示物的。
三、转化 Conversion：指一个词不变化词形,而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。
1。
名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话——打电话， mirror镜子——像镜子一样反映, drink喝--饮料，record录音——记录, name， date, hand， study，2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的-—使完善3.名词转化为形容词（副词) front前面——前面的4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的-—首领语法填空之构词法专项练习1。
The soldier died for saving the child，so his________(die) is heavier than Mount Tai.2. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________（long).3. How________ （fool） he is！4。
2021年高考英语语法复习 构词法考点总结及配套练习
2021年高考英语语法复习构词法考点一前缀1.表示否定意义的前缀2.表示其他意义的常见前缀考点二后缀1.形容词后缀2.名词后缀(1)表示“人”的名词后缀(2)表示其他意义的常见名词后缀3.动词、副词后缀语法训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.He expressed his hope that the cooperation will help to raise the awareness about environmental (protect).2.That’s just one definition of the (express) “to get under someone’s skin.”3.At home he gave a dinner party to show the (invent) to his friends.4.As is known to all,a positive parent-child relationship is beneficial to the physical and mental (grow) of children,but keeping a healthy parent-child bond needs the efforts of both parties.5.Scientists have made great (contribute) to finding out how long the earth has been warming,at what rate it is warming,and what factors are causing it.6.It has been depicted in a (various) of media,such as literature,film,and science reports.7.Once the brush movement hesitates,a black mark is created,so speed, (strong) and agility (敏捷) is the essence of fine artwork.8.Secondly,the advocating for such a practice will mislead people in the (judge) of beauty.9.Seemingly,women should stay at home for (safe)at that time.10.It is the exact (reflect) of interpersonal relationships in the modern world.11.They all smiled and went inside the home,since they knew that a best companion would always get you out of (difficult).12.One of Mary’s prize (possess) was a little white lamb which her husband had given her.She kept it tied to a tree in a field.13.This naturally occurring phenomenon,which is called greenhouse warming,keeps the earth’s surface (warm) than it would be.14.Looking around she said very (patient),“Disgusting indeed!What if I fall into the dirty water?”15.It was (consider) of the lady to give the boy some food and clothes. 答案及剖析:1.protection 考查名词。
英语构词法的重要考点与针对性练习
词 enable 使能够 dishonest 不诚实 unlucky 不幸的 unload 卸货 incorrect 不正确的 impossible 不可能的 irresponsible 不负责任的 illegal 非法的 non-stop 直达的 misfortune 厄运 remarry 再婚 supermodel 超级名模 underground 地下的 interact 互相作用 semicircle 半圆 multi-coloured 多种颜色的
四点: 1. 动 词 、 介 词 、 冠 词 、 物 主 代 词 等 词 后 一 般 接
名词或动名词, 如果所给单词是其它词类, 就要将其 改为名词, 并注意名词数的变化。
（1）Do you know the depth (deep) of the river? （2）His carelessness (careful) resulted in the terrible accident （3）He is one of the scientists (science) who support this theory. 2. 及物动词、 介词后一般接名词或动名词, 如 果 所给单词为动词， 就要看该动词是否有名词形式， 如果有名词形式， 就用其名词形式； 如果该动词没 有名词形式， 就用其动名词。 如： （1） His arrival (arrive) made the situation worse. 说 明 ：动 词 arrive 本 身 有 名 词 形 式 arrival, 所 以 不 用动名词 arriving。 （2）The teacher was angry at my coming (come) late. 说明：动词 come 没有名词，就用动名词 coming。 3. 动 词 前 后 、 形 容 词 前 可 用 副 词 作 状 语 。 如 果 所需词为副词时, 还要考虑副词级的变化。 如： （1）The boy ran quickly (quick) to school. （2）The little girl is extremely （extreme）eager to know the result of the exam。 （3）He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher (height). 4. 在 名 词 前 作 定 语 ， 在 系 动 词 后 作 表 语 ， 以 及 作主语或宾语的补足语时， 通常要用形容词。 如果 所需词为形容词时, 还要考虑形容词级的变化。 （1）What’s the widest (width) river in the world? （2）The stronger (strength) we become, the more modest we should be. 五、针对性练习 单句填空：用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Mary was very ______ at the news, so she looked ______ at her husband, her eyes full of ___________. (sad) 2. He ________football very well and he was one of the best _______ in yesterday’s football match. (play) 3. Look! How ______ Kate is laughing! She seems to be the ______ girl in the world. (happy) 4. To our _________, the headmaster was very _______ with our report.(satisfy) 5. Edison was a great ______. During his life he had many ______. (invent) 6. I should ______ my task and make it ______ to finish it. (simple) 7. The boy having the _______ of being half starved _________, never to be seen again. (appear) 8. The police _______ the pot and _______ a plot
2021高考英语(新高考版)一轮复习考点考法精练：构词法
构词法一、用括号中单词的适当形式填空——词形转换1.The Chinese people have achieved what was once (possible).2.Helping others seemed a very (nature) thing to him. I witnessed the true beauty of human nature in him.3.Wild plants can be up to 9 metres high but on tea plantations(茶园)they are cut back to the bushes about a metre in(high)so that workers can pick the leaves (easy).4.We believe it is (significance) to teach the children good values.5.Things that we believed would last forever had (actual)gone in a second before we realized it.6.Most teas have caffeine in them, a substance that makes people feel more active. Some refuse to drink tea because it can cause (sleepless).7.These tips above will be (extreme)useful when you visit China, an (east) country with a long history.8.The illness left him in a wheelchair and he was (able) to speak except through a voice synthesizer(合成器).9.(surprising), he did not take my offer but told me to pass the act of (kind) on and help more people in need.10.The museum’s online store now sells (create) cultural products.11.T’ai Chi provides the mental(relax) and physical fitness.12.A (common)used greeting in China is the question, "Have you eaten?" It indicates the (important) of food in China.13.History (able)pupils to learn about the culture, which helps them to understand the society they live in.14.Decades later it(gradual)became a key feature of London’s street style.15.But forgiveness is possible — and it can be surprisingly(benefit) to your physical and mental health.16.The pork pie hat, starting in the middle of the 19th century, was the(choose) for many well-dressed Victorian citizens.17.There is a(collect) of 15-second brief videos in Douyin, mainly focused on young people, yet it’s (suit) for all ages.18.Universities and their assets are expensive investments,funded by the government and the public, for the education of students and (science) research.19.China, which takes (proud) in inventions in ancient times, has once again demonstrated its (able) to change the world with its "new four great inventions".20.I think I’ll never forget the(amaze)trip I had in Beijing,China and I hope to go there next time with my friends.21.My first stop was Beijing and of course the Great Wall. Without question it lived up to my (expect).22.He seemed to have sensed my discomfort so he tried to ease my (anxious) by introducing himself.23.The WHO announced a plan to fight obesity in 2014 and invited governments to (courage) their citizens to adopt a (sense) diet and take some exercise.24.Faced with this, we can find a proper time to have a heart-to-heart talk with them, trying to remove the (understand).25.Swimming can not only increase your heart rate without putting a lot stress on your body, but also build up your muscles and(strong).26.Therefore, dogs tend to leave people with the (impress) that they have a stubborn (personal), but they are indeed loyal to their families and friends.27.In some Chinese novels, there are (describe) of charming women in red silk shoes.28.In fact, a butterfly must have a hard struggle to get its (free) from the cocoon(茧).29.They have developed good relations with each other. Mrs. Thomas says they also eat out and go traveling together, which are (forget) experiences for her.30.The Greenpeace works to promote people’s (aware) of the danger that (threat) our planet today.二、通过构词法猜测下列句子中画线单词的含义1.In just a few decades,we have completed an industrialization process that took developed countries several hundred years.2.Socialism with Chinese characteristics provides a broad pathway for China to advance with the times and steer the course of development today.3.China has demonstrated the vitality of scientific socialism with indisputable facts.4.Reform and opening-up is a great reawakening of the Communist Party of China (CPC),nurturing great creativity in both theory and practice for the CPC.5."I love Mexican churros, so I often buy them from the local Mexican takeaway on my phone," she explains.复习效果测评一、用括号中单词的适当形式填空——词形转换1.impossible句意:中国人做成了曾经不可能做成的事情。
2021年高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)练习
2021年高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法（含解析）练习2021年高考英语语法必考考点（15）构词法（含解析）练习李仕才【考点解读】英语词性是可以相互转化的。
词性的转换有两种方法：转化法和缀合法（派生法）。
一、转化法转化法是由一个词类转化为另一个词类的方法，即某一个词早期迁移定型为某一个词义和词类，后来通过词义扩大或比喻等方法把它活用为其它词义和词类的方法，一般在转化义和原义之间有明显的联系。
转化法一般多用于简单音节的词汇中。
转化法主要分为如下四种类型：1. 动词转化为名词。
多用来表示一次性动作，或与动作相关的事物。
①We stopped there for a swim.我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。
swim原为动词“游泳”。
②Xiao Liu's answers is perfectly right.小刘的回答是完全正确的。
answer原为动词“回答”。
2. 名词转化为动词。
这类词多与名词所具有的特殊动作有关，也是修辞。
例如：①He wolfed down three bowls of rice.他狼吞虎咽地吃了三大碗饭。
wolf.原为名词“狼”。
②He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.他坚持不睡觉来护理这个女孩。
nurse.原为名词“护士”。
3. 形容词转化为动词。
①He had blacked his face with soot.他已经用煤灰把脸抹黑了。
black 原为形容1 / 16词“黑色的”。
②My father is emptying a box of rubbish into a rubbish-cart.我爸爸正将垃圾倒入垃圾车。
empty原为形容词“空的”。
4. 形容词转化为名词。
即用性质来指代这种性质的事物。
例如：①My mother likes red.我妈妈喜欢红色（的）。
red原为形容词“红色的”。
②The Chinese are working-hard and brave people.人勤劳而勇敢。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2021年高考英语语法复习构词法考点一前缀1.表示否定意义的前缀2.表示其他意义的常见前缀考点二后缀1.形容词后缀2.名词后缀(1)表示“人”的名词后缀(2)表示其他意义的常见名词后缀3.动词、副词后缀语法训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.He expressed his hope that the cooperation will help to raise the awareness about environmental (protect).2.That’s just one definition of the (express) “to get under someone’s skin.”3.At home he gave a dinner party to show the (invent) to his friends.4.As is known to all,a positive parent-child relationship is beneficial to the physical and mental (grow) of children,but keeping a healthy parent-child bond needs the efforts of both parties.5.Scientists have made great (contribute) to finding out how long the earth has been warming,at what rate it is warming,and what factors are causing it.6.It has been depicted in a (various) of media,such as literature,film,and science reports.7.Once the brush movement hesitates,a black mark is created,so speed, (strong) and agility (敏捷) is the essence of fine artwork.8.Secondly,the advocating for such a practice will mislead people in the (judge) of beauty.9.Seemingly,women should stay at home for (safe)at that time.10.It is the exact (reflect) of interpersonal relationships in the modern world.11.They all smiled and went inside the home,since they knew that a best companion would always get you out of (difficult).12.One of Mary’s prize (possess) was a little white lamb which her husband had given her.She kept it tied to a tree in a field.13.This naturally occurring phenomenon,which is called greenhouse warming,keeps the earth’s surface (warm) than it would be.14.Looking around she said very (patient),“Disgusting indeed!What if I fall into the dirty water?”15.It was (consider) of the lady to give the boy some food and clothes. 答案及剖析:1.protection 考查名词。
句意:他希望这次合作将有助于提高人们对环境保护的意识。
此处environmental是形容词,修饰名词,故答案为protection。
2.expression 考查名词。
根据语意和the可知,此处需要express的名词形式expression。
3.invention 考查名词。
句意:在家里,他举办了一个晚宴,向他的朋友们展示这项发明。
结合句意可知此处用名词形式,故答案为invention。
4.growth 考查词性转换——动词转化为名词。
此处所填单词作介词to的宾语,因此应该用名词,指孩子的身心成长和发展。
5.contributions 考查名词。
make great contributions to (doing) sth.意为“为……作出巨大贡献”。
6.variety 考查名词。
此处是a variety of固定词组,表示“一系列的”。
7.strength 此处考查词性转换。
根据句意,此处应填该词的名词形式。
故填strength。
8.judgement 考查名词。
第二,倡导这样的做法会在判断美的方面误导人们。
在定冠词the 的后面通常要加名词,本句中要用名词形式作介词in的宾语,所以要填judgement。
9.safety 考查名词。
for是介词,后面填写名词,为了安全,故填safety。
10.reflection 考查reflect的名词。
此处所填单词作句子表语,所以用名词。
11.difficulty/difficulties 根据语意可知,此处out of difficulty/difficulties表示“摆脱困境”。
12.possessions 考查名词。
句意:Mary最珍贵的财产之一就是丈夫送给她的一只白色小羔羊。
one of后加可数名词复数,表示“……中之一”。
故填possessions。
13.warmer 考查形容词比较级。
由设空处后的than可知,此处应用比较级,故填warmer。
14.impatiently 考查副词。
结合下文和句意可知,此处指她很不耐烦地说,用副词形式,故填impatiently。
15.considerate 句意:那个女士很贴心,给那个男孩送了一些食物和衣服。
此处所填单词作表语,因此用形容词形式。
considerate考虑周到的。
Ⅱ.语篇语法填空The Chinese Lion Dance is often confused 1. the Chinese Dragon Dance.They are both an important part of 2. (tradition) Chinese festivities,especially Chinese New Year,and both are thought 3. (bring) good luck and scare away evil spirits.The main 4. (different) between the two is that the Dragon Dance 5.(perform) by a team of a dozen or so dancers,while the Lion Dance performance is acted out by only two dancers.The lion dancers need to be 6. (extreme) smart and fit as they perform a number of acrobatic (杂技的) moves.One holds the head and the other the body of the Lion.7. is typical for the Lion Troupes to be part of martial artschools.The Chinese Lion Dance performances during the New Year 8. (celebrate) start on New Year’s Day and continue through the end of the festivities.As the parading Lions run along the streets,people along the way will “feed” red packets with money inside to the Lion by 9. (put) the red envelopes through its mouth.The Lion Dance ends with a scroll (卷轴) containing messages of good luck 10. unfolds from the Lion’s mouth and a burst of firecrackers to scare away evil beings!语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。
文章说明了中国舞狮与舞龙的不同之处。
答案及剖析:1.with 考查介词。
be confused with 意为“与……混淆”,固定搭配。
2.traditional 考查名词变形容词的构词法。
设空处作定语修饰名词festivities,故填形容词traditional (传统的)。
3.to bring 考查动词不定式。
be thought to do sth.意为“被认为要做某事”。
4.difference 考查名词。
设空处由main修饰且作主语,又由系动词is可知,在此应用单数可数名词,故填difference (区别)。
5.is performed 考查动词的时态和语态。
由while the Lion Dance performance is acted out by only two dancers可知,在此应用一般现在时表示客观事实,且the Dragon Dance与perform之间是动宾关系,故填is performed。
6.extremely 考查副词。
设空处修饰形容词smart and fit,故填副词extremely(非常)。
7.It 考查it的用法。
设空处作形式主语,真正的主语是to be part of martial art schools,故填It。
8.celebrations 考查动词变名词的构词法。
celebration在此作“庆祝仪式”讲,是可数名词且表泛指,故填celebrations。