新概念英语第四册句子精选：Lesson44
新概念英语第四册(中英对译)
$课文1 发现化石人1. We can read of things that happened 5，000 years ago in the Near East， where people first learned to write。
我们从书籍中可读到5，000 年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。
2。
But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write。
但直到现在,世界上有些地方,人们还不会书写。
3. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas —- legends handed down from one generation of story tales to another。
他们保存历史的唯一办法是将历史当作传说讲述，由讲述人一代接一代地将史实描述为传奇故事口传下来.4。
These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago,这些传说是有用的，因为他们告诉我们很久以前生活在这里的移民的一些事情.5. but none could write down what they did。
但是没有人能写下来。
6. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from。
人类学家过去不清楚如今生活在太平洋诸岛上的波利尼西亚人的祖先来自何方,7. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2，000 years ago。
新概念英语44-48
Lesson 44 Through the forest 穿过森林First listen and then answer the question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
How did Mrs. Sterling get her bag back?Mrs. Anne Sterling did not think of the risk she was taking when she ran through a forest after two men. They had rushed up to her while she was having a picnic at the edge of a forest with her children and tried to steal her handbag. In the struggle, the strap broke and, with the bag in their possession, both men started running through the trees. Mrs. Sterling got so angry that she ran after them. She was soon out of breath, but she continued to run. When she caught up with them, she saw that they had sat down and were going through the contents of the bag, so she ran straight at them. The men got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away. ‘The strap needs mending,’said Mrs. Sterling later, ‘but they did not steal anything.’New words and expressions 生词和短语forest (title) ['fɒrist] n. 森林risk (1.1) [rɪsk] n. 危险，冒险picnic (1.3) ['pɪknɪk] n. 野餐edge (1.3) [edʒ] n. 边缘strap (1.4) [stræp] n. 带，皮带possession (1.5) [pə'zeʃən] n. 所有breath (1.7) [breθ] n. 呼吸contents (1.9) ['kɒntents] n.（常用复数）内有的物品mend (1.10) [mend] v. 修理Notes on the text 课文注释1 the risk she was taking, 她所冒的风险，take the risk 有“冒……风险”的意思2 when she ran through a forest after two men, 当她穿过森林追赶两个男人时。
(英音版)新概念英语第四册Lesson 44 Patterns of culture
（英音版）新概念英语第四册Lesson 44 Patternsof cultureLesson 44Patterns of culture文化的模式First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What influences us from the moment of birth?Custom has not commonly been regarded as a subject of great moment. The inner workings of our won brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behaviour at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behaviour more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how aberrant. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to hisparticular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behaviour of the individual, as against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the vernacular of his family. When one seriously studies the social orders that have had the opportunity to develop autonomously, the figure becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth, the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behaviour. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities. Every child that is born into his group will share them with him, and no child born into one on the opposite side of the globe can ever achieve the thousandth part. There is no social problem it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom. Until we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties, the main complicating facts of human life must remain unintelligible.The study of custom can be profitable only after certain preliminary propositions have been accepted, and some of these propositions have been violently opposed. In the first place, any scientific study requires that there be no preferential weighting of one or another of the items in the series it selects for its consideration. In all the less controversial fields, like the study of cacti or termites or the mature of nebulae, the necessary method of study is togroup the relevant material and to take note of all possible variant forms and conditions. In this way, we have learnedall that we know of the laws of astronomy, or of the habitsof the social insects, let us say. It is only in the relevant material and to take note of all possible variant forms and conditions. In this way, we have learned all that we know of the laws of astronomy, or of the habits of the social insects, let us say. It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted the study of one local variation, that of Western civilization.Anthropology was by definition impossible, as long asthese distinctions between ourselves and the primitive, ourselves and the barbarian, ourselves and the pagan, held sway over people's minds. It was necessary first to arrive at that degree of sophistication where we no longer set our own belief against our neighbour's superstition. It was necessary to recognize that these institutions which are based on the same premises, let us say the supernatural, must beconsidered together, our own among the rest.RUTH BENEDICT Patterns of CultureNew words and expressions 生词和短语commonplaceadj. 平凡的aberrantadj. 脱离常轨的，异常的trivial。
新概念英语四册课堂笔记Lesson44：TheBackwardSociety
新概念英语四册课堂笔记Lesson44：TheBackwardSociety新概念英语四册课堂笔记 Lesson44：The BackwardSociety新概念英语Lesson 44 The Backward Society落后的社会If a nation is essentially disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together.This increases the expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be used for developing the country, And it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and backward country.Where the cost of government is high, resources for development are correspondingly low.This may be illustrated by comparing the position of a nation with that of a private Business enterprise.An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in Business.For our purposes, we are concerned only with one kind of cost--the cost of managing and administering the business.Such administrative overhead in a Business is analogousto the cost of government in a nation.The administrative overhead of a Business is low to the extent that everyone working in the Business can, be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm.If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities, and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overhead will be low.It will be low because it will be necessary to have only one man looking after each job, without having another man to checkupon what he is doing, keep him in line, and report on him to someone else.But if no one can be trusted to act in a loyal and responsible manner towards his job, then the Business will require armies of administrators, checkers, and foremen, and administrative overhead will rise correspondingly.As administrative overhead rises, so the earnings of the Business, after meeting the expense of administration, will fall; and the Business will have less money to distribute as dividends or invest directly in its future progress and development.It is precisely the same with a nation.To the extent that the people can be relied upon tobehave in a loyal and responsible manner, the government does not require armies of police and civil servants to keep them in order.But if a nation is disunited, the government cannot besure that the actions of the people will be in the interestsof the nation; and it will have to watch, check, and control the people accordingly.A disunited nation therefore has to incur unduly highcosts of government.。
海涛讲新概念英语四册44课文
海涛讲新概念英语四册44课文新概念英语四册44课文：海涛讲Lesson 44: Gulliver's TravelIn this lesson, we will study an exciting adventure from Jonathan Swift's famous work "Gulliver's Travels." The story takes us on a journey with Lemuel Gulliver, a sailor who encounters bizarre civilizations and experiences unimaginable situations.The story begins with Gulliver embarking on a sea voyage, unaware of the extraordinary adventures awaiting him. As Gulliver's ship encounters a violent storm, he is thrown overboard and ends up stranded on an unknown island. This island turns out to be inhabited by miniature people called Lilliputians, who are only about six inches tall.Gulliver, a giant among the Lilliputians, awakens to find himself tied down by countless tiny ropes from the Lilliputians. He is treated as a prisoner, but his immense size and strength give him the advantage. Eventually, Gulliver gains the trust of the Lilliputians and helps them in their conflicts with the neighboring island, Blefuscu.One of the most memorable scenes in the story is Gulliver extinguishing a fire in Lilliput by urinating on it. This act demonstrates Gulliver's ability to exert control over the Lilliputians and further solidifies his role as a larger-than-life character in this miniature world.After his successful contribution to the Lilliputians, Gulliver sets sail again, only to face more extraordinary encounters. In his subsequent journey,he encounters giants, a floating island, and an intelligent race of horses called the Houyhnhnms. Through these encounters, Swift uses satire to shed light on various aspects of society, human behavior, and governmental systems.Swift's "Gulliver's Travels" is a masterpiece that showcases his sharp wit and critical commentary on society. By presenting imaginary worlds and outlandish characters, Swift challenges readers to examine the flaws and absurdities of their own world.Throughout the story, Gulliver is portrayed as an outsider, providing readers with a unique perspective on the societies he encounters. This perspective serves as a commentary on cultural relativism and the impact of one's background on their perception of others.In conclusion, "Gulliver's Travels" by Jonathan Swift is an imaginative and thought-provoking work that offers readers a window into a world of adventure, satire, and social commentary. The character of Gulliver serves as a vehicle for examining societal norms and human behavior, all while entertaining readers with thrilling and fantastical tales. As we delve into this famous work, we can appreciate the enduring relevance and brilliance of Swift's literary genius.。
新概念英语第四册惯用语整理Lesson43~45
【导语】新概念英语之所以经久不衰是因为以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课⽂内容和全⾯的技能训练，为英语学习者排忧解难，深受⼴⼤英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。
想要学好英语的你，怎能错过？快来加⼊学习吧！为您提供了以下内容，希望能够为⼤家学习新概念英语提供帮助!新概念英语第四册惯⽤语整理Lesson43 1.behind adv.在…后⾯ prep.在…的后⾯ n. 臀部 be behind in 在…落后 例句：I'm way behind in my writing, I've got to get started. 我写信已经拖了很久了，我得开始写信了。
A:Hey, Larry. Wanna meet a few of us for coffee in a little while? A:嘿，拉⾥!⼀会⼉我们⼏个⼀起去喝点⼉咖啡吗? B:Hmm. I would if I weren't so far behind in this reading I'm doing for history. B:嗯。
如果我历史课的阅读任务不差这么多的话，我就会跟你们⼀块⼉去的。
fall behind 落后;不能按期⽀付(be left behind, move back behind; fail to maintain a schedule) 例句：The country has fallen behind its competitors in the manufacture of computers 这个国家在计算机制造⽅⾯已经落后于其竞争者了。
A:Joe's car was repossessed by the finance company. A:乔的汽车被⾦融公司收回了。
B:Yes, He's fallen behind in the payments. B:是的，他没能按期付款。
新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】
新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】【导语】新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练，深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。
为了方便同学们的学习，大为大家了最全面的新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记，希望为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!First listen and then answer the following question.What false impression does an ocean wave convey to the observer?Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves -- an ancient, exquisite, powerful message.These ocean waves are among the earth"s most plicated natural phenomena. The basic features include a crest (the highest point of the wave), a trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest), a wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests), and a period (which is the time it takes a wave crest to travel one wave length).Although an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction, in actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was. If the water was moving with the wave, the ocean and everything on it would beracing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results.An ocean wave passing through deep water causes a particle on the surface to move in a roughly circular orbit, drawing the particle first towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave, then forward with it and then -- as the wave leaves the particles behind -- back to its starting point again.From both maturity to death, a wave is subject to the same laws as any other "living" thing. For a time it assumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life.The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes: wind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. Once waves have been generated, gravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.from World Magazine (BBC Enterprises)signature n. 签名，标记infinity n. 无穷ray n. 光线energize v. 给与...能量rhythm n. 节奏transmit v. 传送exquisite adj. 高雅的phenomena n. 现象crest n. 浪峰trough n. 波谷vertical adj. 垂直的horizontal adj. 水平的actuality n. 现实catastrophic adj. 大灾难的 particle n. 微粒maturity n. 成熟undulate v. 波动，形成波浪 tremor n. 震颤gravitational adj. 地心吸力的1.transmit vt.①传达例句：Gypsies frequently transmit recipes orally within the family.吉普赛人经常以口头形式把秘方世代相传。
(完整版)新概念英语第四册(中英对译)
＄课文1 发现化石人1. We can read of things that happened 5，000 years ago in the Near East， where people first learned to write。
我们从书籍中可读到5，000 年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字.2。
But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write。
但直到现在，世界上有些地方，人们还不会书写。
3。
The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of story tales to another。
他们保存历史的唯一办法是将历史当作传说讲述，由讲述人一代接一代地将史实描述为传奇故事口传下来。
4。
These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago，这些传说是有用的，因为他们告诉我们很久以前生活在这里的移民的一些事情。
5。
but none could write down what they did。
但是没有人能写下来。
6. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from.人类学家过去不清楚如今生活在太平洋诸岛上的波利尼西亚人的祖先来自何方，7。
The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2，000 years ago。
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新概念英语第四册句子精选：Lesson44
新概念英语第四册精彩句子课文44：文化的模式
864. Custom has not commonly been regarded as a subject of great moment.
风俗一般未被认为是什么重要的课题。
865. The inner workings of our won brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation,
我们觉得，只有我们大脑内部的活动情况才值得研究，
866. but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behaviour at its most commonplace.
至于风俗呢，仅仅些司空见惯的行为而已。
867. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around.
事实上，情况正好相反。
868. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behaviour more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how aberrant.
从世界范围来看，传统风俗是由很多细节性的习惯行为组成，它比任何一个养成的行为都更加引人注目，不管个人行为多么异常。
869. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter.
这仅仅问题的一个次要的侧面。
870. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.
最重要的是，风俗在实践中和信仰上所起的举足轻重的作用，以及它所表现出来的极其丰富多采的形式。
871. No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes.
没有一个人是用纯洁而无偏见的眼光看待世界。
872. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking.
人们所看到的是一个受特定风俗习惯、制度和思想方式剪辑过的世界。
873. Even in his philosophical probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes;
甚至在哲学领域的探索中，人们也无法超越这此定型的框框。
874. his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs.
人们关于真与伪的概念依然和特定的传统风俗相关。
875. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behaviour of the individual, as against any way in which he can affect traditional custom,
约翰.杜威以前非常严肃地指出：风俗在形成个人行为方面所起的作用和一个对风俗的任何影响相比，
876. is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue against those words of his own baby talk that
are taken up into the vernacular of his family.
就好像他本国语言的总词汇量和自己咿呀学语时他家庭所接纳的
他的词汇量之比。
877. When one seriously studies the social orders that have had the opportunity to develop autonomously, the figure becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation.
当一个人认真地研究自发形成的社会秩序时，杜威的比喻就是他
实事求是观察得来的形象化的说法。
878. The life history handed down in his community.
个人的生活史首先是适合他的社团世代相传形成的生活方式和准则。
879. From the moment of his birth, the customs into
which he is born shape his experience and behaviour.
从他呱呱坠地的时刻起，他所生于其中的风俗就开始塑造他的经
历和行为规范。
880. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature
of his culture,
到会说话时，他就是传统文化塑造的一个小孩子;
881. and by the time he is grown and able to take part
in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.
等他长大了，能做各种事了，他的社团的习惯就是他的习惯，他
的社团的信仰就是他的信仰，他的社团不能做的事就是他不能做的事。