积累与应用Microsoft Office Word 文档 (2)
讲解2012 2013Microsoft Office Word 文档 (2)
泰安市二〇一二年初中学生学业考试一、（16分，每小题2分）1.下列加点字的注音完全正确的一项是（ B ）A.痴．（chī)想扒．（bá)窃 pa 气冲斗．（dǒu)牛义愤填膺．（yīng)B.磐．（pán）石亢．（kàng)奋颔．（hàn)首低眉期期艾艾．（ài )C.寒噤．（jìn) 藩．篱（[fān）戛．（gá)jia 然而止龙吟凤哕．（huì）D.襁．（qiǎng)褓拮．据（jié) 鳞次栉．（jié）比 zhi 怏怏．（yàng)不乐2.下列词语中有错别字的一项是（ C ）A.啜泣喑哑齐心协力迥乎不同B.撺掇崔巍歇斯底里销声匿迹C.悲怆睥睨粗制烂渣味同嚼腊蜡D.禁锢帷幕吹毛求疵通宵达旦3.下列句子中加点的词语解释错误的一项是（ B ）A.自是指物作诗立就．（完成），其文理皆有可观者。
（王安石《伤仲永》）B.人恒过然后能改，困于心衡．（平衡）于虑而后作，征于色发于声而后喻（《孟子·告子下》）《堵塞》人经常犯错误，然后才能改正；内心困苦，一个国家思虑阻塞，然后才能有所作为；这一切表现到脸色上，抒发到言语中，然后才被人了解。
一个国家在国内如果没有坚持法度的世臣和辅佐君主的贤士，在国外如果没有敌对国家和外患，便经常导致灭亡。
【衡】与“横”通假，梗塞、不顺利。
C.此则岳阳楼之大观．．（雄伟景象）也，前人之述备矣。
（范仲淹《岳阳楼记》D.公输班之攻械尽，子墨子之守圉．（抵挡）有余。
（《墨子·公输》）4.对下面复句关系的判断正确的一项是（ C ）我很想详细地知道这故事，但阿长是不知道的，因为她毕竟不渊博。
A.一重复句，转折关系。
B.一重复句，因果关系。
C.二重复句，第一重是转折关系，第二重是因果关系D.二重复句，第一重是因果关系，第二重也是因果关系5.下列诗文默写与原文一致的是（）A沉重侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春，（刘禹锡《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》）B.老夫聊发少年狂，右擎苍，左牵黄，锦帽貂裘，千骑卷平冈。
office的介绍与应用
四、边框和底纹(注意先选定)
• • • • “格式”菜单——边框和底纹 边框：设置、线型、颜色、宽度。 页面边框：“艺术型” 底纹：填充色、图案（式样和颜色）
五、文本对齐方式
• 使用“格式”工具栏
六、查找和替换
• (适用于成批修改错误对象) • 在“编辑”——“查找”“替换”选项，对话框中 完成填写内容，单击“全部替换”按钮。(注意: 查找的内容必须是文档中有的.并且格式是一样的 才行.) • 作业：将已录入的文本内容进行修饰。（1）标 题：居中，宋体，小二号，粗体，深蓝色，。 （2）正文：隶书，三号，桔红色。第一行文本 内容添加下划线。（3）波浪型页面边框
十三、另存为
• 文件——另存为（可以以多个副本的方式 存放在不同的位置）
• 输入：个人简历（至少200字）
编辑文本及字体格式
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 一、文件的打开 文件——打开 常用工具栏上的打开按钮 3、Ctrl+O 二、文本选定（切记：在编辑文件时，进行操作之前必须确定明确的目标！） 1、基本的方法——鼠标拖动选择 2、选定栏（位于文档左侧，第一个字与左边框之间的空白区域）当指针变 成朝右箭头时 单击：选定一行 双击：选定一段 三击：选定整篇文章 Ctrl+A —— 全选 ＳＨＩＦＴ键 ：把闪动光标移到要选定的文本的最前方，再摁住ＳＨＩＦＴ 键，然后再把闪动光标点到文本的最后方 ＡＬＴ键——选定矩形区域 文本的修改： backspace：删除光标前面的一个字符。 Delete：删除光标后面的一个字符
二、创建快捷方式
• 1、在程序上点击右键，发送到桌面快捷方 式；
三、界面认识:
• 标题栏、菜单栏、工具栏、标尺、编辑区、 状态栏、滚动条 • 用即点即输命令：工具菜单\选项\编辑 • 段落标记：视图——显示段落标记 • 空格符：工具——选项——视图 • 网格线：视图——网格线
3对比Microsoft Office Word 文档 (2)
accident, incident, event, occurrence, happening的区别这些名词均有“事故、事件”之意。
1. accident 强调偶然或意外发生的不幸事情。
如：He has had a bad accident. 他出了严重事故。
Car accidents are far too common. 汽车事故是太常见了。
Philip will give him details of the accident. 菲利普将给他谈这次事故的详细情况。
The accident took place only a block from, his house. 事故发生的地点离他家只有一个路段。
After the accident, the injured were taken to hospital. 事故发生之后受伤的人被送往医院急救。
2. incident 既可指小事件或附带事件，又可指政治上具有影响的事件或事变。
如：Please accept my apologies for this unfortunate incident. 发生了这件不幸的事请接受我的道歉。
The incidents affected him for days. 这些事件使他好几天心情不能平静。
The witness gave a truthful account of the incident. 证人真实地描绘了这个事件。
3. event 可指任何大小事件，但尤指历史上的重大事件。
如：The event was fatal to my hopes. 这次事件粉碎了我的希望。
At the beginning of June an event occurred. 六月初发生了一件事。
The event was fatal to my hopes. 这次事件粉碎了我的希望4. occurrence和happening这两个词多指日常生活中发生的一般事件，有时也指偶然发生的事。
2016 Microsoft Office Word 文档 (2)
刘楼一中2016年校本教研计划一、指导思想:我校校本研修工作将以“促进师生共同发展、提高教育教学质量”为中心，以课程实施过程中教学所面对的各种具体问题为研究对象，以教师为研究的主体，以科研为先导，通过校本研修，提高校本研修管理水平和校本研修质量，不断提升学校办学理念和办学水平。
二、总体目标：通过开展校本研修，使教师们领悟教育思想，更新教育观念，树立科学的教育价值观、现代教育观，解决教师在教学中遇到问题或困惑，使教师熟悉课程标准和各学科之间的联系，提升教师驾驭课堂能力，促进教师向专业化方向发展。
三、总体思路：将学习与交流相结合，教研与科研相结合，学习与考核相结合，教育理论与教学实践相结合，点上突破与面上推进相结合，促进教师教育观念与教学行为的转变以及教师课堂教学能力、教研水平和科研能力的提高。
四、主要工作措施:立足提高课堂教学的有效性，建立以“自我反思、同伴互助、专业引领”为核心要素，以“理论学习、集体备课、主题教研、反思交流”等活动为基本形式的校本研修制度。
1、加强管理，抓好常规落实。
围绕提高课堂教学效率，全面落实学校教学常规管理规范，严抓教学常规的管理，做好教学常规的落实和督查，实行周抽查、月检查制，做到教学常规管理精细化、长效化。
2、立足课堂，加强校本研修。
（1）加强对教师的理论知识、专业知识、教学技能和教学基本功培训。
①提高教师的理论素养。
采取集中培训和自主学习相结合的形式。
自主学习：要求教师充分借助网络、教学杂志等课程资源，进行学习。
对重要的内容要做好摘抄，记好自学笔记，并结合自己的教学实践写出读书心得，总结和反思自己教育教学中的实际问题，在读中悟，学中改，不断地积累教学经验，以谋求更大的发展。
要求每月记自学笔记两次，教导处每两月检查一次。
每学期8次读书心得累计字数不少于2000字。
集中培训：安排好每月一次的业务学习，每月一次的专题讲座，每两月一次骨干、青年教师的培训学习。
专题讲座由教学主管领导、市级骨干教师、学校青年骨干教师等人承担。
New Microsoft Office Word 文档 (2)
What to do when a device isn't installed properlyIn this article∙Make sure your computer is connected to the Internet and automatic updating is turned on∙Manually check for drivers using Windows Update∙Install software for the device∙Manually add older hardware that doesn't support Plug and Play∙Run the Hardware and Devices troubleshooterWhen you connect a new device to your computer, Windows automatically tries to install it for you and will notify you if a driver for the device can't be found. There are several things you can try if this happens:Make sure your computer is connected to the Internet and automatic updating is turned onYour computer must be connected to the Internet for Windows to be able to search online for a device driver. To see if your computer is connected to the Internet, open your web browser and try accessing a website. If you're temporarily disconnected, such as when you're traveling with a laptop, wait until you're online again, and then try reinstalling your device.Windows can't check for the latest drivers unless automatic updating is turned on. Most people turn on automatic updating the first time they use Windows, but if you're not sure you did, you should check to make sure it's turned on. Be sure to select the option to include recommended updates, or Windows will install important updates only. Important updates provide significant benefits, such as improved security and reliability, but recommended updates might include drivers for some of your devices. For more information, see Turn automatic updating on or off and Automatically get recommended drivers and updates for your hardware.Manually check for drivers using Windows UpdateIf you didn't have automatic updating turned on, or you weren't connected to the Internet when you connected a new device to your computer, you should check to see if Windows can now find a driver for your device. Even if your computer is always connected to the Internet, you should still check Windows Updates for optional updates if some of your hardware isn't working properly. Optional updates often contain new driver updates. Windows Update does not install optional updates automatically, but it will notify you when it finds some and let you choose whether to install them.To check Windows Update for drivers1.Click to open Windows Update.2.In the left pane, click Check for updates, and then wait while Windows looks for thelatest updates for your computer.3.If there are any available updates, click the link in the box under Windows Update tosee more information about each update. Each type of update might include drivers.4.On the Select the updates you want to install page, look for updates for your hardwaredevices, select the check box for each driver that you want to install, and then clickOK. There might not be any driver updates available.5.On the Windows Update page, click Install updates If you're prompted for anadministrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation..Noteso Windows Update tells you if an update is important, recommended, or optional. For more information, see Understanding Windows automaticupdating.o Some updates require you to restart your computer.o Windows Update will tell you if the updates were successfully installed.Install software for the deviceIf Windows Update can't find a driver for your device, go to the Windows 7 Compatibility Center website, which lists thousands of devices, and has direct links to driver downloads. Also, try checking the manufacturer's website for a driver or other software for the device. If your device came with a disc, that disc might contain software needed to make your device work properly, but first check the manufacturer's website for the latest software and drivers.If you don't find any new software or drivers for your device on the manufacturer's website, try inserting the disc that came with the device, and then follow the instructions for installing the software.Note∙Many drivers come with software that installs the driver for you (often called a self-installing package), but you might have to install some drivers manually as well. For more information, see Update a driver for hardware that isn't working properly.Manually add older hardware that doesn't support Plug and PlayIf you have an older piece of hardware or a device that doesn't support Plug and Play, Windows won't automatically recognize it when you connect the hardware or device to your computer. You can try to manually add it to your computer using the Add Hardware Wizard.Note∙The Add Hardware Wizard is recommended only for advanced users.Follow these steps:1.Click the Start button . In the search box, type run, and then, in the list of results,click Run.2.In the Run dialog box, type hdwwiz, and then click OK.3.Follow the instructions in the wizard, and then click Next.Run the Hardware and Devices troubleshooterIf your computer is having problems with a recently installed device or other hardware, try using the Hardware and Devices troubleshooter to fix the problem. It checks for common issues and makes sure that any new device or hardware attached to your computer was installed correctly.Click to open the Hardware and Devices troubleshooter.If you're prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.NoteTo make sure you have the most up-to-date troubleshooters from the Windows Online Troubleshooting Service, your computer should be connected to the Internet. Formore information, see Troubleshooting in Windows.If your device still doesn't work properly after trying these suggestions, a driver might not be available for your device. In this case, try contacting the device manufacturer.Was this helpful?。
智慧树【17之一】五宝心灵学习交流Microsoft Office Word 文档 (2)
【2】子曰：“吾十五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲不愈矩。
”--- 孔子说：“我十五岁有志于学问；三十岁说话做事都有把握；四十岁掌握了各种知识，不致被迷惑；五十岁时知道了什么是自然规律；六十岁时能够分别真假，判明是非了；到了七十岁，我就可以做自己想做的事，但无论做什么，都不会违背规矩了。
”防非止恶富家国修身如同风吹云养性好像月光现智慧树【17之一】我的心灵五宝学习交流承传五宝心灵种子培育灵性宝宝前言首先让我们共同合掌恭敬三拜至圣先师孔夫子传承了五千年的传统文化,诸子百家，虽经论如海，但核心内容，可借用《大学》中总结的经验来概括，就是：一个【道】字，用为“明明德、亲民、止于至善”三个过程，简称三纲，即纲领，中心思想的要领；认知并应用【道】的五种教育规律仁义礼智信来齐家治国，就叫五常。
初步修学的方法及过程是八目：格物、致知、诚心、正意、修身、齐家、治国、平天下；深层次的七个修学过程是：知道【天地人三合一用的规律在理论方面是止忘念定静心安稳过滤得道既证悟内明真心的用与天地人三合一用的六个规律】“慧”字有孝诚信正慧五种规律的用法。
这就是读书能使你心静和修禅定使心静达到内明的过程及方法。
换一句话来说，就是学一个“道”字有仁义礼智信五种不变认知规律的用，就是一个“慧”字用知、止、定、静、安、滤、得天地人三合一用的七个规律来修学！用四句偈颂来概括这个过程就是：内明得道果：嗡三层莲花五盏灯五个种子因：啊五种善行修身心持戒修定慧为用教育是过程：吽破除五阴性光明这四句话的含义，用图示的方式来表述如下：如上图1所示：中间表身体四肢合于“心”是个觉悟的“悟”字，表“妙觉明心”的用；向上与大脑相通的心之用就是“道”果慧的用；倒过来向下，通过两脚与“地球村”相通就是修种子因的五个修学过程：左脚表孝养父母，右脚表尊师重道,这是人生进入智慧宫殿必须要经过的两扇门！且深入地球村内的根本，就是个“人”字，表撇捺相依为命，必须通过互助补缺，才能共同生存！谁都离不开谁呀！左手“信”表后天用温良恭俭让兴家国；右手“诚”表先天用仁义礼智信育儿。
杨时文化 Microsoft Office Word 97-2003 文档 (2)
杨时文化教案一、杨时生平简介杨时（公元1053-1135），字中立，号龟山，将乐县人，宋代著名理学家、教育家和诗人。
杨时八岁时便能指物赋诗，人称“神童”，十五岁到邵武游学，潜心经史，宋神宗熙宁九年（公元1076）登进士。
1081年，杨时前往河南颍昌，拜程颢为师，甚得器重，程颢逝世后，转师程颐，其间留下了“程门立雪”的千古佳话。
杨时曾任徐州、虔州司法，浏阳、余杭、萧山知县等，多有仁政，官至龙图阁直学士，晚年致仕归乡，以著书讲学为事，著有《杨龟山先生集》四十二卷，1135年卒于正寝，葬于将乐水南乌石山。
杨时“上接濂洛之传，下开罗(从彦)、李(侗)、考亭（朱熹）之绪”，把以周敦颐、程颢、程颐为代表的濂学和洛学，从北方引进到福建和南方诸省，为闽学的崛起奠定了理论基础，对中国文化重心南移以及闽文化的开发立下了筚路蓝缕之功，被后世尊为“程式正宗”、“闽学鼻祖”。
杨时身体力行的敬业、尊师重教的精神，和他对理学重要命题“理一分殊”“格物致知”等的创见，影响深远。
二、程门立雪求学志坚“此日不再得，颓波注扶桑。
跹跹黄小群，毛发忽已苍。
愿言媚学子，共惜此日光……”这首劝学诗，又名《读书含云寺示学者》，是杨时48岁返乡讲学之际所作。
诗中谆谆告诫后学，要甘于清贫，爱惜光阴，勤奋学习，注重道德修养，不追名逐利。
这，正是杨时一生的真实写照。
15岁时，少年杨时离开家乡，赴邵武求学，攻读四书六经，直至18岁方回乡备考。
24岁高中进士，29岁授为徐州司法，但他不求闻达，调官不赴。
时闻洛阳程颐、程颢二位大师在中原传授孔孟之学，深为向往。
于是，杨时不远千里至河南颍昌拜师程颢，潜心研习儒学。
公元1085年，程颢病逝，杨时闻此噩耗，悲痛万分，在卧室门前设灵堂，哭祭老师亡灵，并挥泪疾书祭文和《哀辞》，一一致信异地的同窗好友，告知老师病逝的噩耗。
在《哀辞》中，杨时直陈自身“伏纸摧咽，言不伦次”之状，尊师之情，感人至深。
程颢病逝后，杨时继续从学程颐。
(完整版)Unit2VoiceofCourageMicrosoftWord文档
Unit Two: History and PersonalityText AVoice of CourageBy Jonathan AlterA few days after Franklin Delano Roosevelt was sworn into office, he sat in the White House working on a radio speech about the country's banking crisis, scheduled for delivery on Sunday, March 12, 1933. It was the depths of the Depression, with a quarter of Americans out of work, homeless and destitute. Glancing out the window, FDR saw a workman taking down the inaugural scaffolding on the White House grounds."I decided I'd try to make a speech that this workman could understand," he told Louis Howe, his chief aide.The American economic system was in a state of shock. On Saturday, March 4, a few hours before FDR's swearing-in, the governors of New York, Illinois and Pennsylvania signed orders closing banks in those states. The New York Stock Exchange had suspended trading, and the Chicago Board of Trade bolted its doors for the first time since its founding in 1848. The terrifying "runs" that began the year before on more than 5,000 failing banks had stripped rural areas of capital and now threatened to overwhelm American cities.This was the bottom. If you had your money in a bank that went bust, you were wiped out. With no idea whether banks would reopen, millions of people hid their few remaining assets under their mattresses, where no one could steal them without a fight.Roosevelt's inaugural address at the Capitol had begun to restore hope, with his standout line, "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself." Yet the greatest applause came when he said that if his reform program was not adopted, "I shall ask Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis: broad executive power to wage a war against the emergency."Then FDR used a new medium in a new way to change millions.The first Presidential radio broadcast was introduced by Robert Trout of CBS, who read from a folksy script approved by FDR: "The President wants to come into your home and sit at your fireside for a little fireside chat." FDR brought natural talent to the role. His speaking voice was a beautiful, relaxed tenor, not the contrived basso profundo of pompous politicians.Roosevelt owed much to technological good fortune. In 1921, the number of radios in the United States was in the thousands. By 1928, there were 9 million, and by 1932, 18 million, with about half the households owning at least one radio. Herbert Hoover had appeared on one of the first "telecasts" produced by an infant technology called television, but neither he nor anyone else knew how to use the broadcasting medium effectively.Roosevelt, though, was different.All afternoon, workers busily removed the gold pieces and Presidential china patterns in the Diplomatic Reception Room on the White House ground floor. In came bulky electricalequipment and telephone cables, connected to a desk and built-in microphone. Meanwhile, Roosevelt pictured people "gathered in the parlor, listening with their neighbors," wrote Frances Perkins, who witnessed many broadcasts. "As he talked, his head would nod and his hands would move in natural, relaxed gestures. His face would light up as though he were actually sitting with people."The ritual went this way: Upstairs, FDR would put the finishing touches on every word and phrase. He was obsessed with punctuation. Grace Tully, his secretary, sometimes inserted extra commas when she typed, leading her boss to gently upbraid her for "wasting the taxpayers' commas." His real concern was timing. He read aloud at about 100 words a minute, but he adjusted his pace for effect. At 6 p.m., Roosevelt had his throat sprayed for a sinus problem. Then he enjoyed cocktails and dinner.Moments before the first Fireside Chat was to air, there was a crisis. No one could find his leather-bound reading copy. Panic ensued for everyone except FDR, who calmly picked up a smudged, mimeographed copy. After sipping from a glass of water, he read the words perfectly on the air.The beauty of that first prime-time radio speech was its clarity. FDR walked people through the basics of banking without being patronizing. He outlined the process for deciding which banks to open. "He made everyone understand it, even the bankers," Will Rogers quipped later.In the middle of the speech, Roosevelt said simply, "I can assure you that it is safer to keep your money in a reopened bank than under the mattress." By raising an issue that made so many feel shameful, he lifted the shame—offering listeners a way to strike a patriotic blow by simply depositing money into a solvent bank. Those who planned instead to withdraw money were gently thrown in with an unsavory lot. Hoarding, the President said, "has become an exceedingly unfashionable pastime."Then he returned to themes so popular in his inaugural. "Confidence and courage are the essentials in carrying out our plan. Let us unite in banishing fear. We have provided the machinery to restore our financial system. Together we cannot fail."Jim Farley, a top political advisor, wrote that if judged by its impact, this speech may have been the greatest single utterance by an American President. "No other talk ever called forth such a wave of spontaneous enthusiasm and cooperation." With 60 million people listening, the effect was immediate. The next day, Monday, March 13, newspapers reported long lines of Americans anxious to redeposit their money. The New York Stock Exchange, closed for over a week, opened 15 percent higher, the largest one-day surge in more than half a century. Within a week, most of the recently closed banks reopened.Gerald Ford, about 20 at the time, remembered FDR's Fireside Chats as "big events—we would all stop and listen." Ronald Reagan's biographer, Lou Cannon, has written that Reagan's "metaphors were the offspring of FDR's." And Bill Clinton recalled hearing his grandfather talkabout how he sat in rapt attention, "then went to work the next day feeling a little different about the country."After the first Fireside Chat, FDR relaxed in his office. At 11:30 p.m. he said, "I think it's time for beer." Preparations for a bill to speed the end of Prohibition began that night.Vocabulary1.swear [♦♦☪☜] v. to admit someone to a particular office or position by directing themto take a formal oath 宣誓2.delivery [♎♓●♓❖☜❒♓] n. giving a speech in public 演讲3.destitute [ ♎♏♦♦♓♦◆♦] adj. having no money, no food, no home etc. 困穷的4.inaugural [♓⏹♈◆❒☜●] adj. (of an official speech) first, and marking thebeginning of sth. important 就职的, 开始的5.scaffolding [ ♦✌♐☜●♎✋☠] n. a set of poles and boards built into a structure forworkers to stand on outside of a building 脚手架6.aide [♏♓♎] n. sb. helping a person with an important job, esp. a politician <美>助手, 副官7.swearing-in [♦♦☪☜✋☠✋⏹] n. making a promise to do a job correctly宣誓就职8.suspend [♦☜♦☐♏⏹♎] v. to officially stop something from continuing, esp. for a shorttime暂停9.bolt [♌☜◆●♦] v. to lock a door or window by sliding a bolt across上门闩10.overwhelm [ ☜◆❖☜♦♏●❍] v. to surprise someone very much so that they do notknow how to react 使人不知所措11.asset [ ✌♦♏♦] n. the property of a person, company, etc., esp. of value 资产12.mattress [ ❍✌♦❒♓♦] n. the soft part of a bed to lie on床垫13.Capitol [ ✌☐♓♦☜●] n. the building in Washington D.C. where the US Congressmeets国会大厦14.restore [❒♓♦♦] v. to make something return to its former state or condition恢复15.standout [♊♦♦✌⏹♎♋☺♦] adj. a person or sth. in a group much better than all the rest出色的, 杰出的16.Congress [ ☠♈❒♏♦] n. the group of people elected to make laws in the US,consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives (美国等国的)国会, 议会17.executive [♓♈♏◆♦♓❖] adj. relating to the job of managing a business ororganization and making decisions行政的18.wage [♦♏♓♎✞] v. to begin and continue a war, a battle, etc. 发动19.folksy [ ♐☜◆♦♓] adj. (infml.) esp. AmE friendly and informal 和气的, 无拘束的20.script [♦❒♓☐♦] n. the written form of a speech, play, film etc.手稿, 原本21.tenor [ ♦♏⏹☜] n. a high male singing voice 男高音22.contrived [ ☜⏹♦❒♋✋❖♎] adj. seeming false and not natural人为的, 做作的23.basso profundo n. (pl. basso profundos) a deep bass sing voice 低音24.pompous [ ☐❍☐☜♦] adj. feeling oneself better than others浮夸的25.telecast [ ♦♏●♓♦♦] n. sth. broadcast on television电视广播26.bulky [ ♌✈●♓] adj. bigger and difficult to carry or store体积大的27.parlor [ ☐●☜] n. (old-fashion) a room in pubic buildings to receive guests会客室28.obsess [☜♌♦♏♦] v. to be talking or worrying about sth. all the time 着迷29.punctuation [☐✈☠♦☺♏✋☞☎☜✆⏹] n. the marks to divide writing intosentences, phrases, etc.标点, 标点符号30.upbraid [✈☐♌❒♏♓♎] v. (fml.) to blame sb. having done sth. wrong责备31.timing [ ♦♋♓❍♓☠] n. speed调速32.spray [♦☐❒♏♓] v. to force liquid out of a container in a stream of very small drops喷射33.sinus [ ♦♋♓⏹☜♦] n. the spaces in the bones of one’s head connected to the inside ofone’s nose窦34.air [☪☜] v. to broadcast a program on television or radio （用无线电，电视）播送35.panic [ ☐✌⏹♓] n. a sudden strong feeling of fear or nervousness making sb. unableto think clearly 惊慌, 恐慌36.ensue [♓⏹♦◆] vi. to happen after or as a result of something跟着发生37.smudge [♦❍✈♎✞] v. to make a dirty mark on a surface弄脏38.mimeograph [ ❍♓❍♓☜♈❒♐] n. a copy made by using a duplicator油印品39.prime-time n. the time in the evening with the largest number of people watchingtelevision黄金时段40.patronizing [ ☐✌♦❒☜⏹♋♓♓☠] adj. showing oneself better, or more intelligent高人一等的41.quip [ ♦♓☐] v. to say something clever and amusing 嘲弄42.assure [☜☞◆☜] v. to tell positively or confidently向…保证43.solvent [ ♦●❖☜⏹♦] adj. having enough money to pay your debts有偿付能力的44.unsavory [✈⏹♦♏✋❖☜❒✋] adj. disgusting令人讨厌的45.lot n. a group or set of people or things 一批，一类人或物46.hoarding [ ♒♎♓☠] n. store贮藏47.pastime [ ☐♦♦♋♓❍] n. something enjoyable or interesting消遣, 娱乐48.theme [ ♓❍] n. the main subject or idea in writing, speech, film, etc. (谈话, 写作等的) 主题49.banish [ ♌✌⏹♓☞] v. to try to stop thinking about something or someone消除50.utterance [ ✈♦☜❒☜⏹♦] n. (fml.) something a person says说话51.spontaneous [♦☐⏹♦♏♓⏹☜♦ ⏹♓☜♦] adj. not planned or organized, buthappening by itself 自发的, 自然产生的52.surge [♦☜♎✞] n. a sudden increase in amount or number剧增53.rapt [❒✌☐♦] adj. attentive全神贯注的Phrases and expressions1.work on: to try hard to improve or achieve something 从事于；致力于2.take down: to separate sth. into pieces拆卸3.go bust: to go bankrupt [俚]破产;完蛋4.wiped out: [not before noun] (infml.) extremely tired 精疲力竭的5.the finishing touch: the last detail 最后一笔6.walk sb. through sth.: to help sb. learn or become familiar with sth.帮助某人了解某事7.strike a blow for sb./sth.: to help achieve an aim 帮助某人获得成功8.call forth: to produce a particular reaction 使起作用Notes1.Jonathan Alter: Jonathan Alter (1957-) is a columnist and senior editor for Newsweekmagazine, where he has worked since 1983. For nearly two decades, he has written a widely acclaimed column that examines politics, media, and social and global issues. For more than a decade, he has worked as a contributing correspondent to NBC News.2.Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Franklin D. Roosevelt(1882-1945), the thirty-second Presidentof the United States (1933-1945). Assuming the Presidency at the depth of the GreatDepression, Franklin D. Roosevelt helped the American people regain faith in themselves. He brought hope as he promised prompt, vigorous action, and asserted in his Inaugural Address, "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself."3.The Depression: The “Great Depression” (1929-1939) was a period in United StatesHistory when business was poor. Banks, stores, and factories were closed and left millions of Americans jobless, homeless, and penniless. Many people came to depend on the government or charity to provide them with food. The Depression became a worldwide business slump of the 1930's that affected almost all nations. 大萧条4.The New York Stock Exchange: The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), nicknamed the"Big Board," is a New York City-based stock exchange. It is the largest stock exchange in the world. 纽约证券交易所5.The Chicago Board of Trade: An important market in Chicago, US, in which futurecontracts for the delivery of commodities are bought and sold. 芝加哥交易所6.Robert Trout: (1909-2000) an American broadcast news reporter, best known for his radiowork before and during World War II. He anchored CBS News coverage of World War II and coined the phrase "fireside chat" to describe President Franklin D. Roosevelt's radio addresses to the nation.7.CBS: Columbia Broadcasting System哥伦比亚广播公司8.Herbert Hoover: (1874-1964) a US politician in the Republican Party and President of theUS from 1929 to 19339.Frances Perkins: (1882-1965) secretary of labor for the 12 years of Franklin D. Roosevelt'spresidency and the first woman to hold a Cabinet post10.Will Rogers: (1879-1935), first an Indian, a cowboy, then a national figure11.Jim Farley: (1888-1973) appointed by FDR postmaster general and party chairman in 1933and later one of FDR's closest political advisors12.Gerald Ford: (1913-2006) Thirty-eighth President (1974-1977)13.Ronald Reagan: (1911-2004) the fortieth President of the United States (1981-1989)14.Lou Cannon: (1933-) an American non-fiction author and biographer. He covered Reaganfor over twenty-five years and the author of "President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime"15.Bill Clinton (1946-): the forty-second President of the United States (1993-2001)16.Prohibition: the period from 1919 to 1933 in the US when the production and sale ofalcoholic drinks was illegal禁止, 阻止, <美>禁酒令ExercisesI. Questions for discussion1.Why does the author say that the American economic system was in a state of shock?2.What is the most encouraging line in FDR’s speech?3.Why does the author say that Roosevelt owed much to technological good fortune?4.How did FDR’s speech affect people and why?5.How do you understand the title and does the word “courage” in the title only refers to thecourage shown by FDR?II. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. Change the form where necessary.1.You'll have to work on your ______, for you’ll face a large audience.2.The unprecedented floods left many people ____ and homeless.3.Sales of the drug will be temporally _____ until more tests are completed.4.I was completely _____ by his generosity to offer me the opportunity to use his luxury carwhen I first met him.5.He was once an immigrant worker but has now a corporation with $2 billion in ______.6.She was hoping that the Mediterranean climate would ____ her to full health and energy.7.The courts were asked to _____ a more flexible approach to young offenders instead of asevere punishment.8.The council has ______ a vigorous campaign against the proposal put forward by the newlyelected president.9.The Smiths have lived in the town for more than 50 years and they have a special love for thetown which has a certain ______ charm.10. A lot of young girls are ________ by their weight and most of them choose to go on a diet.11.The whole nation is in a state of _____ following the unexpected attacks from the world.12.The new governor is busy solving problems that _____ from food and medical shortages.13.When persuaded to give up smoking, he would _____ “Giving up smoking is easy. I've doneit hundreds of times.”14.She is seriously ill for the moment, but her doctor has ______ us that she'll be fine in no time.15.The parents are trying to _____ the unpleasant memory from their son’s mind.III. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the given words.1.The two boys were ________ friends all the week, and embattled enemies on Saturdays.(swear)2. A postman is a man employed to ________ letters and parcels. (delivery)3.Policy and action alike gained immediate and _______ support at home. (overwhelm)4.The ________ of this policy would relieve them of a tremendous burden. (adopt)5.In recent years, many children's welfare institutions have raised funds to have _____operations for disabled children in welfare institutions. (restore)6.Publication of his biography was ______ to coincide with his 70th birthday celebrations.(timing)7.Bertha tried to speak, but her throat was dry, and she could ________ no word. (utterance)8.He consumed a large plateful of the very ________ stew. (unsavory)9.Is it better to spend your money today or ________ every penny in the bank for tomorrow?(hoarding)10.It is a well-known fact that the English have an ________ with their weather and that, givenhalf a chance, they will take about it at length. (obsess)IV. Paraphrase the following sentences from the text.1.The terrifying "runs" that began the year before on more than 5,000 failing banks had strippedrural areas of capital and now threatened to overwhelm American cities.____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2.If you had your money in a bank that went bust, you were wiped out.____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3.Roosevelt owed much to technological good fortune.____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 4.The beauty of that first prime-time radio speech was its clarity.____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________5.By raising an issue that made so many feel shameful, he lifted the shame — offering listenersa way to strike a patriotic blow by simply depositing money into a solvent bank.____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________V. Translate the following sentences into English with the word in the brackets.1.政府决定暂停公务五天。
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中考语言积累与运用试题训练一、积累与运用（19分）(济南市2013年)1．下列词语中加点字的读音完全正确的一项是（）（2分）A．哂笑（shěn）挑衅（xìn）祈祷（qí）鳞次栉比（jiã）B．绯红（fēi）啜泣（chuî）扒窃（bá）苦心孤诣（yì）C．荫（yìn）庇慰藉（jí）惬意（qiâ）忧心忡忡（chōng）D．追溯（sù）璀璨（cuǐ）静谧（mì）义愤填膺（yīng）2．下列词语中没有错别字的一项是（）（2分）A．鲜为人知左右逢源沧海桑田莫衷一是B．锲而不舍不可明状相得益彰心旷神怡C．盛气凌人广袤无垠顾名思义抑扬顿措D．轻飞曼舞妇孺皆知五彩斑谰销声匿迹3．按诗文原句默写。
（共7分，每小题1分）A．蒹葭苍苍，。
所谓伊人，在水一方。
（《诗经·蒹葭》）B．子曰：“其恕乎！，勿施于人。
”（《<论语>十则》）C．，坐看云起时。
（王维《终南别业》）D．，芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。
（崔颢《黄鹤楼》）E．会当凌绝顶，。
（杜甫《望岳》）F．，蜡炬成灰泪始干。
（李商隐《无题》）G．只有那辽远的一角依然完整，温暖，明朗，。
（戴望舒《我用残损的手掌》）4．阅读下面这段文字，按要求作答。
（共4分，每小题2分）每个人都是自然之子，各有天赋和禀性。
爱因斯坦式的天真，法布尔式的单纯，常常令人受到感染，内心荡起涟漪。
做人当如是，抛开得失的计较，率性而为，诚信做事。
那么，这个万花筒般的世界，将处处飘荡着真挚的歌声。
A．请将文段中画“”的句子改成双重否定句。
（不改变句意）原句：这个万花筒般的世界，将处处飘荡着真挚的歌声。
改句：B．仿照文段中画“”部分，在下面横线处续写一个短语，形成排比。
爱因斯坦式的天真，法布尔式的单纯，，常常令人受到感染，内心荡起涟漪。
5．名著阅读。
（共4分，每小题2分）等村巷里最后一个孩子的脚步声也消失了，杜小康才走出红门。
那时，村巷里，只有一巷满满的月光。
他独自从地上捡起一根孩子们遗落的木棍，随便砍了几下，重又扔在地上，然后返回红门里。
这样过了些日子，杜小康终于走出红门，并且在大部分时间里将自已暴露在外面。
他东走西走。
他要让所有油麻地的孩子都能看见他。
他像往常一样，穿着油麻地孩子中最好最干净的衣服，并且不免夸张地表现着他的快乐。
A．上面的文段节选自《》，在小说中，杜小康此前经历了怎样的变故？B．从选段中可以看出杜小康是一个的人。
二、古诗文阅读（16分）阅读下面的古诗文，分别回答问题。
（一）浣溪沙游蕲水清泉寺，寺临兰溪，溪水西流。
山下兰芽短浸溪，松间沙路净无泥，潇潇暮雨子规啼。
谁道人生无再少？门前流水尚能西！休将白发唱黄鸡。
6．下列关于这首词的陈述有误的一项是（）（2分）A．作者苏轼，北宋著名文学家，豪放派词人的主要代表。
B．浣溪沙，词牌名。
这是词人游蕲水清泉寺，触景生情而作。
C．词作上片表现词人面对清新春景的愉悦心情。
D．词作下片由寺前西流溪水，即景取喻，抒发词人自伤衰老之意。
7．描述“山下兰芽短浸溪，松间沙路净无泥”所展现的画面。
（2分）（二）秦王怫然怒，谓唐雎曰：“公亦尝闻天子之怒乎？”唐雎对曰：“臣未尝闻也。
”秦王曰：“天子之怒，伏尸百万，流血千里。
”唐雎曰：“大王尝闻布衣之怒乎？”秦王曰：“布衣之怒，亦免冠徒跣，以头抢地耳。
”唐雎曰：“此庸夫之怒也，非士之怒也。
夫专诸之刺王僚也，彗星袭月；聂政之刺韩傀也，白虹贯日；要离之刺庆忌也，仓鹰击于殿上。
此三子者，皆布衣之士也，怀怒未发，休降于天，与臣而将四矣。
若士必怒，伏尸二人，流血五步，天下缟素，今日是也。
”挺剑而起。
秦王色挠，长跪而谢之曰：“先生坐！何至于此！寡人谕矣：夫韩、魏灭亡，而安陵以五十里之地存者，徒以有先生也。
”（节选自《唐雎不辱使命》） 8．解释下面加点的字。
（2分）①长跪而谢之曰谢：②寡人谕矣谕：9．下面各项中加点字意义相同的一项是（）（2分）A．而．安陵以五十里之地存者学而．时习之B．大王尝闻布衣之怒乎．在乎．山水之间也C．何至于．此贤于．材人远矣D．此庸夫之．怒也吾妻之．美我者10．选文通过写唐雎冒死与秦王抗争，终于使秦王辞穷色挠的故事，运用的写作手法，表现了唐雎的性格特征。
（2分）（三）墨者①有巨子②腹 ③居秦，其子杀人。
秦惠王曰：“先生之年长矣，非有他子也，寡人已令吏弗诛矣。
先生之以此听寡人也。
”腹 对曰：“墨者之法曰：‘杀人者死，伤人者刑。
’此所以禁杀伤人也。
夫禁杀伤人者，天下之大义也。
王虽为之赐，而令吏弗诛，腹 不可不行墨者之法。
”不许惠王，而遂杀之。
子，人之所私也。
忍所私以行大义，巨子可谓公矣。
（节选自《吕氏春秋》）【注释】①墨者：指墨家。
②巨子：墨家学派对墨家有成就的人称“巨子”。
③腹 （tūn）：人名。
11．用“／”给下面的句子划分节奏。
（只画一处）（2分）忍所私以行大义12．用现代汉语翻译下面句子。
（2分）夫禁杀伤人者，天下之大义也。
13．下面是根据课文《公输》及上面的选文拟写的一副对联，请在横线处，分别填写一个能表现墨子和腹 性格的四字短语。
（2分）上联：墨子止楚攻宋，。
下联：腹 杀子守法，。
二.1．填补下列名句的空缺处或按要求填空。
（10分，每空1分）（1）大漠孤烟直，。
（2）人生自古谁无死？。
（3），五十弦翻塞外声，沙场秋点兵。
（4），闻寡人之耳者，受下赏。
（5）《白雪歌送武判官归京》一诗中表现作者送别友人后依依不舍和无限怅惘之情的句子是：，。
（6）2008年5月8日9时17分，熊熊燃烧的奥运圣火登上了世界最高峰——珠穆朗玛峰。
“，”在这圣火俯瞰大地的时刻，13亿中国人的民族自豪感油然而生!（用杜甫《望岳》中的句子回答）（7）中华文化源远流长，在浩如烟诲的古诗词中有许多描写山水的名句，请写出连续的两句：，。
2．选出下列字形和加点字注音全部正确的一项（）（2分）A．炫耀中流底柱卖弄．（lîng）惟妙惟肖．（xiào）B．执拗未雨绸缪拮据．（jū）鲜．为人知（xiǎn）C．凛洌获益匪浅奔丧．（sāng）苦心孤诣．（yì）D．归省锲而不舍娴．熟（xián）怒不可遏．（hâ）3．根据要求改句子。
（2分）（1）在赣鄱大地上，巍巍青山早已成为美丽江西的一道风景。
（缩写句子）缩写为：（2）我国成功地发射并研制了第一颗月球探测器“嫦娥一号”卫星。
（修改病句）修改为：4．下列句子顺序排列正确的一项是（）（2分）①“水立方”采用的ETFE膜，只有一张牛皮纸厚，捧在手上轻若鸿毛。
②此外，它的耐火性、耐热性也非常出色。
③然而这种膜的耐压性非常强，正常状态下，一辆小汽车开过去膜都不会被压破。
④国家游泳中心“水立方”是世界上唯一一个完全由膜结构来进行全封闭的大型公共建筑。
⑤ETFE膜的延展性也很好，它可以被拉伸到自身的三到四倍也不会断裂。
A．①④⑤③②B．①⑤④②③C．④①③⑤②D．④⑤③①②5．2008年5月18日是我国第十八个法定“全国助残日”，这显示了国家对残疾人的关爱。
请按要求完成下列题目。
（6分）（1）在第十八个“全国助残日”来临之际，学校和社区联合开展助残活动，假如你是一个学生志愿者，你打算怎样为身边的残疾人服务?（2分）（2）在汶川大地震中，许多少年儿童不幸成为残疾人和孤儿，他们的身心需要我们的养家和帮助。
作为学校赴灾区慰问团的一员，面对这些同龄人，你将怎么说?（2分）（3）结合“相关链接”，联系实际，谈谈你的感受。
（2分）☆据2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查，我省现有残疾人276．1万人，占全省总人口的39％。
☆近年来，中国残疾人艺术团应邀赴世界各地巡演，他们精妙绝伦的表演，征服了无数观众。
汶川大地震后，他们毅然捐出了100万元人民币用于抗震救灾。
☆"2007年感动中国年度人物”李丽，1岁患小儿麻痹症，40岁时遭遇车祸，下半身完全瘫痪。
在多舛的命运里。
她选择了从事公益事业和青少年心理教育工作，四年多时间里，她的善行使20多万人的心灵受到洗礼。
三.1．加点字读音全都相同．．．．的一项是（）（2分）A．商酌．烧灼．着．迷远见卓．识B．喧．闹渲．染漩．涡头晕目眩．C．蕴．藏酝．酿孕．育润．物无声D．琐屑．亵．渎交卸．一泻．千里2．下列每组词语中都有一个错别字，请用横线标出，并将正确字写在方框内。
（2分）A．毛骨竦然合辙押韵鞠躬尽瘁怡然自得B．抑扬顿挫同舟共济美味佳肴多难兴帮C．众志成城油嘴猾舌慷慨大方张皇失措D．风餐露宿相安无事重峦叠障周而复始)。
四.1.下面加点字的注音，有错误的一项是( )。
A．美味佳肴．(yáo) 寻觅．(mì) 迸．(bèng)溅B．小心翼翼．(yì) 和煦．(xù) 心扉．(fēi)C．棱．(léng)角分明蹒．(mǎn)跚堕．(zhuì)落D．骇．(hài)人听闻孕．(yùn)育凛冽．(liè)2．下面词语中，没有错别字．．．．．的一项是( )。
A．千姿百态花枝招展大庭广众 B.通霄达旦息息相通交头结耳C．粗制烂造相得益彰追不急待 D.古朴美观焦燥不安不记其数3．依次填入下面这段文字横线上的成语，正确．．的一项是( )。
汶川地震，举世同悲；，患难与共，尤显炎黄子孙血浓于水的同胞情。
圆殇之日，重生之时；中国挺住，四川雄起，愈见华夏儿女的民族魂。
A.风雨飘摇百炼成钢 B．风雨飘摇百折不挠C．风雨同舟百炼成钢 D．风雨同舟百折不挠4．下面各句中，没有语病的一项是( )。
A．福州市荣获“全国卫生城市”的原因是全市人民共同努力的结果。
B．近年来，海交会已成为海峡两岸经贸合作和文化交流的重要平台。
C．通过开展赛龙舟、包粽子活动，可以使屈原的爱国精神代代相传。
D．一个人是否拥有健康的体魄，关键在于持之以恒地参加体育锻炼。
5．默写古诗文句子(每条横线上填写一句)。
(12分)(1)海内存知己，。
(2)闻渠那得清如许? 。
(3)人有悲欢离合，，此密古难全。
(4)四面边声连角起，千嶂里，。
(5) ，草色人帘青。
，往来无白丁。
(6)臣本布衣，，苟全性命于乱世，。
五.1．下列各组词语中，加点字的读音完全．．的一项是．．正确A．泯．（mín）灭义愤填膺．（yīn）哺．（bǔ）育相形见绌．（chù）B．别墅．（shù）长吁．（xū）短叹阔绰．（chuî）鳞次栉．（zhì）比C．惬．（xiá）意孜孜．．（zī）不倦剽．（piāo）悍戛．（gā）然而止D．亘．（gãn）古恃．（shì）才放旷地窖．（gào）抑扬顿挫．（cuî）2．下列词语中，没有错别字．．．．．的一项是 A ．庸碌 锋芒毕露 赃物 吹毛求疵B ．杀戳 一泻千里 恣睢 冥思暇想C ．沉湎 苦心孤诣 驻立 顾名思意D ．谰语 获益非浅 急燥 声名狼籍3．依次填入下列句中横线处的词语，最恰当．．．的一项是 ①在苍黄的天底下，远近 着几个萧索的荒村，没有一丝活气。