(完整版)托业阅读题型模拟题10篇(含答案)
托业(阅读)模拟试卷30(题后含答案及解析)
托业（阅读）模拟试卷30(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 完成句子 2. 短文填空 3. 阅读理解完成句子1．Business can be classified according to different ______, such as value, number of employees, ownerships, etc.A．criterionB．criteriaC．criticismD．critiques正确答案：B解析：这句话的意思是说，生意可以按照不同的标准分类，如价值，员工人数，所有权等。
(A) criterion(判断的)标准，是单数形式；(B)criteria是criterion 的复数形式，是不规则的变化；(C)criticism批评、评论；(D)critiques名词的复数形式，是“批评、批评法”的意思。
2．The sole owner, often aided by one or two ______, operates a small shop that frequently caters to a group of regular customers.A．employersB．employeesC．customersD．managers正确答案：B解析：这句话的意思是说，个人企业的所有人，总是雇佣一两个人，开一家小商店来迎合一些固定顾客的需求。
(A)employer雇主；(B)employee雇员；(C)customer顾客；(D)manager管理者。
3．Regardless of the percentage of the business they own, all partners have authority to act and to make______ decisions as owners of the business.A．bindingB．responsibleC．reliableD．dependable正确答案：A解析：这句话的意思是说，不管他们拥有生意的百分比是多少，所有的参与者都有权对他们自己那部分作出附有约束力的决定。
托业考试阅读理解真题及模拟题汇总大全（第二辑）附参考答案及解析
托业考试阅读理解真题及模拟题汇总大全（第二辑）附参考答案及解析托业考试阅读理解真题及模拟题汇总大全（第二辑）附原参考答案及解析（一）The legal dispute between Frecopy and Dwean has yet to reach a conclusion. Talks between each side's legal representatives have been ensuing for about a month now. They were close to a settlement about a week ago but have since slid back from their earlier talks due to new information that has been released by the FDA. The FDA announced the discovery of a subst ance in both companies’ migraine medication mix that exceeds the daily recommended amount by 12%.The major area of dispute is that Frecopy claims that they legally licensed the use of the main substances from Dwean to make the medication for minors; however, they claim they were unaware of the legal dosage required under the FDA regulations since Dwean is the main applicant with the FDA. However, Dwean claims Frecopy was fully aware of the legal dosage in talks prior to the actual licensing agreement signing.Recently, analysts have downgraded both companies in their equity reports and say that the two companies should proceed with caution and do their best to work out a settlement with the FDA and each other quickly and quietly. Any long, dragged out, legal disputes with the FDA and the state prosecutor's office could 'truly hurt both companies long-term profitability.1.What is the report mainly about?(A) The merging of two major medical companies(B) The FDA and its new policy(C) The ensuing legal battle between two firms(D) The licensing process for a new medicine答案：C（报告的主要内容是两家公司之间的法律纠纷）2.According to the report, what has caused the talks to takea step back?(A) The disagreement over the name of their new product(B) The surfacing of new information(C) The lawyers on both sides not liking each other(D) The legality issue of the licensing process答案：B（导致谈判退后一步的原因是新信息浮出水面）3.What did the FDA announce?(A) A new policy regarding the licensing of new medicines(B) A new product for migraine headaches(C) A violation of its standard usage(D) A signing of a new licensing agreement答案：C（FDA宣布违反其标准用量）4. What do the analysts advise the companies to do?(A) Drag out the legal dispute for as long as they can(B) Replace their legal representatives(C) Settle their differences in a subtle manner(D) Reduce the medication mix by 12%答案：C（分析师建议公司做什么？以微妙的方式解决他们的分歧）5. The phrase "dragged out" in Paragraph 3, Line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) prolonged(B) amplified(C) built up(D) agitated答案：A（延长）（二）Mr. Bradley called about the seminar being held at the Roy Thomson Hall this Friday. He said he is looking forward to it very much. He asked me to tell you to make sure to pick him up at 6 o'clock at the North York branch office since he will be spending his day there to attend a meeting. He also wants you to call him at home this evening after 7 o'clock.1. Why did call?(A) To send an invitation to a seminar(B) To remind Terence of a trip to the North York branch office(C) To offer a ride to the sales seminar(D) To request to be picked up at another location答案：D（Mr. Bradley打电话要求在另一个地点接车）2. What will Mr. Bradley do before heading over to the seminar?(A) Pick up Terence(B) Attend a meeting(C) Call the Roy Thompson Hall(D) Hang around the house答案：B（Mr. Bradley去研讨会之前要先开会）（三）Fantasy FitnessAre you tired of waiting in line to use your favorite exercise machine only to find out that it is broken for the day? Or you finally get yourself out to the gym, but there is no one to train with? Well, don't fret because Fantasy Fitness is here. At Fantasy Fitness, all your health care needs are at your fingertips. We have a 200-square feet exercise room with the latest exercise equipment and a 100-squarc-foot swimming pool with multiple private saunas and Jacuzzi rooms, and everyone who signs up with us will be put in a special program tailored. -made by ourlicensed trainer to help you get into the best shape of your life.Read what some of our most satisfied customers have to say: "I always used to skip going to the gym and wasted so much money on those expensive membership fees. But not at Fantasy Fitness, with their readily available personal trainers and customized workout programs.1 never miss a workout!"- Dave from New York"As a mother of four, who would ever think that I would have the time to go to the gym, much less spend any time in the sauna, but at Fantasy Fitness they take care of all my family's needs. They have a fully equipped professional staff of over 10daycare specialists working around the clock as well as 5 different play rooms for children between 5-10 to play in. I used to think I would never exercise again, but not any more.. Fantasy Fitness is a mother's fantasy come true!-. Jane from Los AngelesMy girlfriend used to complain that I work too much and that I've gained a lot of weight over the months. She said that we never get to spend any quality time together, hut ever since I joined Fantasy Fitness, that has changed. Since joining six months ago, 1 have already lost 25 pounds and Ty girlfriend was so impressed she joined as well. Now we spend a lot of time together at Fantasy Fitness. Fantasy Fitness has turned my life from frustration to a true fantasy"- Hoh from TexasCome and try Fantasy Fitness! You'll never regret it!1. Which of the following is NOT a service mentioned in the advertisement?(A) Personal training by a specialist(B) A daycare center for children under 10 years old(C) Saunas for members to relax in(D) Free swimming lessons for regulars答案：D（以下哪一项不是广告中提到的服务---为常客提供的免费游泳课程）2. What can be inferred from the advertisement?(A) Fantasy Fitness has gyms nationwide.(B) The fitness center guarantees weight loss.(C) Children get free memberships,(D) The swimming pool is available 24 hours a day.答案：A（从广告中可以推断出什么：三位顾客居住在不同的城市，可以推断是全国连锁）3. Why is Jane happy with Fantasy Fitness?(A) She can work out with her children.(B) She received many tips about nutrition.(C) She does not have to worry about her kids(D) She has lost a lot of weight答案：C（Jane高兴的原因是她无需顾虑孩子们）（四）Dear Mr. Thompson,Thank you for your e-mail inquiry in regards to our 2011 spring collection catalog of our latest line of fashionable men and ladies' shoes. We will be more than happy to send you a catalog right away. Also, at this time, I would like to let you know that we have just started a collection of men and ladies’ sports wear which you will find in the catalog I will be sending.And as a token of cur good will, we will also include a free sample of our latest men's shoe polish that you can try, If you like it and would like to order some, just check the box at the bottom of the order form included in our delivery.I will have the delivery sent to you today by express courier.You should receive the package in the next three days. If you have any questions in the meantime, please do not hesitate to contact me.Serving all our customer's needs at the click of mouse, /doc/5d12324128.html,.With best regards,Dan FicklesteinCustomer Service Representative1.Why was the e mail written?(A) To respond to a request(B) To place an order for shoes(C) To request a company brochure to be sent(D) To receive some samples of goods答案：A（此邮件是应顾客要求，承诺送出一份鞋类商品目录的回复邮件）2.How did Mr. Thompson get in contact with Mr. Ficklestein?(A) By e-mail(B) By phone(C) By mail(D) By fax答案：A（Mr. Thompson 和Mr. Ficklestein通过电子邮件联系）3.Which of the following will NOT be sent to Mr. Thomson?(A) A catalog(B) A free gift(C) An order form(D) A pair of men's shoes答案：D（以下哪项不会寄给汤姆森先生？男式鞋子）4. What should Mr. Thomson do if he has any questions?(A)E-mail Mr. Ficklestein(B) Log on to the company website(C) Get in touch with a service representative(D) Ask the delivery personnel答案：C（汤姆森先生有任何疑问应该怎么办？写信人Dan Ficklestein 的职务是顾客销售代表）（五）My name is Christian Lind, and I am Fly Entertainment's Senior Marketing Director. A couple of weeks ago I had the privilege of becoming acquainted with you at the American Marketing Association Conference in Atlanta, Georgia. At the time, you expressed great interest in our in-flight entertainment system, but unfortunately I did not have a brochure handy with me. However, you were kind enough to hand me your business card, and here l am writing to you. I have enclosed a catalog with this letter along with some information regarding our state-of-the-art entertainment system used by many of the top airlines and cruise ships throughout the world.At this time, I'd like to point out that since our last meeting, we have made a couple of Improvements to our system from the feedback of our beloved consumers. We have now included a memory portion to the program selection, so you can go back and see which programs you have selected. We have also included a parental control button to screen select programs for the children. And, if you order now, we are willing to promotionally offer 20%off our regular price in order to develop our mutually beneficial relationship.I appreciate the time you have taken to read my letter to you.I hope I hear from you soon and get a chance to meet you again at another AMA event.With best regards,Senior Marketing ManagerFly Entertainment, Inc.Premium Standard SystemQuality and premium selection at the bestOne of the most common complaints from passengers on planes is the inadequate, in-flight entertainment. Generally, movies are played at times selected by the air dine, which best suits the airline staff. And, if any choices are provided, they are-usually restricted to a few audio channels.Now, with the introduction of Fly Entertainment's Premium Standard. System, freedom is just a touch away. With over 100 satellite stations and over 100 radio stations each passenger is about to custom-select their choice of shows at whatever time is most convenient for them. This way, you can keep up with all your favorite movies, shows,' and programs while you are a hundred miles away from home, or you can experience the programs of a different culture and language, All of this can be available at a low cost of $10 per seat.1.What is the main purpose of the letter?(A) To enquire further about a product introduced at the conference(B) To invite Mrs. Velo to the next American Marketing Association Conference(C) To flow up on an earlier discussion with Mrs. Velo.(D) To request a discount on the next purchase答案：C（这封信的主要目的是什么？对Mrs.Velo感兴趣的产品进行说明，并附上宣传册）2. How can Mrs. Velo receive the discount mentioned?(A) By acting now(B) By purchasing in bulk(C) By paying cash(D) By attending the next AMA event答案：A（Mrs Velo如何获得所提及的折扣--现在购买）3.According to the letter, what has taken place since Mr. Lind last spoke with Mrs. Velo?(A) A consumer survey had been conducted by the company.(B) Some new features have been added to the system.(C The price of the system has been slashed 20%.(D) Plenty of brochures have been ordered.答案：B（根据这封信，自Mr.Lind上次与Mrs.Velo交谈以来发生了什么--系统中已添加了一些新功能）4.What is the Premium Standard System?(A) An airline company(B) An entertainment company(C) A product of Fly Entertainment(D) A rule set by the airline industry答案：C（根据原文，Premium Standard System是一种机舱内使用的娱乐设施）5.Which of the following is NOT a feature described of the product?(A) It has many stations to choose from.(B) It catches stations from other nations.(C) It has a parental screen option.(D) It has many children's programs.答案：D（文中没有提及的是有关儿童的项目）（六）Dear Mr. Warner,At the beginning of this month, l signed a contract with your company for an office renovation project. Soon after the crew started work, there were many signs that warned me of bad things to come. I realize now that I should have taken those signsseriously and put a stop to the project to minimize the damage that it has since caused.In summary, the entire project has been a huge catastrophe. Firstly, the crew showed lit professionalism by being late in meeting their starting times on a daily basis and took long breaks during crucial stages, which caused extra work for everyone else. As well, certain areas requiring supervision were left unattended for long periods of time, and considerable garbage was left in areas that were not designated for waste removal.These issues have caused much stress to our employees and reduced the productivity of our office over these weeks. Our staff has expressed their discomfort, their feelings of being unsafe and have wasted precious time cleaning up after your company's crew instead of doing their regular work.Mr. Warner, I have left many messages about this on your voice-mail but have not heard back. I am astonished and extremely disappointed at the performance and quality of the work being done and the lack of responsiveness from your company to my calls.This letter serves to confirm the immediate end to your company's contract with us. Your crew will no longer be allowed on our premises, and please do not expect payment for any work completed to date!Dear Mr. Martin, .My sincerest apologies for the service issues your company has endured. I have been out of theoffice on a family emergency and have been unable to retrieve my messages in the few days. I have just returned and have listened to your messages and read your letter.There is no excuse for the lack of professionalism is and poorperformance shown by the crew from our organization. The assigned crew was a new team subcontracted from a source that I thought was very reliable. Normally, our senior supervisor would have worked alongside the crew on this project but, due to extenuating circumstances, could not. I am shocked and severely sorry for the troubles this has caused, and to the reputation of my company.Please accept my deepest apologies and our offer to complete the work properly immediately--with payment for hard costs only. (Our labor and other fees will be waived entirely.) 'You have my personal commitment that the project will be completed at the highest quality with my direct supervision.I will give you a call in the morning hopefully to be able to discuss this proposal with you and to convince you to allow us to finish this project.1. What is the main purpose of the letter?(A) To complain about the progress of the work(B) To terminate a work contract(C) To warn of some dangers in the work area(D) To request reimbursement for some damages答案：B（该信的主要目的是终止工作合同）2. Which of the following is NOT a complaint made by Mr. Martin?(A) Workers didn't show up to work on time.(B) The crew did not clean after themselves.(C) Workers slacked off too much.(D) The crew didn't offer to work overtime.答案：D（Mr. Martin没有抱怨的是：工作人员不愿意加班）3. What does Mr. Warner offer to do?(A) Replace the work crew(B) Provide a discount on labor costs(C) Forgo all the fees other than the material cost(D) Meet with Mr. Marth to listen to his proposal答案：C（Mr. Warner承诺放弃材料费以外的所有费用）4. What can be inferred about Warner Associates Incorporated?(A) The company has a history of performing bad work.(B) Mr. Warner has a habit of giving excuses for everything.(C) Some of the senior managers are unreliable.(D) The company cares about what others think.答案：D（该公司在乎别人的想法，沃纳联合公司想积极解决这件事情）5. Why will Mr. Warner call the client?(A) To try to convince Mt. Martin to sign the agreement(B) To discuss further about the details of the contract(C) To demand payment for the work they have done to date(D) To see if he can convince Mr. Martin to allow the crew back on the site答案：D（看看他是否可以说服马丁先生允许工作人员回到现场，沃纳先生想和顾客马丁先生就其提出的解决方案进行讨论，以期完成本次施工）（七）We are working to improve the overall working dynamics within our company, in particular employees' attitudes towards the relationships with senior management, a primary factor influencing the core human relations in the workplace. Please read below, and circle one answer only.1. Please describe your working relationship style with your direct senior manager.A) CasualB) Very casualC) FormalD) Very formal2. How often do you meet with your senior manager to discuss your progress and projects in general?A) Once a weekB) Once a monthC) Once a yearD) Never3. How do you address your senior manager in correspondence?A) By first nameB) By last nameC) By full titleD) Flexible - depends on topic4. How would you prefer that your senior manager view you?A). As an employeeB) As a colleagueC) As a friendD) As a trainee5. How satisfied are you with your relationship with your senior manager?A) Very satisfiedB) SatisfiedC) Somewhat satisfiedD) Not satisfiedResuits1. A) Casual 53% B) Very casual 7%C) Formal 26% D) Very formal 14%2. A) Once a week 48% B) Once a month 25%C) Once a year 19% D) Never 83. A) By first name45% B) By last name 30%C) By full title 10% D) Flexible depends on topic 15%4. A)As an employee 23% B) As a colleague 47%C) As a friend 25% D) As a trainee 5%5. A) Very satisfied 63%C) Somewhat satisied 7%B) Satisfied 28%D) Not satisfied 2%AnalysisAfter reviewing the study results, we conclude that a large number of staff relationships with their senior managers are increasingly casual, which corresponds to the nationwide trends of effective work force relationships. Interaction and communication with management is therefore more frequent and natural. Correspondence and other written communication are also more friendly and casual, with almost half of respondents feeling comfortable using a first name basis only.Employees want and enjoy a co-working relationship view with their senior managers, preferring to be viewed as a colleague. With a staggering 63% very satisfied" with their relationships and another 28% satisfied", the present relations in our company's staff with management seem to indicate a surprisingly content team of people.Of course, we will recommend making effort to increasing the overall satisfaction in all relationships for everyone.1. What is the main purpose of the poll?(A) To establish a definite hierarchy within the workplace(B) T o resolve the difference of opinions between managers and staff members(C) To get a grasp of how the managers are managing the members of their teams(D) To better understand the relationship between employees and their managers to improve the working environment答案：D（更好地了解员工与经理之间的关系，以改善工作环境）2. Which question did NOT address the relationship aspect of the managers and employees?(A) Question 1(B) Question 2(C) Question 3(D) Question 4答案：B（哪一个问题没有涉及经理和员工的关系方面？）3. What can be inferred from the results of Question 4?(A) Many employees feel distant from their bosses.(B) The managers neglect being supportive in the employees' personal goals.(C) A large portion of the employees wants to be treated with respect from their bosses.(D) The working environment allows the staff members to meet often to discuss issues.答案：C（从问题4的结果可以推断出什么--很大一部分员工希望得到老板的尊重）4. What best describes the outcome of the study results?(A) The interactions between workers and management are heading in the right direction.(B) Most of the managers prefer to be addressed by their full title.(C) The relationship with senior managers still needs to be improved a great deal.(D) A majority of the staff members share the same feeling that they are being treated as workhorses.答案：A（工人与管理层之间的互动正朝着正确的方向发展。
托业考试阅读理解真题及模拟题汇总大全（第三辑）附原文翻译、参考答案及解析
托业考试阅读理解真题及模拟题汇总大全（第三辑）附原文翻译、参考答案及解析托业考试阅读理解真题及模拟题汇总大全（第三辑）附原文翻译、参考答案及解析（一）Dear Mr. Wills,Thank you very much for your Invaluable contribution to this year's Environmental Issues Conference. Your discussion was hugely popular with our attendees. It was a highlight of our event.In our follow-up newsletter, we will devote a full-page to your topic further to outline the pointsof interest for our membership. Numerous requests have been received for more information.It would be a great honor to have you participate in another session at next year's conference it you can make it. We will forward details about the location, dates, and theme well ahead of time so that you can schedule it in your calendar.Thank you again for your tremendous help in making this year's conference a huge success!【译文】亲爱的Wills先生：非常感谢您为今年的环境问题会议做出的宝贵贡献。
托业英语阅读练习题及答案
托业英语阅读练习题及答案Lesson 2125. It would be easier to work on this project as a team if our manager permits ------- to do so.(A) we(B) our(C) ours(D) us126. The ------- investment should be small in orderto determine the fund's stability.(A) initial(B) cancelled(C) productive(D) impartial127. Before making your online purchase, read the customer agreement ------- in order to clearly understand our company's return policies.(A) careful(B) most careful(C) carefulness(D) carefully128. Once you arrive at the hotel, check-in and ------- a copy of the seminar's agenda from thereception.(A) define(B) obtain(C) recall(D) inquire129. Interested customers can look at reviewsof ------- of our custom-made pianos on ourWeb page.(A) some(B) so(C) such(D) ones130. The CEO announced that he will ------- reacha decision about the potential merger bythe end of the week.(A) definitely(B) extremely(C) freely(D) usually131. The rise in sales this quarter indicates that ------- is increasing amongst middle-class consumers.(A) spend(B) spenders(C) spent(D) spending133. Metropolitan Museum asks its patrons to ------- refrain from making loud conversation in the exhibition rooms not to disturb other visitors.(A) kind(B) kindly(C) kindlier(D) kinder134. Tom Evans has been promoted to senior supervisor for his ------- sales record over the past two years.(A) unfolded(B) reversing(C) inscribed(D) outstanding136. The due date for the application to the Wall Street Finance Center internship is ------- approaching.(A) rapidly(B) securely(C) carefully(D) anxiously137. Customer complaints about late shipmentsand damaged packages are becoming more(A) frequent(B) frequented(C) frequently(D) frequency138. If you use the online banking system, thebank credits the ------- to your account after10 A.M. on the next business day.(A) deposit(B) economy(C) finance(D) placement139. Dr. Sanders and Dr. Jacobs turned in theirresignations to the general hospital and willopen a private practice of -------.(A) them(B) theirs(C) themselves(D) their own140. FTP Services is relocating its head officesand will be ------- its customer service hotlineuntil further notice.(A) unfolding(B) estimating(C) discontinuing(D) solvingQuestions 141-143 refer to the following e-mail.From: Brad TaylorTo: Arlene PetronosSubject: Book reviewsDate: Thurs, Nov 22 2007Dear Ms. Petronos,Allow me to congratulate you again on becoming part of our online magazine writing team. As youlearned in an earlier communication, you will be writing reviews of recently published non-fictionBy Monday next week, you will receive your ------- assignment parcel, which will contain copies of the141. (A) almost(B) late(C) first(D) lastpublications on your assignment list. Instructions for submitting the first draft of each review, inaddition to information on the formation of a peer critique group for your work, ------- on our Web site.142. (A) is locating(B) locate(C) located(D) are locatedEssentially, you will be posting your work on our non-fictionbook review board, which you can accessonly with an administration-approved user name and password. Since you need a password to log in,your ------- password is: crimson. You can change this password for your convenience after you have143. (A) temporary(B) approximate(C) previous(D) permanentlogged on to the site.Welcome again, and we look forward to working with you!Questions 144-146 refer to the following letter.August 21, 2007LON CHANEY11509 Westmont StreetWest Los Angeles, CA90025, USADear Mr. Chaney,I would like to thank you for meeting with me last Monday. I certainly ------- the chance to talk about144. (A) appreciating(B) appreciated(C) was appreciated(D) will appreciatecareer possibilities with someone who has been in the medical technology industry for so many years.I am particularly grateful that you have offered to give me your insights on tie-ups betweenmanufacturers and medical institutions. As you are aware, I am most interested in enhancing myresearch skills for a well-established, ------- manufacturer that produces equipment for hospitals and145. (A) reputably(B) reputable(C) repute(D) reputationinstitutions that specialize in cardio-pulmonary health care.In the long-term, I would like to establish a system that would provide the latest technology as well asthe new information that assists doctors in improving the quality of life of their patients. This is thereason I would like to work for companies that value -------.146. (A) association(B) commerce(C) routine(D) innovationThank you once again for your offer of assistance, and I do look forward to our future discussions.Questions 147-149 refer to the following letter.July 22, 2008WESLEY MOORECustomer Service DepartmentAmericana AirlinesWest Los Angeles, CA90025, USADear Mr. Moore,On July 15, I ------- AMA flight #701 from San Francisco to Los Angeles.I have no complaint about the147. (A) take(B) will take(C) have taken(D) tooktrip itself; it was very comfortable. However, I was very ------- when I arrived at the airport and148. (A) prepared(B) disappointed(C) informed(D) confirmeddiscovered that my baggage had been lost. I didn’t have any choice but to wait at the airport for fivehours while your employees tried to trace the whereabouts of my baggage.I left the airport without mybelongings as I had an important meeting to attend.It has been one week, and I have not been contacted regarding my baggage. For this reason, I stronglyfeel that I should be compensated for the items that were lost. I hope to hear from your office -------149. (A) within(B) from(C) since(D) nearthe week.Sincerely yours,NATHAN HALLQuestions 150-152 refer to the following article.June 14, Bangkok — There has been a growing number of online orders for American products inCentral and Southeast Asia. Thus, in response to the -------,America’s biggest online shopping site150. (A) declaration(B) difficulty(C) increase(D) contractAmaze-Mart has announced plans to set up additional online stores in key cities in Asia, beginningwith Bangkok.The Seattle-based electronic commerce firm currently ------- its online stores from the US, Canada and151. (A) functions(B) operates(C) evaluates(D) servesfour countries in Europe. The establishment of an online store in Bangkok ------- the need for152. (A) has eliminated(B) eliminate(C) will eliminate(D) eliminatedcustomers to pay high international shipping fees when they make orders on the Web site. Thecompany’s cust omers in Asia have responded positively to this development.正确答案：125 D126 A 127 D 128 B 129 A 130 A131 D 132 A 133 B 134 D 135 B136 A 137 A 138 A 139 D 140 C141 C 142 D 143 A 144 B 145 B146 D 147 D 148 B 149 A 150 C151 B 152 C。
托业考试阅读理解真题及模拟题汇总大全（第十六辑）附参考答案及解析
托业考试阅读理解真题及模拟题汇总大全（第十六辑）附参考答案及解析托业考试阅读理解真题及模拟题汇总大全（第十六辑）附参考答案及解析（一）We’re HiringDate: September 3, 2006Position: National Operations Manager (Food Services Industry)Pay Benefits: $65, 000-$75,000+car allowance and bonus potentialQualifications: Undergrad degree in business. Minimum 6 years of related work experience. Comfortable with supervision of staff and strong multi-tasking skills. Good with people and a strong leader. Excellent budget management abilities. Must be willing to travel (25%-50%) and work occasionally on weekends.How to Apply: Please send us by email only your resume, subject "HR Manager-national Operations Manager," to hr@/doc/db15993928.html, by September 30. No phone calls please. We will contact only those candidates selected for interviews on October 3.Thank you for your interest!General Foods Company1 Main StreetTornoto ONM3P 2K8To: hr@/doc/db15993928.html,From: white@/doc/db15993928.html,Date: September 24, 2006Re: HR Manager National Operations ManagerHello,I am writing in response to your job opening ad for "National Operations Manager".Please find attached my detailed resume, outlining my relevant employment history and skill sets, for your consideration.I have spent the last 8 years developing my talents and experience within the food services industry and currently am the Regional Operations Manager for the Bread Company. My work history, strengths and interests are perfectly suited to the position advertised, as I'm ready to take the challenge of managing on a national level.I would be very pleased to have the opportunity to discuss my qualifications in person. Please review my information and call me at (416)332-1902 to set up a meeting.Thank you in advance for your consideration.I hope that it will be okay for me to follow-up with a phone call to ensure that you have received this submission.Best regardsJack White1. What is NOT a requirement for this job?A. Strong computer programming skillsB. A bachelor's degree in businessC. The ability to take on many things at onceD. The flexibility to move around答案：A（这项工作不需要较强的计算机编程能力）2. When is the last day to apply for the position with the General Foods Company?A. September 3B. September 24C. September 30D. October 3答案：C（在General Foods Company申请这个职位的最后一天是什么时候？）3. What can be inferred about Jack White?A. He is between jobs at the momentB. He is not happy with where he is now.C. He hopes to enter the food industry.D. He is eager to take on more responsibilities答案：D（他渴望承担更多的责任）4. What does Mr. White say he will do in the next few days?A. Mail his resumeB. Call to double check on something he sentC. Meet with the General Foods Company staffD. Come by the company to drop off some documents答案：B（打电话复查他寄来的东西）5. Which of the following actions contradict what is stated in the ad?A. Jack asking if it's okay to make a follow-up callB. Jack sending his resume by e-mailC. Jack requesting to meet in personD. Jack revealing sensitive information about the food industry答案：A（下列哪项行为与广告中所述相矛盾--广告中要求不要打电话）（二）Cross-cultural Communication in Business Negotiations BusinessWeekly by Dr Rod Steiner November 2006The importance of effective cross-cultural communicationduring business conferences or negotiations is often unappreciated. And yet it is not just the immediate outcome of the negotiation which is at stake but also the possibility of a positive, ongoing business relationship. Here's a simple example: "don’t mix business and pleasure, "we say, thinking ourselves to be efficient and virtuous." But trying to negotiate with that attitude in some other cultures may well cause consternation in your host. This in turn will result in cross-cultural imitation and may well put future relationships under a cloud. So, the first rule should be to study the culture of the people with whom you are going to negotiate.Dr. Rod Steiner, assistant lecturer, Department of Business Studies, South Australian Institute technology.South Australian Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Business Studies44 Berwick StAdelaide Australia 5066November 24, 2006Dear Dr. SteinerI read your article “cross-cultural Communication in Business Negotiations" with a great deal of interest. I am a postgraduate language/business student at the University of Adelaide, and I have also had some experience living and studying in Japan.You are absolutely right when you highlight possible "cross-cultural irritation. In our culture, we would never associate business transactions of any type with drinking alcohol and going to nightclubs. However, that’s more or less the normal way of doing things in Japan.I hope to specialize in this area of study-I mean, in cross-cultural communication and that's why I have chosen also tostudy some foreign languages. If you have any suggestions for further reading, could you please let me know?Thanks for your attention.Julie Luddon1. What does the article suggest?A. To take a course in international business relationships at the instituteB. Always to be alert of hints that can damage an ongoing business relationshipC. Not to mix business and pleasure when dealing with any cultureD. To know the culture of your business counterpart答案：D（这篇文章建议了解商业对方的文化）2. In the article the word “consternation" "in Paragraph 2, Line 3 is closest in meaning toA. alarmB. admirationC. fearD. assurance答案：A（吃惊）3. What does Ms. Luddon want to do?A. Inquire about the source of information mentioned in the articleB. Contradict what Doctor Steiner wrote in his articleC. Learn as many languages as possibleD. Pursue her studies in cross-cultural communications答案：D（继续学习跨文化交流）4. What can be inferred about Julie Luddon?A. She is writing a book about cultural negotiationsB. She has already received a bachelor’s degreeC. She is studying to become a university professor.D. She wants to work in a foreign country答案：B（Julie Luddon已经获得了学士学位）5. What do Julie and Dr. Steiner have in common?A. Both are interested in the same subjectB. Both have lived overseas in the pastC. Both are writing booksD. Both work in the same university答案：A（两人的共同点--两者都对同一课题感兴趣）（三）Christmas and Boxing Day ArrangementsAs Christmas and Boxing Day fall on a Thursday and Friday this year, all periodical payments falling on those two days will be paid early on Wednesday. Staff will be processing authorizations and transferring funds until midnight (Australian Western Standard Time)on the 24 of December. Regular banking services will resume on the following Monday, the 29 of December. There will be no change in the operations of our Automatic Teller Machines or Electronic Funds Transfers. Our financial advisory services centers will, however, be closed on Christmas and Boxing Day. Internet transactions may be scheduled but will not be processed until Monday, the29th of December. Phone banking services will not be available on the 25th , 26th , 27th , or 28th . We apologize for any inconvenience.We wish all of our customers a very happy and safe Christmas!1. Who is the intended audience of this notice?A. Bank employeesB. CustomersC. DriversD. Security guard答案：B（谁是本通知的预期受众—客户）2. What is the purpose of the notice?A. To announce the holiday scheduleB. To notify customers of a holiday saleC. To apologize for a mistakeD. To advertise a new type of service答案：A（公布假期时间表）３. Which of the following services can be performed on the 25th?A. Paying utility bills at the teller’s windowB. Receiving financial advice from the institutionC. Transferring money by telephoneD. Taking money out of a cash dispenser答案：D（25号可以执行以下哪些服务――从自动提款机中取出钱）４. What will happen to regular payments that fall on the 26th this year?A. The payments will have to be mailed out.B. They won't be taken care of until the 29thC. The transactions will occur on that dayD. They will go out a few days early答案：C（今年26号的定期付款会怎样？交易将在那一天发生）（四）NOTICE TO CREDITORSre: the estate of Michael Gordon, formerly of 7 Golden Circus, Victoria, British Columbia, deceased on the 19th of November, 2010.Notice is hereby given that any further creditors and other claimants against the said estate should contact the offices of Sankin and Sankin, Solicitors, Suite 9, 432 Wilberforce Road,Victoria, V8W 3R3, the executors of the will of Michael Gordon, no later than December 22, 2010. After that date, we, the executors, will distribute the estate among the parties entitled to it, taking into consideration only claims received by the due date.１. What is the main purpose of this notice?A. To announce the passing away of Mr. Michael GordonB. To find a missing personC. To remember a person who did good deedsD. To inform people of a due date to make claims against a person答案：D（通知人们对某人提出索赔的截止日期）２. In which part of the newspaper would this notice be printed?A. In the editorial sectionB. In the obituary sectionC. In the business sectionD. In the want ad section答案：B（这张通知将刊登在报纸的哪一部分――在讣告栏）３. Who most likely took out this notice?A. Mr. Gordon’s familyB. MichaelC. A law firmD. A bank答案：C（谁最有可能拿了这个通知？律师事务所）４. According to the notice, what is going to occur after December 22?A. A funeral will be held in honor of Mr. GordonB. Creditors will get a chance to submit their claims to the debtorC. Michael s estate will be distributed among those whomade a claim.D. The appointment of the executor of the will is going to take place答案：C（根据通知，12月22日以后会发生什么？迈克尔的遗产将分配给那些提出索赔的人）（五）Try our new Call Right phone service, and get the first years long distance calls for free!Hard to believe? We are celebrating our 1oth birthday and would like to extend an invitation to everyone to try our amazing new phone service and get the first years long distance calls (to anywhere in the world. for free! The retail price for this package after the first year-will be $59/month. We want to say thank you for helping us become the number-one phone company in our region.The first 1, 000 customers will also receive 2 state-of-the-art phone sets, which will optimize the all Right experience. The sets can be used for our office or in your home. Please see our full page insert for full details.Contact CRW Phone Go immediately to take advantage of this amazing offer!Customers in Lakefield Call Toll-free 1-800-511-1111Customers outside of Lakefield Call Toll-free 1-999-255-1902 Extended Invitation for "Call Right "phone service, and get the first year's long distance calls for free! Due to the overwhelming response to our recent ad -offering 2 state-of-the-art phone sets when signing up for our amazing new services for $59/month-we are pleased to announce an extension of this offer to an additional 3,000 customers.We knew that this offer was irresistible, but within the firstday of the ad, all the free gifts were gone. And to be fair to more of our loyal customers who have helped in our success, we are happy to announce that we will continue this offer to an additional 3.000 customers.Thank you for your responses.To take advantage of this continued amazing offer, please contact the CRW Phone Co. right away. Customers in Lakefield Call Toll-free 1-800-511-1111Customers outside of Lakefield Call Toll-free 1-999-255-19021. What is an attractive feature being offered?A. All new customers who sign up for a year will receive a new phone as a giftB. The new service allows a year’s worth of overseas calls for free.C. The rates for international calls have been reduced by 59% for everyoneD. The basic monthly charge has been deleted from everyone’s bill altogether.答案：B（所提供的有吸引力的是什么? 这项新服务可以免费拨打一年的长途电话。
2021年 模拟试题 托业听力阅读口语写作考试样题 含答案及解析
写作考试样题含答案及解析第一部分口语T1Some college students take classes during the summer. Others take the summer off from school, so that they can rest or work at a job. Which do you think is better for students? Explain why.T2Reading：Allow Students to Park in Faculty Parking LotI would like to propose that students who live off campus and drive to school be allowed to park in the employee parking lot behind Messner Hall, which is currently reserved for university faculty. Finding a parking spot near the Classroom buildings is difficult—we often have to drive around looking for a place to park, which makes us late to class. The faculty lot isn’t fully used—I see a lot of empty spaces there in the morning—and so I don’t think it would be inconvenient for the university to also allow students who drive to school to park there.SincerelyGreg MurphyQuestion：The woman expresses her opinion about the proposal described in the letter. Briefly summarize the proposal then state her opinion about the proposal and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.T3Frustration ToleranceWhen young children are not able to accomplish their goals, they may become frustrated and act inappropriately. However, as children mature, they can learn to manage or tolerate frustration. The development of frustration tolerance allows children to continue to work toward completing tasks, even when their initial attempts are unsuccessful. Parents can help their children develop frustration tolerance by deliberately restricting their own responses to their children’s demands for help. By gradually reducing their response time, parents can teach children to manage their frustration while they keep trying to accomplish their goals, despite any difficulties or setbacks that they may encounter.Question：Using the example from the lecture, explain how parents can help their children develop frustration tolerance.T4Question：Using the examples from the lecture, explain two types of animal social groups第二部分听力Section 11. Why does the student peak with the professor?A. To ask for assistance coming up with an idea for her assignmentB. To go over an article the professor had assignedC. To discuss an architectural concept she would like to work withD. To review her work on a project she recently submitted.2. What point do the speakers make when they discuss the materials used in the iceberg design?A. The materials are designed to help cool the buildingB. The materials are more costly than building materials typically used in urban structuresC. The thickness of materials requires that they be cut with special equipmentD. The amount of materials used reduced the impact on the environment3. Why does the professor mention retail space?A. To explain the cause of city developer’s tax problemB. To introduce the focus of the class’s next model projectC. To point out how quickly modern retail structures are builtD. To provide background on why the iceberg design was created4. What does the professor say about air beams?Click on 2 answersA. They provide support to the icebergB. They are made partly from steelC. They permit an iceberg to assume a variety of shapesD. They take a long time to manufactureListen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question 5. What can be inferred about the student?A. She was not fully aware of the trip’s dateB. She does not intend to go on the tripC. She had already been to the Frank LIoyd Wright houseD. She would prefer to lead the tour, not be a group member.6. What is the lecture mainly about?A. The life of a famous Italian Renaissance artistB. The history of fresco painting in ItalyC. The creation of a particular work of Renaissance artD. The construction of a typical church of the Italian Renaissance7. According to the professor, what is one advantage of using the fresco technique?A. A fresco can last a long timeB. The materials for making a fresco are inexpensiveC. The fresco technique is easy to learnD. A fresco can be completed quickly8. According to the professor, why is a fresco painted before the plaster dries?A. So that mistakes can be corrected easilyB. So that the paint will sink into the plasterC. So that the colors of the paints can be blended betterD. So that human forms will appear more lifelike9. Why does the professor mention the artist who painted with a paintbrush in each hand?A. To describe how the Sistine Chapel’s ceiling was paintedB. To illustrate the ingenious creativity of Renaissance artistsC. To explain how Michelangelo learned to paintD. To emphasize the need for fresco painters to work quickly10. Why did Michelangelo choose to build footbridges rather than traditional scaffolding when he painted the chapel?A. To accommodate the curved shape of the chapel’s ceilingB. To keep the floor clear for ceremonies in the chapelC. To reach both the walls and the ceiling of the chapelD. To paint while lying on his back for long periods of time11. What does the professor imply when he says thisA. He has suggestions about how students can deal with difficult situationsB. Many people would have been uncomfortable paint ing the chapel’s ceilingC. There was one problem that Michelangelo was unable to overcomeD. Michelangelo’s reputation as a great artist may be somewhat exaggerated Section 21. Why does the woman go to see the man?A. To provide feedback on her previous housing experienceB. To find out how she can participate in a different housing programC. To reapply for housing at the Eco House next semesterD. To get information about a student assistant position2. What is t he woman’s attitude about the Eco House?A. She had hoped it would be more committed to sustainable practicesB. She believes that its program is exactly what she will needC. She thinks its program is too narrow for her academic goalsD. She regrets that residents are only permitted to live there for one year3. What are two advantages that living at the Mary Blake HouseClick on 2 answersA. It would allow her to actively engage with guest scholarsB. It would allow her to create a house theme with other studentsC. She would join a classmate who currently lives at the Mary Blake HouseD. She would have an opportunity to qualify for staff discounts4. Why does the woman mention a journalist?A. To provide background on one of the faculty living at the Mary Blake HouseB. To provide an example of a recent dinner guest at the Mary Blake HouseC. To suggest a way to create publicity for the Mary Blake House programD. To point a Blake House program guest that she would be interested in5. What does the man ask the woman to do?A. Fill out a questionnaire about the Mary Blake House programB. Participate in a review of program houses that is being conductedC. Interview to become a student assistant at the Eco HouseD. Provide feedback about the application process on the Web site6. What does the professor mainly discuss?A. The main achievements of the Voyager spacecraft missionB. Differences between Uranus and other gas giant planetsC. Reasons for the increasing interest of scientists in the planet UranusD. Characteristics of Uranus learned using a variety of methods7. Why does the professor mention the color of Uranus?A. To give an example of a feature that Uranus shares with JupiterB. To give an example of a discovery made by the Voyage spacecraft missionC. To explain how a component of Uranus’ atmosphere was identifiedD. To explain how sunlight affects temperatures on Uranus8. According to the professor, how did astronomers deduce the composition of the planet Uranus?Click on 2 answersA. By calculating Uranus’ densityB. By measuring Uranus’ force of gravityC. By examining the strength of Uranus’ magnetic fieldD. By comparing Uranus with Jupiter9. What features of Uranus do some astronomers think were caused by the planet’s collision with another object? Click on 2 answersA. The composition of its coreB. The angle of its axis of rotationC. Its rapid rotationD. Its low internal temperature10. Why does the professor mention Uranus’ magnetic field?A. To point out a surprising similarity between Uranus and EarthB. To emphasize the limitations of remote observations in astronomyC. To point out a recent discovery about Uranus that contradicts earlier findingsD. To explain one effect of Uranus’ distance from the SunListen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question11. Why does the professor say thisA. To suggest that the student’s question reflects a common mis conceptionB. To remain the student that they will discuss rocky planets in the next class.C. To help the student realize the answer to his own questionD. To encourage the student to clarify what he means12. What is the purpose of the lectureA. To suggest that cryptic patterns in the animal kingdom can be reduced to only a few basic formsB. To explain how cephalopods change cryptic patterns based on their visual perceptionC. To contrast underwater and dryland crypsis strategiesD. To trace the evolution of crypsis in animal as a defense against predators13. What can be inferred about an animal that only uses stipple crypsis?A. It will have a difficult time hiding from predatorsB. It is likely to be of a medium body sizeC. It will tend to avoid areas with multiple colors and patternsD. It will most likely be found close to a seashore14. What happens to some cephalopods when they swim over a gravel patch onthe seafloor?A. They change their skin color to match the color of the darkest pieces of gravelB. They display irregularly shaped dark and light patchesC. They display a disruptive coloration to match the local environmentD. They quickly swim away from the gravel patch15. What features of disruptive crypsis does the professor mention?Click on 2 answersA. It disguises the outline of the animal that uses itB. It works by contrasting with the colors in the surrounding habitatC. It is most effective when used against a single-colored backgroundD. It can incorporate a combination of other crypsis patterns16. Why does the professor mention the tiger?A. To illustrate that results of the cephalopod research can be extended to many other animalsB. To give an example of an animal whose crypsis strategy has been extensively studiedC. To point out how different its crypsis strategy is from the strategy used by smaller animalsD. To argue that predators rely on crypsis less than prey species doListen to part of the lecture. Then answer the question17. What does the professor imply when she says this:A. Crypsis in cephalopods can rarely fool human visual perceptionB. Few animals use crypsis to hide from predatorsC. New information has led to the reevaluation of some previous assumptionsD. More cephalopod research needs to be done to obtain accurate data答案：Section1C D D AC BC A BD B BSection 2B C （AD） D BD C （AD）（BD） B CB C B （AD） A C第三部分写作Argentavis magnificens, the largest bird to have ever inhabited Earth, lived six million years agoin the southern part of South America that roughly corresponds to modern-day Argentina. The bird, which is known only through fossil remains, weighed up to 68 kilograms. There is some debate about whether this bird was able to fly or whether it had lost its ability to fly at some point during its evolution.First, there is the problem of lifting off into the air. Based on its skeleton, the bird's total wingspan was nearly seven meters. Wings this long would have hit the ground if the bird had tried to lift off from a standing position. Modern flying birds have wing-to-body proportions that allow them to take off without hitting the ground with their wings. Second, even if the bird had managed to lift off, it does not appear to have had enough muscle strength to make continuous flight possible. As large as it was, the Argentavis does not appear to have had sufficient muscles to keep its huge wings moving. It is highly improbable that its muscles could move its wings fast enough to keep it in the air for extended periods.Third, according to the theory of evolution, animals only have abilities that give them an advantage in their struggle to survive. Flying would not have given this giant bird any advantage.It did not need to fly in order to escape predators, because of its size it had no predators. It could not use flying to hunt because it would have been such a clumsy and inefficient flier that it could not possibly have captured enough food. The bird, therefore, probably lost the ability to fly during its evolution.独立Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: There is never a good reason to be impolite (rude) to other people.第四部分阅读Artisans in Sixteenth-Century EuropeFor centuries European artisans had operated in small, autonomous handcraft businesses, but by the sixteenth century an evolving economic system—moving toward modern capitalism, with its free-market pricing, new organization of production, investments, and so on—had started to erode their stable and relatively prosperous position. What forces contributed to the decline of the artisan?In a few industries, there appeared technological innovations that costmore to install and operate than artisans—even associations of artisans—could afford. For example, in iron production, such specialized equipment as blast furnaces, tilt hammers, wiredrawing machines, and stamping, rolling, and slitting mills became more familiar components of the industry. Thus, the need for fixed capital (equipment and buildings used in production) soared. Besides these items, expensive in their own right, facilities for water, storage, and deliveries were needed. In addition, pig (raw) iron turned out by blast furnaces could not be forged until refined further in a new intermediate stage. In late sixteenth-century Antwerp, where a skilled worker earned 125 to 250 guilders a year, a large blast furnace alone cost 3,000 guilders, and other industrial equipment was equally or more expensive.Raw materials, not equipment, constituted artisans’ major expense in most traders, however. ■Whereas in 1583 an Antwerp silk weaver paid 12 guilders for a loom (and made small payments over many years to pay off the debt for purchasing the loom), every six weeks he or she had to lay out 24 guilders for the 2 pounds of raw silk required to make a piece of cloth. ■Thus access to cheap and plentiful primary materials was a constant preoccupation for independent producers. ■Using local materials might allow even the poorest among them to avoid reliance on merchant suppliers. ■The loss of nearby sources could therefore be devastating. As silk cultivation waned around the Spanish cities of Cordoba and Toledo, weavers in these cities were forced to becomeemployees of merchants who put out raw silk from Valencia and Murcia provinces. In the Dutch Republic, merchants who imported unprocessed salt from France, Portugal, and Spain gained control of the salt-refining industry once exploitation of local salt marshes was halted for fear that dikes (which held back the sea from the low-lying Dutch land) would be undermined.Credit was necessary for production but created additional vulnerabilities for artisans. Prices for industrial products lagged behind those of raw materials and foodstuffs, and this, coupled with rising taxes, made it difficult for many producers to repay their creditors. Periodic downturns, when food prices shot up and demand for manufactures fell off, drove them further into debt or even into bankruptcy, from which they might emerge only by agreeing to sell their products exclusively to merchants or fellow artisans who extended them loans. Frequent enough during periods of growth, such credit crises became deeper and lasted longer after about 1570, as did war-related disruptions of raw-material supplies and markets.Artisans’ autonomy was imperiled, too, by restrictions on their access to markets. During the sixteenth century, a situation like this often resulted from the concentration of export trade in a few great storage and distribution centers. The disappearance of regional markets where weavers in Flanders (what is now northern Belgium) had previously bought flax and sold linen left them at the mercy of big-city middlemen, who quickly turned them into domesticworkers. In a similar fashion, formerly independent producers in southern Wiltshire in England, who had bought yarn from spinners or local brokers and sold their cloth to merchants in nearby Salisbury, became subject to London merchants who monopolized both wool supplies and woolens exports.With good reason, finally, urban artisans feared the growth of industries in the countryside. For one thing, they worried that the spread of village crafts would reduce their supply of raw materials, driving up prices. City producers also knew that rural locations enjoyed lower living costs, wages, and taxes, and often employed fewer or simplified processes. These advantages became a major preoccupation as competition intensified in the 1570s and 1580s.1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.□In the sixteenth century, the European economy moved toward a system of free-market pricing, new ways of production, and investments.□ Before the sixteenth century, European makers of handcrafts enjoyed stability, autonomy, and relative prosperity.□ By the sixteenth century, the rise of capitalism began to weaken the autonomy and relative prosperity of European artisans.□European artisans operated small, autonomous businesses before modern capitalism emerged in the sixteenth century.2. According to paragraph 2, how did technological advances contribute to the economic decline of artisans?□ Artisans had no place to store or use the new machines.□Goods produced by the new technology were cheaper than those produced by artisans.□ The fixed costs of remaining in business became very high.□ Artisans did not know how to use the new machines.3. The word “preoccupation” in the passage is closest in meaning to□ necessity□ concern□ struggle□ uncertainty4. In paragraph 3, why does the author provide the information about an Antwerp silk weaver’s costs in 1583?□ To describe some typical costs in the silk-weaving industry□To support the statement that artisans’ main expense was materials, not equipment□ To argue against the view that artisans did not have to borrow money to buy equipment□ To show that materials were cheap and plentiful for most artisans5. According to paragraph 3, which of the following was sometimes an effect on artisans of the loss of local sources of their primary materials?□ They had to sell their products to merchants.□ They needed to take loans in order to buy the materials from merchants.□They could no longer afford to be independent producers. □ They imported the materials from distant sources.6. According to paragraph 4, all of the following caused economic difficulties for artisans EXCEPT□ decreasing availability of credit□ decreased demand for manufactured goods□ increased taxes□ problems caused by wars7. Paragraph 5 supports which of the following statements about artisans during the sixteenth century?□ They had difficulty transporting their goods to the best markets.□ They were at a disadvantage because the concentration of supplies and exports was in the hands of big-city merchants.□ They received higher wages as employees of big-city merchants.□ They were able to obtain raw materials from local merchants.8. All of the following are identified in paragraph 6 as concerns that urban artisans had about the growth of industry in the countryside EXCEPT□ a decrease in the supply of raw materials□ a cheaper cost of living in the countryside□ a more manageable level of competition□ less complex production processes in the countryside9. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.This was possible because when transportation costs were low, the price of rawmaterials was generally also low.Where would the sentence best fit? Cl ick on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.10. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong. To review the passage, click on View Text.Answer choice1. Artisans’ ability to earn profits was restricted by their dependence on creditors, to whom they were forced to sell their goods, and by competition from rural areas.2. As industries came under the control of merchants, artisans lostaccess to cheap raw materials, and they had to borrow money to buy the materials they needed from merchant suppliers.3. In the new industrial system from which skilled artisans were progressively excluded, the quality of manufactured items gradually declined.4. Advances in technology in some industries increased the cost of the equipment, buildings, and facilities that artisans needed for producing and selling their goods.5. Iron production in the sixteenth century depended on new inventions such as blast furnaces, tilt hammers, wire-drawing machines, and stamping, rolling, and silting mills.6. The rising prices of food and other necessities often left artisans without enough money to pay their taxes and other business expenses.Earth’s AtmosphereEarth’s atmosphere has changed through time. Compared to the Sun, whose composition is representative of the raw materials from which Earth and other planets in our solar system formed, Earth contains less of some volatile elements, such as nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, and helium. These elements were lost when the envelope of gases, or primary atmosphere, that surrounded early Earth, was stripped away by the solar wind or by meteorite impacts, or both. Little by little, the planet generated a new, secondary atmosphere by volcanicoutgassing of volatile materials from its interior.Volcanic outgassing continues to be the main process by which volatile materials are released from Earth—although it is now going on at a much slower rate. The main chemical constituent of volcanic gases (as much as 97 percent of volume) is water vapor, with varying amounts of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other gases. In fact, the total volume of volcanic gases released over the past 4 billion years or so is believed to account for the present composition of the atmosphere with one important exception: oxygen. Earth had virtually no oxygen in its atmosphere more than 4 billion years ago, but the atmosphere is now approximately 21 percent oxygen.Traces of oxygen were probably generated in the early atmosphere by the breakdown of water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen by ultraviolet light (a process called photo dissociation). Although this is an important process, it cannot begin to account for the present high levels of oxygen in the atmosphere. Almost all of the free oxygen now in the atmosphere originated through photosynthesis, the process whereby plants use light energy to induce carbon dioxide to react with water, producing carbohydrates and oxygen.Oxygen is a very reactive chemical, so at first most of the free oxygen produced by photosynthesis was combined with iron in ocean water to form iron oxide-bearing minerals. The evidence of the gradual transition from oxygen-poor to oxygen-rich water is preserved in seafloor sediments. The minerals inseafloor sedimentary rocks that are more than about 2.5 billion years old contain reduced (oxygen-poor) iron compounds. In rocks that are less than 1.8 billion years old, oxidized (oxygen-rich) compounds predominate. The sediments that were precipitated during the transition contain alternating bands of red (oxidized iron) and black (reduced iron) minerals. These rocks are called banded-iron formations. Because ocean water is in constant contact with the atmosphere, and the two systems function together in a state of dynamic equilibrium, the transition from an oxygen-poor to an oxygen-rich atmosphere also must have occurred during this period.Along with the buildup of molecular oxygen (O2) came an eventual increase in ozone (O3) levels in the atmosphere. ■Because ozone filters out harmful ultraviolet radiation, this made it possible for life to flourish in shallow water and finally on land. ■This critical state in the evolution of the atmosphere was replaced between 1100 and 542 million years ago. ■Interestingly, the fossil record shows an explosion of life forms 542 million years ago.■Oxygen has continued to play a key role in the evolution and form of life. Over the last200 million years, the concentration of oxygen has risen from 10 percent to as much as 25 percent of the atmosphere, before setting (probably not permanently) at its current value of 21 percent. This increase has benefitedmammals, which are voracious oxygen consumers. Not only do we require oxygen to fuel our high-energy, warm-blooded metabolism, our unique reproductive system demands even more. An expectant mother’s used (venous) blood must still have enough oxygen in it to diffuse through the placenta into her unborn child’s bloodstream. It would be very difficult for any mammal species to survive in an atmosphere of only 10 percent oxygen.Geologists cannot yet be certain why the atmospheric oxygen levels increased, but they have a hypothesis. First, photosynthesis is only one part of the oxygen cycle. The cycle is completed by decomposition, in which organic carbon combines with oxygen and forms carbon dioxide. But if organic matter is buried as sediment before it fully decomposes, its carbon is no longer available to react with the free oxygen. Thus there will be a net accumulation of carbon in sediments and of oxygen in the atmosphere.1. In paragraph 1, why does the author state that Earth has less nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, and helium than the Sun?▢ To argue that these elements were once part of an early atmosphere, which disappeared▢To suggest that these elements were drawn into the Sun’s atmosphere▢To provide evidence that Earth’s original atmosphere came primarily from meteorites▢To support the claim that Earth’s atmosphere would have changed even moreif it had contained more volatile elements2. According to paragraph 2, the history of volcanic outgassing cannot explain which of the following?▢ The lack of oxygen in the atmosphere 4 billion years ago▢ The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere today▢ The proportions of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today ▢ The present abundance of oxygen in the atmosphere3. Paragraph 3 suggests which of the following about the process of Photo dissociation?▢ It is more common today than it was in the early history of the atmosphere.▢ It is responsible for only a small amount of the oxygen in the atmosphere today.▢It removes trace amounts of oxygen from the atmosphere. ▢It produces more free oxygen than photosynthesis does.4. The word “gradual” in the passage is closest in meaning to▢ critical▢ original▢ beneficial▢ slow5. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning。
托业(阅读)模拟试卷50(题后含答案及解析)_0
托业（阅读）模拟试卷50(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 完成句子 2. 短文填空 3. 阅读理解完成句子1．We invest funds on_______of over 120 clients including pension funds, insurance companies, and government entities, as well as financial institutions and charities.A．accountB．behalfC．instructD．order正确答案：B解析：投资公司是代客户投资的公司。
on behalf of是“代表……”的意思。
如果C选项是instruction，变成on the instruction of，意为“在……的指示下”，则可以被选为正确答案。
2．The results of this marketing survey are_______with previous findings.A．collectedB．satisfiedC．consistentD．assembled正确答案：C解析：请把“be+形容词+介词”当作惯用搭配来记忆。
be consistent with意为“符合的……”或“与……一致的”。
B选项也和with搭配使用，但词义上不合适。
3．The purpose of my coming here is______business with you.A．doB．to doC．doingD．done正确答案：B解析：这句话的意思是说，我这次来是想和你们开展业务往来。
不定式可以用来表示尚未发生、一次性的和具体的动作，所以正确项为(B)。
4．If a better material______, the cost of the product would have been decreased.A．had been usedB．had been usingC．being usedD．using正确答案：A解析：if引导的条件从句如果对过去事实进行虚拟，从句时态是if…were／did…，而主句谓语动词用情态动词过去式加上动词原形。
托业(阅读)模拟试卷46(题后含答案及解析)
托业（阅读）模拟试卷46(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 完成句子 2. 短文填空 3. 阅读理解完成句子1．Dr. Hooper at Michigan United Hospital is the world’s______authority on knee replacement surgeries.A．ledB．leaderC．leadingD．leaders正确答案：C解析：句子中的authority的意思是“当权者，权威”，四个选项中能够修饰它的词只有形容词leading，意思是“最重要的，首屈一指的”。
2．With ski season fast______, investors are wondering whether the ski lodge will be completed by the first snow fall.A．sellingB．snowingC．completingD．approaching正确答案：D解析：with之后的ski season和fast之间应该是主语和动词的关系。
再看整句话的意思应该是说随着滑雪季节越来越近会怎么样，所以approaching是最能使文句通顺的选项。
with在这句话中的意思是“考虑到(一事与另一事的关系)，随着”，是—个独立主格结构。
3．Althea Corporation______by many analysts to be the most innovative software company in the industry.A．considerablyB．considerationC．is consideredD．was considering正确答案：C解析：根据上下文我们可以看出文句中缺动词，所以首先把considerably和considera—tion排除。
再看横线后面出现的是“by+动作行为者”，由此我们又可以知道横线上应该填入的是一个被动语态。