2006年全国医学考博英语试题及答案详解(含听力原文)
医学考博英语试题及答案
医学考博英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分，每题1分）1. The new drug is reported to be effective in treating_______.A. hypertensionB. hypotensionC. hyperactivityD. hypoactivity答案：A2. The patient's condition has been stable since the _______ of the medication.A. administrationB. admissionC. communicationD. commutation答案：A3. The doctor advised the patient to avoid _______ foods.A. allergenicB. allergicC. allergenD. allergy答案：A4. The _______ of the surgery was successful, but thepatient's recovery was slow.A. executionB. implementationC. performanceD. operation答案：D5. The _______ of the disease is influenced by genetic factors.A. progressionB. regressionC. transmissionD. transition答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分，每篇5分）Passage 1Recent studies have shown that a balanced diet can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease. Experts recommend consuming a variety of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. It is also important to limit the intake of salt, sugar, and saturated fats.5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of a balanced dietB. The role of fruits and vegetables in heart healthC. The dangers of salt, sugar, and saturated fatsD. The benefits of lean proteins and healthy fats答案：A6. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT recommended for heart health?A. Consuming a variety of fruits and vegetablesB. Eating whole grainsC. Limiting the intake of salt and sugarD. Eating large amounts of saturated fats答案：DPassage 2The use of electronic health records (EHRs) has increased significantly in recent years. EHRs provide a comprehensive view of a patient's medical history, which can improve the quality of care. However, the implementation of EHRs also presents challenges, such as ensuring data privacy and security.7. What is the main advantage of EHRs mentioned in the passage?A. They provide a complete medical historyB. They improve patient-doctor communicationC. They reduce medical errorsD. They lower healthcare costs答案：A8. What challenge is associated with the use of EHRs?A. Ensuring data privacy and securityB. Training medical staff to use the systemC. Maintaining the hardware for the systemD. Complying with legal regulations答案：A三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）In recent years, telemedicine has become increasingly popular as a means of providing medical care to patients in remoteareas. This approach allows doctors to consult with patients via video conference, 9. which can save both time and money. Telemedicine can also 10. provide access to specialized care that may not be available locally.9. A. therebyB. moreoverC. howeverD. otherwise答案：A10. A. potentiallyB. actuallyC. certainlyD. occasionally答案：A四、翻译（共30分，每题15分）将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。
医学博士考试01-06试题 加详解
2000FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER TWO31.A 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.A 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.B46.D 47.C 48.B 49.A 50.C51.C 52.B 53.D 54.A55.C 56.D 57.D 58.C59.C 60.C 61.D 62.D63.A 64.B 65.D 66.D67.C 68.B 69.C 70.A71.C 72.C 73.C 74.D 75.D2001FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER ONE1.A2.C3.D4.B5.A6.A7.C8.A9.D 10.C 11. PAPER TWO1.C2.C3.A4.B5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C 10.D 11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.D 21.D 22.C 23.A 24.C 25.C 26.C 27.A 28.B 29.A 30.A31.C 32.A 33.B 34.A 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.D 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.B46.C 47.D 48.B 49.D 50.A51.C 52.A 53.A 54.D55.D 56.C 57.A 58.A59.C 60.C 61.D 62.A63.B 64.D 65.D 66.C67.A 68.A 69.D 70.D71.C 72.A 73.C 74.D 75.A2002FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.B2.C3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.C9.B 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.A 21.D 22.D 23.C 24.C 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.B31.B 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D 36.C 37.C 38.C 39.D40.D41.B 42.D 43.D 44.B 45.C 46.D 47.A 48.B 49.A50.B51.B 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.C 56.C 57.C 58.C 59.A60.A61.A 62.D 63.D 64.B 65.A 66.D 67.D 68.A 69.C70.C71.B 72.A 73.A 74.A 75.A 76.B 77.C 78.B 79.C80.D81.C 82.B 83.D 84.D 85.D 86.A 87.B 88.C 89.A 90.D2003FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.A16.C 17.A 18.D 19.D 20.D 21.C 22.D 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.D 27.D 28.B 29.C 30.D31.A 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.A 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.C 40.A 41.A 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.D 46.B 47.D 48.D 49.C 50.A51.B 52.A 53.C 54.A 55.C 56.B 57.A 58.C 59.B60.A61.C 62.B 63.C 64.B 65.C 66.C 67.B 68.D 69.A70.B71.D 72.A 73.D 74.C 75.D 76.B 77.D 78.C 79.C80.A81.A 82.A 83.D 84.C 85.B 86.B 87.C 88.A 89.D 90.B2004年全国医学考博英语试题答案（仅供参考）1.A2.B3.C4.C5.C6.B7.D8.A9.D 10.D11.A 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.A21.A 22.B 23.D 24.C 25.D 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.C31.B 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.B 36.B 37.A 38.B 39.C 40.B41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.D 47.C 48.A 49.D 50.A51.A 52.B 53.D 54.A 55.B 56.C 57.A 58.A 59.B 60.C61.D 62.C 63.B 64.D 65.C 66.D 67.D 68.C 69.D 70.B71.B 72.D 73.B 74.C 75.B 76.B 77.A 78.D 79.A 80.B81.B 82.D 83.C 84.C 85.A 86.B 87.D 88.A 89.A 90.D2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5CACDA6-10CDBCB11-15CADBA16-20DDBCB21-25ABCBD26-30CCDAD31-35CABAA36-40CADAD41-45BACBA46-50ABDCC51-55BACBA56-60ACBCB61-65BCBBC66-70BDABC71-75CACBB76-80CACBB81-85CBACD86-90ADBCC2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案31-40 CDCCB BCBDA41-50 ACACA ACDDB51-60 BCACA AADBC61-70 DDDDA ACABD71-80ACCCC BCAAD81-90DBDBD DDBBC2001part III vocabulary(15%)1.we are all overwhelmed with more facts and information than we can possibly____A.feedB.maintainC.absorbD.consume2.pleasure,or joy, is vital to ____health. vital.生死攸关的, 重大的, 生命的, 生机的, 至关重要的, 所必需的A.optimistic pessimistic悲观的B.optional可选择的, 随意的C.optimal最佳的, 最理想的near optimal近似最佳D.operational3.A ____ effort is required to achieve health.mitted 承担义务的；忠于既定立场的；坚定的B.restrictedposed镇静的, 沉着的D.sophisticated诡辩的, 久经世故的4.A person’s belief ____ and colors his experience.A.contradicts vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触contradict a statement驳斥一项声明contradict oneself自相矛盾B.shapes shape the destiny of决定...的命运C.summarizes概述, 总结, 摘要而言D.exchanges交换, 调换, 兑换, 交流, 交易.exchange experience 交流经验5.Many professors encourage students to question and ____ their idearsA.convey vt.搬运, 传达, 转让I can't convey my feelings in words.我的情感难以言表。
2006医学考博英语统考真题
2006年全国医学考博英语真题31.He ___ the check and deposited it in his account.A.cancelled cancelled v. 取消；作废；解约（cancel的过去分词）adj.取消的conceal [kən'siːl]vt. 隐藏；隐瞒B.endorsed endorse [ɪn'dɔːs; en-]vt. 背书；认可；签署；赞同；在背面签名C.cashed cash [kæʃ]vt. 将…兑现；支付现款n. 现款，现金n. 现款D.endowed endow [ɪn'daʊ; en-]vt. 赋予；捐赠；天生具有32.She claimed that she was denied deny [dɪ'naɪ]vi. 否认；拒绝vt. 否定，否认；拒绝给予；拒绝…的要求admission to admission to:准许 | 进入 | 允许进入the school ___ her raceA.by virtue of 由于，凭借B.in accordance with 依照；与…一致C.with respect to 关于；至于D.on account of 由于；因为；为了…的缘故33.The present is ill.so the secretary will be ___ for him as chairman at the meeting.A.standing up 站着；起立ing up 走近；发生；开始；上升；发芽；被提出C.sitting in列席，旁听；参加；代理D.filling in 填写；填充；替代34.The witness was___ by the judge for failing to 未能answer the questionA.sentenced n. [语][计] 句子，命题；宣判，判决 vt. 判决，宣判B.threatenedC.admonished vt. 告诫；劝告D.jailed n. 监狱；监牢；拘留所 vt. 监禁；下狱35.Publicly,they are trying to ___ this latest failure,but in private 私下地；秘密地they are very worried.A..put off 推迟；扔掉；阻止ugh off 用笑摆脱C.pay off 付清；取得成功；贿赂；报复y off 解雇, 停止工作, 休息, 划出36.It is sheer adj. 绝对的；透明的；峻峭的；纯粹的 adv. 完全；陡峭地___ to be home again and be able to relax.A.prestige n.声望, 威望, 威信B.paradise天堂C.pride n. 自豪；骄傲；自尊心 vt. 使得意，以…自豪D.privacy n. 隐私；秘密；隐居；隐居处37.During rush hour.Downtown streets are ___ with commuters. commuter n.通勤者, 经常往返者A.scattered vi. 分散，散开；散射 vt. 使散射；使散开，使分散；使散播，使撒播n. 分散；散播，撒播B.condensed vi. 浓缩；凝结 vt. 使浓缩；使压缩C.clogged v. 阻塞；障碍 n. 障碍；木底鞋D.dotted adj. 星罗棋布的；有点的 v. 点缀（dot的过去分词）；布满；打点于38.Someone who is in ___ confinement监禁,拘留 is kept alone in a room in prison. condine n. 界限，边界;约束；限制 vt. 限制；禁闭A. precise adj. 精确的；明确的；严格的B.solitary adj. 孤独的；独居的n. 独居者；隐士 solitary confinement 单独拘禁C.remote adj. 遥远的；偏僻的；疏远的 n. 远程D.confidential adj. 机密的；表示信任的；获信任的 confidentiality n. 机密，[计] 机密性 confidence n. 信心；信任；秘密 confident adj. 自信的；确信的39.She is very ___ , and will be able to perpform all require vt. 需要；要求；命令tasks well.A.productive adj. 能生产的；生产的，生产性的；多产的；富有成效的B.flexible adj. 灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的C.sophisticated adj. 复杂的；精致的；久经世故的；富有经验的v. 使变得世故；使迷惑；篡改（sophisticate的过去分词形式）D.versatile adj. 多才多艺的；通用的，万能的；多面手的40.Various adj. 各种各样的；多方面的books and papers are ___ up togethir on her desk.A.jumbled n. 混乱；杂乱的一堆东西vi. 混杂；搀杂vt. 使混乱；搞乱B.tumbled vi. 摔倒；倒塌；滚动；打滚；仓惶地行动vt. 使摔倒；使滚翻；弄乱n. 跌倒；C.bumbled vi. 犯错误；踉跄；结结巴巴地说话vt. 弄糟；搞坏n. 错误D.humbled adj. 谦逊的；简陋的；（级别或地位）低下的；不大的vt.使谦恭；轻松打败（尤指强大的对手）；低声下气Section B41. oblivious adj. 遗忘的；健忘的；不注意的；不知道的42.Sunny periods will be interspersed with occasional adj. 偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的shower.n. 淋浴；（倾泻般出现的）一阵，一大批；阵雨intersperse with.点缀着 intersperse vt. 点缀；散布vi. 点缀；散布A.interruptedB.blockedC.blended vt. 混合vi. 混合；协调n. 混合；掺合物D.intersected intersect vi. 相交，交叉vt. 横断，横切；贯穿43.thrombus n. [病理] 血栓clot vi. 凝结n. [生理] 凝块vt. 使凝结成块44.___ A..B.C.D.45.___ A..B.C.D.46.She kept to her point tenaciously and would not give away. tenacious adj.顽强的 ,坚持地A.persistently坚持的, 百折不挠的; 固执的B.constantly 稳定的，不变的;忠实的，忠贞不渝的C.perpetually 永恒地, 终身地D.vigorously 精神旺盛地47.wit n. 智慧；才智；智力48. I am just fed up with his excuse for not getting his work donefed up with受够了...A.anguished at 使痛苦[苦恼, 悲痛]anguish n. 痛苦；苦恼vt. 使极度痛苦vi. 感到极度的痛苦B.annoyed at be annoyed with sb. at sth.对(某人)为(某事)而生气C.agonized by 烦恼的, 极度痛苦的D.afflicted by使苦恼, 痛苦, 折磨beafflicted with gout害痛风病49. Let’s get out the dictionary and settle this dispute once and for all. 一劳永逸地；彻底地；最后一次A.at the moment 此刻；当时B.at any time 在任何时候C.for a while暂时D.for the last time最后一次50.I was so absorbed in my work that I completely forgot the time.absorbed in 全神贯注于……A.engraved 雕刻B.engrossed 全神贯注的C.enforced 强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强D.enveloped vt. 包围；包封；遮盖n. 信封；包裹完型填空57.A.on the level of 诚实的；可靠的；坦率地；老实说B.in accordance with 依照；与…一致C.by means of 用，依靠D.in view of 考虑到,鉴于Reading comprehensionpassage 21.High-speed高速的Living has become a fact of life无法更改的事实,and the frantic pace 神速(frantic adj. 狂乱的，疯狂的;pace n. 一步；步速；步伐)is taking its toll造成损失，造成伤亡(toll n. 通行费；代价；钟声；伤亡人数vt. 征收；敲钟vi. 鸣钟；征税),according to science writer James Gleick. It’s as if 犹如，好似the old“type A”behavior of a few has expanded into 扩大为the “hurry sickness n. 疾病；呕吐；弊病”of the many.2.“We do feel that we’re more time-driven and time-obsessed受时间驱使和困扰(obsess vt. 迷住，缠住；使…着迷；使…困扰) and generally rushed n. 冲进；匆促；adj.急需的vt.使冲；突袭；匆忙地做飞跃than ever before比以往任何时候更”write Gleick in Faster:The Acceleration of Just About几乎 Everything,a survey n. 调查；测量；审视；纵览 of fast -moving移动迅速的, 情节紧凑动人的culture and its consfequences.We may also be acting more hastily adv. 匆忙地；急速地；慌忙地,losing control, and thinking superficially because we lie faster.3.Technology has conditioned n. 条件；情况；环境；身份vt. 决定；使适应；使健康；以…为条件us to expect vt. 期望；指望；认为；预料instant results.Internet purchases 网络购物 arrive by next-day delivery and the microwave 微波炉delivers a hot meal in minutes.Faxes,e-mails,and cell phones make it plssible—and increasingly obligatory 义务的（=obligate；obligation）—for people to work faster.Gleick cites numerous examples of last-forward changes in our lives:Stock trading股票交易and news cycles are shorter; sound bites（新闻采访的）原声摘要播出of presidential candidates总统候选人 on network newscasts n. 新闻广播restaurants have added express lanes快车道；单向行驶道.4.High expectations for instant service方便的服务 make even the brief adj. 简短的，简洁的；短暂的，草率的n. 摘要，简报；概要，诉书wait for an elevator seem interminable adj. 冗长的；无止尽的. “A go od waiting time is in the neighborhood在附近of 15 seconds.Sometime around 40 seconds,people start to get visibly显然的upset”writes Gleick.We’re dependent on systems that promise speed but often deliver frustration.Like rush-hour高峰时间 drivers fuming when a single accident halts vi. 停止；立定；踌躇，犹豫the evening commute,people surfing the internet网络冲浪 squirm vi. 蠕动，扭动；羞愧，不舒服if a Web page is slow to load or when access itselt is not instantaneous即刻的.And the concept of “customer service”can become an oxymoron(逆喻 a wise fool; cruel kindness)for customers waiting on hold for a telephone representative.电话代表.representative adj. 典型的，有代表性的；代议制的n. 代表；典型；众议员5.Up-tempo快节奏living has turned people multitaskers?-eating while driving,writing an e-mail while talking on the phone,or skimming dozens of television programs on split screen.分区屏幕Gleick suggests that human beings may be capable of adjusting to 调节；调整以适应these new levels of stimuli n. 刺激；刺激物；促进因素（stimulus的复数）as high-speed culture challenges our brains?in a way they were not challenged in the past,except perhaps in times of war?.We may gain the flexibility n. 灵活性；弹性；适应性to do several things at once but lose some of our capacity to focus in depth 深入地；全面地on a single task.66．with living pace getting quicker and quick,the nu mber of those of “Type-A”behavior isA.on the rise 在增加；在上涨B.out of controlC.on the decline 在走下坡路；在衰退中D.under investigation 在调查研究中67．High-speed living brings about the following consequences,exclusive of不包括；除…外.exclusive adj. 独有的；排外的；专一的n. 独家新闻；独家经营的项目；排外者.except of除了…以外；要不是由于A.superficial thinkingB.lose of controlC.waste of timeD.more haste n. 匆忙；急忙；轻率vi. 匆忙；赶紧vt. 赶快68．The best conclusion n. 结论；结局；推论 can be drawn from the 3rd paragraph is thatA.techonlogy is building a fast-moving cultureB.we are living in the age of informationC.economy is booming with technology.boom vt. 使兴旺；发隆隆声vi. 急速发展；发隆隆声n. 繁荣；吊杆；隆隆声D.the frantic pace is taking its toll69．As the author implies,the faster we live,___A.the less we doB.the less patient we areC.the more time we saveD.the more efficiency have70．Living faster and faster,the multitaskers tend___A.to scratch the surface of 只知皮毛a thingB.to do things better at the same timeC.to be flexible with 在…灵活their time schedualsD.to have intense concentration on 注意力集中于…trivial thingspassage 31.Imagine a disease spreading across the globe,killing mostly middle-aged people 中年人or leaving them chronically disabled.vt. 使失去能力；使残废；使无资格.Then one day researchers come up with 提出；想出；赶上 a drug that can prevent some of the disease’s nastier effects.糟糕的影响.You would think the world’s ageing public would be eternally grateful.感激不尽(eternally adv. 永恒地；不朽地)(grateful adj. 感谢的；令人愉快的，宜人的)（nastier 下流的,严重的,难对付的,激烈的（nasty的比较级）2.The disease does exist.vi. 存在；生存；生活；继续存在.It is called tobacco addiction.n. 上瘾，沉溺；癖嗜.(addict n. 有瘾的人；入迷的人vt. 使沉溺；使上瘾).The drug too is real and in animal tests has prevented lung damage that leads to emphysema 肺气肿.But the inventors have received no bouquets恭维话,花束. Prevailing vi. 盛行，流行；战胜，获胜medical opinion seems to be that the drug is a mere sideshow n. 穿插表演；串演的节；小事件,distracting vt. 转移；分心smokers from the task of quitting vt. 离开；放弃；停止；使…解除.Another experimental drug ,which could protect smokers against cancer ,is also viewed with suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑；疑心；一点儿vt. 怀疑because it could give smokers an excuse n. 借口；理由vt. 原谅；为…申4.But this logic is flawed adj.有缺陷的；有瑕疵的；有裂纹的n. 瑕疵，缺点；一阵狂风；短暂的风暴；裂缝，裂纹).Check a survey of smokers and you find two-thirds want to give up and one-third will have tried in the previous year.Yet,even with nicotine gum尼古丁胶姆糖(gum n. 口香糖；树胶；橡皮),patches and drugs to ease the ordeal n.折磨；严酷的考验；痛苦的经验,the quit rate is still under 10 percent.In the UK , the proportion…的比例of people who smoke has not fallen in a decade.Tobacco has a powerful grip n. 紧握；柄；支配；握拍方式；拍柄绷带vt. 紧握；夹紧,and many smoker are caught in 遇到，陷入；淋雨a trap vt. 诱捕；使…受限制；使…陷入困境n. 陷阱；圈套they cannot escape:they have a disease like any other and deserve vi. 应受，应得the chance to reduce the harm it does to them.vi. 吞下；咽下.It certainly leaves,左右为难. They are happylip service to something 口头上承认)methods for reducing harm---of which three are a growing unmber---but they are slow to create policies based upon them.European Union countries,for example,took years to指望,依赖even consider regulating vt. 调节，规定；控制；校准；有系统的管理(regardless adj. 不管；不顾；不注意)the dangerous additives n. 添加剂，食物添加剂；附加剂(addiction.n. 上瘾，沉溺；癖嗜)in cigarettes.6.One fear is that methods for reducing harm will dilute冲淡,变弱,稀释 the message that tobacco kills---especially when given to youngsters.But that message won’t change.In the present case在这件事中；照目前这个情况,even if 即使；虽然both drugs turn out证明是to work in human trials人体试验,they would not protect against all the deadly side effects 副作用of smoking.And the drugs do not have to be free to all.They could be available only on prescription for people who doctors71．The statement “But the inventors have received no bouquets” implies that___A.the drugs have received suspicionB.the inventors just presented vt. 提出；介绍；呈现；赠送vi. 举枪瞄准adj. 现在的；出席的n. 现在；礼物；瞄准 a sideshowC.it will take time for the public to accept the new drugD. the effects of the drug need further test on human trials72．The author argues that ____A.no smoker is expected to succee in quittingB.smokers deserve the harm smoking does to themC.smokers with resolution n. 分辨率；决议；解决；决心to stop smoking need halpD. smokers could succeed with strong resolution to give up73．The author is trying to emphasize that the drugs____A.are aimed at youngstersB.should be available to smokers free of chargeC.will not change the message that tobacco killsD.help regulate vt. 调节，规定；控制；校准the dangerous additives in cigarattes74．The drugs,according to the author,are expected____A.to perform vt. 执行；完成；演奏preventive functions in non-smokersB.to reduce the number of passive smokersC.to enforce the combat vt. 反对；与…战斗against smokingD.all of the above75．we can draw a conclusion 得出结论；作结论from the passage that___A.with innovative drugs smokers can still enjoy personal gratifications满意and stay healthyB.if a drug can save lives,we shouldn’t withhold vt. 保留，不给；隐瞒；抑制vi. 忍住；克制 it without good resaonC.the battle against smoking is far from wonD. there will be a safe way to smokepassage 41.Eating is related to 与…有关emotional as well as physiologic needs.Sucking ,which is the infant’s means of gaining n. 增加；利润；收获vt. 获得；增加；赚到 both food and emotional security ,conditions n. 条件（condition的复数）；情况v. 使习惯于；作为…的条件（condition的第三人称单数形式）the association n. 协会，联盟，社团；联合；联想of eating with well-being n. 幸福；康乐or with deprivation n. 剥夺；损失；免职；匮乏；贫困.If the child is breast-fed adj. 吃母奶的and has supportive adj. 支持的；支援的；赞助的body contact身体接触as well as good mild intake n. 摄取量；通风口；引入口；引入的量,if the child is allowed to suck for as long as he or she desires,and if both the child and the mother enjoy the nursing experience and share their enjoyment,the child is more likely to thrive vi. 繁荣，兴旺；茁壮成长both phgysically and emotionally.On the other hand,if the mother is nervous adj. 神经的；紧张不安的；强健有力的and resents vt. 怨恨；愤恨；厌恶 the child or cuts him her off from the milk supply before either the child’s hunger or sucking need is satisfied,or handle n. [建] 把手；柄；手感；口实vt. 处理；操作；运用；买卖；触摸 the child hostilely 敌对地during the feeding,or props vt. 支撑；维持n. 支柱；支持者 the baby with a bottle rather than holding the child,the child may develop physically but will begin to show signs of emotional disturbance(disturbance n. 干扰；骚乱；忧虑) 情绪困扰 at an early age.If ,in addition另外，此外,the infant is further abused by parental indifference or intolerance,he or she will carry scars n. [医疤痕；创伤（scar的复数形式）；冻结物v. 给…留下伤痕；在…的心灵上留下创伤（scar的第三人称单数形式）of such emotional deprivation throughout life.2.Eating habits are also conditioned by family and other psychosocial environments.If an individual’s family eats large quantities of food,then he or she is inclined to conj. 倾向于…；有意eat large amounts.If an individual’s family eats mainly vegetable,then he or she will be inclined to like vegetables.If mealtime is a happy and significant event有意义事件(significant adj. 重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的n. 象征；有意义的事物),then the will tend to think of eating in those terms.And if a family eats quickly,without caring what is being eaten and while fighting at the dinner table,then the person will most likely adopt the same eating pattern and be adversely adv.不利地；逆地；反对地affected by it.This can remain unchanged through a lifetime unless thethe fact of conditioning and to the possible need for her eating patterns in order to improve nutritional intake.Conditioning spills over into 深入到;渗透到(spill vt. 使溢出，使流出；使摔下vi.溢出，流出；摔下；涌流n.溢出，溅出；溢出量；摔下,小塞子)and is often reinforced vt. 加强，加固；强化；补充vi. 求援；得到增援；给予更多的支持n. 加强；加固物；加固材料 by religious beliefs 宗教信仰and other customs so that ,for example,a Jew,whose religion forbids the eating of pork,might have guilt feeling if he or she ate pork.An older Roman Catholi might be conditioned to feel guilty if he or she eats meat on Ffiday,traditionaly a fish day.76．A well-breast-fed child____A.tends to associated foods with emotionsB.is physiologically and emotionally satisfiedC.cannot have physiologic and emotional problemsD. is more likely to have his or her needs satisfied in the futrue77．while sucking ,the baby is actually___A.conscious of 意识到the impact of breast-feedingB.interacting with 与……相互作用his or her motherC.creating a nursing environmentD. impossible to be abused78．A bottle-fed child___A.can be healthy physiologically adv. 生理学方面,but not emotionally adv. 感情上；情绪上；令人激动地；情绪冲动地B.cannot avoid physiologic abuse throught lifeC.is deprived of emotional needsD. is rid of 摆脱physiological needs79．From the list of eating habits,we learn that____A.everyone follows his or her eating pattern to deathB.one’s eating pattern varies with his or her personalityC.there is no such things as psychosocial environmentsD.everyone is born into a conditioned eating environment80．A Jew or an older Roman Catholic___A.takes an eating habit as a religious beliefB.is conditioned to feel guilty of eating pork in his or her familyC.cannot have a nutritional eating habit conditioned by religion beliefsD.observes遵守an eating pattern conditioned by his or her psychosocial environmentPassage 51.Several classes of bitter 苦的citrus compound vt. 合成；混合；和解妥协；搀合vi. 和解；妥协n. [化学] 化合物；混合物；复合词adj. 复合的；混合的 have looked promising adj. 有希望的，有前途的v.许诺，答应（promise的现在分词形式）as anticancer agents 抗癌药,抗癌剂(agent,n.代理人；药剂；特工vt.由…作中介；由…代理adj.代理的)in laboratory tests. A new study indicates v.表明；指示，显示that long-term consumption n. 消费；消耗；肺痨 of orange juice.A source of such chemicals cuts cancer risk in rats.2.In test-tube adj.人工授精的；在试验管中作成的n. 试管；试验管；人工受精(tube n. 管；电子管；隧道；电视机vt.使成管状；把…装管；用管输送vi.乘地铁；不及格)studies, one class of the bitter compounds-flavonoids类黄酮-has inhibited vt.抑制；禁止the growth of breast cancer 乳腺癌cells.Related studies showed that bitter citrus柑桔 limonoids similarly adv.同样地；类似于 ward off 避开；挡住cancer in animals.Mulling深思 over such data(mull sth. over (=mull over sth.)反复考虑某事),Maurice R Bennink of Michigan State University in East Lansing wondered n. 惊奇；奇迹；惊愕vi. 怀疑；想知道；惊讶vt. 怀疑；惊奇；对…感到惊讶adj. 奇妙的；非凡的whether drinking orange juice would have a beneficial effect.3.His team injected 60 young rats with a chemical that causes colon cancer and then raised half of the animals on a normal diet.The others received orange juice instead of drinking water-and less sugar in their food to compensate for 弥补…；赔偿…(compensate vi. 补偿，赔偿；抵消vt. 补偿，赔偿；付报酬)sugars in the juice.4.At an American Institute for Cancer Research meeting last week in WashingtonD.C.. Bennink reported that after 7 months 22 of the animals receiving a normaldiet had developed colon cancers.Only 17 of the rats on the orange-juice diet showed tumors.That’s 77 percent of the control group’s incidence n. 发生率；影响；[光] 入射；影响范围(incident 事件，事变；插曲).5.Concludes结论Bennink,whose work was supported by orange-juice producer Tropicana products of Brandenton,Fla…“These data show orange juice helps protect against cancer”,He says that the study might also apply to 适用于；应用于breast,prostate adj. 前列腺的n. [解剖] 前列腺,and lung cancers.6.Bandaru S.Reddy of the American Health Foundation美国健康基金会in Valhalla.N.Y.,was not surprised by Bennink’s finding of an orange juice benefit.However,he calls the reported risk reduction unimpressive adj. 无印象的；给人印象不深的；不惹人注意的,his own data show that citrus limonoids protect against chemically induced colon cancer in lab animals.7.Luke K. T. Lam of LDT Laboratories in St. Paul,Minn.,finds Bennink’s data“quite interesting.” although he describes as描述为“borderline”n. 边界线，边界；界线adj. 边界的；暧昧的 the suppression n.抑制；镇压；[植]压抑 of cancer incidence observed vt. 庆祝vt. 观察；遵守；说；注意到；评论vi. 观察；说；注意到；评论by m has inhibited vt. 抑制；禁止 tumors in the lung,skin and forestomach of mice n. 老鼠（mouse的复数）with limonoinds.8.The scientists don’t know what compounds in or ange juice underlie vt. 成为……的基础；位于……之下its effect.The juice is rich in one limonoid-a sugar-containing version n.版本；译文of limonin柠檬苦素,which suppressed vt. 抑制；镇压；废止tumors in Lam’s rich in one experiments.It’s possible,Lam speculates vi. 推测；投机；思索vt. 推断,that rats convert vt. 使转变；转换…；使…改变信仰vi. 转变，变换；皈依；改变信仰n. 皈依者；改变宗教信仰者the juice’s limonoid into limonin.9.Indeed adv. 的确；实在；真正地；甚至,argues vi.争论,辩论；提出理由vt. 辩论，争论；证明；说服Gary D,Manners of the Agricultural Research Service in Albany,Calif..“there is no doubt that th ese anticancer citus compounds are bioavailable 生物及生物药效应的in animals to the site of a cancer.The question remains whether they are similiarly available adj. 可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的in people”. To find out,his team will soon begin measuring the human boy’s uptake n. 摄取；领会；举起of limonoids from orange juice.81.what made Bennink hypothesize vt. 假设，假定the protetive effect of orange juice?A.The wide consumption of the fruitsB.the citrus limonoids of the fruitsC.His own personal experience.D His promising adj. 有希望的，有前途的v.许诺，答应（promise的现在分词形式）research82.which of the following is true of the results of Bennink’s study?A.only eitht rats of the control group showed tumorsB.thirteen rats of the test guoup failed to show tumorsC.seventy-seven percent of the test group did not show tumorsD.only thirty-three percent of the control group showed tumors83.It can be inferred from the passage that Bennink___A.won much financial support 财务支援，财政支援with his unexpected results.B.had a commercial intention in the first placeC.tried to please orange-juice manufacturersD.found a right sponsor n. 赞助者；主办者；保证人vt. 赞助；发起84.Both Reddy and Lam___A.seemed to be surprisingly impressed by Bennink’s findingsB.did not seem to be surprised by Bennink’s findingsC.did not seem to believe in the orange juice benefitD.seemed to be doubtful of Bennink’s findings85.From the passage we can learn that scientists are still in the dark about___A.the substance n. 物质；实质；资产；主旨that supprisses tumorsB.the existence n.存在，实在；生存，生活；存在物，实在物of bioavability in the human bodyC.the uptake of limonoids from orange-juice in peopleD.the bioavailability生物利用率, 生物有效度of citrus compounds in the human body.passage 61.Just before dawn 凌晨；黎明前；拂晓we received a call that an unresponsive adj. 反应迟钝的；无反应的infant was being brought by emergency medical services 紧急医疗服务to our hospital.As the medical team--the pediatric adj.小儿科的resident,intern,respiratory therapist呼吸治疗师,nurse,and me---prepared for the incoming patient,an eerie adj. 可怕的；怪异的silence enveloped vt. 包围；包封；遮盖n. 信封；包裹the trauma外伤room,an event that frequently precedes vt. 领先，在…之前；优于，高于a pediatric resuscitation n. 复苏；复兴；复活.(cardiopulmonary-resuscitation 心肺复苏)2.The child arrived in our emergency department pulseless and cold,with compressions n. 胸部按压（compression的复数）(compression n. 压缩，浓缩；压榨，压迫)being performed on him in the arms of the paramedic护理人员,Further history obtained by the paramedics indicated that the mother had left the infant alone in the home with two young children to watch.The child ,and upon her return the infant was found in bed not breathing and cold,As a medical team we simultaneously adv. 同时地performed multiple procedures,(intubation插管,insertion oflines,administration of epinephrine肾上腺素,cardiac compression心脏按压)完全无用; 徒然; 无效地; 毫无效果,无济于事.this 2-months-old child dead with a high suspicion of abuse of neglect.Everyone vacated vi.空出，腾出；辞职；休假the room almost immediately ,expcept for the nurse,who never left the child’s beside.I asked her why the needed to stay,and she looked at me and smiled,“why of course ,to be with my patient a little bit longer.”3.I knew the difficult part was yet no come;telling the family the bad news .The mother was still at home being interviewed n. 接见，采访；面试，面谈vt. 采访；接见；对…进行面谈；对某人进行面试by the police.The father had arrived from his place of employment to the emergency department minutes after death was pronounced vt. 发音；宣判；断言vi. 发音；作出判断and not knowing the condition of his son.4.The father and I sat with chaplain n. 牧师；专职教士to explain what we had done for the babyt.I could tell from the stunned vt. 使震惊；打昏；给以深刻的印象n. 昏迷；打昏；惊倒；令人惊叹的事物look on his face that he knew before I finished my2006年全国医学考博英语真题story that his child was dead despite this I said in muffled vt. 蒙住；裹住；抑制；发低沉的声音n. 低沉的声音；消声器；包裹物（如头巾，围巾等）；唇鼻部voice.“I am sorry your child passed away去世；停止；度过时间.”5.We walked slowly back to the resuscitation room复苏室.The infant,who only moments ago lay covered with blood and secretions n. 分泌；分泌物；藏匿；隐藏oozing from从伤口渗出every orifice孔,口,had been transformed.The nurse had left her patient,tending to him,cleaning him ,wrapping in把…包在…里，遮蔽，使陷于soft blankets,and now presenting the body to the grieving vt. 使悲伤，使苦恼vi. 悲痛，哀悼fathet.He seemed relieved vt. 解除，减轻；使不单调乏味；换…的班；解围；使放心to see his baby,no alive,surely but at peace and thus the man could begin in the mourning process.I tend to the busy emergency department;seeingadj. 钝的，不锋利的；生硬的；直率的vt. 使迟钝my emotional I listen to a resident present the next case,I saw the nurse carry the blanketed body of the child to the morgue 停尸房.虑,反省段情节\插曲,I realized that ouradj. 无用的；无效的；没有出息的；琐细[动]停止（arrest vt. 逮捕；阻止；吸引n. 逮捕；监禁）.But it was the compassionate work of the nurse that ultimately adv. 最后；根本；基本上made the difference in how we performed our job.86.Not until the pediatric resuscitation was over___A.did the paramedics find the infant unresponsiveB.was the infant left alone in the emergency roomC. was the infant’s further history obtainedD. was the infant declared to dead87.Thanks to the nurse,___A.the grieving father could see his baby finallyB.the medical team performed all the proceduresC.the grieving father arrive at the hospital in timeD.the baby was presented at peace to the grieving father88.when she saw the nurse carry blanketed body of the baby to morgue,the physiciaan must have been___A.blunted adj. 钝的，不锋利的；生硬的；直率的vt. 使迟钝B.movedC.puzzledD.all of the above89.what the nurse did when the resuscitation was over reflects___A.the awareness of 意识到law suitB.the human aspect of medicineC.a neglect of duty 玩忽职守；失职；过失责任in medical practiceD.the lack of promptness n. 机敏，敏捷；迅速the procedure 程序，过程90.The physician may do as the nurse did___A.to appreciate nuring careB.to cherish medical professionC.to embody vt. 体现，使具体化；具体表达medical compassionD.to improve pediatric resuscitations。
2006年考研英语参考答案及详细解答(4)
2006年考研英语参考答案及详细解答(4) Part B本部分内容请参见Part B（二）答案解析及参考译文Part C篇章导读本文的中心内容为如何改进公众对科学研究的认识。
文章首先提出了虽然不同领域间的相互受益在科学界被广为认同，但公众却不清楚这一事实，之后阐述了改进公众对科学认识的时机已经成熟并讲述了如何提高公众对科学研究的认识，最后作者以农业为例，说明了其它学科领域的研究对生物医学进步所起的作用。
思路解析46.本句的句子主干结构为“……the scientific community could build a more effective case for public support of all science……”，其中“Because……is strong”为because引导的原因状语从句，“by articulating……”为方式状语，在该方式状语中how引导“articulate”的宾语从句。
47.本句的句子主干结构为“……we can work to enhance public appreciation of scientific research……”，其中“by showing……”为方式状语，在该方式状语中how引导“show”的宾语从句。
48.本句为简单句。
句子的主干结构为“……it may appear to have made few significant contributions to biomedicaladvances……”，在该句中“related to human nutrition”为形容词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的“those.”49.本句的主句为“it was……that”的强调句型，其中“at the turn of the century”为时间状语，该时间状语包含一个when引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的“the turn of the century”，该定语从句为连词and连接的并列结构。
湖南师范大学考博英语真题2006答案解析
湖南师范大学考博英语真题2006答案解析PartⅠReading ComprehensionPassage 11.答案A解析：文章论述的是basic research 和applied research,即基础研究和应用研究。
应用研究就是将基础研究应用于实际的应用中，以创造更多的利益。
所以A中x-rays used in medicine researches 意为将X射线用于医学研究中，属于应用研究的范围。
而另外从第一段的第四行的understanding of the structure of the atom or the nerve cell……… the scope is staggerin g.这一句话是在讲述basic research的范围，B、C、D均属于基础研究的范畴。
故A为答案。
2.答案A解析：从第一段的第四行的understanding of the structure of the atom or the nerve cell………the scope is staggerin g中可知属于basic research 的研究很多，很混乱。
故A 中confusing令人困后的符合文意。
BCD选项的意思分别为令人惊讶的、高兴地、迷人的，均不符合文意。
故A 为答案3.答案C解析：由第二段的内容：which is far more concerned with applied aspects because these profits quickly可知答案为C4.答案C解析：从第二段中the funds the U.S. government allots to basic research currently amount to about seven percent of its overall research and development funds,可知美国政府花在基础研究的的经费很少，重心也不在基础研究上，故C为答案。
全国医学博士英语统考真题及答案版
2016年全国医学博士英语统考答案Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A1. B. At three next Wednesday.2. B. A piercing pain.3. A. He is going to get married.4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more.5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him.6. B. It's wise to be prepared.7. B. He is a trouble-maker.8. D. $309. C. Work out in the gym.10. B. 23211. A. Mary isn't his type.12. A. Play tennis.13. C. In the hospital.14. A. She is seriously ill.15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady.Section BDialogue16. A. A duodenal ulcer.17. B. Try medical means.18. A. Overweight.19. C. He is a heavy smoker.20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks.Passage One21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity.22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men.23. B. In their 60s and 70s.24. D. Iron.25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity.Passage Two26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty.27. B. He is an investment advisor.28. D. Fear.29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.30. C. Where there is a will, there is a way.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Employers have a legal obligation to pay _______ to their workers for injuries.A. compensationB. compromiseC. commodityD. consumptionKey: A32. The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to _________.A. alleviateB. aggravateC. extinguishD. interveneKey: D33. But despite a ll the legal hustle and bustle, they don’t actually expect to_______ death sentences to life terms without parole.A. induceB. convertC. reviveD. swerveKey: B34. To maintain physical well-being, a person should eat _______ food and get sufficient exercise.A. integralB. grossC. wholesomeD. intactKey: C35. The Central Government’s pledge to maintain the ______ and stability of Hong Kong at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.A. provisionB. prosperityC. privilegeD. preferenceKey: B36. It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that “their lives will not be ______ as a result of bed shortages.”A. facilitatedB. forfeitedC. fulfilledD. furnishedKey: B37. The cause of his death has been a mystery and _______ unknown so far.A. exclusivelyB. superficiallyC. utterlyD. doubtfullyKey: C38. It is known that some ways of using resources _______ can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.A. recklesslyB. sparinglyC. sensiblyD. incrediblyKey: A39. Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through ______ water.A. filteredB. distilledC. contaminatedD. purifiedKey: C40. We welcome him not ____________ as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.A. by the wayB. at all eventsC. by no meansD. in any senseKey: CSection B41. scrutinyA. sanctionB. restrictionC. censusD. examination Key: D42. potentA. inexpensiveB. powerfulC. conventionalD. lethalKey: B43. at odds withA. in tune withB. in favor ofC. for the sake ofD. in disagreement withKey: D44. eminentA. renownedB. notoriousC. popularD. mysteriousKey: A45. diversityA. sevrityB. reliablilityC. varietyD. specificityKey: C46. lapseA. errorB. sinC. guiltD. offenseKey: A47. jaundiceA. grievanceB. sympathyC. jealousyD. indignationKey: C48. to little availA. by no meansB. in vainC. of no accountD. at stake Key: B49. lavishlyA. fearlesslyB. conspicuouslyC. wastefullyD. ferociously Key: C50. progressionA. deteriorationB. accumulationC. expansionD. promotion Key: APart III Cloze (10%)51. A. careful about B. capable of C. accessible to D. susceptible to Key: B52. A. in the event B. in an attempt C. at the moment D. along the wayKey: D53. A. exclusive B. very C. just D. exactKey: A54. A. indeed B. however C. moreover D. thereforeKey: B55. A. demonstration B. dimension C. destiny D. determinationKey: C56. A. has been said B. being said C. was said D. is saidKey: B57. A. more or less B. pretty much C. as ever D. if anyKey: B58. A. while B. despite C. nevertheless D. sinceKey: C59. A. case B. mold C. sense D. conditionKey: C60. A. different B. similar C. insufficient D. significantKey: DPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage One61. To have a journey of discovery witheach child, according to the passage, is_____________.A. to discover their unique sleep-wakecycles62. In the first paragraph, the authorsuggests that parents ____________.D. keep a diary on sleep pattern for theirchil63. When there exists a “marker” in the child according to the passage, __________.A. it might lead to his or her earlysubstance use64. What is the author trying to tell us inthethird paragraph?B. Sometimes parents need to seek professionalassistance.65. What is the main idea of the passage?C. Parents’ role in building their child’shealthy sleeping habit.Passage Two66. The study's results indicated_____________.A. health disparities between English andAmerican senior citizens67. Which of the following is uniquehealth-care challenge for English senior citizens when compared with theirAmerican counterparts?A. higher death rate.68. What does James Smith imply by anAmerican plate?C. large portion of food consumed byAmericans.69. The Americans' unique health-carechallenge, according to James Smith, is derived form ______________.D. their unhealthy lifestyle factors70. Even though it is much more aggressive,the American medicine __________.B. benefits more seniors who needmedicalcare.Passage Three71. The current PIK study ___________.B. was based on the global land-use models72. As the PIK results imply, it ispossible ____________.”D. to return to the emission levels around199573. Simply put, to produce and consume lessmeat and dairy is to __________.A. to reduce more methane and nitrous oxideemissions74. The greenhouse gas pie tellsus__________.C. the priorities in the environmentalprotection75. What can be the best title forthepassage?D. Diet for a Healthier PlanetPassage Four76. What can be said of Henry?C. His life was improved with telehealth.77. Henry activates his daily healthmanagement __________.B. By getting hooked up to themonitoringdevices78. As one of the pioneering patients,Henry __________.A. receives the most benefits fromtelehealth79. What is the most important about thetelehealth technology in the case of Henry?D. His condition can be kept undercontinuous surveillance at home.80. Thanks to the telehealth technologyHenry knows for sure his blood oxygen level, thus__________.C. getting hospitalized in no timePassage Five81. Rappaport argues that a major threat toour human health __________.A. lies in our exposome82. What can be said of the exposomeaccording to Rappaport?D. Changeable.83. Speaking of genes, Rappaport wouldsaythat __________.B. there is no such a thing aspredictivemedicine.84. Even though we cannot pinpoint theexact impact of environmental influences. Wild contends that __________.C. each of us leaves a unique exposurehistory in the environment85. Particularly important, according toNicholson, is the time when __________.C. the exposome comes inPassage Six86. The author cries for a changein____________.D. global science publishing87. According to the author, the lowinternational recognition and impact of scientists in the developing countriescan be attributed to __________.C. their limited publications in globalindexing databases88. The survey conducted by Tijssenjustified the author's view that __________.D. most scientists in developing countriesremain marginalized in global science publishing89. To address the current situation, theauthor argues that it is imperative that __________.D. quality and quantity be desired in thelocal journals90. Which of the following can be the besttitle for the passage?C. Globalizing Science Publishing作文的标题：The Cultivation and Development of General Practitioner。
医学考博英语统考真题
2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen shortconversations between two speakers. At the end of eachconversation, you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once. After you hear thequestion, read the four possible answers marked A, B, Cand D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of yourchoice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She was bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1.A.To do some experiments.B.To attend a class.C.To review his lessons.D.To take a test.2.A.In a hotel.B.In the hospital.C.In the prison.D.At the airport.3.A.He got an ulcer in his stomach.B.He got hurt in the soccer game.C.He will be discharged soon.D.He got his tumor removed.4.A.She told a lie so as not to hurt Jimmy.B.She felt because she had a headache.C.She hurt Jimmy by telling him a lie.D.She slept off her headache.5.A.His new car is not fast enough.B.His new car moves very fast.C.His new car is a real bargain.D.His new car is somewhat of a financial burden.6.A.Get more time to relax.B.Take some tranquillizers.C.Seek a second opinion.D.Avoid her responsibilities.7.A.He got a headache while establishing the institute.B.He had a hard time getting the institute started.C.Everything was OK at the beginning.D.It is impossible to open such an institute in Seoul. 8.ExcitedFrustratedAnnoyedRelieved9.Each class lasts an hour.The class is meeting in an hour and a half.The class meets four hours and a half per week.The class meets for half an hour three times a week.10.A.The woman was a good skier.B.The woman couldn’t ski.C.The woman didn’t intend to go skiing.D.The woman didn’t like Swiss.11.A.She’s an insurance agent.B.She’s an insurance client.C.She’s a bank clerk.D.She’s a driver.12.A.He tripped over some crutches.B.He had rheumatism in his legs.C.He sprained his foot.D.He broke his leg.13.A.The vacation is almost gone.B.The vacation has just started.C.They are prepared for the new semester.D.They can’t wait for the new semester.14.A.She was knocked down by a feather.B.She is shamed of Larry.C.She was really surprised.D.She was proud of Larry.15.A.To visit his son.B.To perform an operation.C.To have an operation.D.To send his son for an operation.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question,read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choosethe best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Passage One16.A.A pharmacist.B.A visitor.C.A physician.D.A dieter.17.A.Cough.B.Diarrhea.C.Headache.D.Stomach upset.18.A.Pain-killers.B.Cough syrup.C.Antidiarrheas.D.Indigestion tablets.19.A.The cold weather.B.Tiredness caused by traveling.C.The strange food he had eaten.D.The greasy food he had eaten.20.A.Take the medicine from the woman.B.G to see a specialist.C.Stop eating and drinking for a few days.D.Stay in bed for a couple of days. Passage Two21.A.Headaches.B.Insomnia.C.Respiratory problems.D.Digestive problems.22.A.On Monday in Edinburgh.B.On Wednesday in Edinburgh.C.On Monday at Staffordshire University.D.On Wednesday at Staffordshire University.23.A.94B.44C.130D.13524.A.The subjects were asked to write of their free will.B.The subjects were asked to write in a systematic way.C.The subjects were asked to say how often they made entries.D.The subjects were asked if they had written down anythingtraumatic.25.A.The diarists who write of their free will.B.The diarists who were students at Staffordshire UniversityC.The diarists who had written about trauma.D.The non-diarists who were susceptible to headaches. Passage Three26.A.A brief history of British pubs.B.Beer-the British national drink.C.Various attempts made to curb drinking in Britain.D.The frustrating opening and closing hours of British pubs.27.A.As early as 659 AD.B.After 659 AD.C.Before the Roman invasion.D.After the Roman invasion.28.A.To restrict drinking hours.B.To restrict travelers to certain drinks.C.To encourage the locals to drink in other towns.D.To encourage inns to lodge various kinds of people.29.A.People were better off.B.The government failed to persuade people from drinking.C.There appeared a new cheap drink.D.Drinkers had found various ways to get around the laws.30.A.The licensing hours have been extended.B.Old people are not allowed to drink in pubs.C.Children are not allowed yet to drink in pubs.D.Big changes have taken place in pubs.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D, are given beneatheach of them. You are to choose the word or phrase thatbest completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on theANSWER SHEET.31. The doctor gave him an injection in order to _______the pain.A.alleviateB. aggregateC. abolishD. allocate32. His broken arm healed well, but she died of the pneumonia whichfollowed as a ______.A. complementB. complimentC. complexionD. complication33. Unfortunately, our vacation plans_______on account of transport strikes.A fell back B. fell thoughC. fell uponD. fell to34. The ________climate of Hawaii attracts visitors from all over the world every year.A. genialB. frigidC. genuineD. foul35. This is the_______in which the organism lives most effectively.A. optimumB. optionC. ordealD. orbitdoctor suggests that a good holiday in the country should _____him____nicely after his operation.A. set…outB. set…upC. set…offD. set…aside37. His behavior was so _____ that even the merciful people could not forgive him.A. uniqueB. unconventionalC. brutalD. brilliantyour present job until you can get a better one.A. Hang aboutB. Hang backC. Hang behindD. Hang on39. Suffering from his leg illness, Tom is very _____nowadays.A. emaciatedB. eligibleC. elasticD. exceptional40. He saved some money for artistic________such as fine paintings.A. donationsB. profitsC . luxuries D. luresSection BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath eachsentence. Choose the word or phrase which can best keepthe meaning of the original sentence if it is substitutedfor the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET.41. It has been proved that the chemical is lethal to rats but safe for cattle.A. fatalB. reactiveC. uniqueD. vital42. To their surprise, she has been nominated as candidate for the Presidency.A. recognizedB. definedC. appointedD. promoted43. We cannot look down upon our opponent, who is an experienced swimmer.A. playerB. competitorC. refereeD. partner44. She is regarded as a good nurse in that she attends to patients without any complaint.A. sees throughB. looks overC. takes inD. cares for45. It is well known that the minimum penalty for this crime is 2 years’ imprisonment.A. convictionB. spanC. mercyD. punishment46. The whole area of the national and local governments tried towipe out rats to prevent the spread of disease.A. exterminateB. dominateC. determinateD. contaminate47. All the students are afraid of him since he is always severe with them.A. vigorousB. rigorousC. vigilantD. rigid48. The biggest engineering project that they undertook was encumbered by lack of funds.A. cancelledB. condensedC. hamperedD. haunted49. In order to be a successful diplomat you must be enthusiastic and magnetic.A. arrogantB. industriousC. zealousD. attractive50. He is successful as a doctor because of his dynamic personality,he seems to have unlimited energy.A. meticulousB. vigorousC. aggressiveD. arbitraryPart III Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of yourchoice on the ANSWER SHEET.Many Canadians enjoy the luxury of a large amount of living space. Canada is vast, and the homes are large according to the standards of many counties. Even___51__inner cities do not reach the extremes found in other parts of world.Canadians appreciate the space and value their privacy. Since families are generally small, many Canadian children enjoy the luxury of their own bedroom. Having more than one bathroom in a house is also considered a modern __52__.Many rooms in Canadian homes have specialized functions. “Family rooms” are popular features in modern houses; these are __53__, “living rooms” since many living rooms have become reserved for entertaining. Some homes have formal and informal dining areas, __54__.Recreational homes are also popular__55___ Canadians. Some Canadians own summer homes, cottages, or camps. These may __56__ from a small one-room cabin to a luxurious building that rivals the comforts of the regular residence. Some cottages are winterized foryear-round use. Cottages offer people the chance to “get away from it all.” They are so popular that summer weekend traffic jams are common, especially in large cities such as Toronto, where the number of people leaving town on Friday night and returning Sunday might __57__the highways for hours.Sometimes, living in Canada means not only having privacy, but also being isolated. Mobility has become a part of modern life; people often do not live in one place long enough to __58__ to know their neighbors. Tenants live their own lives in their apartments or townhouses. Even in private residential areas, where there is some ___59___, neighborhood life is not as close-knit as it once was. There seems to be __60__ of a communal spirit. Life today is so hectic that there is often little time.51. A. spacious B. crowded C. remote D. deserted52. A. convenience B. comfort C. architecture D. taste53. A. in common B. in particular C. in chief D. in fact54. A. either B. as well C. in turn D. instead55. A. to B. in C. with D. for56. A. transform B. convert C. range D. shift57. A. blocks B. halts C. cuts off D. keeps off58. A. become B. come C. get D. grow59. A. stability B. mobility C. reality D. tranquility60. A. bit B. much C. more D. lessPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there arefour possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the bestone and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage OneThe popular idea that classical music can improve your maths is falling form favor. New experiments have failed to support the widely publicized finding that Mozart’s music promotes mathematical thinking.Researchers reported six years age that listening to Mozart brings about short-tem improvements in spatial-temporal reasoning, the type of thinking used in maths. Gordon Shaw of the University of California at Irvine and Frances Rauscher of the University of Wisconsin in Oshkosh had asked students to perform spatial tasks such as imagining how a piece of paper would look if it were folded and cut in a certain pattern.Some of the students then listened to a Mozart sonata and took the test again. The performance of the Mozart group improved, Shawfound. He reasoned that listening to Mozart increases the number of connections between neurons.But Kenneth Steele of Appalachian State University in North Carolina learnt that other studies failed to find this effect. He decided to repeat one of Shaw’s experiments to see for himself.Steele divided 125 students into three groups and tested their abilities to work out how to paper would look if cut and folded. One group listened to Mozart, another listened to a piece by Philip Glass and the third did not listen to anything. Then the students took the test again.No group showed any statistically significant improvement in their abilities. Steele concludes that the Mozart effect doesn’t exist. “It’s about as unproven and as unsupported as you can get.”he says.Shaw, however, defends his study. One reason he gives is that people who perform poorly in the initial test get the greatest boost from Mozart, but Steele didn’t separate his students into groups based on ability. “We’re still at the stage where it needs to be examined.” Shaw says. “I suspect that the more we understand the neurobiology, the more we’ll be able to design tests that give a robust effect.”61. It has been recently found out that _________A.Mozart had an aptitude of music because of his mathematicalthinkingB.classical music cannot be expected to improve one’s mathC.the effects of music on health are widely recognizedD.music favors one’s mathematical thinking62. Which of the following pairs, according to the widely publicized finding, is connected?A.Paper cutting and spatial thinkingB.The nature of a task and the type of thinkingC.Classical music and mathematical performanceD.Mathematical thinking and spatial-temporal reasoning63. In Shaw’s test, the students would most probably_______A.draw the image of the cut paperB.improve their mathematical thinkingC.have the idea about classical music confirmedD.increase the number of neurons in their brains64. From Steele’s experiment we say that_______.A.his hypothesis did not get proven and supportedB.it was much more complicated than Shaw’sC.the result were statistically significantD.Shaw’s results were not repeatable65. Shaw is critical of _________A.Steele’s results presented at a wrong stageB.Steele’s wrong selection of the testeesC.Steele’s ignorance of neurobiologyD.Steele’s test designPassage TwoLong-suffering couples take heart. There is a good reason for those endless arguments in the front of the car: men and women use different parts of the brain when they try to find their way around, suggesting that the strategies they use might also be completely different.Matthias Riepe and his colleagues at the University of Ulm in Germany asked 24 healthy volunteers---half of them men, half women---to find their way out of three virtual-reality mazes displayed on video goggles. Meanwhile, the researchers monitored the volunteer s’ brain activity using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. This showed that men and women called on strikingly different brain areas to complete the task. “I didn’t expect it to be so dramatic,” says Riepe.Previous students have been shown that woman rely manly on landmarks to find their way. Men use these cues too, but they also use geometric cues, such as the angle and shape of a wall or a corner. Such studies also suggest that men navigate their way out of unfamiliar spaces more quickly, as Riepe found in his study, too.Riepe discovered that both men and women used parts of the parietal cortex towards the top of the brain, the right side of the hippocampus and a few other well-established areas to find their way out. Neuroscientists think that the parietal regions help translate what the eyes see into information about where the body is in space, while the hippocampal region helps progress how objects are arranged.But other regions seemed to be exclusively male or female. The men engaged the left side of their hippocampus, which the researchers say could help with assessing geometry or remembering whether they have already visited a location. The women, by contrast, recruited their right frontal cortex. Riepe says this may indicate that they were using their “working memory”, trying to keep in mind the landmarks they had passed.“It fits very well with the animal studies,” says Riepe. He points out that there seem to be similar differences in rats. For example, damage to the frontal lobe will impair a female’s sense of direction, but not a male’s.66. The studies on the driving issue have evolved__________A.from the car to the driverB.from the reality to the virtual –realityC.from the physical cues to the parts of the brainD.from the cues of navigation to the strategies of driving67. The different parts of the brain men and women use to find theirway around, according to the passage, refer to________A.the left side of the hippocampus and the right frontal cortexB.the right and left side of their hippocampuses respectivelyC.the right and left hemisphere of their brains respectivelyD.the parietal cortex and the hippocampus as a whole68. The part of the brain women use may help explain whythey____________.e geometric cues to navigateB.have a better memory than menC.rely mainly on landmarks to find their waysD.behave less aggressively than men in driving69. The reason for the differences in the sexes, according to Riepe,could be ___________A.the environmental factorB.the psychological factorC.the innate factorD.all of the above70. Which one of the following questions did the studies answer?A.How do women and men drive differently?B.How can we detect the brain activities during driving?C.Why do men and women argue over which route to take?D.Why does the damage to the frontal lobe impair the sense ofdirection?Passage ThreeWork has left you frazzled. Your legs ache when you get back from the gym…don’t pop those aspirins just yet. Think hot springs. Cranking up a hot tub and hopping in is a actural remedy that can provide significant relief from physical pain and stress.There are more than three million home spas in the U.S. today. There are numerous reasons spas have made the move from the decks of Hollywood producers to the back yards of middle America. Spas help reduce the effect of stress on your body, assist in muscle recovery after the stress of exercise, and help heal muscles near arthritic joints.There ate three elements to hydrotherapy that, in tandem, provide these healing effects on the body: heat, buoyancy, and motion. When you exercise, your muscles develop thousands of microscopic tears which result in painful lactic acid build-up in the muscle tissue. Hydrotherapy’s motion and warmth cause blood vessels to dilate, lowering blood pressure and speeding the flow of oxygen, endorphins, and cell-repairing nutrients to injured muscles. Additionally, buoyancy of the water reduces the strain on your knees and joints which allow the surrounding muscles to relax. This can be of crucial help to arthritis sufferers, because when joints are inflamed, thesurrounding muscles become tense to protect them. Relaxing in a spa then makes your muscles more limber and reduces the pain. Water’s healing potential has long been known.We don’t tend to associate intelligence with our bodies, yet as Thomas Edison said, “Great ideas originate in the muscles.”Radical psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich believed that many of us inhibit or deny impulses, feelings, traumas, and stresses by tightening our muscles and creating a kind of “body armor.” He felt that as you cut off the source of pain, you also cut off the source of pleasure. By loosening body armor, by letting muscles relax, you can return to a feeling of flow and creativity.Few things can relax the body more than a home spa. And a relaxed body leads to a relaxed mind. There is no better place to start relaxing than an hour in your home hot springs.71. To begin with, what does the author insist we avoid doing?A.Undergoing physical pain and stress.B.Taking aspirin tablets.C.Going to the gym.D.Relaxing in a spa.72. What does the second sentence in the second paragraph implies?A.The origin of spas.B.The popularity of hot springs.C.The flux of people to mid America.D.The spas as a luxury only for the rich.73. After the stress of exercise, the injured muscles____A.will lead to arthritisB.contain plenty of microscopic tearsC.can cause blood pressure to declineD.will boost the production of cell-repairing nutrients74. The author contends that our creativity______A.can be enforced by the ‘body armor”B.does not occur in mind but in the musclesC.can be hampered with our muscles tightenedD.is good only when we are free of mental an d physical stress75. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.Spas, the Best RelaxationB.A Brief History of Spas.C.Spa Resorts in the USAD.Soak Away StressPassage FourConvincing the public to follow health advice can be tough and time-consuming. This may be why changes to health messages are often fiercely resisted by those whose job is to get the advice across. So, for example, the suggestion that smokers who cannot quit should reduce their exposure to harm by switching to chewing tobacco met with extreme opposition.A still more ferocious debate is emerging over the health impact of sunshine. For the past 20years, advice on sunlight has come from dermatologists who rightly warn people to cover up when they venture outside for fear of developing skin cancer. But evidence from researchers in other fields now suggests that short periods in the sun without protection—sometimes as little as a few minutes a day---can prevent most other major forms of cancer.This surprising conclusion stems from findings that vitamin D. which is made by skin cells exposed to the sun’s ultraviolet rays, is a potent anti-cancer agent. The researchers who made this discovery are eager to be heard. But their message is about as welcome as a bad rash, particularly in countries such as Australia and the US where fair-skinned immigrants living at Mediterranean latitudes have made skin cancer a huge problem.The American Academy of Dermatology argues that advocating one carcinogen-----UV radiation----to protect against other forms of cancer is dangerous and misleading. If people need more vitamin D, they should take a multivitamin or drink milk fortified with it, says the academy. Unfortunately, the solution is not as simple as that. Critics also argue that the protective effect of sunlight is not yet proved. While this may be true, the evidence is very suggestive. The case is built on several studies that bring together cellular biology, biochemistry and epidemiology.And all the criticism of this theory counts for nothing if, as some of its advocates, suggest, the number of people dying for lack of sunlight is four times as high as those dying from skin cancer. At the same time, those advocates must not overstate their case. Everyone wants to save as many lives as they can.What we need now is for national medical research bodies and cancer research organizations to investigate the relative risks and benefits of sunshine. This will almost certainly mean more epidemiological work, which should start as soon as possible. As for the public: give them the facts, including risk estimates for short periods in the sun---and for covering up. It is patronizing( 施恩于人的) to assume that people cannot deal with complex messages.What we definitely do not want is a war of words between groups with polarized views, and no prospect of the issue being resolved. That way will only lead to confusion, distrust of doctors and more unnecessary deaths.76. According to the first two paragraphs, the problem seems to be that the public______A.cannot be reached by health messagesB.is torn between two health messagesC.never trust those health researchersD.are divided over health problems77. The recent opposition goes to __________A.the protective value of sunshineB.the cancer-causing effect of sunshineC.the debate over the health impact of sunshineD.the two controversial messages about skin cancer78. According to the critics, the health impact of sunshine_________A.will be epidemiologically provedB.is misleading the public altogetherC.merits a comprehensive investigationD.can be easily addressed with a simple solution79. The author implies that health messages should be madeeasy_______A.to debateB.to swallowC.to estimateD.to publicize80. As for the issue, the author suggests that the public_________A.decide on their own how much sunshine is too muchB.avoid unnecessary deaths due to complex messagesC.be provided with reliable and practicable messagesD.facilitate the understanding of health messagesPassage FiveI make my way down the three chilly blocks to an old diner on Commercial Street. I am meeting a new friend for lunch. I’ve never been here before: this is not my part of town. And so I arrive early, to sit in an old wooden booth and learn what I can about the place. They call it Katie’s kitchen. One hundred years ago, it was a bar. The barstools remain, but through community donations, it’s now a respectable restaurant. The hostess, casher, and waiters are residents of a nearby hotel for the transient and unemployed and work here to gain dignity and job skills. Both the hotel and restaurant are run by Sister L, a nun with a heart and a great deal of business sense.My new friend arrives. He works down the street, in a clinic for indigent( 穷的)persons; he knows these people. The workers and many of the clients seem to know him too, for I see warmth and proud smiles on their faces as he greets them. Behind him, a few nameless souls wander in from the street in a swirl of December wind.I focus on our waitress. A pretty girl of perhaps 18 years, she is all smiles and grace. I wonder for a moment why she’s here ---what her story is;what her dreams are; whether she is raising children on her own. But I cannot hold the thought, for she reminds me of another waitress at my favorite coffee shop---a college student with a bright future.Some time later, I finish my soup and sandwich---a good meal made better because of the smile of the girl who served it. I wipe my mouth and go to pay. Eight dollars and sixty-four cents, for two. To our embarrassment, my friend and I discover that neither of us has cash, and my credit card is not good sheepishly approach Sister L, who smiles and takes my bill. “It’s okay.” she says. “We’ ll buy your lunch. It’ll be our pleasure.”Slowly, I leave the world of the diner. Back at the hospital where I work, my boss laments our financial woes. “We’re really tight,” he says.” The executive committee tells me we may not even though money to build the new critical care wing this year.”He frowns, hesitates, then adds, “It’s flu season, though, and perhaps by seeing patients in person rather than treating so many over the phone, we’ll recoup some of our losses.”It’s budget time, and I know that this means our gratis ( 免费的) fitness center memberships may be cancelled. We’re in a tough bind.Three streets away, a tattered man in a throwaway overcoat sits shivering in the diner. Sister L slowly fills his cup full of hot coffee. Holding the cup with trembling hands, he stares deeply into its dark center. There is healing in its rising steam.81. The doctor in the story enters a restaurant which___________.A.has a one-hundred-year old bar。
2006年北京大学考博英语真题
2006年北京大学考博英语真题Part One: Listening ComprehensionThere are 3 sections in this part.In sections A and B you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then choose thecorrect answer for each question. Mark your choices on your ANSWER SHEET. Section A: Conversations (5%)Directions: In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversationscarefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, youwill be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.1. Which is NOT the purpose of Mr. Lewis’ visit?A. To see friends.B. To give concerts.C. To vacation.D. To give private lessons.2. What kind of cello did Mr. Lewis use when he was eight?A. A full-sized cello.B. A half-sized cello.C. A two-thirds-sized cello.D. It is not mentioned.3. What is true about Mr. Lewis’ cello?A. He always takes it with him.B. It was made by his uncle.C. He borrowed it from his uncle.D. He got a seat free for his cello.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.4. What is the main purpose of the research?A. To make preparations for a new publication.B. To learn how couples spend their weekends.C. To know how housework is shared.D. To investigate what people do at the weekend.5. What does the man do on Fridays?A. He goes to exercise classes.B. He goes sailing.C. He goes to the cinema.D. He stays at home.6. On which day does the couple always go out?A. Friday.B. Saturday.C. Sunday.D. Any weekday.7. Which personal detail does the man give?A. Surname.B. First name.C. Address.D. Age.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation,you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.8. What conclusion can we draw about Mike before he went to the camping school?A. He was eager to do the course.B. He had done outdoor activities.C. He enjoyed life in the open.D. He was reluctant and timid.9. Mike participated in all the following activities EXCEPT _________.A. hiking.B. canoeingC. swimmingD. camping10. Which of the following words is most appropriate to describe Mike after the camping school?A. Independent.B. Strong.C. Determined.D. Persistent.Section B: Talks (50)Directions: In this section, you will hear several talks. Listen to the talks carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following talk. At the end of the talk, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the talk.11. What happened on January 27th, 1967?A. Three men were injured during a fire.B. One man died during the fire accident.C. A fire started inside a spaceship.D. A spaceship was launched.12. What happened in 1981?A. The space program was suspended,B. Five men were injured during an accident,C. The accident occurred before the rehearsal.D. No accident happened that year.13. What does the talk say about accidents?A. Accidents are unavoidable.B. Accidents can be avoided.C. Human beings are always careless.D. There should be more precautions.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following talk. At the end of the talk, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the talk.14. BBC’s weather forecast is a program.A. seldom watchedB. little knownC. newD. popular15. Weather observations come from all the following sources EXCEPT _________A. computersB. satellitesC. the groundD. radar16. What does the talk say about BBC's forecasters?A. They read from script.B. They are professional.C. They use a map for presentation.D. They care about their clothes.17. What does the talk say about British television viewers?A. They remember what they saw on weather forecasts.B. They like talking about weather instead of watching.C. They pay more attention to the style of the presenters.D. They watch and remember what is necessary.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following talk. At the end of the talk, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions,Now listen to the talk.18. Which is NOT showing an increase this year?A. Number of tourists,B. Holiday travelers.C. Shopping.D. Dining and entertaining.19. What does the talk say about this year's business travelers?A. There are fewer business travelers.B. There are more business travelers.C. The number remains the same as last year's.D. It is not mentioned in the talk.20. Which is the largest single visitor expenditure?A. Hotel accommodation.B. Meals.C. Shopping.D. Entertainment.Section C: Spot Dictation (10%)Directions: in this section you are going to hear a report on the strong link between sleep and fatal accident. Some words are taken out and you are expected to fillin the missing words as you listen. The report will be read TWICE and you will have one minute to check your work. Then put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2). Now listen to the report.Inadequate rest means a weaker (C1) system, laying the body open to a whole (C2) of illnesses. On the average a man needs seven hours of sleep a day and a woman seven and a (C3) hours. Six hours of (C4)_________sleep is better than ten hours of (C5)____________ and turning, however. People who sleep less than six hours a night are (C6)____________ for an early death.Some people (C7)__________________that they can get by with little sleep when necessary. But experts think these people are (C8) themselves.Between sleep (C9) and fatal accidents there is an obvious (CI0)___________. People who get (C11) _____ sleep or poor quality sleep have a higher risk of (C12)____________ on the road. They are more likely to fall asleep at the (C13)______________ and kill people or get killed. Professional drivers and (C14) workers are most likely to take the (C15) .The performance at work also (CI6) _____________because of sleep deprivationThe pressures of work deprive people of sleep. To make it up, they try to (C17)___________ catnaps. But experts are a little (C18)_______________about the benefits of catnapping. They tell us that the catnap can never be a (C19)_____________for proper sleep. For victims of (C20) , catnapping in the day is the worst thing they can possibly do.(This is the end of listening comprehension.)Part Two: Structure and Written Expression (20%)Directions: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.21. The nuclear family a self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.A. refers toB. definesC. describesD. devotes to22. Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that elderly Americans are _________by social isolation and loneliness.A. reproachedB. favoredC. plaguedD. reprehended23. In addition to bettering group and individual performance, cooperation ________ the quality of interpersonal relationship.A. ascendsB. compelsC. enhancesD. prefers24. In the past 50 years, there _________ a great increase in the amount of research _______ on the human brain.A. was...didB. has been.., to be doneC. was.., doingD. has been...done25. “I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like ________.”“We told you not to eat at a restaurant. You'd better _________ at home when you are not in the shape.”A. to throw up... to eatB. throwing up... eatingC. to throw up.. eatD. throwing up.. eat26. Parents have to show due concerns to their children's creativity and emotional output; otherwise what they think beneficial to the kids might probably __________ their enthusiasm and aspirations.A. hold backB. hold toC. hold downD. hold over27. According to psychoanalysis, a person's attention is attracted ________ by the intensity of different signals ________ by their context, significance, and information content.A. not less than asB. as...just asC. so much...asD. not so much as28. They moved to Portland in 1998 and lived in a big house, to the south.A. the windows of which openedB. the windows of it openedC. its windows openedD. the windows of which opening29. The lady who has ________ for a night in the dead of the winter later turned out to be a distant relation of his.A. put him upB. put him outC. put him onD. put himin30. Bystanders, , ________as they walked past lines of ambulances.A. bloody and covered with dust, looking dazedB. bloodied and covered with dust, looked dazedC. bloody and covered with dust, looked dazedD. bloodied and covered With dust, looking dazed31. Hong Kong was not a target for terror attacks, the Government insisted yesterday, as the US ________ closed for an apparent security review.A. ConsulationB. ConstitutionC. ConsulateD. Consular32. American fans have selected Yao in a vote for the All-Star game _________ the legendary O’Neal, who _________ the “Great Wall” at the weekend as the Rockets beat the Los Angeles Lakers.A. in head of, ran onB. in head of, ran intoC. ahead of, ran ontoD. ahead of, ran into33. Professional archivists and librarians have the resources to duplicate materials in other formats and the expertise to retrieve materials trapped in __________ computers.A. abstractB. obsoleteC. obstinateD. obese34. She always prints important documents and stores a backup set at her house. “I actually think there's something about the _________ of paper that feels morecomforting,” she said.A. tangibilityB. tanglednessC. tangentD. tantalization35. “They said what we always knew,”said an administration source, _________________.A. he asked not to be namedB. who asked not to be namedC. who asked not be namedD. who asked not named36. In Germany, the industrial giants DaimlerChrysler and Siemens recently ________their unions into signing contracts that lengthen work hours without increasing pay.A. muscledB. movedC. mushedD. muted37. He argues that the policy has done little to ease joblessness, and has left the country ________.A. energizedB. enervatedC. nervedD.enacted38. The more people hear his demented rants, the more they see that he is a terrorist __________.A. who is pure and simpleB. being pure and simpleC. pure and simpleD. as pure and simple39. This expansion of rights has led to both a paralysis of the public service and to a rapid and terrible ________ in the character of the population.A. determinationB. deteriorationC. desolationD. desperation40._______ a declining birth rate, there will bean over-supply of 27;000 primary school places by 2010, _________ leaving 35 schools idle.A. Coupled with, equals toB. Coupling with, equivalent toC. Coupled with, equivalent toD. Coupling with, equals toPart Three: Reading Comprehension .I. Directions: Each of the following three passages is followed by some questions.For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your choices: in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Passage OneThe HeroMy mother’s parents came from Hungary, but my grandfather could trace his origin to Germany and also he was educated in Germany, Although he was able to hold a conversation in nine languages, he was most comfortable in German: Every morning, before going to his office, he read the German language newspaper, which was American owned and published in New York.My grandfather was the only one in his family to come to the United States with his wife and children. He still had relatives living in Europe. When the first worldwar broke out, he lamented the fact that if my uncle, his only son had to go, it would be cousin fighting against cousin: In the early days of the war, my grandmother begged: him to stop taking the German newspaper and to take an English language :newspaper, instead. He scoffed at the idea, explaining that the fact it was in German did not make it a German newspaper, but only an American newspaper, printed in German. But my grandmother insisted, for fear that the neighbors may see him read it and think he was German. So, he finally gave up the German newspaper.One day, the inevitable happened and my uncle Milton received notice to join the army. My grandparents were very upset, but my mother, his little sister, was excited. Now she could boast about her soldier brother going off to war. She was ten years old at the time, and my uncle, realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and her friends, went out and bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted, When the day came for him to leave, his whole regiment, in their uniforms, left together from the same train station. There was a band playing and my mother and her friends came to see him off. Each one wore her service pin and waved a small American flag, cheering the boys, as they left.The moment came and the soldiers, all very young, none of whom had had any training, but who had nevertheless all been issued uniforms, boarded the train. The band played and the crowd cheered. The train groaned as if it knew the destiny to which it was taking its passengers, but it soon began to move. Still cheering and waving their flags, the band still playing, the train slowly departed the station.It had gone about a thousand yards when it suddenly ground to a halt. The band stopped playing, the: crowd stopped cheering. Everyone gazed in wonder as the train slowly backed up and returned to the station. It seemed an eternity until the doors opened and the men started to file out. Someone shouted, “It’s the armistice. The war is over.” For a moment, nobody moved, but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers. The men lined up and formed into two lines. They walked down the steps and, with the band playing behind, paraded down the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home by the assembled crowd. The next day my uncle returned to his job, and my grandfather resumed reading the German newspaper, which he read until the day he died.41. Where was the narrator's family when this story took place?A. In Germany.B. In Hungary.C. In the United States.D. In New York42. His grandfather ___________.A. could not speak and read English well enoughB. knew nine languages equally wellC. knew a number of languages, but felt more kin to GermanD. loved German best because it made him think of home43. His grandmother did not want her husband to buy and read newspapers in German, because ________.A. it was war time and Germans were their enemyB. the neighbors would mistake them as pro-GermanC. it was easier to get newspapers in English in AmericaD. nobody else read newspapers in German during the war time44. The narrator’s mother wanted her brother to go to fight in the war, because _________.A. like everybody else at the war time, she was very patrioticB. she hated the war and the Germans very muchC. all her friends had relatives in War and she wanted to be like themD. she liked to have a brother she could think of as a heroPassage TwoWaking Up from the American DreamThere has been much talk recently about the phenomenon of “WaI-Martization”of America, which refers to the attempt of America's giant Wal-Mart chain store company to keep its cost at rock-bottom levels. For years, many American companies have embraced Wal-Mart-like stratagems to control labor costs, such as hiring temps (temporary workers) and part-timers, fighting unions, dismantling internal career ladders and outsourcing to lower paying contractors at home and abroad.While these tactics have the admirable outcome of holding down consumer prices, they’re costly in other ways. More than a quarter of the labor force, about 34 million workers, is trapped in low-wage, often dead-end jobs. Many middle-income and high-skilled employees face fewer opportunities, too, as companies shift work to subcontractors and temps agencies and move white-collar jobs to China and India.The result has been an erosion of one of America's most cherished value: giving its people the ability to move up the economic ladder over their lifetimes. Historically, most Americans, even low-skilled ones, were able to find poorly paid janitorial or factory jobs, then gradually climbed into the middle class as they gained experience and moved up the wage curve. But the number of workers progressing upward began to slip in 1970s. Upward mobility diminished even more in the 1980s as globalization and technology slammed blue-collar wages.Restoring American mobility is less a question of knowing what to do than of making it happen. Experts have decried schools' inadequacy for years, but fixing them is a long, arduous struggle. Similarly, there have been plenty of warnings about declining college access, but finding funds was difficult even in eras of large surpluses.45. The American dream in this passage mainly refers to ________.A. there are always possibilities offered to people to develop themselves in the societyB. Americans can always move up the pay ladderC. American young people can have access to college, even they are poorD. the labor force is not trapped in 10w-wage and dead, end jobs46. Wal-Mart strategy, according to this passage, is to ________.A. hire temps and part-timers to reduce its costB. outsource its contracts to lower price agencies at home and abroadC. hold down its consumer price by controlling its labor costsD. dismantle the career ladder and stop people's mobility upward47. Which of the following statements is NOTTRUE?A. WaI-Martization has been successful in keeping costs at rock-bottom levels.B. Upward mobility for low-skilled workers has become impossible in the U.S..C. More business opportunities are given to low-cost agencies in China and India.D. Although people know how to restore American mobility, it's difficult to change the present situation.Passage ThreeSeniors and the CityTens of thousands of retirees are pulling up stakes in suburban areas and fashioning their own retirement communities in the heart of the bustling city. They are looking for what most older people want: a home with no stairs and low crime rates. And they are willing to exchange regular weekly golf time for rich cultural offerings, young neighbors and plenty of good restaurants. Spying an opportunity, major real-estate developers have broken ground on urban sites they intended to market to suburban retirees. These seniors are already changing the face of big cities. One developer, Fran McCarthy asks: “Who ever thought that suburban flight would be round trip?”The trickle of older folks returning to the city has grown into a steady stream. While some cities, especially those with few cultural offerings, have seen an exodus of seniors, urban planners say others have become retirees magnets. Between 1999 and 2000, the population of 64-to 75-year-olds in downtown Chicago rose 17 percent. Austin, New Orleans, and Los Angeles have seen double-digit increases as well. There may be hidden health benefits to city living. A study reveals that moving from suburbs to the city can ward off the byproduct of aging-,social isolation. In the next six years, downtowns are expected to grow even grayer. For affluent retirees, city life is an increasingly popular option.48. Retired seniors are moving back into the city because__________.A. they find there are too many, crimes in the suburbsB. unlike the flats in the city, their country house have stairs to climbC. they are no longer :interested in playing' golfD. in the city, they have more social and cultural life against loneliness49. From the passage we can infer that __________.A. the real-estate developers have broken their original contracts of construction with senior retireesB. “a life in the downtown city is expensive; and most of those retirees who moved back into the city are very well-offC. with more older people living in the city, the city will become gray and less beautifulD. very soon the American suburban areas will-face their low population crisis50. Fran McCarthy’s question means: nobody ever thought that __________.A. people who moved out of the city decades ago now would move backB. suburban dwellers when moving back into the city must take round tripC. suburban flight years ago would go in. circlesD. senior people's moving back into the city would take place all over the United StatesII. Directions: Read the following, passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts, Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2). (15%)(51) Being angry increases the risk of injury, especially among men, new research says.The researchers gathered data on more than 2,400 accident victims at three Missouri hospitals. They interviewed each subject to determine the patient's emotional state just before the injury and 24 hours earlier, gathering data on whether the patients felt irritable, angry or hostile, and to what degree. Then they compared the results with a control group of uninjured people.(52) Despite widespread belief in “road rage,” anger did not correlate with injuries from traffic accidents.(53) Not surprisingly, anger was strongly associated with injuries inflicted deliberately. But other injuries - those neither intentionally inflicted nor from falls or traffic accidents – also showed strong associations with anger.(54) The correlations were significantly weaker for women than for-men, but there were no differences by race. The authors acknowledge that their data depend on self-reports, which are not always reliable.(55) Why anger correlates with injury is not known. “I can speculate that the anger may have prompted some behavior that led to the injury, or may have simply distracted the person, leading indirectly to the injury,” said the study’s lead author.Part Four: Cloze Test (10%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).Last year French drivers killed (56) ______ than 5,000 people on the roads for the first time in decades~ Credit goes largely (57) ______ the 1,000 automated radar cameras planted on the nation's highways since 2003, which experts reckon (58) _______ 3,000 lives last year. Success, of course breeds success: the government plans to install 500 (59) _______ radar devices this year.So it goes with surveillance these days. Europeans used to Io0k at the security cameras posted in British cities, subways and buses (60) _______ the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe. But last year's London bombing, in which video cameras (61) _______ a key role in identifying the perpetrators, have helped spur a sea change, A month (62) the London attacks, half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecomsto store all e-mail, Internet and phone data for “anti-terror” (63)_________. In a British poll, 73 percent of respondents said they were (64) ________to give up some civil liberty to improve (65) _________.Part Five: Proofreading (10%)Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).Examples:eg. 1 (66) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (66) begtm beganeg. 2 (67) Scarcely they settled themselves in, their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (67) (Scarcely) had (they) eg. 3 (68) Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (68) not(66) Application files are piled highly this month in colleges across the country. (67) Admissions officers are poring essays and recommendation letters, scouring transcripts and standardized test scores.(68) But anything is missing from many applications: a class ranking, once a major component in admissions decisions.In the cat-and-mouse maneuvering over admission to prestigious colleges and universities, (69) thousands of high schools have simply stopped providing that information, concluding it could harm the chances of their very better, but not best, students.(70) Canny college officials, in turn, have found a tactical way to response.(71) Usinp, broad data that high schools often provide, like a distribution of grade averages for entire senior class, they essentially recreate an applicant's class rank.(72) The process has left them exasperating.(73) “If we’re looking at your son or daughter and you want us to know that they are among the best in their school, with a rank we don’t necessarily know that,” said Jim Bock, dean of admissions and financial aid at Swarthmore College.(74) Admissions directors say strategy can backfire. When high schools do not provide enough general information to recreate the class rank calculation, (75) many admissions directors say they have little choice and to do something virtually no one wants them to do: give more weight to scores on the SAT and other standardized exams.Part Six: Writing (15%)Directions: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic givenbelow.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET (2).Recently, a newspaper carried an article entitled: “We Should No Longer Force Gong Li and Zhang Yimou to Take Part in National Politics”. The article argued that some artists and film stars are unwilling or unqualified to represent the people in the People's Congress or the People's Political Consultative Conference, and they should not be forced, to do so. What do you think?。