英美概况习题12
英美国家概况答案
英美国家概况答案英美国家概况答案【篇一：英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)】er 81. how is the american population distributed?the distribution of the american population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. the great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los angeles and san francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?the new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.chapter 91. why did american change its policy and enter world war ii? because of the formation of the axis , the american government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten america’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for america’s entrance into the war.2. what were nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing u.s. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. what were the contents of reagan’s economic program? reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.chapter 101. what are the two characteristics of the u.s. constitution? one is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. what are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?a senator must be over 30 years old , a u.s. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a u.s. citizen for no less than seven years.3. what are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4. what is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?the democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. they stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.chapter 111. what industry developments took place during the colonial period of america?during the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they alsobuilt small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in america had become clear.2. how did the civil war affect the american economy?after the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. why does america try to reduce trade barriers?because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.chapter 121. how does an american university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the sat.2. what functions do american higher education institutions perform?higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. what similarities do four famous university share?they all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. what are the origins of thanksgiving day?thanksgiving is associated with the time when europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. during the following summer the native america helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. so they held a big celebration to thank god and the native americans.第四大题chapter 81．why is the united states regarded as a”melting pot” anda ”salad bowl” ?the united states is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.the immigrants came in waves,including the europeans,the africans and the asians.therefore,america isdescribed as amelting potwhere various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into american culture.recently,america has been called asalad bowlin that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2． what do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?the best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward differentcultures.people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other.society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.at the same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society. chapter 91. what was the cause of the american civil war?the southern planters of america needed a large number of black african slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.in the north,with the development of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.what’s more,t he northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.but the southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries.the accumulating conflicts led to the division of the north and the south and finally the american civil war.2. what made the united states a powerful country by the end of world war ii?during the two world wars,america remained neutral in the early stage.however, americans continued their profitable tradewith the warring countries.therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.when america entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.by sharing the fruit of victory with other allies,america greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of world war ii.chapter 101. how is the american president voted into office? what are your ideas about the american election?each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency.to win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.the general election is technically divided into two stages.during the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.in the second stage the electors meet and vote a president.since the second stage is only a kind offormality,everyone knows who will be the next president an soon as the first stage is over.i think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.and, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the u.s. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become president.2. what was president eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?president eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the cold war.he placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.he also frequently authorized thecia to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.the cia helped topple the governments of iran and guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in indonesia.in addition,eisenhower used u.s.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in south vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the united states.chapter 111. how did the u.s constitution lay the groundwork for american’s economic development ?the u.s.constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or commonmarket.there were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.it provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states,establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weights and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.the last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of intellectual property,a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in americas economic development.the government has always played an active and important role in america’s economic development.in the early 1930s,thr united states suffered the worst economic depression in american history.president roosevelt introduced the new deal to tackle the financial crisis.besides,he set up the new york stateemergency relief commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.at the end of 1970s, the american economy again suffered a recession.the reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,in all,the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.it has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.chapter 121. what are the ideals that guide the american educational system?the first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .the second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . the third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. how does america carry out multicultural education?american schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.struggle for equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.【篇二：2016年春《英美国家概况》在线作业及答案】the usschool systems, which of the following divisions is true?a.elementary school, grammar school.b.elementary school, junior high school.c.elementary school, secondary school.d.junior high school, senior high school. 您的答案：c题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题to get a bachelor’s degree, an american undergraduatestudent is required to do the following except ____.a.attending lectures and complete assignmentsb.passing examinationsc.taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyd.earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college您的答案：c题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题which of the following is not guaranteed in the bill of rights?a.the freedom of religion.b.the freedom of searching a person’s home by police.c.the freedom of speech and of the press.d.the right to own weapons if one wishes. 您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题the reason why many american young people were involved in the social movements of the 1960s wasthat ____.a.they resented traditional white male values in us society.b.they love america so much.c.they thought they knew better than their teachers.d.they viewed the adult world with grave doubt. 您的答案：a题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题which of the following institutions isresponsible for the making of the internet?a.the us military.b.the us entertainment industry.c.the us film industry.d.the us education sector.您的答案：a题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第6题which of the following is not a power of the president?a.the president can veto any bill passed by congress.b.the president has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur.c.the president can make laws.d.the president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments.您的答案：c题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第7题if a student wants to go to university in britain, he will take the examination called ____.a.general certificate of education – advanced.b.general certificate of secondary education.c.the common entrance examination.d.general national vocational qualifications. 您的答案：a题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第8题where are international tennis championships held in the uk?a.wembley.b.wimbledonc.london.d.edinburgh您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第9题a free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy because _____.a.it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the government.b.it informs people of current affairs in the world.c.it provides people with subjective reports.d.it publishes short pamphlets for parliament. 您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.010．第10题which city is the capital in scotland?a.cardiffb.edinburghc.glasgowd.manchester您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.011．第11题how many counties are there in northern ireland?a.26b.6c.32d.20您的答案：b题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.012．第12题when did scotland join the union by agreement of the english and scottish parliaments?a.in 1715b.in 1688c.in 1745d.in 1707您的答案：d题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.013．第13题what happened in 1215?a.it was the year of norman conquest in british history.b.forced by barons, king john signed the magna carta.c.hey iv granted the commons the power to review moneygrants.d.king egbert united england under his rule. 您的答案：b题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.014．第14题which of the following is not a true description of the queen’s role?a.the queen selects the prime minister and the cabinet.b.the queen symbolises the tradition and unity of the british state.c.the queen acts as a confidante to the primeminister.d.the queen is the temporal head of the church of england.您的答案：a题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.015．第15题which of the following sports was not invented in britain?a.football.b.tennis.c.basketballd.cricket.您的答案：c题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.016．第16题easter commemorates ____.a.the birth of jesus christ.b.the crucifixion of jesus christ.c.the coming of spring.d.the crucifixion and resurrection of jesus christ.您的答案：d题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.017．第17题in the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to ____.a.grammar schools.c.public schools.d.technical schools.您的答案：a题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.018．第18题which of the following description about the【篇三：英语国家概况英国--课后问答题[1]】ass=txt>chapter 1questions for thought:1. what was the british empire? what do you know about it? in what way is the ―empire‖ still felt in britainand in the international field? key points:3. a system of monarchy was observed still on today’s britain, which went through the history. the queen is still the head of the commonwealth.4. the ―empire‖ still can be felt in the following ways:a. there are still close relationships between the uk and the fifty or more countries which used to be its former colonies, and which maintain links through a loose organization called the commonwealth of nations.b. it became one member of the european union since 1973.c. the effect also lies in the makeup of the british population itself. newly immigrants mainly came from the former colonies, specially from india and caribbean area.d. today the monarchrepresents the country in many occasions. e. class exists and lords and peers are obvious evident of the imperial past.2. why does the author say that it is not possible to sum up the british people with a few simple phrases? key points: reasons: 1. regional differences---england, scotland, wales, northern ireland 2. racial differences3. class differences4. cultural differences---highland vs lowland5. religious differences---protestants vs catholics (main in northern ireland) 3. ―british history has been a history of invasion‖. please illustrate this point with the examples from the text.how did each of the invasions influence english culture? key points:4. what are some general characteristics of scotland? how did scotland become part of the union of greatbritain? key points:1. the celts originally lived on scotland, they kept their own culture and language—the gealic.2. around the ad 6th c, people from northern ireland invaded the south-west --- the lowland zone. they were called scots and gave the modern country of scotland its name.3. the scottish people have a strong sense of nationality and desire for cultural independence. they observed some old customs and tradition, like the highland tradition. today, bagpipe, and tartan are considered as the souvenir of the scottish history.4. the division between highland and lowland scotland remains a cultural divide today, in much the same way as northand south england see themselves as different from each other.5. scotland has a great tradition of innovation in the arts, philosophy and science.robert louis stevenson’s famous novel dr jekyll and mr hyde 《吉基尔医生与海德先生》shows that: scotland was superficially fully integrated into the uk, but concealed beneath this is a still-strong scottish identity. union with england in 17071. in 1603, queen elizabeth i of england died. james the 6th of scotland took the throne, called james the first of england; uniting the two thrones2. scotland maintained its separate political identity.3. in 1707, scotland joined the union by agreement of the english and scottish parliaments4. scotland sends 72 representatives to the london parliament.5. describe characteristics of wales and wales’ unification with great britain. characteristics:1.capital: cardiff, on the south coast2.rich coal deposits3.attract foreign investment from japan and u.s, etc. -- new industries to replace coal and steel4.smallest on the british mainland; close to central england; hilly and rugged5.retains a powerful sense of difference from england6.retains its own language; 19% population speaking gaelic unification with great britainacknowledge him as prince of wales by a military campaign, and unified wales as an independent nation. 2.1282, he was killed. the english king edward i named his son the prince of wales, trying to bring wales into the british nation.6. are there any differences between england, scotland and wales in terms of cultural tradition?chapter 2 northern ireland questions for thought:1. why is northern ireland so significant in the uk? what is the political problem there? keys:1. it is significant because of the political troubles there.2. the political troubleoriginal inhabitants were mainly descents of celts; they believed in catholics. the immigrants from scotland and north england in the 17th c, sent by the english king for the sake of better control over ireland, were mainly protestants. their arrival aroused local people’s hostility. they were pressured.in 1921 the ireland got independence while in northern ireland, the majority was protestant and loyalists to the british government, wanted to be separated from the rest parts of ireland.now in northern ireland, the minority—the catholics found it difficult for them to find job. the conflicts between protestants and catholics got increased.to protect the local catholics, the british soldiers stationed northern ireland in 1969, which later accelerated the conflicts between the local people and the british government.2. what are some of the factors in irish and english history that affect the situation in northern ireland today? keys:1. racial,2. religious3. immigration in 17th c.4. the british solders’ station in 1969chapter 3 the government of the united kingdom questions for thought:1. what are some of the characteristics of the british constitutional monarchy? how has the english monarchy evolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy? 1. the oldest institution of government2. king egbert (埃格伯特国王): the ancestor of the present queen elizabeth ii. united england under his rule in 829.3. divine right of kings (君权神授)---the ancient doctrine held that the sovereign derived his authority from god, not from his subjects. this was used by the kings as an excuse for abusing power. and the dispute over the power of the king and the parliament led to the civil war.4. the civil war set the rights of the parliament. the monarch was kept but his power was limited. the constitution was set up to guarantee rights of people. monarch became a symbol of the country.2. how did the doctrin e of the ―divine right of kings‖, according to the author, lead to the english civil war?what do you know about the causes of the english revolution in the 17th century?king james i believed the divine right of kings, so did his descent---charles i. charles i called his t parliament only when he needed to collect money.the civil war was caused by a dispute over the power of the king against parliament in the 17th c. therepublican ―roundheads‖, led by oliver cromwell, wanted to abolish the monarchy and to reassert the rights of parliament. in 1642, the royalists were defeated and king charles i was executed in 1649.the english civil war not only overthrew feudal in england but also shook the foundation of the feudal rule in europe. it isgenerally regarded as the beginning of modern world history. the civil war was in essence a capitalist revolution because capitalism paved its way of development after the war.3. what is the history of english parliament? what role did the parliament play in the civil war?in medieval times, a group of leading, wealthy barons who were summoned by the king several times a year to give the king some extra money. this was the great council. by the 13th c., representatives of counties, towns and cities were also included in order to raise more money. this was the beginning of what we know as parliament today.in the civil war, the parliament was opposite to the monarchy in their dispute over the power. the republican ―roundheads‖, led by oliver cromwell, wanted to abolish the monarchy and to reassert the rights of parliament.4. discuss the major characteristics and the main content of the british constitution.britain, like israel, has no written constitution. the foundations of the british state are laid out in statute law(成文法), which are laws passed by parliament; the common laws(普通法,判例法), which are laws established through common practice in the courts; and conventions(习惯法), which are rules and practices not existing legally, but regarded as vital to the workings of government.5. why the parliament is supreme in the british sate? what function does parliament have? what role does the queen and the prime minister play in british government?parliament is supreme in the british state because it alone had the power to change the terms of the constitution. there are no legal restraints upon parliament. it can make or change laws,functions: 1) passes laws2) provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation3) scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day. the roles of the queen/king1.symbolize the tradition and unity of the british state2.legally head of the executive, (行政部)3.an integral part of the legislature(立法机关)4.head of the judiciary(司法部)2. set standards of good citizenship and family life3. a confidante(知己的女友) to the prime minister, offering valuable observations on the running of government role of the prime ministerking george i was ―imported‖ from germany in 1714 and was not interested in politics, so he left the job of chairing cabinet meetings to one of his cabinet ministers, called the prime minister. later in 1832, elections replaced appointment. the party with the most supporters in the commons forms the government and the leader of that party becomes prime minister.today prime minister and his cabinet compose of the entity of the government.6. what kind of institution is the house of lords? what role does it play in british government?it’s one house of the parliament, but the power of making law and collecting taxes mainly resides on the house of commons. the house of lords consists of the lords spiritual(上议院的神职议员), who are the archbishops and most prominent bishops of the church of england; and the lords temporal(上议院的世俗议员), which refers to those lords who either have inherited the seatfrom their forefathers(called hereditary peers) or they have been appointed(by the sovereign, at the suggestion of the prime minister and were called life peers(终身贵族). the lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the public chapter 4 politics questions for thought:1. who can stand for election as an mp in the uk? why are small parties and independent candidates powerless in the election campaign for the formation of a government?anyone who is eligible to vote can stand as an mp. it is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.because even they were to win the seat they would be powerless in parliament against the big parties’ representatives (p54, para1)2. what are three big parties in the uk? what are some of the similarities and dissimilarities between the threeparties?they are the labor party, the conservative party and the liberal democratic party.the labour party--- one of the 2 biggest parties in the uk. it is also the newest party, created by the trade union movement at the end of the 19th century. it is a socialist party, believing that a society should be relatively equal in economic terms, and that the government should redistribute the wealth between the rich and the poor. it also thinks that the government should provide a range of public services for all the people.the conservative party --- one of the 2 biggest parties in the uk. it is basically the party of the individual, protecting the individual’ s right to acquire wealth and to spend i t as he/she wants. it advocates economic policies which are favourable to。
英美概况习题答案
英美概况习题答案英美概况习题答案英美概况是学习英美文化和历史的基础，对于英语学习者来说，了解英美概况不仅可以帮助他们更好地理解英语语言和文化，还可以拓宽他们的国际视野。
下面是一些关于英美概况的习题及其答案，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
1. 英国的首都是哪里？答案：伦敦。
2. 美国的首都是哪里？答案：华盛顿特区。
3. 英国的国旗是什么颜色？答案：红色、白色和蓝色。
4. 美国的国旗有多少颗星星？答案：50颗。
5. 英国的国歌是什么？答案：《上帝保佑女王》。
6. 美国的国歌是什么？答案：《星条旗永不落》。
7. 英国的国家动物是什么？答案：狮子。
8. 美国的国家动物是什么？答案：白头海雕。
9. 英国的货币单位是什么？答案：英镑。
10. 美国的货币单位是什么？答案：美元。
11. 英国的国教是什么？答案：英国国教（圣公会）。
12. 美国的国教是什么？答案：美国没有国教，宪法保障宗教自由。
13. 英国的国会叫什么？答案：英国议会。
14. 美国的国会叫什么？答案：美国国会。
15. 英国的最高法院是什么？答案：英国最高法院。
16. 美国的最高法院是什么？答案：美国最高法院。
17. 英国有几个地区？答案：四个地区，分别是英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
18. 美国有几个州？答案：50个州。
19. 英国的最长河流是什么？答案：塔普河（Thames River）。
20. 美国的最长河流是什么？答案：密西西比河（Mississippi River）。
这些习题涵盖了英美概况的一些基本知识点，希望能够帮助大家更好地了解英美文化和历史。
当然，英美概况远不止这些，还有很多有趣的知识等待我们去探索和学习。
希望大家能够保持对英美概况的兴趣，并不断深入学习，提高自己的英语水平和跨文化交流能力。
英美概况习题集
英美概况习题集英美概况考试题⽬⼤全Chaper1 Philosophy of western civilization1. The ancient Greeks believed that a unity underlies the diversity of people, animals, plants and inanimate objects. The philosophy of that time relied on __human reason not on mythology or divine beings, different from the previous philosophy.2. Not all Greek philosophers agreed with the Rationalists. One major group who doubted that human reason could understand Nature was called _skeptics_.3. Some of Aristotle’s ideas held western thinking back for a very long time: such as the belief that women were “incomplete”men and that _the earth was the center of the universe4. The French word “renaissance” means “_rebirth_” in English.5. Descartes (1596-1650) was the modern father of Rationalism and he claimed that reason was the only path to knowledge.“I think; therefore, I am6. The_18th_century is sometimes called the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason.7. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900), a German, believed that moral action should come from a strong _superhero after God was “dead”.8. _Jean-Paul Sartre declined the Nobel Prize for Literature on the grounds that it would make his writings too influential9. Charles Peirce (1839-1940) developed four methods people use to hold onto their beliefs: _tenacity; authority; speculation; scientific method10. John Dewey (1859-1952) implemented his version of Pragmatism in the education systemChaper2 Geography of the United Kingdom1. The two large islands that make up the British Isles are Great Britain and Ireland.2. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, _Scotland and Wales.3. UK is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel between England and France in the south and _the North Sea in the east.4. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands.5. The second largest and most important river in UK is the Thames River_.6. The _North Atlantic Drift_, which is a warm current, passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.7. Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in Britain is located in _Scotland_.8. The largest lake in the British Isles is _Laugh Neagh.9. Many Scottish names begin with Mc or Mac, which means “_Son of_”in Gaelic, the old Celtic language of the Scots. 10. The longest river in UK is the Severn, which rises in northeast Wales and flows east through England and south into the Bristol Channel.Chaper3 History of the United Kingdom1. The first known inhabitants in the British Isles are collectively known as the Iberians, although they themselves consisted of different peoples.2. Two of the early invading cultures underlie much of modern British history and culture: The Celts and the Anglo-Saxon_.3. British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion_. In 55BC and 54BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In4.the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully.5. For nearly 400_years, Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation.6. The Roman built many towns, road, baths, temples and buildings. They also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.7. The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. Christianity soon disappeared, except among the Celts of Cornwall, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. But in 597, St. Augustine converted the heathen English to Christianity.8. The early Anglo-Saxons created the Witan to advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.9. King Alfred_, also titled as “Alfred the Great”, founded astrong fleet and is known as “the father of the British navy”.10. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings_,William defeated Harold and killed him. Then William was crowned king of England.11. After Norman Conquest, people in Britain spoke three majorlanguages: Latin, French, and “Old English.1. The _B_ was established soon after Henry II succeeded to thethrone.a. House of Yorkb. House of Plantagenetc. House of Normandyd.House of Tudor2. The founder of the English legal system and the common lawwas _B_.a. Henry Ib. Henry IIc. Stephend. Matilda3. The parliament became a regular agency of the governmentunder A_.A. Henry III b. Simon de Montfort c. Edward I c. EdwardII4. Wales was conquered by _A_.a. Edward Ib. Edward IIc. Henry IIId. Richard I5. The Great Charter includes all the following points except that__D__.a. No tax should be made without the approval of the councilb. No freemen should be arrested except by the law of landc. If the king attempted to free himself from law the vassals hadthe right to force the king to obeyd. The vassals had the sole power to levy a tax on people6. The War of Roses started between two most influential rivals,the family of Lancaster and the Duke of York. Their ultimate goal was for the possession of _B_.A. power b. the Crown c. wealth D. territory7. The Wars of the Roses ended in 1485 with the accession of _A_,the first king of the House of Tudor.A. Henry VI b. Henry VIII c. John of Gaunt d.Edward IV8. It is said that _guns and gunpowder were first used in theHundred Year’s War. This greatly reduced the effectiveness of the English cavalry.9. Which of the following was NOT a result of the HundredYears’War? DA. It spurred the development of woolen textile industryB. It cut down the strength of the feudal lordsC. the Normans began to regard England as their homeD.England ceded some colonies to France10. The Middle Ages in England ended with _B_.a. The Norman Conquestb. the beginning of the TudorMonarchy c. the beginning of Parliament d. the Peasant Uprising11.In _1558_, Elizabeth I’s navy defeated the Spanish Armada.12. The direct cause of Religious Reformation in England was that_C_.A. the Pope wanted more revenue from EnglandB. the Pope wanted England to make up with France after theHundred Years’WarC. Henry VIII decided to divorce his wife Catharine and the Poperejected itD.The Pope refused to appoint Henry VIII as head of the Churchof England.13. England first became a sea power in the time of __D_.a. Anneb. Victoriac. Georged. Elizabeth14. James I clung to the theory of the _B_.A. trial by ordeal b. Divine Right of Kings C. rule by law D.separation of powers15. Guy Fawkes Day is one of the most regularly observednational holidays in England on _A_.a. November 5thb. October 5thc. November 8thd. October 8th16. In religion, Cromwell was an earnest __C_.a. Catholicb. Presbyterianc. Puritand. Muslin17. In 1620, about 100 Puritans started for America in ship named“May flower”.18. The Industrial Revolution started in __D_.A.Canada b. the US c. Australia d. the Great Britain19. The People’s Charter passed during the Chartist Movement was mainly concerned with __B_.A.improving the working condition of industrial workersB.political reforms, especially with regard to the election systemC.further industrial developmentD.condemnation of British imperialism20. Britain declared war on Germany in August, 1914 when Germany invaded _C_.A. France b. Poland c. Belgium d. Serbia21. When Ireland (with the exception of its six northern countries) achieved independence in 1922, the United Kingdom was renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.22. during the 1919 Versailles Peace Treaty, American president Woodrow Wilson wanted to establish an international political organization, _ the League of Nations_, to ensure that a global war would never happen again.23. In Britain, the voting rights was expanded to all men over 21 and all women over 30 in _1918_; the voting rights was expanded to all women over 21 in _1928__.24. The first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is _Robert Walpole_; the present Prime Minister is David Cameron.25. From _the Hanoverian Kings_ onwards, English history is dominated by prime ministers instead of kings or queens. Thisroyal family changed its name to current, more British-sounding name _the House of Windsor_ during the War I.Chaper7 Geography of the United States1. the most important and largest river in the United States of America is _D_.A. the Ohio RiverB. the Colorado RiverC. The MissouriD. the Mississippi River2. To the west of mainland America lays the _B_.A. Atlantic OceanB. Pacific OceanC. Indian OceanD. Arctic Ocean3. The US produces more than 40% of the world’s _B_.A. Wheat and riceB. soybeans and cornC. Tobacco and vegetable oilD. cotton4. Indians emigrated from Asia and they were the earliest settlers in American continent.5. The Five Great Lakes are an excellent example of the direct effects of_glaciations_within this region. These lakes contain nearly _95%_of the fresh surface water in the US and about _18%_ of the world’s fresh water. They are all located between Canada and the Us except Lake__Michigan_.6. The_Appalachian_Mountains were uplifted by multiple collisions of both small and large crustal plates mainly about 300 million years ago; theRocky__Mountains and the Pacific Coast were formed by the interaction of the westward-moving North American tectonic plate and the eastward-moving portions of the Pacific tectonic plate.7. The Mount Rushmore is located within the state of South Dakota_.8. The biggest car-making center, also called the City of Cars is __c_A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. DetroitD. Houston9. The largest center of oil industry, also called the City of Oil in the world is _D_.10. The City of Films, the location of Hollywood, is Los Angeles_.11. The largest state in area is_Alaska_and the smallest one is Rhode Island_. But on the mainland Texas is the largest state of the country.Chapter 8 History of the United States1．The term “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the Church of England.2. The motto of the American colonies was “No taxation without representation”.3. during the American Civil War, the first South state to withdraw from the US was South Carolina.4. The war of 1812is sometimes called the “Second War for Independence”.5. at the beginning of the First World War, the United States pursued a policy of neutrality.6.The United States did not join the Second World War directly until Pearl Harbor incident in December, 1941.7. In September, 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed and Britain recognized the independence of the US.8. Martin Luther King delivered his most famous speeches on August 28, 1863 in Washington, D.C.9. Franklin Roosevelt’s program for the depression was called New Deal.10. The US president is elected by an Electoral College.1. Which of the following was NOT a New England colony? DA. ConnecticutB. New HampshireC. MassachusettsD. Maryland2. The French and Indian War was a war fought between ___C____.A. the French and IndiansB. the English and IndiansC. the French and EnglishD. the English and the Spanish3. The Second Continental Congress was held in ____C___.A New York City B. Boston C. Philadelphia D. Valley Forge5. by ___C_, the United States had finished its territorial expansion in the Continent.A. the late 18th centuryB. the early 19th centuryC. the middle 19th centuryD. the late 19th century6. Richard Nixon resigned in 1974 because of __C___.A. the Great DepressionB. the Black Power MovementC. the Watergate ScandalD. his Isolation Policy7. The American soldiers who returned after World War II resulted in A.A. baby-boomB. family break-upsC. unemploymentD. the Cold War8. The capital of United States is named after __C___.A. George WashingtonB. Christopher ColumbusC. Bothe A and BD. Neither A nor B9. The first British Colony established on America in 1607 is __A___A. JamestownB. Boston HarborC. PhiladelphiaD. Lexington10. In 1783,the United States and the United Kingdom was held signed ___B__ to end the War of Independence.A. Monroe DoctrineB. Treaty of PairsC. Treaty of LondonD. None of the above11. __B_ marks the turning point of American Civil War.A. The Homestead ActB. Battle of GettysburgC. Saratoga VictoryD. The Battle of Lexington12. The decision of establishing the United Nations was made at _B_A. the Tehran ConferenceB. the Yalta ConferenceC. the Postman ConferenceD. none of the above13. China and United States established diplomatic relations in _C__A. Feb.1972B. Dec.1978C. Jan.1979D. Aug.1982Chaper1 Philosophy of western civilization Rationalism----Rationalism refers to the idea that reason was the only path to knowledge. The world is rational and man can resort to human reason to understand Nature.The Middle Ages----After the Greco-Roman Age, Christianity dominated western philosophy. The Christian dominated era in Western Europe is called “the Middle Ages” (ca 476A.D.-ca 1400A.D.), or the Medieval Period, a thousand-year-feudal era which occurred between Antiquity and the Modern Age. Throughout the middle Ages, most thinking was devoted to religious interpretation, or the study of theology.The Renaissance----The French word “renaissance”means “rebirth”in English. It refers to the rebirth of knowledge in Europe,particularly the rediscovery of the Greco-Roman texts. This era was characterized by changes in all areas of human endeavor, based on a new humanism which focused on Man. Gradually observation and systematic experimentation expressed in mathematical terms replaced medieval scholasticism and religious faithWhat are the contrasts between eastern and western philosophical traditions?Three characteristics can be identified. In the East, philosophy has had a longer history; it was founded on the oral tradition; and it contained principles to live by. In the West, philosophy is “younger”; it was recorded in written form; and it made claims supported by logical or empirical argumentsChaper2 Geography of the United KingdomThe Thames River: The Thames River is the second largest and most important river in Britain. It is 336 kilometers long, rising in Southwest England and flowing through England and out into the North Sea. It flows rather slowly, which is very favorable for water transportationThe Chunnel: In 1985 the Britain government and French govern decided to build a channel tunnel, which is called “Chunnel”, under The Straits of Dover so that England and French could be joined together by road. The Chunnel was open to traffic in May 1994.Does Britain have a favorable climate? Why?Although it seems that people are always complaining about the weather in Britain because it is rainy and changeable and unpredictable, the climate in Britain is in General a favorable one. It has a favorable maritime type of climate—winters are mild, not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot, and it has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. It has a small range of temperature. The average temperature in winter in the north is 4~6 ℃and in summer in the south is12~17℃.So even in winter one can still see stretches of green grass on the open country, in the parks and around the houses.Chaper3 History of the United KingdomHeptarch----during the Anglo-Saxon’s time, Britain was divided into many kingdoms, among which there were seven principal kingdoms: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessel, East Anglia, Mercia and North UmbriaThe Norman Conquest ----The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England.Contents and the significance of the Great Charter.Great Charter was signed by King John in 1215 under the press of the barons. It consists of sixty-three clauses.Its important provisions are as follows: (1) no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; (2) no freemen should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of their property; (3) the Church should possess all its rights, together with freedom of elections; (4) London and other towns should retain their traditional rights and privileges, and (5) there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. Although The Great Charter has long been popularly regarded as the foundation of English liberties, it was a statement of the feudal and legal relationships between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of the king, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.The Hundred Years' War and its consequencesThe Hundred Years’War refers to the war between England and France that lasted intermittently from 1337 to 1453. The causes of the war were partly territorial and partly economic. The economic causes were connected with cloth manufacturing towns in Flanders, which were the importer of English wool, but they were loyal to the French king politically. Besides, England's desire to stop France from giving aid to Scots and a growing sense of nationalism were the other causes.The Engli sh’s is being driven out of France is regarded as a blessing for both countries. If the English had remained in France, the superior size and wealth of France would have hindered the development of a separate English national identity, while France was hindered so long as a foreign power occupied so much French territory.Distinctive features of the English Renaissance1) English culture was revitalized not so much directly by the classics as by contemporary Europeans under the influence of the classics;2) England as an insular country followed a course of social and political history which was to a great extent independent of the course of history elsewhere in Europe;3) Owing to the great genius of the 14th century poet Chaucer, the native literature was sufficiently vigorous and experienced in assimilating for foreign influences without being subjected by them;4) English Renaissance coincided with the Reformation in England.The Glorious Revolution of 1688In 1685 Charles II died and was succeeded by his brother James II. James was brought up in exile in Europe, was a Catholic. He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious belief. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic king in 1688 than 40 years ago. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, to invade and take the English throne. William landed in England in 1688. The takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the king. This was known as the Glorious Revolution. Whigs and ToriesThese two party names originated with the Glorious Revolution (1688)The Whig was those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Whig were to form a coalition with dissident Tories in the mid-19th century and become the Liberal PartyThe Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party. .A People’s CharterThere was widespread dissatisfaction with the Reform Act of 1832 and the New Poor Law. In 1836, a group of skilled workers and small shopkeepers formed the London Working Men’s Association. They drew up a charter of political demands(a People’s Charter) in 1838, with the intention of presenting it to Parliament. It had six points: (1)the vote for all adult males;(2)voting by secret ballot; (3)equal electoral districts; (4)abolition of property qualifications for members of Parliament;(5)payment of members of Parliament; (6)annual Parliaments, with a General Election every June.Chaper7 Geography of the United States12. How many types of climate can be found in the United States? Six types of climate can be found in the United States. They are 1) the humid continental climate in the north-eastern part of the country, 2) the humid subtropical climate in the south-eastern part, 3) the continental steppe (⼤草原）climate of the Great Plains, 4) the continental desert climate of the intermountain region, 5) the maritime climate in the north-western part of Pacific coast and 6) the Mediterranean climate in the southern Pacific coast.Chapter 8 History of the United States1. Checks and balances -------Each of the three branches of the government ——the legislative, the executive and the judicial ——has part of the powers but not all the power. Each branch can check, or block, the actions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This is called “checks and balances”.2. Emancipation Proclamation -----On September 22, 1862 during American Civil War, Lincoln issued the famous document Emancipation Proclamation which would become effective onJanuary 1, 1863. it provided that all the black slaves in the rebelling states were freed and they were welcome to join the armed forces of the Union.3. the New Deal------ it was put forward by American President Roosevelt who wanted to do something to deal with the Great Depression at that time. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up some efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to "save American democracy" and to overcome the most serious economic crisis of the capitalist system up to that time.4. The Puritans----- (1)The Puritans were wealthy , well-educated gentlemen . They wanted to purify the Church of England .(2) Dissatisfied with the political corruption in England and threatened with religious persecution , the Puritan Leaders saw the New World as a refuge provided by God for those He meant to save . So in March,1630 , the great Puritan migration began . (3) The Puritans did not allow religious dissent. They went to America to establish what they considered the one true church. / Puritan tradition also involved a respect for learning which led to the establishment of schools and the spread of literacy.Tell briefly the history of the two - party system in the United States. What are the characteristics of the two major parties inthe United States today？There nave been four periods in the history of the two party system in the United States. （1）During the Ratification period，the first two major parties appeared. They were the Federalists and the Anti - Federalists. After the adoption of the Bill of Rights，the Anti - Federalists began to call themselves Democratic - Republicans. The Federalists gradually disintegrated. （2）After the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson，the Democratic - Republican Party split. The party led by Jackson was called Democratic Party and the party agaist Jackson was called the Whig Party which formed in 1834. As the struggle over slavery intensified，the majority of the Whig Party，part of the democrats，and other anti - slavery elements formed the Republican Party in 1854. （3）From 1860s to 1920s，the Republican Party dominated the political scene.（4）From the time of President Franklin Roosevelt to the 1980s，the Democratic Party was dominant，with short interruptions.Traditionally，the Democrats support government intervention in the economy and a strong social security system. While the Republicans stress the role of the market more and oppose large government social security programs. But the two parties are not really very different. They both believe in individualism，defend capitalism and uphold private ownership of means of production. Their organizations are both very loose. But they are both very significant in political life.2. In US, some people are called the religious right or the Christian right. What are their characteristics?They assert that the US is a Christian country; they argue that the Bible takes precedence over scientific findings, and so want to prevent the teaching evolution in schools and are skeptical about global warming. They are ready to adopt a “holy”war against Muslims. Some racists feel the Bible justifies white dominance and oppose abortion and any teaching about sexuality or family planning in schools. They are very troubled by the increasing recognition of homosexual partnerships.。
英美概况试题及答案考研
英美概况试题及答案考研
1. 英国的首都是哪个城市？
答案：伦敦。
2. 美国的独立日是每年的哪一天？
答案：7月4日。
3. 英国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。
4. 美国的首都是哪里？
答案：华盛顿特区。
5. 英国的货币单位是什么？
答案：英镑。
6. 美国的货币单位是什么？
答案：美元。
7. 英国的现任君主是谁？
答案：伊丽莎白二世女王。
8. 美国的现任总统是谁？
答案：[此处填写当前日期的美国现任总统姓名]。
9. 英国最大的城市是哪一个？
答案：伦敦。
10. 美国最大的城市是哪一个？
答案：纽约市。
11. 英国的面积大约是多少？
答案：约243,610平方公里。
12. 美国的面积大约是多少？
答案：约9,525,067平方公里。
13. 英国的人口大约是多少？
答案：约6,600万。
14. 美国的人口大约是多少？
答案：约3.3亿。
15. 英国的国花是什么？
答案：玫瑰。
16. 美国的国花是什么？
答案：玫瑰。
17. 英国的国鸟是什么？
答案：红胸鸲。
18. 美国的国鸟是什么？
答案：白头海雕。
19. 英国的国歌是什么？
答案：《天佑女王》。
20. 美国的国歌是什么？
答案：《星条旗》。
大学英语 英美概况 12单元 答案Unit Twelve
Unit 12The Industrial Revolution and the Formation of the British EmpireAfter the period of the Civil War and the Revolution in the second half of the seventeenth century, Britain entered a new period. The centre of interest in the kingdom was shifted from the internal political struggle to the economic problems and foreign expansion. As the result, the economic development gave rise to the British Industrial Revolution in the last part of the 18th century and foreign expiation gave rise to the British Empire at the end of the nineteenth century.The Development of Britain after the RevolutionsThe Struggle with France1.William III faced dangers. The wild highlanders rose for James and onlywhen they were defeated Scotland accepted William and Mary and the two countries were linked by the Crown2.In July 1690 and English and Dutch army led by William met an Irish andFrench army under James on the banks of River Boyne. It was this victory that saved the English Revolution and Europe from French domination. 3.It was the Battle of La Hogue in May 1692, the great naval victory thatfreed England from the threat of French invasion. The peace made in 1697 was inconclusive, but there were two important consequences of the war.One was the foundation of the Bank of England and the financing of the struggle by loans; the other was an arrangement that was soon to lead to the Cabinet system.4.In 1702, John Churchill destroyed Louis XVI’s army in the War of theSpanish Succession.5.In 1704, he won the victory at Ramilies and drove the French out ofNetherlands.6.In 1707, Act of Union was negotiated. The two Parliaments were united andthe island became Great Britain with the symbolic flag, the Union Jack. 7.In 1713, the Treaty of Utrecht was signed. Britain retained many coloniesfrom France.House of HanoverQueen Anne died in 1714and the crown passed to her cousin George, the Elector of Hanover and thus in England began the Hanoverian rule. The elderly German could speak no English and understood little about English politics. As the result, the Cabinet system of government was gradually established.The succession of Hanover had an important effect on both foreign and domestic policies of the country. Monarch reigned by act of Parliamentinstead of on advice of Parliament. The substitution of Hanover for Stuart implied a completely different set of European connections. Britain’s interest was to pass from the Netherlands to Hanover, and the electorate remained link to the British crown until 1837.The Hanoverian succession also marked very distinctly a new era in the working of the British constitution and Parliamentary politics.The Seven Years’ WarIn the middle of the 18th century, the conflict between France and England in the colonies resulted in the Seven Years’ War, l asting from 1756 to 1763. The War was carried on mainly in India and America. The war was ended by the Peace of Paris in 1763.By the Peace of Paris France ceded all Canada and her American possession west to the 13 colonies to Britain, while in India the French were reduced to two small trading stations and agreed to acknowledge the East India Company’s complete control over the native rulers of the huge provinces: France gave up four of her West Indian islands, as well as her African possessions.Loss of the American ColoniesThe Industrial RevolutionBackground to the Industrial Revolution1.The constitutional monarchy created a good condition for the development of capitalist economy.2.The Enclosures supplied sufficient labourers for the large scale development of capitalist industries.3.The English bourgeoisie had accumulated a large sum of money and completed its “primitive accumulation of capital”.4.The rapid development of handicraft industry laid the necessary foundation of material and technology for machine production.5.The English ideology had also experienced changes.1/ Renaissance2/ the importance of money3/ Francis Bacon4/ Isaac Newton5/ Adam Smith’s the Wealth of NationsProcess pf the Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution in Britain first started in the textile industry.The spinning Jenny: in 1764, by James Hargreaves2. The spinning machine: in 1769, by Richard Arkwright3. The spinning mule: in 1779, by Samuel Crompton4. The power loom: in 1785, by Edmund Cartwright5. The steam engine: in 1769, by James Watt6. The steam locomotive: in 1814, by StephenConsequences of the Industrial Revolution1.Britain became the “workshop of the world” and could produce largequantity of low-priced goods in a more efficient manner. So no country was strong enough to compete with her in foreign trade.2.The social class structure in Britain got simplified. The middle class waspushed to the dominant position and the large majority was turning to the proletariat. So the class struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat occupied the dominant position in England.3.The economic centre and sources of nation’s wealth in Britain also shiftedfrom South to Central and North England, from farms to towns, and from agriculture to industry.4.The country was splitting into two nations of owners and workers, rich andpoor.5.With the establishment of capitalist production and introduction of farmmachines came the agricultural revolution.6.The Industrial revolution also led to social and political movements such astrade unionism and Chartism.So it was not only a technological revolution but also a great social upheaval. Itexerted a great influence on both British society and the world.Political ReformConditions before the ReformUnemployed workers increased and population was multiplying.A new Corn Law passed by the Parliament to keep the corn price up. Conditions were made even worse by the flow of poor workers from Ireland. Strikes commonly happened hand mass meetings were frequently held in many cities, collimating in the “Peterloo Massacre”.Meanwhile both social and political reforms were taking place. Robber Peel created the first efficient police force. And in 1829, the Catholic Emancipation Act was passed.Parliamentary ReformIn 1830, Lord Grey’s Whig government introduced a measure of parliamentary reform. The new Whig government drew up a bill that abolished the rotten boroughs and gave their seats to new towns.In June 1832, it was eventually passed with the support of working class.The industrial and commercial classes won the victory, while the working class who had contributed much got nothing in return.The Chartist MovementBackgroundSince the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the British proletariat had encouraged struggles in different forms to destroy machines and to organize trade unions to struggle for wages and better working conditions.The working class infuriated by unjust treatment and the inhumanity of the Poor Law, had lost faith in the Whigs and their middle class allies. Most of them realized that only by depending on their own strength they could improve social conditions in their favour. Thus they began to act as an independent class and put forward their own demands.ProcessContents: I n 1837, the London Working Association worked out the People’s Charter: universal suffrage; adoption of equal electoral districts; abolition of the property qualifications for Members of Parliament; payment of MPs; secret voting; and annual election of Parliament.Process:1. The charter was formally adopted at a meeting of workers held on August 8, 1838 on Newhall Hill. The elected Convention presented the Charter to the Parliament in the form of a petition in January 1839. It was rejected it in July.2. The second stage began in 1840. A National Charter Association was founded. In 1842 it was presented to the Parliament for the second time. But it wasrejected again.3. In 1848the Chartist Movement experienced its third and last upsurge. The procession was abandoned. After this third failure, the Chartist Moment declined and soon ended.Significance and LessonsThough the Chartist Movement failed, it had opened a new chapter for the history of the working class movement and constituted a glorious page in the history of the worker’s struggle for liberation.The Movement also afforded useful lessons for the political struggle in future of the working class. The lessons were: the leadership was rather weak; the working class was not mature yet and small disagreements might cause disintegration; what was more important, the English bourgeoisie then was not a dying, but a rising class and was still on the rise.Victoria and Her TimeQueen VictoriaVictoria became the queen in 1837 and she ruled the British Empire for sixty years and was another well-known Queen in English history.Victoria’s AgeVictoria’s age was an age of national development and national optimism inBritain, with only occasional doubts about the future.It was full of tremendous changes in almost every respect.In 1859, Origin of Species by Charles Darwin was published in which he put forward a new theory about survival of the fittest in natural world.The change in outlook was a great help to the growth of a grouped famous writers.The improved social condition helped to give the birth of the Fabian Society in 1884, which advocated the English type of “socialism” based on class co-operation.Britain’s social changes at home were the cause and effect of its foreign expansion during the same time.Victoria also established the family virtues by her personality and her influence in life, which set a standard for the English middle class for many years to come.The Rise of the British EmpireColonial ExpansionThe British colonial expansion mainly went through two processes: aggression with a sovereign state and annexation with uninhabited or sparsely populated wild lands.The cases with countries such as India and China belonged to the firstcategory.* Indian Mutiny: in 1857* Opium WarThe English aggression in some places in America and Oceania belonged to the second category.* In 1607, the first permanent colony Jamestown was established and in 1624 the Crown took it over as a royal colony.* In 1766 England established its local government in Canada and later it also gave the colony right of self-government.* As for Australia and New Zealand, the English began colonization there in 1787. A few years later, the colonies in Australia were given internal self-government. In 1900 the commonwealth of Australia was established. New Zealand was annexed by Britain in 1840 and the dominion of New Zealand was established later.In Africa, 1/ the English established their control in Nigeria, Gold Coast, Kenya and Uganda. 2/ In 1857, British government bought a controlling share in the Suez Canal. 3/ the Cape Colony was wrested during the wars from Napoleon, where the Dutch (Boers) lived. 4/ in 1899, the Anglo-Boer War broke out and Britain defeated Boers, and established the South Africa colony. 5/ in the north and northeast, Britain occupied Egypt (1882), Sudan in 1898, Somaliland in 1887. By the beginning of the 20th century, Britain occupied one-third of the whole Africa.In Latin America, Britain also occupied many places, especially in Central America, such as Guiana and Dominica. In addition, there were countless islands and islets in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans which were controlled or claimed by the British government.The Sun-Never-Setting EmpireBy the end of the 19th century Britain had reached the peak of its colonial expansion, and she kept expanding. It had colonies all over the five continents.British ImperialismThe typical capitalist of Britain was now no longer a factory owner running his own business and making efforts to develop industry, but a shareholder drawing dividend from the investment of a vast capital.The features of imperialism:1.the export of capital2.the territorial expansion3.monopolyBy 1900 Britain already revealed at least two important features above mentioned; therefore, Britain had been transformed from capitalism into imperialism.11。
《英美概况》试题（附答案）
《英美概况》试题（附答案）《英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ war sta rted in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A.the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.B. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York ar e located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which givea vivid description of the miserable life of the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slaves49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territ ory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and Japan。
英美概况课后习题集规范标准答案
----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had thelargest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.
英美概况考试题及答案
英美概况考试题及答案<i> 考试</i>学年学期：课程名称：教学秘书签字：专业班级：姓名：学号：Multiple Choice1.Britain does not share land border with any other countries except.A. FranceB. HollandC. ItalyD. The Republic of Ireland2.The island of Great Britain is divided into parts.A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 23.The second longest river in the United Kingdom is the __ .A. Thames RiverB. Clyde RiverC. Severn RiverD. Seine River4.The largest river in the United Kingdom, which runs 356 kilometers and empties into the Bristol Strait, is ______________ .A. the Seven RiverB. the Clyde RiverC. the Thames RiverD. the Potomac River5. ___ oil and gas have made Britain largely self-sufficient inthese vital fuels.A. The AtlanticB. The PacificC. The Red SeaD. The North Sea6.The climate of Britain is one.A. ContinentalB. tropicalC. temperateD. subtropical7.Britain’s major minerals are coal, iron ore, tin ore, lead ore, oil and gas, among which _______ and ____ are the most important.A. coal...lead ore B. coal ...iron ore C. iron ore...tin ore D. coal (i)8.In the Highlands of Scotland stands ____ , Britain’s highest mountain towering 1300 meters.A. the PenninesB. Ben NevisC. The Southern UplandsD. Cumbria9.The largest lake in the U.K. is .A. Lough ErneB. Lake NessC. Lough NeaghD. Lake Lomond10.The main rivers parting in Great Britain runs from _ t o ___A. north…eastB. south…westC. central…eastD. north…south11.The weather in Great Britain conditions vary rapidly because of .A.the much rainfallB. a little sunshineC.the edge of European continental anticycloneD.a series of cyclonic depressions from Ireland or Greenland12.Of the three parts of Great Britain, __ is the smallest bothin area and population.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. WalesD. Irland13.The most important river in the United Kingdom is _ .A. the Clyde RiverB. the Seven RiverC. the Thames RiverD. the Forth River14.Among the four administrative units the most populous and developed is ___ .A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland15.In Scotland there is the Clyde River, on which is situated a ship-building center --- ___________ .A. BelfastB. LondonC. GlasgowD. Manchester16.The Towns in Scotland are called .A. CountriesB. shiresC. communitiesD. burghs<i> 考试</i>17.Big Ben is a famous in London.A. StatueB. bridgeC. hotelD. clock18.The Port of London is Britain’s most important __ .A. SeaportB. airportC. railway stationD. military base19.The famous Speaker’s Corner is an area i nside ___, London, where speakers address thepublic, especially on Sundays.A. the West EndB. Hyde ParkC. WhitehallD. Westminster Abbey20.The Westminster Abbey is the place where ___ .A.the British royal residence in London is located.B.Almost all English kings and queens have been crownedC.The British Prime Minister livesD.The British Parliament is located21.Buckingham Palace is the London residence for _ .A. the King or QueenB. the Prime MinisterC. the Speaker of the CommonsD. the Lord Chancellor of the Upper House22.The London residence for the King or Queen is _ .A. Hyde ParkB.Buckingham PalaceC. No. 10 Down StreetD.The East End23.The famous street where offices of the most important ministries of the United Kingdom arelocated, is ____ .A. Downing StreetB. Wall StreetC. WhitehallD. Broadway24.London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is situated on __ near its mouth.A. the Thames RiverB. the Severn RiverC. the Clyde RiverD. the Tees River25.Britain’s largest manufacturing industry is .A. textile industryB. iron and steel industryC. oil-producing industryD. aircraft industry26.Britain once reigned supreme in the world of __ industry.A. PaperB. electronicC. mineralD. textile27.One of the main characteristics of British economy is ___ .A.the purchase of raw materials and the sale of manufacturedgoods abroad.B.To import oil from abroadC.To sell coal abroadD.To exchange goods with foreign nations so as to get vital foodstuffs and manufacturedgoods28.The main agricultural products in Britain are _____ , barley, potatoes, sugar-beets and oats.A. RiceB. wheatC. tobaccoD. peanuts29.It was the who brought the English language into England.A. Anglo-saxonsB. CeltsC. NormansD. Danes30.as a nation took shape as a result of the unification of the seven warring kingdoms in827.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. IrelandD. England31.The English language belongs to _ .A. the Indo-EuropeanB. the Hamito-SemiticC. the Sino-TibetanD. the Altaic32.The two major political parties in Britain are the Conservative Party and the _____ .A. Republican PartyB. Democratic PartyC. Labour PartyD. Liberal Party<i> 考试</i>33.The Liberal Party, the third largest party of the United Kingdom, developed from the ____________ in1839.A. Whig PartyB. Tory PartyC. Conservative PartyD. Labour Party34.______________________ Of all the English universities andare the most well- known.A. Oxford University … Eton UniversityB. OxfordUniversity…Cambridge UniversityC.Eton College …Winchests CollegeD. Harvard…Yale35.The grammar school in modern Britain _ .A.offers only grammar lessons to pupilsB.emphasizes academic studies and offers more subjects than any other secondary schoolsC.make a point of giving practical instructions which are considered to be of help in thepupils’ future workD.only takes in the pupils who are interested in grammar36.The is an examination taken at about the age of eleven,to decide which type ofsecondary school a British child will attend.A. Eleven-plusB. “Eleven Tests”C. Eleven-minusD. Eleventh Test37.The Redbrick universities are those including all the provincial universities of the period1850-1930, with __ as a representative.A. OxfordB. CambridgeC. London UniversityD. Polytechnics38.are the foundation-layers of the English education.A. Grammar schoolsB. Secondary modern schoolsC. Public schoolsD. Nursery schools39.is the nickname of Britain.A. Uncle SamB. John ArbuthnotC. Robin HoodD. John Bull40.Most British couples have their wedding ceremony _ with the bride dressed in ____ .A. at home…a long pink dressB. in a park…a short skirtC. in the church…a long white dressD. in the open…a short blue skirt41.The best-known quality of the British people is exclusiveness. One of the important reasons isthe special geographical location of Britain. The other is ______ .A. its Industrial RevolutionB. its separate nationalityC. the cutting-off of BritainD. the distinct development of its history.42.i s the English sense of humor.A. Self-importanceB. Self-confidenceC. Self-deprecatingD. Self-knowing43.Which of the following holidays is Not celebrated in Britain?A. EasterB. ChristmasC. Thanksgiving DayD. April Fool’s Day44.On __ the British people hold dances, games, etc. to welcome spring.A. Christmas DayB. New Year’s DayC. May DayD. April Fool’s Day45.April Fool’s Day is on .A. 1st of AprilB. 2nd of AprilC. 20th of AprilD. 30th of April46.When you are invited to a dinner, you must __ .A. be punctualB. be a little lateC. be sure to attendD. be a little early47.Children reach their adolescence when they are __years of age.A. eight or nineB. ten or elevenC. thirteen or fourteenD. seventeen or eighteen48.In Britain the “__ ” emergency dialing service is free of charge, by which people are quiteconvenient to be connected rapidly to police, ambulance or fire service.A. 999B. 109C. 119D. 303<i> 考试</i>49.In Britain only taxi drivers and waiters are permitted to accept a tip, which is usually an extra__ of the price of the fare or meal.A. tenth or eighthB. twentiethC. halfD. 80%50.The British people are great lovers of betting. The most money they bet mainly on _____ .A. horse racingB. BingoC. football poolsD. dog racingFill in the blanks.1.The full name of the United Kingdom is ___ and ____ .2.The island of Great Britain is made up of ____ , __ and ___ .3.The United Kingdom has been a member of ____ since 1973.4.London plays a significant role in ___ economic and cultural life. It’s not only the financial__ of the nation, but also one of _________ major international financial centers in ________________________ .5.Britain consists of ______ nations, including England, ________ , ______ and.6.The capital of Britain is ____ , which has great influence on the UK in all fields including__ , ___ and ___. two Scottish cities which have ancient and internationally respected universities: ____and ____ .8.Both the Scottish and Welsh people elect their members of parliaments to the LondonParliament and each holds ___ and ___ seats respectively.9.The capital of Scotland is ______ , which is well-known for its natural ___ .10.Although Wales is the smallest of the three nations on the _ mainland, it’s good at getting___ from abroad, particularly Japan and ____ .<i> 考试</i>DAAAD CDBCD DCcBC DDABB ABCAB DABAD ACABB ACCDC DCCBA ACAAAthe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandEngland; Scotland; WalesEuropean UnionBritain’s; center; the three; the worldfour, Scotland, Wales, Northern IrelandLondon, government, economy, cultureGlasgow, Edinburgh72, 38Edinburgh, beautyBritish, investment, America。
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1.___ of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history, in which William, the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his followers.
A. The Roman Conquest
B. The Anglo-Saxon Conquest
C. The Norman Conquest
D. The Celt Conquest
2.As a result of the Black Death，___________.
A. all land was left untended
B. no labor was required any longer
C. 1and owners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming
D. surviving peasants were not able to bargain about their wages
3. Which of the following statements about Elizabeth I (1558-1603) is true?
A. Elizabeth was 35 when she came to the throne.
B. Elizabeth remained single.
C. Elizabeth was not able to work with Parliament.
D. Her reign was a time of diminishing English nationalism.
4. The English Civil War is also called ___________ .
A. the Revolutionary War
B. the Puritan Revolution
C. the Reformation
D. the Renaissance
5. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The head of State is a king or a queen .In practice，___________.
A. Parliament rules the country
B. the Sovereign reigns but does not rule
C. the Sovereign rules but does not reign
D. the Prime Minister rules and reigns 6.In January,1973，Britain finally became a full member of the___________，which was established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957.
A. Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development
B. Organization of European Development
C. European Economic Community
D. European Union
7. The major Christian festivals in Britain are___________ .
A. Christmas, Easter and Mother’s Day
B. Christmas, Easter and Whit Sunday
C. Christmas，Guy Fawkes Day and St. Patrick’s Day
D. Christmas，Whit Sunday and St. George’s Day
8. The Commonwealth of Nations is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. At present there are ___________ countries within the Commonwealth (1991).
A. 30
B. 40
C. 50
D. 60
II. True or False.
1. The Black Death caused a great shortage of labor, and so did the Enclosures.
2. Both the UK and Russia are members of the G7.
1。