distributed propulsion technology and its potential application for the all electric commercial airc
电气自动化专业英语词汇
acceleration transducer 加速度传感器acceptance testing 验收测试accessibility 可及性accumulated error 累积误差AC—DC-AC frequency converter 交—直—交变频器AC （alternating current) electric drive 交流电子传动active attitude stabilization 主动姿态稳定actuator 驱动器，执行机构adaline 线性适应元adaptation layer 适应层adaptive telemeter system 适应遥测系统adjoint operator 伴随算子admissible error 容许误差aggregation matrix 集结矩阵AHP （analytic hierarchy process) 层次分析法amplifying element 放大环节analog-digital conversion 模数转换annunciator 信号器antenna pointing control 天线指向控制anti—integral windup 抗积分饱卷aperiodic decomposition 非周期分解a posteriori estimate 后验估计approximate reasoning 近似推理a priori estimate 先验估计articulated robot 关节型机器人assignment problem 配置问题,分配问题associative memory model 联想记忆模型associatron 联想机asymptotic stability 渐进稳定性attained pose drift 实际位姿漂移attitude acquisition 姿态捕获AOCS (attritude and orbit control system) 姿态轨道控制系统attitude angular velocity 姿态角速度attitude disturbance 姿态扰动attitude maneuver 姿态机动attractor 吸引子augment ability 可扩充性augmented system 增广系统automatic manual station 自动-手动操作器automaton 自动机backlash characteristics 间隙特性base coordinate system 基座坐标系Bayes classifier 贝叶斯分类器bearing alignment 方位对准bellows pressure gauge 波纹管压力表benefit-cost analysis 收益成本分析bilinear system 双线性系统biocybernetics 生物控制论biological feedback system 生物反馈系统black box testing approach 黑箱测试法blind search 盲目搜索block diagonalization 块对角化Boltzman machine 玻耳兹曼机bottom—up development 自下而上开发boundary value analysis 边界值分析brainstorming method 头脑风暴法breadth—first search 广度优先搜索butterfly valve 蝶阀CAE （computer aided engineering) 计算机辅助工程CAM （computer aided manufacturing) 计算机辅助制造Camflex valve 偏心旋转阀canonical state variable 规范化状态变量capacitive displacement transducer 电容式位移传感器capsule pressure gauge 膜盒压力表CARD 计算机辅助研究开发Cartesian robot 直角坐标型机器人cascade compensation 串联补偿catastrophe theory 突变论centrality 集中性chained aggregation 链式集结chaos 混沌characteristic locus 特征轨迹chemical propulsion 化学推进calrity 清晰性classical information pattern 经典信息模式classifier 分类器clinical control system 临床控制系统closed loop pole 闭环极点closed loop transfer function 闭环传递函数cluster analysis 聚类分析coarse—fine control 粗—精控制cobweb model 蛛网模型coefficient matrix 系数矩阵cognitive science 认知科学cognitron 认知机coherent system 单调关联系统combination decision 组合决策combinatorial explosion 组合爆炸combined pressure and vacuum gauge 压力真空表command pose 指令位姿companion matrix 相伴矩阵compartmental model 房室模型compatibility 相容性，兼容性compensating network 补偿网络compensation 补偿，矫正compliance 柔顺，顺应composite control 组合控制computable general equilibrium model 可计算一般均衡模型conditionally instability 条件不稳定性configuration 组态connectionism 连接机制connectivity 连接性conservative system 守恒系统consistency 一致性constraint condition 约束条件consumption function 消费函数context—free grammar 上下文无关语法continuous discrete event hybrid system simulation 连续离散事件混合系统仿真continuous duty 连续工作制control accuracy 控制精度control cabinet 控制柜controllability index 可控指数controllable canonical form 可控规范型[control］plant 控制对象，被控对象controlling instrument 控制仪表control moment gyro 控制力矩陀螺control panel 控制屏，控制盘control synchro 控制[式]自整角机control system synthesis 控制系统综合control time horizon 控制时程cooperative game 合作对策coordinability condition 可协调条件coordination strategy 协调策略coordinator 协调器corner frequency 转折频率costate variable 共态变量cost—effectiveness analysis 费用效益分析coupling of orbit and attitude 轨道和姿态耦合critical damping 临界阻尼critical stability 临界稳定性cross—over frequency 穿越频率,交越频率current source inverter 电流[源］型逆变器cut—off frequency 截止频率cybernetics 控制论cyclic remote control 循环遥控cylindrical robot 圆柱坐标型机器人damped oscillation 阻尼振荡damper 阻尼器damping ratio 阻尼比data acquisition 数据采集data encryption 数据加密data preprocessing 数据预处理data processor 数据处理器DC generator-motor set drive 直流发电机-电动机组传动D controller 微分控制器decentrality 分散性decentralized stochastic control 分散随机控制decision space 决策空间decision support system 决策支持系统decomposition—aggregation approach 分解集结法decoupling parameter 解耦参数deductive-inductive hybrid modeling method 演绎与归纳混合建模法delayed telemetry 延时遥测derivation tree 导出树derivative feedback 微分反馈describing function 描述函数desired value 希望值despinner 消旋体destination 目的站detector 检出器deterministic automaton 确定性自动机deviation 偏差舱deviation alarm 偏差报警器DFD 数据流图diagnostic model 诊断模型diagonally dominant matrix 对角主导矩阵diaphragm pressure gauge 膜片压力表difference equation model 差分方程模型differential dynamical system 微分动力学系统differential game 微分对策differential pressure level meter 差压液位计differential pressure transmitter 差压变送器differential transformer displacement transducer 差动变压器式位移传感器differentiation element 微分环节digital filer 数字滤波器digital signal processing 数字信号处理digitization 数字化digitizer 数字化仪dimension transducer 尺度传感器direct coordination 直接协调disaggregation 解裂discoordination 失协调discrete event dynamic system 离散事件动态系统discrete system simulation language 离散系统仿真语言discriminant function 判别函数displacement vibration amplitude transducer 位移振幅传感器dissipative structure 耗散结构distributed parameter control system 分布参数控制系统distrubance 扰动disturbance compensation 扰动补偿diversity 多样性divisibility 可分性domain knowledge 领域知识dominant pole 主导极点dose-response model 剂量反应模型dual modulation telemetering system 双重调制遥测系统dual principle 对偶原理dual spin stabilization 双自旋稳定duty ratio 负载比dynamic braking 能耗制动dynamic characteristics 动态特性dynamic deviation 动态偏差dynamic error coefficient 动态误差系数dynamic exactness 动它吻合性dynamic input—output model 动态投入产出模型econometric model 计量经济模型economic cybernetics 经济控制论economic effectiveness 经济效益economic evaluation 经济评价economic index 经济指数economic indicator 经济指标eddy current thickness meter 电涡流厚度计effectiveness 有效性effectiveness theory 效益理论elasticity of demand 需求弹性electric actuator 电动执行机构electric conductance levelmeter 电导液位计electric drive control gear 电动传动控制设备electric hydraulic converter 电-液转换器electric pneumatic converter 电-气转换器electrohydraulic servo vale 电液伺服阀electromagnetic flow transducer 电磁流量传感器electronic batching scale 电子配料秤electronic belt conveyor scale 电子皮带秤electronic hopper scale 电子料斗秤elevation 仰角emergency stop 异常停止empirical distribution 经验分布endogenous variable 内生变量equilibrium growth 均衡增长equilibrium point 平衡点equivalence partitioning 等价类划分ergonomics 工效学error 误差error-correction parsing 纠错剖析estimate 估计量estimation theory 估计理论evaluation technique 评价技术event chain 事件链evolutionary system 进化系统exogenous variable 外生变量expected characteristics 希望特性external disturbance 外扰fact base 事实failure diagnosis 故障诊断fast mode 快变模态feasibility study 可行性研究feasible coordination 可行协调feasible region 可行域feature detection 特征检测feature extraction 特征抽取feedback compensation 反馈补偿feedforward path 前馈通路field bus 现场总线finite automaton 有限自动机FIP (factory information protocol）工厂信息协议first order predicate logic 一阶谓词逻辑fixed sequence manipulator 固定顺序机械手fixed set point control 定值控制FMS (flexible manufacturing system）柔性制造系统flow sensor/transducer 流量传感器flow transmitter 流量变送器fluctuation 涨落forced oscillation 强圃获荡formal language theory 形式语言理论formal neuron 形式神经元forward path 正向通路forward reasoning 正向推理fractal 分形体，分维体frequency converter 变频器frequency domain model reduction method 频域模型降阶法frequency response 频域响应full order observer 全阶观测器functional decomposition 功能分解FES （functional electrical stimulation) 功能电刺激functional simularity 功能相似fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑game tree 对策树gate valve 闸阀general equilibrium theory 一般均衡理论generalized least squares estimation 广义最小二乘估计generation function 生成函数geomagnetic torque 地磁力矩geometric similarity 几何相似gimbaled wheel 框架轮global asymptotic stability 全局渐进稳定性global optimum 全局最优globe valve 球形阀goal coordination method 目标协调法grammatical inference 文法推断graphic search 图搜索gravity gradient torque 重力梯度力矩group technology 成组技术guidance system 制导系统gyro drift rate 陀螺漂移率gyrostat 陀螺体Hall displacement transducer 霍尔式位移传感器hardware-in—the—loop simulation 半实物仿真harmonious deviation 和谐偏差harmonious strategy 和谐策略heuristic inference 启发式推理hidden oscillation 隐蔽振荡hierarchical chart 层次结构图hierarchical planning 递阶规划hierarchical control 递阶控制homeostasis 内稳态homomorphic model 同态系统horizontal decomposition 横向分解hormonal control 内分泌控制hydraulic step motor 液压步进马达hypercycle theory 超循环理论I controller 积分控制器identifiability 可辨识性IDSS （intelligent decision support system)智能决策支持系统image recognition 图像识别impulse 冲量impulse function 冲击函数，脉冲函数inching 点动incompatibility principle 不相容原理incremental motion control 增量运动控制index of merit 品质因数inductive force transducer 电感式位移传感器inductive modeling method 归纳建模法industrial automation 工业自动化inertial attitude sensor 惯性姿态敏感器inertial coordinate system 惯性坐标系inertial wheel 惯性轮inference engine 推理机infinite dimensional system 无穷维系统information acquisition 信息采集infrared gas analyzer 红外线气体分析器inherent nonlinearity 固有非线性inherent regulation 固有调节initial deviation 初始偏差initiator 发起站injection attitude 入轨姿势input-output model 投入产出模型instability 不稳定性instruction level language 指令级语言integral of absolute value of error criterion 绝对误差积分准则integral of squared error criterion 平方误差积分准则integral performance criterion 积分性能准则integration instrument 积算仪器integrity 整体性intelligent terminal 智能终端interacted system 互联系统，关联系统interactive prediction approach 互联预估法，关联预估法interconnection 互联intermittent duty 断续工作制internal disturbance 内扰ISM （interpretive structure modeling) 解释结构建模法invariant embedding principle 不变嵌入原理inventory theory 库伦论inverse Nyquist diagram 逆奈奎斯特图inverter 逆变器investment decision 投资决策isomorphic model 同构模型iterative coordination 迭代协调jet propulsion 喷气推进job-lot control 分批控制joint 关节Kalman-Bucy filer 卡尔曼—布西滤波器knowledge accomodation 知识顺应knowledge acquisition 知识获取knowledge assimilation 知识同化KBMS (knowledge base management system）知识库管理系统knowledge representation 知识表达ladder diagram 梯形图lag—lead compensation 滞后超前补偿Lagrange duality 拉格朗曰对偶性Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换large scale system 大系统lateral inhibition network 侧抑制网络least cost input 最小成本投入least squares criterion 最小二乘准则level switch 物位开关libration damping 天平动阻尼limit cycle 极限环linearization technique 线性化方法linear motion electric drive 直线运动电气传动linear motion valve 直行程阀linear programming 线性规划LQR （linear quadratic regulator problem）线性二次调节器问题load cell 称重传感器local asymptotic stability 局部渐近稳定性local optimum 局部最优log magnitude—phase diagram 对数幅相图long term memory 长期记忆lumped parameter model 集总参数模型Lyapunov theorem of asymptotic stability李雅普诺夫渐近稳定性定理macro-economic system 宏观经济系统magnetic dumping 磁卸载magnetoelastic weighing cell 磁致弹性称重传感器magnitude—frequency characteristic 幅频特性magnitude margin 幅值裕度magnitude scale factor 幅值比例尺manipulator 机械手man—machine coordination 人机协调manual station 手动操作器MAP (manufacturing automation protocol）制造自动化协议marginal effectiveness 边际效益Mason’s gain formula 梅森增益公式master station 主站matching criterion 匹配准则maximum likelihood estimation 最大似然估计maximum overshoot 最大超调量maximum principle 极大值原理mean-square error criterion 均方误差准则mechanism model 机理模型meta-knowledge 元知识metallurgical automation 冶金自动化minimal realization 最小实现minimum phase system 最小相位系统minimum variance estimation 最小方差估计minor loop 副回路missile-target relative movement simulator 弹体—目标相对运动仿真器modal aggregation 模态集结modal transformation 模态变换MB (model base）模型库model confidence 模型置信度model fidelity 模型逼真度model reference adaptive control system 模型参考适应控制系统model verification 模型验证modularization 模块化MEC (most economic control）最经济控制motion space 可动空间MTBF (mean time between failures）平均故障间隔时间MTTF （mean time to failures）平均无故障时间multi—attributive utility function 多属性效用函数multicriteria 多重判据multilevel hierarchical structure 多级递阶结构multiloop control 多回路控制multi—objective decision 多目标决策multistate logic 多态逻辑multistratum hierarchical control 多段递阶控制multivariable control system 多变量控制系统myoelectric control 肌电控制Nash optimality 纳什最优性natural language generation 自然语言生成nearest-neighbor 最近邻necessity measure 必然性侧度negative feedback 负反馈neural assembly 神经集合neural network computer 神经网络计算机Nichols chart 尼科尔斯图noetic science 思维科学noncoherent system 非单调关联系统noncooperative game 非合作博弈nonequilibrium state 非平衡态nonlinear element 非线性环节nonmonotonic logic 非单调逻辑nonparametric training 非参数训练nonreversible electric drive 不可逆电气传动nonsingular perturbation 非奇异摄动non—stationary random process 非平稳随机过程nuclear radiation levelmeter 核辐射物位计nutation sensor 章动敏感器Nyquist stability criterion 奈奎斯特稳定判据[size=9pt]objective function 目标函数observability index 可观测指数observable canonical form 可观测规范型on—line assistance 在线帮助on—off control 通断控制open loop pole 开环极点operational research model 运筹学模型optic fiber tachometer 光纤式转速表optimal trajectory 最优轨迹optimization technique 最优化技术orbital rendezvous 轨道交会orbit gyrocompass 轨道陀螺罗盘orbit perturbation 轨道摄动order parameter 序参数orientation control 定向控制originator 始发站oscillating period 振荡周期output prediction method 输出预估法oval wheel flowmeter 椭圆齿轮流量计overall design 总体设计overdamping 过阻尼overlapping decomposition 交叠分解Pade approximation 帕德近似Pareto optimality 帕雷托最优性passive attitude stabilization 被动姿态稳定path repeatability 路径可重复性pattern primitive 模式基元PR （pattern recognition) 模式识别P control 比例控制器peak time 峰值时间penalty function method 罚函数法perceptron 感知器periodic duty 周期工作制perturbation theory 摄动理论pessimistic value 悲观值phase locus 相轨迹phase trajectory 相轨迹phase lead 相位超前photoelectric tachometric transducer 光电式转速传感器phrase—structure grammar 短句结构文法physical symbol system 物理符号系统piezoelectric force transducer 压电式力传感器playback robot 示教再现式机器人PLC （programmable logic controller) 可编程序逻辑控制器plug braking 反接制动plug valve 旋塞阀pneumatic actuator 气动执行机构point-to-point control 点位控制polar robot 极坐标型机器人pole assignment 极点配置pole—zero cancellation 零极点相消polynomial input 多项式输入portfolio theory 投资搭配理论pose overshoot 位姿过调量position measuring instrument 位置测量仪posentiometric displacement transducer 电位器式位移传感器positive feedback 正反馈power system automation 电力系统自动化predicate logic 谓词逻辑pressure gauge with electric contact 电接点压力表pressure transmitter 压力变送器price coordination 价格协调primal coordination 主协调primary frequency zone 主频区PCA （principal component analysis) 主成分分析法principle of turnpike 大道原理priority 优先级process-oriented simulation 面向过程的仿真production budget 生产预算production rule 产生式规则profit forecast 利润预测PERT （program evaluation and review technique) 计划评审技术program set station 程序设定操作器proportional control 比例控制proportional plus derivative controller 比例微分控制器protocol engineering 协议工程prototype 原型pseudo random sequence 伪随机序列pseudo—rate-increment control 伪速率增量控制pulse duration 脉冲持续时间pulse frequency modulation control system脉冲调频控制系统pulse width modulation control system 脉冲调宽控制系统PWM inverter 脉宽调制逆变器pushdown automaton 下推自动机QC (quality control）质量管理quadratic performance index 二次型性能指标qualitative physical model 定性物理模型quantized noise 量化噪声quasilinear characteristics 准线性特性queuing theory 排队论radio frequency sensor 射频敏感器ramp function 斜坡函数random disturbance 随机扰动random process 随机过程rate integrating gyro 速率积分陀螺ratio station 比值操作器reachability 可达性reaction wheel control 反作用轮控制realizability 可实现性，能实现性real time telemetry 实时遥测receptive field 感受野rectangular robot 直角坐标型机器人rectifier 整流器recursive estimation 递推估计reduced order observer 降阶观测器redundant information 冗余信息reentry control 再入控制regenerative braking 回馈制动,再生制动regional planning model 区域规划模型regulating device 调节装载regulation 调节relational algebra 关系代数relay characteristic 继电器特性remote manipulator 遥控操作器remote regulating 遥调remote set point adjuster 远程设定点调整器rendezvous and docking 交会和对接reproducibility 再现性resistance thermometer sensor 热电阻resolution principle 归结原理resource allocation 资源分配response curve 响应曲线return difference matrix 回差矩阵return ratio matrix 回比矩阵reverberation 回响reversible electric drive 可逆电气传动revolute robot 关节型机器人revolution speed transducer 转速传感器rewriting rule 重写规则rigid spacecraft dynamics 刚性航天动力学risk decision 风险分析robotics 机器人学robot programming language 机器人编程语言robust control 鲁棒控制robustness 鲁棒性roll gap measuring instrument 辊缝测量仪root locus 根轨迹roots flowmeter 腰轮流量计rotameter 浮子流量计，转子流量计rotary eccentric plug valve 偏心旋转阀rotary motion valve 角行程阀rotating transformer 旋转变压器Routh approximation method 劳思近似判据routing problem 路径问题sampled—data control system 采样控制系统sampling control system 采样控制系统saturation characteristics 饱和特性scalar Lyapunov function 标量李雅普诺夫函数SCARA (selective compliance assembly robot arm）平面关节型机器人scenario analysis method 情景分析法scene analysis 物景分析s—domain s域self-operated controller 自力式控制器self-organizing system 自组织系统self—reproducing system 自繁殖系统self-tuning control 自校正控制semantic network 语义网络semi—physical simulation 半实物仿真sensing element 敏感元件sensitivity analysis 灵敏度分析sensory control 感觉控制sequential decomposition 顺序分解sequential least squares estimation 序贯最小二乘估计servo control 伺服控制，随动控制servomotor 伺服马达settling time 过渡时间sextant 六分仪short term planning 短期计划short time horizon coordination 短时程协调signal detection and estimation 信号检测和估计signal reconstruction 信号重构similarity 相似性simulated interrupt 仿真中断simulation block diagram 仿真框图simulation experiment 仿真实验simulation velocity 仿真速度simulator 仿真器single axle table 单轴转台single degree of freedom gyro 单自由度陀螺single level process 单级过程single value nonlinearity 单值非线性singular attractor 奇异吸引子singular perturbation 奇异摄动sink 汇点slaved system 受役系统slower—than-real-time simulation 欠实时仿真slow subsystem 慢变子系统socio—cybernetics 社会控制论socioeconomic system 社会经济系统software psychology 软件心理学solar array pointing control 太阳帆板指向控制solenoid valve 电磁阀source 源点specific impulse 比冲speed control system 调速系统spin axis 自旋轴spinner 自旋体stability criterion 稳定性判据stability limit 稳定极限stabilization 镇定，稳定Stackelberg decision theory 施塔克尔贝格决策理论state equation model 状态方程模型state space description 状态空间描述static characteristics curve 静态特性曲线station accuracy 定点精度stationary random process 平稳随机过程statistical analysis 统计分析statistic pattern recognition 统计模式识别steady state deviation 稳态偏差steady state error coefficient 稳态误差系数step-by-step control 步进控制step function 阶跃函数stepwise refinement 逐步精化stochastic finite automaton 随机有限自动机strain gauge load cell 应变式称重传感器strategic function 策略函数strongly coupled system 强耦合系统subjective probability 主观频率suboptimality 次优性supervised training 监督学习supervisory computer control system 计算机监控系统sustained oscillation 自持振荡swirlmeter 旋进流量计switching point 切换点symbolic processing 符号处理synaptic plasticity 突触可塑性synergetics 协同学syntactic analysis 句法分析system assessment 系统评价systematology 系统学system homomorphism 系统同态system isomorphism 系统同构system engineering 系统工程tachometer 转速表target flow transmitter 靶式流量变送器task cycle 作业周期teaching programming 示教编程telemechanics 远动学telemetering system of frequency divisiontype 频分遥测系统telemetry 遥测teleological system 目的系统teleology 目的论temperature transducer 温度传感器template base 模版库tensiometer 张力计texture 纹理theorem proving 定理证明therapy model 治疗模型thermocouple 热电偶thermometer 温度计thickness meter 厚度计three—axis attitude stabilization 三轴姿态稳定three state controller 三位控制器thrust vector control system 推力矢量控制系统thruster 推力器time constant 时间常数time—invariant system 定常系统，非时变系统time schedule controller 时序控制器time-sharing control 分时控制time—varying parameter 时变参数top-down testing 自上而下测试topological structure 拓扑结构TQC (total quality control) 全面质量管理tracking error 跟踪误差trade—off analysis 权衡分析transfer function matrix 传递函数矩阵transformation grammar 转换文法transient deviation 瞬态偏差transient process 过渡过程transition diagram 转移图transmissible pressure gauge 电远传压力表transmitter 变送器trend analysis 趋势分析triple modulation telemetering system 三重调制遥测系统turbine flowmeter 涡轮流量计Turing machine 图灵机two-time scale system 双时标系统ultrasonic levelmeter 超声物位计unadjustable speed electric drive 非调速电气传动unbiased estimation 无偏估计underdamping 欠阻尼uniformly asymptotic stability 一致渐近稳定性uninterrupted duty 不间断工作制，长期工作制unit circle 单位圆unit testing 单元测试unsupervised learing 非监督学习upper level problem 上级问题urban planning 城市规划utility function 效用函数value engineering 价值工程variable gain 可变增益，可变放大系数variable structure control system 变结构控制vector Lyapunov function 向量李雅普诺夫函数velocity error coefficient 速度误差系数velocity transducer 速度传感器vertical decomposition 纵向分解vibrating wire force transducer 振弦式力传感器vibrometer 振动计viscous damping 粘性阻尼voltage source inverter 电压源型逆变器vortex precession flowmeter 旋进流量计vortex shedding flowmeter 涡街流量计WB （way base）方法库weighing cell 称重传感器weighting factor 权因子weighting method 加权法Whittaker-Shannon sampling theorem 惠特克—香农采样定理Wiener filtering 维纳滤波work station for computer aided design 计算机辅助设计工作站w-plane w平面zero—based budget 零基预算zero—input response 零输入响应zero—state response 零状态响应电气自动化专业词汇zero sum game model 零和对策模型z—transform z变换[/size］11。
大翼展混合驱动无人水下航行器总体设计及性能分析
大翼展混合驱动无人水下航行器总体设计及性能分析凌宏杰1,2，张学丰1,2，孙玉山1，王志东2，张 贝2(1. 哈尔滨工程大学 水下机器人技术重点实验室，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001；2. 江苏科技大学 海洋装备研究院，江苏 镇江 212003)摘要: 为实现长航程、复杂海洋环境中航向高保持能力，本文提出一种高升阻比、分布式推进的新型大翼展水下无人航行器。
针对设计目标，基于模块化设计思想，采用仿生构型，完成了大翼展推进与滑翔混合驱动航行器的总体设计，给出了浮力调节系统、重心调节系统、滑翔翼翼型与主尺度、推进器选型及布局等核心单元设计。
为提高航行器的生存能力，航行器采用多舱室独立设计及应急抛载单元。
基于有限元软件对航行器中耐压壳体进行强度、与刚度的数值与算与分析，结果表明满足规范要求，满足水下1 000 m工作要求。
本文所提出的分布式滑翔与推进混合驱动滑翔机的设计理念，具有大翼展高升阻比特性，减小滑翔角，满足长航程要求，解决了目前水下航行器航向改变响应速度慢，无法突破导中尺度涡的现象。
关键词：水下机器人；混合驱动；分布式推进；中尺度涡中图分类号：U674.38 文献标识码：A文章编号： 1672 – 7649(2020)12 – 0029 – 07 doi：10.3404/j.issn.1672 – 7649.2020.12.006Overall design and performance analysis of large wingspanhybrid drive unmanned underwater vehicleLING Hong-jie1,2, ZHANG Xue-feng1,2, SUN Yu-shan1, WANG Zhi-dong2, ZHANG Bei2(1. Science and Technology on Underwater Vehicle Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China;2. Institute of Marine Equipment, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China)Abstract: In order to realize the high heading capacity in the long range and complex marine environment, this paper proposes a new type of large wingspan unmanned underwater vehicle with high lift resistance and distributed propulsion. Aiming at the design goal, based on the modular design idea and adopting the bionic configuration, the overall design of the large-wing propulsion and gliding hybrid-driven aircraft is completed, and the buoyancy regulation system, the center of gravity adjustment system, the gliding wing type and the main scale, and the propulsion are given. Core unit design such as device selection and layout. In order to improve the survivability of the aircraft, the aircraft adopts multi-chamber independ-ent design and emergency throwing unit; based on the finite element software, the numerical value and calculation and ana-lysis of the strength and stiffness of the pressure-resistant casing in the aircraft, the results show that the requirements are met., to meet the underwater 1 000 m working requirements. The design concept of the distributed gliding and propulsion hy-brid drive glider proposed in this paper has the characteristics of large wing extension and high lift-to-drag ratio, reducing the glider angle and meeting the requirements of long range. It solves the problem that the current underwater vehicle change dir-ection is slow and cannot be broken. The phenomenon of guiding mesoscale vortices.Key words: underwater robot；hybrid drive；distributed propulsion；mesoscale vortex0 引 言水下无人航行器是海洋资源开发与探测的主要工具之一。
2021全国甲卷英语阅读词汇
2021全国甲卷英语阅读词汇2021年全国甲卷英语阅读部分涉及的词汇量相对较大，涵盖了各个领域的词汇。
以下是一些较为常见和重要的词汇，供您参考：1. Technology and Science（科技与科学）:- innovation 创新- technological 技术的- artificial intelligence 人工智能- digital 数字的- virtual 虚拟的- algorithm 算法- software 软件- hardware 硬件- robotic 机器人的- engineering 工程学2. Environment and Nature（环境与自然）:- pollution 污染- conservation 保护- biodiversity 生物多样性- ecosystem 生态系统- climate change 气候变化- renewable 可再生的- deforestation 森林砍伐- sustainable 可持续的- habitat 栖息地- renewable energy 可再生能源3. Society and Culture（社会与文化）:- globalization 全球化- diversity 多样性- multicultural 多元文化的- heritage 遗产- tradition 传统- customs 风俗习惯- cultural exchange 文化交流- values 价值观- generation gap 代沟- social media 社交媒体4. Economics and Business（经济与商业）:- inflation 通货膨胀- recession 经济衰退- investment 投资- unemployment 失业- entrepreneur 企业家- market market 市场经济- supply and demand 供求关系- consumer 消费者- profit 利润- competition 竞争5. Education and Learning（教育与学习）:- curriculum 课程- assessment 评估- literacy 识字能力- numeracy 数字能力- intellectual property 知识产权- critical thinking 批判性思维- lifelong learning 终身学习- research 研究- distance learning 远程教育- academic 学术的以上是一些常见的词汇，将其运用于阅读理解中可以更好地理解和分析文章，并帮助提高英语阅读能力。
100年后我们的生活是样子的英语作文
100年后我们的生活是样子的英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1What Will Life Be Like 100 Years in the Future?Can you imagine what the world will be like in 100 years? It's really hard to picture because so many things could be totally different from today! Technology keeps changing so fast, and scientists are always making new inventions. Who knows what amazing gadgets we might have by then? I've been thinking about it a lot, and here are some of my ideas for how life could be in the year 2123.For one thing, I bet computers and robots will be way smarter and more advanced than they are now. Today's smartphones and laptops might seem like ancient artifacts to kids in 2123! Maybe instead of typing on a keyboard, you'll just be able to talk to your computer and it will understand everything you say. Or maybe computers will be so tiny that we wear them as headsets or even put them inside our brains to interface directly with our minds! That sounds kind of scary, but also really cool.Robots will probably be much more common too. We already have robot vacuums that clean our houses, but in the future, robots could do all kinds of jobs for us. They could work in factories, drive our cars, maybe even be like personal assistant robots that follow us around and help with any task we need. As long as the robots are programmed to be safe and obey human masters, I think having them help out would be really handy.Another way life could change is how we get around from place to place. With driverless car technology already starting up, by 2123 there might not be any human drivers at all! All transportation could be automated, with people just telling their car's computer where they want to go. Maybe we'll even have flying cars that can zoom through the air instead of being stuck on roads. Or we could have teleportation devices that let us instantly travel anywhere in the world (or beyond!) with just a single step. How awesome would that be?The homes and cities of the future might look completely different too. Today we build most structures out of materials like wood, bricks, steel and concrete. But in 100 years, maybe our houses and skyscrapers will be made from super-strong artificial materials that are grown from tiny molecules or 3D printed into any shape we want. Buildings could be lightweight but superdurable, able to withstand any extreme weather. Or we might design cities that float on the ocean or colonies on other planets! Our cities today kind of seem crowded and messy, but maybe future urban planners will figure out ideal ways to build clean, efficient smart cities.I also wonder how things like food, health care and energy will evolve over the next century. Right now we grow crops on farms and raise livestock for food, but maybe in the future we'll have much better ways to manufacture healthy, environmentally-friendly food in high-tech labs. We could grow meat from animal cells, or even 3D print customized meals designed for each person's exact nutritional needs. That would be so much better than today's fast food!For health care, maybe nano-robots could go inside our bodies and automatically fix any injuries or diseases by repairing things on a molecular level. Can you imagine never having to go to a doctor again because tiny robots just swim through your blood and fix any issues? That would be amazing! And in terms of energy, hopefully we'll have ditched polluting fossil fuels in favor of 100% clean renewable power sources like advanced solar panels, wind turbines, nuclear fusion or maybe evenretrieving antimatter energy. The world would be such a cleaner, greener place.篇2What Will Life Be Like 100 Years From Now?Have you ever wondered what the world will be like when you're a great-grandparent? It's hard to imagine, but let me tell you what I think life could be like 100 years from now!Where We'll LiveIn the future, many people may live in huge cities called megacities with over 20 million residents each. These massive urban areas will cover hundreds of square miles, with soaring skyscrapers and underground layers for transportation and utilities. To save space, houses and apartments will be much smaller than today. Some could even be 3D printed!Those wanting more space may choose to live in residential space habitats orbiting the Earth. These donut-shaped colonies could spin to create artificial gravity and have whole communities inside. From up there, you'd get incredible views of our planet below.What We'll EatDon't be surprised if your food 100 years from now doesn't come from a farm. By then, most of our food may be grown vertically using hydroponics and aeroponics in urban vertical farms. No need for soil or sunshine! Vegetables and fruits will be born in water or air and raised under artificial LED lights. That way, fresh produce can be grown right in the cities.Another option is cultured meat grown from animal cells, providing real beef, chicken, and seafood without needing to raise livestock. Food replicators that can synthesize meals from pre-programmed nutrient patterns might even exist!How We'll Get AroundImagine being able to summon a self-driving car with a smartphone app that will whisk you away in a matter of minutes! Autonomous electric vehicles may be everywhere in cities. For longer trips, we could take autonomous high-speed rail or even board autonomous supersonic jets.Another way to get around may be via personal drones. These could be like mini-helicopters using distributed electric propulsion to take off vertically. Just hop in and tell it where you want to go!The Technology We'll UseTechnology will keep evolving, and computers will become tremendously more powerful. Quantum computers that harness quantum physics may be a billion times faster than today's machines. Artificial intelligence could become embedded in just about everything we interact with.We may routinely use augmented reality glasses that overlay digital information on the real world. Head-up displays could show us directions, identify people we meet, and even translate foreign languages on the fly.Hopefully we'll also have compact fusion reactors that provide abundant clean energy. That will be important if we end up establishing human settlements on the Moon or Mars by then.What Will School Be Like?School in the future could be very different! You might attend class as a hologram from the comfort of your home. Virtual reality headsets could take you on incredible field trips to explore ancient civilizations or walk on Mars.Artificial intelligence tutors could track your progress and provide customized lessons at the perfect pace. No more boringlectures - you'll be fully engaged and learning could actually be fun!Some kids may even attend school aboard orbital space stations or settlements on other planets. Now that would be an awesome field trip! Just remember to bring your anti-gravity sickness pills.As you can see, the future 100 years from now could look vastly different. While the world may seem like science fiction to us now, it will just be normal life for kids growing up then. Who knows what amazing things await? I can't wait to find out!篇3What Will Life Be Like in 100 Years?By Claude the AI AssistantHi, my name is Samantha and I'm going to tell you about what I think life will be like 100 years from now in the year 2123. It's fun to imagine what awesome new technologies and changes there might be! Here's what I came up with:In the future, we probably won't need to drive cars anymore because they will all be self-driving and automatic. The cars will be like robotaxis that can pick you up wherever you need to go.Maybe the cars will even be able to fly so they don't get stuck in traffic jams! The roads might be less crowded since a lot of people could just work from home using virtual reality offices.Our houses will be super high-tech and run by artificial intelligence (AI) assistants. The AI assistant would be kind of like Siri or Alexa, but way smarter. It could do our chores, control the house appliances, and even help kids with their homework. The AI could turn the house lights on and off, adjust the temperatures, and lots more just by asking it. Everything would be voice controlled with almost no buttons or switches.Maybe in 100 years, we won't even need to go to grocery stores because our food could be 3D printed right at home! It sounds weird, but scientists are working on making 3D printers that can print out meals from powder or paste ingredients. So you could just pick a recipe on your computer and print out an entire pizza or burger! We might also have high-tech greenhouses to grow fresh fruits and veggies.School could be very different too. Most classes might be taught by super intelligent robot teachers or using virtual reality headsets instead of books. We could take virtual field trips to explore the ancient pyramids, walk on the moon, or even travel through a volcano without leaving the classroom! All ourhomework and assignments could be done on tablets that use AI to adapt the lessons for each student.For entertainment, we may have incredible virtual reality games that are almost like being inside a real-life adventure movie. The games could even stimulate all five senses with ambient smell and temperature features. Movies and TV might be completely 3D holographic projections instead of watched on a flat screen. We might also have personal jetpacks or hoverboards for fun transportation.Hospitals in the future could use nanotechnology to instantly scan your body and diagnose any health issues. Maybe they could even employ micro-robots small enough to travel through your bloodstream to perform surgery from the inside! With advanced bioengineering, doctors may be able to 3D print replacement organs and body parts to help cure injuries and diseases. s might also be living alongside super intelligent humanoid robots that could be our friends and helpers. These robots could do manual labor for us like construction and cleaning. They might have emotional intelligence to understand our feelings and act as therapists or companions.Way out in space, we may have finally established human colonies on Mars and the moon. Astronauts could travel backand forth using advanced spacecraft and rockets. Maybe the International Space Station would grow to become a massive orbiting city with artificial gravity!Those are just some of my ideas for what life could be like in 100 years. Of course, a lot of these technologies are still being developed today. But by 2123, who knows how much more advanced and incredible everything will become? I can't wait to experience the amazing future!篇4What Will Life Be Like 100 Years in the Future?Hi there! My name is Lily and I'm going to tell you about what I think life will be like 100 years from now in the year 2123. It's fun to imagine the future and all the crazy inventions and technologies we might have by then!First, I think we'll have much better technology for transportation. Maybe we'll have flying cars that can zoom through the air and take us wherever we want to go. Or we could have super high-speed trains that can get us across the country in just an hour or two. How amazing would that be? No more sitting in traffic jams or delays at the airport. We'd be able to travel so quickly and easily.Our homes and cities will probably be really high-tech too. Our houses might be built with super strong materials that can withstand any extreme weather like hurricanes, tornadoes, and earthquakes. The houses could have robots that do all the cleaning and chores so our parents don't have to worry about that stuff. And they might evenbe able to put up cool hologram decorations that look totally real but are just made of light!The cities could have flying drone taxis to take people wherever they need to go without any traffic or delays. The roads might even be made of solar paneled surfaces that charge electric vehicles as they drive over them. At night, the streetlights could automatically adjust their brightness levels based on if there are people around or not to save energy. Some buildings might evenbe able to change their shape and size depending on the needs of the people inside.Schools will definitely be a lot different too. We might not even have physical school buildings, but instead all learn from home using virtual reality headsets. We could put on the headsets and it would feel like we're sitting in a classroom with our friends and teachers right there with us. The teachers could use holograms and immersive simulations to teach us any subject in a fun, interactive way. Can you imagine learning aboutancient Egypt by virtually walking through the pyramids and temples? Or seeing dinosaurs come to life right in front of you? That would be so cool!Another huge thing will be the advances in science and medicine. By 2123, we'll probably have cured most major diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's, heart disease and more. Doctors might be able to regrow organs from your own cells or use microscopic robot surgeons to fix any health problems. We could even have technology to enhance our bodies and minds to give us abilities like stronger bones, better eyesight, and higher intelligence. That sounds kind of like a real-life superhero!But one of the most important things we need to figure out is how to better take care of our planet. With overpopulation, pollution, climate change and environmental destruction continuing, the Earth might be in really bad shape in 100 years. Hopefully we'll have developed renewable energy sources like fusion power plants and highly efficient solar/wind/geothermal energy so we don't have to burn fossil fuels anymore. Maybe we'll also have special technology to help remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere and repair the ozone layer.We might need to build cities and habitats in space or on other planets if Earth gets too crowded and damaged. Peoplecould live in huge space stations orbiting the Earth or in colonies on the Moon and Mars. That would be pretty crazy to think about living somewhere other than Earth! The spacecraft to travel between planets would have to be super advanced and able to go incredibly fast using things like antimatter engines or wormhole transportation.While I hope we'll have technologies that make our lives easier and more amazing, I also hope humans will learn to take better care of each other and our planet. We need to work together and use our intelligence for good things that benefit everyone, not harmful or selfish things. If we can combine incredible technological progress with more wisdom, compassion and cooperation, I think the future 100 years from now could be an incredible time to experience!篇5What Will Life Be Like 100 Years From Now?Can you imagine what the world will be like in 100 years? It's really hard to picture because so many things could be totally different! Technology keeps changing and advancing at a crazy speed. Just think about how much things have changed in the past 100 years with inventions like airplanes, computers, theinternet and smartphones. A century from now, I bet our lives will look just as different and futuristic compared to today.One of the biggest changes in the future could be how we get around from place to place. Maybe cars will be a thing of the past and we'll have flying vehicles instead? How cool would it be to have your own little personal drone or hovercraft to zip you wherever you need to go? No more traffic jams or road rage! Some people think we might be able to teleport from one place to the next at the click of a button. Imagine being able to teleport from your house to school in an instant. No more long bus rides!Our homes and cities could change a lot too. Maybe we'll have homes that can put themselves together like futuristic building blocks? Or super tall skyscraper cities where people live stacked on top of each other? Some think we might even have cities on the moon or Mars if we can travel to and live on other planets by then. Houses on Earth might create their own energy from the sun or wind to power everything. We could have robot maids to clean and do chores for us. The possibilities seem endless!The way we communicate could change a whole lot too. Why send a text message when you could just think yourmessage and transmit it directly into someone's mind? That would be so weird but convenient! Future technology might even let us understand any language instantly just by having a computer chip translate it for our brains. No need to struggle learning a new language when a machine could do it effortlessly.School and jobs will probably be incredibly different too. We might not even need to go to a physical school building if virtual reality classrooms let us attend class from home. Computers and robots could be the teachers that guide us through lessons. Books might be a thing of the past if all information is downloaded directly into our brains with brain chips. Jobs could all be done remotely from home using virtual reality. Dangerous jobs like construction or firefighting might not require human workers anymore if robots do all the risky tasks.One of the most amazing potential changes could be how long people might live. With potential cures for diseases and incredible medical nanotech, the average human lifespan could be 150 or even 200 years! Just imagine being a second-grader now and living all the way to the 23rd century. You could watch generations of your family grow up and technology progress over centuries. Of course, living drastically longer might alsomean we get bored more easily if people don't die off as quickly to open up space and opportunities for new generations.The future could also have huge changes for our environment and how we get our food and energy. We might move towards getting all our power from renewable energy sources like solar, wind and nuclear power once we've depleted Earth's oil reserves. Gasoline-powered cars may be museum pieces by then! If climate change makes regions too hot, cold or dry to grow food, maybe we'll figure out how to lab-create fresh foods from sustainable sources. Or maybe food printers can create any meal from simple ingredients? That would cut down on food waste!篇6What Will Life Be Like in 100 Years?Hi, my name is Timmy and I'm 10 years old. Today my teacher asked us to imagine what life might be like 100 years in the future when I'll be 110 years old! That's really, really old. I can't even picture myself being that old. My grandparents are in their 70s and they seem ancient to me. But I'll give it a try and tell you what I think the world will be like way off in the year 2123.I think technology will be absolutely incredible 100 years from now. Computers and robots will be helping people do just about everything. We'll probably have super smart robots that can cook our meals, clean our houses, drive our vehicles, and do all kinds of chores for us. Maybe the robots will even go to school for us!Speaking of school, I bet education will be really high-tech too. Instead of having to lug heavy backpacks full of books to and from school every day, we'll just use lightweight tablet computers or laptops. All our textbooks, notebooks, and learning materials will be digital. Heck, we might not even need physical school buildings at all. We could attend classes virtually using virtual reality headsets or holographic video conferencing. Our robot teaching assistants could help us with our homework too.As for transportation, I'm sure we'll have flying cars zipping around in the skies 100 years in the future. Maybe the flying cars will be self-driving too, just like today's self-driving cars but way more advanced. We could just tell the car's robot brain where we want to go and it will fly us there automatically while we relax or do other stuff. How awesome would that be?Medicine will probably make some huge breakthroughs as well over the next century. They might finally cure diseases likecancer, Alzheimer's, and diabetes that are still really hard to treat today. Maybe scientists will even figure out how to stop people from aging so we can live for hundreds of years! That would be so cool.Sadly, I'm really worried that climate change and pollution could make the Earth a pretty yucky place to live 100 years from now if we're not really careful. The ice caps might totally melt, causing sea levels to rise and flood lots of coastal cities around the world. Plus, there could be crazy heat waves, droughts, wildfires, and other extreme weather events happening constantly if global warming gets totally out of control. I hope that by 2123 humans will have figured out a way to generate energy without burning fossil fuels and polluting the environment so much.Space exploration should advance a ton too in the next 100 years. We'll probably have permanent bases on the Moon and maybe even on Mars where astronauts live for long periods of time. Perhaps some brave explorers will get to travel even farther out to moons of other planets or asteroids. I'd love to be one of the first kids born on the Moon or Mars!As for what everyday life will be like in people's homes, I think our houses will be fully automated and voice-controlled.We can just say out loud "House, turn on the lights" or "House, start cooking dinner" and it will happen instantly. Our homes might even use molecular 3D printers to manufacture anything we need on demand - toys, clothes, furniture, you name it. No more having to go to the store for anything!Entertainment could be mind-blowingly immersive too thanks to virtual reality. We'll just pop on a VR headset and it will feel like we're inside our favorite video games, movies, or any imaginary world we want to experience. The graphics and realism will be indistinguishable from actual reality.Those are just some of my ideas about how insanely different and advanced life could be 100 years into the future when I'm an ancient old man of 110 years old. Of course, I could be totally wrong about everything. No kid from the year 2023 can really predict what kinds of new technologies and trends will shape the world a century from now. But I sure had fun trying to imagine it! I just hope the Earth is still a livable planet in 2123 and that life is awesome for whatever humans and robot friends are around by then. What a world it could be!。
面向光伏发电预测的公开数据集综述
2023年8月Electric Power Information and Communication Technology Aug. 2023 中图分类号：TM615文献标志码：A文章编号：2095-641X(2023)08-016-06DOI：10.16543/j.2095-641x.electric.power.ict.2023.08.03著录格式：张沛，刘金城，张彬，等．面向光伏发电预测的公开数据集综述[J]．电力信息与通信技术，2023，21(8)：16-21．面向光伏发电预测的公开数据集综述张沛1，刘金城1，张彬1，翟苏巍2，李文云3（1．北京交通大学院电气工程学院，北京市海淀区100089；2．云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院，云南省昆明市650217；3．云南电力调度控制中心，云南省昆明市650011）A Review of Public Datasets for Photovoltaic Power Generation ForecastingZHANG Pei1, LIU Jincheng1, ZHANG Bin1, ZHAI Suwei2, LI Wenyun3(1. School of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Haidian District, Beijing 100089, China;2. Electric Power Research Institute, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Kunming 650217, Yunnan Province, China;3. Yunnan Power Dispatching and Control Center, Kunming 650011, Yunnan Province, China)摘要：光伏发电具有间歇性和波动性，光伏发电的精准预测是合理安排运行方式和应对措施、提高电网安全性和可靠性的重要措施。
中大型电动垂直起降航空器分布式电推进系统和海岛场景环境试验适航要求-2023标准
中大型电动垂直起降航空器分布式电推进系统和海岛场景环境试验适航要求1范围本文件规定了电动垂直起降（eVTOL）航空器分布式电推系统和海岛场景环境试验适航要求。
本文件适用于在中国境内使用中大型eVTOL无人驾驶航空器。
中型无人驾驶航空器是指空机重量超过15千克，且最大起飞重量超过25千克不超过150千克的无人驾驶航空器。
大型无人驾驶航空器是指最大起飞重量超过150千克的无人驾驶航空器。
2术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
2.1电动垂直起降（Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing，eVTOL）航空器是一种依靠电力推进系统可以垂直起飞、悬停和降落的航空器。
2.2分布式电推进（Distributed Electric Propulsion，DEP）由电机驱动分布在机翼或机身上的多个螺旋桨或风扇构成推进系统为航空器提供主要推力。
2.3电弧故障（Arc Fault）电弧故障是指带电线路中出现非人类意愿电弧的一种电气故障。
按照电弧故障发生时电弧与电路连接关系，可将电弧故障（Arc Fault，AF）分为串联电弧故障（Series Arc Fault，SAF）、并联电弧故障（Parallel Arc Fault，PAF）、接地电弧故障（Grounding Arc Fault，GAF）和复合电弧故障（Complex Arc Fault，CAF）。
2.4限制载荷（Limit Loads）限制载荷是各安装构件和结构在预期工作状态下受到的最大载荷。
2.5极限载荷（Ultimate Loads）极限载荷是各安装构件和结构在异常工况下受到的最大载荷，一般由限制载荷的 1.5倍和电机失效工况下的载荷共同确定。
2.6储能装置（Energy Storage Device）以任何方式储存某种形式能量的装置。
典型的储能装置包括但不限于电池、燃料电池或电容。
电池是一种由电化学电池组成的装置，用于将化学能转化为电能。
高考英语 考前突破阅读理解能力 科普类 人温暖的海水使南极大部分冰架消融素材
温暖的海水使南极大部分冰架消融Ocean waters melting the undersides of Antarctic ice shelves, not icebergs calving into the sea, are responsible for most of the continent's ice loss, a study by UC Irvine and others has found. The first comprehensive survey of all Anta rctic ice shelves discovered that basal melt, or ice dissolving from underneath, accounted for 55 percent of shelf loss from 2003 to 2008 -- a rate much higher than previously thought. Ice shelves, floating extensions of glaciers, fringe 75 percent of the vast, frozen continent.The findings, to be published in the June 14 issue of Scienc e, will help scientists improve projections of how Antarctica, which holds about 60 percent of the planet's fresh water locked in its massive ice sheet, will respond to a warming ocean and contribute to sea level rise.It turns out that the tug（拖拽） of se awaters just above the freezing point matters more than the breaking off of bergs."We find that iceberg calving is not the dominant process of ice removal. In fact, ice shelves mostly melt from the bottom before they even form icebergs," said lead author Eric Rignot, a UC Irvine professor who's also a researcher with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena. "This has profound implications for our understanding of interactions between Antarctica and climate change. It basically puts the Southern Ocean up front as the most significant control on the evolution of the polar ice sheet."Ice shelves grow through a combination of land ice flowing to the sea and snow falling on their surfaces. The researchers combined a regional snow accumulation model and a new map of Antarctica's bedrock with ice shelf thickn ess, elevatio n and velocity data captured by Operation IceBridge -- an ongoing NASA aerial survey of Greenland and the South Pole. (Rignot will host a planning session of Operation IceBridge scientists at UC Irvine on June 17 and 18.)Ocean melting is distributed unevenly around the continent. The three giant ice shelves of Ross, Filchner and Ronne, which make up two-thirds of Antarctica's ice shelves, accounted for only 15 percent of the melting. Meanwhile, less than a dozen small ice shelves floating on relatively warm waters produced half the total meltwater during the same period.The researchers also comp ared the rates at which the ice shelves are s hedding ice with the speed at which the continent itself is losing mass and found that, on average, the shelves lost mass twice as fast as the Antarctic ice sheet di d."Ice shelf melt can be compensated by ice flow from the continent," Rignot said. "But in a number of places around Antarctica, they are melting too fast, and as a consequence, glaciers and the entire continent are changing."Other authors are Jeremie Mouginot and Bernd Scheuchl of UC Irvine and Stanley Jacobs of Columbia University. Funding was provided by NASA, the National ScienceFou ndation, and the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration.。
对未来科学的畅想英语作文
对未来科学的畅想英语作文The future of science holds boundless possibilities as we continue to push the boundaries of human knowledge and technological capabilities. As we stand on the precipice of an era defined by rapid advancements, it is exciting to contemplate the transformative impact that future scientific discoveries and innovations could have on our world. From revolutionary breakthroughs in medicine and energy to the exploration of the unknown realms of the universe, the potential of future science is truly awe-inspiring.One of the most promising areas of future scientific progress is the field of medicine. Imagine a world where terminal illnesses are a thing of the past, where the human lifespan is extended well beyond our current limitations. Through the continued advancement of genetic engineering and regenerative medicine, we may one day be able to eradicate devastating diseases, repair damaged organs, and even reverse the aging process. The development of nanobots capable of navigating the human body and delivering targeted treatments could revolutionize the way we approach healthcare, allowing for precise and minimally invasive interventions.Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into the medical field could lead to unprecedented breakthroughs in diagnosis and treatment. AI-powered systems may be able to analyze vast amounts of medical data, identify patterns, and provide personalized recommendations for prevention and care, far surpassing the capabilities of human physicians. Imagine a future where a simple scan could detect the early signs of cancer or Alzheimer's disease, allowing for proactive intervention and the prevention of debilitating conditions.The future of energy production and distribution is another area where science is poised to transform our world. As the global demand for energy continues to rise, the need for sustainable and renewable sources has become increasingly urgent. Advancements in solar, wind, and geothermal technologies, as well as the development of efficient energy storage solutions, could lead to a future where fossil fuels are no longer the dominant source of power. Imagine a world where every home and vehicle is powered by clean, renewable energy, reducing our carbon footprint and mitigating the devastating effects of climate change.Moreover, the exploration of alternative energy sources, such as nuclear fusion and hydrogen fuel cells, could revolutionize the way we power our societies. Imagine a future where energy is abundant,affordable, and accessible to all, empowering developing nations and improving the quality of life for millions of people around the world.The realm of space exploration is another area where future science holds immense promise. As we continue to push the boundaries of our understanding of the universe, the potential for groundbreaking discoveries is truly limitless. Imagine a future where humanity has established permanent settlements on the Moon and Mars, where we have the capability to travel to distant exoplanets and potentially discover signs of extraterrestrial life.The development of advanced propulsion systems, such as nuclear-powered spacecraft or even warp drives, could enable us to traverse the vast distances of space with unprecedented speed and efficiency. Imagine a future where interstellar travel is a reality, where we can explore the mysteries of the cosmos and unravel the secrets of the universe, expanding our knowledge and understanding of our place in the grand scheme of things.Furthermore, the advancements in robotics, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality could revolutionize the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. Imagine a future where intelligent robots and autonomous systems handle the majority of manual and repetitive tasks, freeing up human resources for more creative and intellectual pursuits. Imagine a world where virtual reality allows usto experience the wonders of the natural world, explore distant lands, and even venture into the depths of the human mind, all from the comfort of our own homes.The integration of these technologies could also lead to significant breakthroughs in fields such as education, where virtual classrooms and personalized learning experiences could provide access to high-quality education for individuals around the globe. Imagine a future where the barriers of geography and socioeconomic status no longer hinder the pursuit of knowledge and personal growth.As we contemplate the future of science, it is important to acknowledge the ethical and societal implications that come with these advancements. The responsible development and implementation of new technologies must be a priority, ensuring that the benefits of scientific progress are equitably distributed and that the potential risks and unintended consequences are carefully considered and mitigated.Ultimately, the future of science holds the potential to transform our world in ways that we can scarcely imagine. From the eradication of disease and the expansion of human lifespan to the exploration of the cosmos and the integration of intelligent systems into our daily lives, the possibilities are truly limitless. As we continue to push the boundaries of human knowledge and technological capabilities, it isessential that we do so with a steadfast commitment to the betterment of humanity and the preservation of our planet. The future of science is ours to shape, and the choices we make today will have a profound impact on the world we leave behind for generations to come.。
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manufacturing virtual networks in the aeronautical industry Original Research ArticleInternational Journal of Production EconomicsMaladie d’Alzheimer et voyage aérien : préparation et conseils Review ArticleNPG Neurologie - Psychiatrie – Gériatriepreliminary structural design optimization method of an aircraft wing-box skin-stringer panels Original Research ArticleAerospace Science and TechnologyChoice of aircraft size and network design Original Research Article Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Reviewcorrosion protective coating systems for aircraft requiring no-chromate pretreatment Original Research ArticleProgress in Organic Coatingscorrosion protective coating systems for aircraft requiring no-chromate pretreatment Original Research ArticleProgress in Organic CoatingsThere has been much R&D effort expended to develop pretreatments and coatings that allow the replacement of toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, environmentally hazardous chromates used as pretreatments and pigments in aircraft coating systems. There have been many claims for chromate replacement in primer and pretreatment systems for aircraft, but no systems presently are in use that can function and meet specifications without some form of chromate used in the pretreatment and/or primer. The Mg-rich primer technology developed at North Dakota State University and now in final commercial development at AKZO Nobel Aerospace Coatings shows that finally aerospace Al alloys can be protected against corrosion. With simple cleaning only or a non-chromate pretreatment, the Mg-rich primer (MgRP) + aerospace topcoat provides an aircraft protection system that give corrosion protection that equals or exceeds any system using chromate in any form. About 18 peer reviewed papers have been published and at least twice that many presentations at technical meetings describing this newaircraft primer technology. There are an extensive number of samples in outdoor exposure, and in exposure on small parts of aircraft like port-hole covers and doors, and the coating system has been in accelerated exposure cabinets of all sorts. In the first versions of the magnesium primer premature blistering was noted during immersion or B117 continuous salt spray testing which may be due to hydrogen generation from water contact at a particle. Efforts to control the level of activity of the magnesium have been successfully accomplished since the testing reported in this paper which controls this phenomenon. Current formulations meet and exceed the ASTM B117 test results of full chromate primer systems. Open circuit potential (OCP) measurements indicate an extended period of cathodic protection of the Al aircraft alloys such as AA 2024 T-3 and AA 7075 T-6. After this stage of protection, a combination of Mg oxide, hydroxide and carbonate compounds seem to give protection to the system, as we have seen corrosion protection given to samples for greater than 10,000 h of cyclic exposure forMg-rich primers with good aerospace topcoats. Preliminary data are presented for other Mg alloys as pigments in metal-rich coating systems. All data indicates that the Mg-rich (or Mg-alloy pigment-rich) primer + aircraft topcoat system gives excellent corrosion protection by mechanisms entirely different from the modes of protection for aircraft alloys given by the toxic, carcinogenic chromate compounds now in use in all corrosion protection systems for aircraft. In most cases thus far examined, the protection, especially in cyclic exposure, exceeds the present chromate-based systems.Article Outline1. Introduction1.1. The need for chromate replacement in aircraft coatings2. Alternates previously considered for chromates3. Mg-rich primer technology3.1. System description and past technical studies3.2. Recent results in verification of corrosion protection of Al alloys by Mg-rich primer technology3.3. Further laboratory testing3.3.1. Simulated aircraft structures testing3.3.2. Electrochemical data3.3.3. SEM data on exposed particles4. Further development studies in MgRP technology4.1. Potential system design concerns from user point of view4.2. Examination of the fully formulated MgRP technology for US DOD as user5. Preliminary considerations on extensions of Mg-rich technology5.1. Examination of Mg-alloy pigments5.2. Chemical composition of Mg-alloy pigment surfaces5.3. Depth profile Analysis of Mg-alloy pigments5.4. Identification of corrosion products of AM60 pigmented Mg-rich primer6. Discussion of resultsAcknowledgementsAppendix A. AppendixReferencesaircraft engine blades Original Research ArticleJournal of Computational and Applied Mathematicsnew fully adaptive hybrid optimization method (AHM) has been developed and applied to an industrial problem in the field of the aircraft engine industry. The adaptivity of the coupling between a global search by a population-based method (Genetic Algorithms or Evolution Strategies) and the local search by a descent method has been particularly emphasized. On various analytical test cases, the AHM method overperforms the original global search method in terms of computational time and accuracy. The results obtained on the industrial case have also confirmed the interest of AHM for the design of new and original solutions in an affordable time.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Adaptive hydrid optimization method2.1. Description of the global search2.1.1. Genetic Algorithms (GA)2.1.2. Evolution Strategies (ES)2.2. Description of the local search2.3. Coupling principles2.3.1. General algorithm2.3.2. The shift from global to local (the answer to Question 1)2.3.3. The shift from local to global (the answer to Question 2)2.3.4. The reduced clustering strategy (the answer to Question 3)3. Adaptive Hybrid Method applied to test functions3.1. Result for the Rast1 function3.2. Result for the Rast10 function4. Adaptive Hybrid Method applied to aircraft engine blades optimization 4.1. General description of the optimization case4.2. Details of the computation4.3. Obtained results5. ConclusionAcknowledgementsReferences航空材料设计制造能力工业飞机Aeronautical MaterialsDesignManufacturingCapacityIndustryAircraftDesign of a High Speed Switched Reluctance Starter/Generator for More/All Electric Aircraft Original Research ArticleChinese Journal of AeronauticsThe basic concepts and advantages of more/all electric aircraft (M/AEA) are briefly addressed. The combined starter/generator (CS/G) system is introduced as a key technology to enable M/AEA. Some important performance requirements for CS/G system are obtained. Based on these requirements, a high speed switched reluctance machine (SRM) is designed to operate as a starter/generator. The entire design process is mainly divided into two stages: electromagnetic design and thermal design. In electromagnetic design stage, the electromagnetic structure and dimensions of the machine and the number of phase winding turns per pole are obtained; the topology and main technical details of the converter are briefly introduced as well. In thermal design stage, a liquid-cooling system is designed based on the thermal analysis of the machine. In the end, the performances of the designed SRM are basically verified by simulation. To get high performances, the exciting angles are optimized in two different operating modes respectively, and the optimized performances in the motoring mode are given as well.Software for Evaluating Effectiveness of Military Training Aircraft Original Research ArticleChinese Journal of Aeronauticsinterpretative framework based on the Italian inter-industry experience Original Research ArticleJournal of Purchasing and Supply Managementcross-contamination in an aircraft cabin via localized exhaust Original Research ArticleBuilding and Environmentinvestigation of transient thermal and fluidynamic fields in an executive aircraft cabin Original Research ArticleApplied Thermal Engineering168,210articles found for: pub-date > 2008 and tak((Aeronautical Materials) or Design or Manufacturing or Capacity or Industry or Aircraft or Test or Weight or Voyage)Monitoring and Forecasting of Full Scale Aircraft Static Test Original Research ArticleTsinghua Science & TechnologyTo meet the airworthiness certification requirement of the full scale static test for ARJ21-700 commercial aircraft, a real time monitoring and forecasting software is presented. The software contains a database which stores all the material data, finite element analysis (FEA) model and results, strain gages and displacement transducers' information, etc. The software can also compare the test data with the FEA and theoretical results, and forecast the next and the final test results based on the analytical and test data in real time. With the support of this software, aircraft designers can monitor the strain and displacement data through distributed monitors and calculate the structure stress and safety margin in real time and can prevent unexpected accidents. Now this software has already been successfully used in the static test of ARJ21 with its high accuracy and reliability.Article OutlineIntroduction1. System Overview1.1. Hardware overview1.2. Software overview1.3. Server software design1.4. Client software design1.5. Database design2. Real Time Monitoring and Forecasting of Full Scale Static Test of ARJ21 Aircraft3. ConclusionsReferencesnon-destructive tests of an aging aircraft’s wing detail Original Research Article International Journal of Fatiguepersonal air monitor and its application in aircraftScience of The Total EnvironmentNext generation single-aisle aircraft –Requirements and technological solutions Original Research ArticleJournal of Air Transport Management, Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 33-39 Joachim Szodruch, Wolfgang Grimme, Frederik Blumrich, Rainer SchmidShow preview | Purchase PDF (822 K) | Related articles | Related reference work articlesResearch highlights►The paper considers the technical challenges of developing a new generation of narrow-bodied aircraft. ►It demonstrates that it is possible to decouple air traffic growth and emissions. ►It considers the requirements of aircraft operators in terms of their narrow-bodied airframe needs.Local damage to Ultra High Performance Concrete structures caused by an impact of aircraft engine missiles Original Research ArticleNuclear Engineering and Design, Volume 240, Issue 10, October 2010, Pages 2633-2642 Werner Riedel, Markus Nöldgen, Elmar Straßburger, Klaus Thoma, Ekkehard FehlingShow preview | Purchase PDF (1951 K) | Related articles | Related reference work articlesResearch highlightsExperimental series on UHPC panels subjected to aircraft engine impact. Improved ballistic limit offiber reinforced UHPC in comparison to conventional R/C. Detailed investigation of failure mechanisms of fiber reinforced UHPC panel.hydromechanical deep drawing of aluminum alloy—Complicated components in aircraft manufacturing Original Research ArticleMaterials Science and Engineering: A, Volume 499, Issues 1-2, 15 January 2009, Pages 320-324Lihui Lang, Tao Li, Dongyang Anexchanger fouling in the context of aircraft air-conditioning systems, and the potential for electrostatic filtering Review ArticleApplied Thermal Engineeringoptimization application in accordance with product and process requirements Original Research ArticleAdvances in Engineering Softwareaircraft wing: Status and challenges Original Research ArticleMaterials & Designaircraft size and airline frequency with changing demand and competition: A simultaneous-equations approach for traffic on the north Atlantic Original Research ArticleJournal of Air Transport Managementemissions from military aircraft turbine engines by downstream extractive sampling of aircraft on the ground: Results for C-130 and F-15 aircraft Original Research ArticleAtmospheric Environmentaircraft noise and speech on prose memory: What role for working memory capacity?Original Research ArticleJournal of Environmental Psychologyaircraft configuration design tool for Integrated Product and Process Development Original Research ArticleAdvances in Engineering Software。