电子商务概论(双语)Schneider AISE PPT Ch05

E-Business, Eighth Edition
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Learning Objectives (cont’d.)
• Supply chain management and how businesses are using Internet technologies to improve it • Electronic marketplaces and portals that make purchase-sale negotiations easier and more efficient
• Training
– Common support activity
• Underlies multiple primary activities
– Advantages: training materials on company intranet
• Distribute materials to many different sales offices • Coordinate use of materials in corporate headquarters
• Price: main criterion
• Purchasing cards (p-cards)
– Give individual managers ability to make multiple small purchases at their discretion – Provide cost-tracking information to procurement
• Cost reductions, business process improvements
• e-government
– Collective set of electronic commerce activities
• Improving government support activities • Supporting activities and serving stakeholders better
• Institute for Supply Management (ISM)
– Main organization for procurement professionals
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Direct vs. Indirect Materials Purchasing
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Purchasing, Logistics, and Support Activities
• Electronic commerce
– Improves primary and support activities – Tremendous potential for:
• Third-party logistics (PL) provider
– Operates all (large portion) of customer’s materials movement activities
• Examples: Ryder and Whirlpool, FedEx, UPS
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Support Activities (cont’d.)
• Examples: Ericson, BroadVision’s K-Net • Knowledge management
– Intentional collection, classification, dissemination of information
• About a company, its products, and its processes
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E-Government
• e-government
– Use of electronic commerce by governments and government agencies
• MRO suppliers: McMaster-Carr, W.W. Grainger
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Logistics Activities
• Provide the right goods in the right quantities in the right place at the right time • Important support activity for sales and purchasing
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Direct vs. Indirect Materials Purchasing (cont’d.)
• Maintenance, repair, and operating (MRO) supplies
– Indirect material products purchased on a recurring basis – Standard items (commodities) buyers usually select
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Support Activities
• General categories
– Finance and administration, human resources, technology development – Example: Allegiance and A.D.A.M. Web site
E-Business Eighth Edition
Chapter 5 Business-To-Business Online Strategies
Learning Objectives
In this chapter, you will learn about: • Strategies that businesses use to improve purchasing, logistics, and other support activities • Electronic data interchange and how it works • How businesses have moved some of their electronic data interchange operations to the Internet
– United Kingdom
• Department for Work and Pensions Web site
• Direct materials
– Materials that become part of finished product
• Direct materials purchasing: two types
– Replenishment purchasing (contract purchasing)
– Procurement activity
• Identifying suppliers, determining qualifications
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Purchasing Activities (cont’d.)
• e-sourcing
– Use of Internet technologies in sourcing activities
– Inbound materials and supplies movements – Outbound finished goods and services movements
• Example: Schneider Track and Trace system
– Real-time shipment information: customers’ browsers
• Supply chain
– Part of industry value chain preceding a particular strategic business unit – Includes all activities undertaken by every predecessor in the value chain to:
• Supply management
– Describes procurement activities
• Procurement staff
– Require product knowledge
• Identify and evaluate appropriate suppliers
• Sourcing供应
• Perform functions for stakeholders • Operate businesslike activities
• Examples in U.S. government
– Financial Management Service (FMS)
• Web site
• Company negotiates long-term material contracts
– Spot purchasing
• Purchases made in loosely organized market (spot market)
• Indirect materials
– All other materials company purchases