最新新编大学英语4单元6翻译和课后习题答案
新编大学英语4课文翻译(包括课后文章翻译)和答案(浙江大学)
课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4)Unit 1享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。
这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。
那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。
这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。
我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。
这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。
3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。
而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。
我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。
”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。
一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。
一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。
一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。
这么说是有道理的。
4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。
我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。
通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。
而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。
布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。
外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。
”5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。
第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。
新编大学英语第三版Book 4 Unit 6中英对照
Risks and You 风险与你[1] At some time or other, all of us haveplayed the part of a hypochondriac, imagining that we have some terrible disease on the strength of very minor symptoms . Somepeople just have to hear about a new disease and they begin checking themselves to see if they may be suffering from it. But fear ofdisease is not our only fear, and neither is risk of disease the only risk we run. Modern life is full of all manner of threats —to our lives, our peace of mind, our families, and our future.And from these threats come questions that we must pose to ourselves: Is the food I buy safe? Are toys for my children likely to hurt them? Should my family avoid smoked meats? Am I likely to be robbed on vacations? Our uncertainties multiply indefinitely .在说不定的某个时候，我们大家都曾充当过疑病症患者的角色,只凭一些轻微的症状便怀疑自己得了某种可怕的病。
新编大学英语4课文翻译和课后习题答案
新编大学英语4课文翻译和课后习题答案Unit 12 BDCAC AADBBVocabulary1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3)a sense of inferiority4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction10) a sense of urgency3. 1) Lively behavior is normal2) Fast cars appeal to3) diverse arguments4) I asked my boss for clarification5) sensitive to light6) Mutual encouragement7) made fun of him8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint9) to be the focus/center of attention10) we buy our tickets in advance4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble1) B 2) A 3) B 4) A 5) A 6 C 7) B 8) C 9) B 10)A 11)C 12) CUnit 2Vocabulary1. Creating Compound WordsSTEP ONE:Column A Column B The compound words createdthrough day throughoutup man upbeat, upliftdraw eared drawbackteen ready teenagehand conscious handout, handwrittenbirth back birthday, birthstonechair distance chairmanrag beat rag-earedever lift ever-readyover age overdue, overagelong due long-distance, long-earedself stone self-consciousmile out mileage, milestonetype wishing typewriter, typewrittenwell writer/written well-wishing, well-writtenSTEP TWO:1) long-distance 2) upbeat 3) ever-ready 4) overdue 5) typewriter6) milestone 7) handwritten 8) uplifted 9) self-conscious 10) rag-eared11) birthday 12) throughout 13) drawbacks 14) chairman 15) teenage2. 1) A. intrigued v. interestB. intrigue n. the act or practice of secretly planning to harm someone or make them lose their position of power2) A. straining v. try very hard to do something using all your physical or mental strengthB. strain n. a force that stretches, pulls or puts pressure on something3) A. savor n. taste; flavorB. savored v. enjoy the taste or flavor of; enjoy as much as you can4) A. treasure v. treat something as being very special, important, or valuableB. treasure n. a store of gold, silver, jewels, etc.5) A. credited v. consider … as having achieved something or being the reason for itB. credit n. trust; faith6) A. boost n. an encouraging act of cheering somebody upB. boost v. make someone feel more confident and less worried7) A. note n. a short, usually informal, letterB. noted v. notice or pay careful attention to something8) A. signed v. write your signature on a letter or document to show that you wrote it, agreed with itB. sign n. gesture use d to express one’s meaning, idea, etc.9) A. totaled v. come to a certain amountB. total n. the whole amount10) A. stuffed v. fill something with a substanceB. stuff n. substance or material11) A. count n. the number that is reached when something is being countedB. count v. be important12) A. last v. manage to remain in the same situationB. last n. the remaining part of something13) A. complimented v. express praise or admiration of somebodyB. compliment n. an expression of praise, admiration, approval, etc.14) A. flood n. a large number or amountB. flooding v. arrive in large numbers15) A. contact n. communication with a person, organization, country, etc.B. contact v. reach (someone) by message, telephone, etc.3. 1) thrives 2) strategy 3) annual 4) deserve 5) spontaneous 6) sincere 7) investments 8) enterprise 9) follow up10) characterized11) lingered 12) acknowledged4. column: 1) D 2) A 3) B 4) Ctough: 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) F 5) C 6) A5.1) A. complementary B. complimentary C. complimentarycomplimentary: 1) expressing admiration, praise, etc.2) given free of chargecomplementary: making something complete or perfect; supplying what is lacking or needed for completion2) A. stationery B. stationary C. stationarystationary: not moving, or not changingstationery: writing materials (e.g. paper, envelopes, etc.)3) A. typist B. typewriter C. typisttypewriter: a machine with a keyboard that you use for typing words directly onto a sheet of papertypist: a person who types, especially one employed to do so4) A. vulgar B. vague C. vaguevague: 1) not clearly expressed, known, described or decided2) not clear in shape; not clearly seenvulgar: not having or showing good taste or good manners; not educated5) A. pad B. pat C. padpad: 1) several sheets of paper fastened together, used for writing, drawing, etc.2) a piece of soft thick cloth or rubber which is used to protect a part of the body, give shape to something or clean something6) A. own B. owed C. owes D. ownedowe: 1) have to pay, for something already done or given2) feel gratefulown: 1) a. belonging to oneself and to no one else2) v. possess (something), especially by lawful right6.1)searched 2) clever 3) solution 4) wasted 5) tolerate 6) hidden 7) dumb 8) subject 9) noise 10) extra 11) purchased 12) replaced 13) appreciation 14) hurried 15) warrant 16) strange2)1) C 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) B 6) A 7) C 8) A 9) A 10) AUnit 3Vocabulary1. 1) genetic 2) assign 3) noticeably 4) approved 5) Bias 6) deprived 7) constituted 8) participation 9) unintentional 10)postgraduate2. conscious – unconscious positive – negativeencourage – discourage superior – inferiordirectly – indirectly biased – fairsexist – nonsexist limited – unlimiteddependent –independent appropriately –inappropriately3. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) E 5) B 6) C 7) F 8) B4. 1) turn out 2) carry over 3) calling on 4) put away 5) fallen behind 6) take over1) B 2) C 3) B 4) A 5) C 6) B 7) B 8) B 9) C 10) B 11) C 12) AUnit 4Vocabulary1. 1) confused, confusion 2) intelligence, intelligent 3) humorous, humor 4) strategy, strategic 5) motivated, motivation6) combination, combined7) creation, creative 8) pursuit, pursuing 9) multiplication, multiply 10) employ, employment2. 1) perfected 2) approaching 3) value 4) functions 5) approach6) perfect 7) honor 8) function 9) honor 10) value3. 1) dismiss 2) consequences 3) promoting 4) applies 5) vital6) scorned 7) conventional 8) original4. 1) consciously 2) innovative 3) unconsciously 4) determines 5) Imagination6) aware 7) control 8) created 9) extension 10) technique 11) vulnerable 12) unfolding 13) joyful 14) gain 15) Apply1) C 2) B 3) B 4) A 5) C 6) A 7) A 8) C 9) B 10) A 11) B 12) Bunit 5Vocabulary2. 1) is bound to 2) follow their lead 3) goes too far/is goingtoo far4) take the place of 5) dropped out 6) have a fit 7) measure up to8) look up to 9) Let’s face it 10) you name it3. 1) outgrown 2) outdo 3) outwitted 4) outweigh 5) outlived1) C 2) B 3) B 4) B 5) B 6) C 7) A 8) A 9) C 10) A 11) C 12) C。
新编大学英语4课后习题答案完整版
新编大学英语4课后习题答案完整版在大学英语的学习过程中，课后习题是巩固知识、提升能力的重要环节。
新编大学英语 4 的课后习题涵盖了听、说、读、写、译等多个方面，对于全面提升英语综合水平具有重要意义。
接下来，为您呈现新编大学英语 4 课后习题的完整答案。
第一单元的课后习题主要围绕词汇、语法和阅读理解展开。
在词汇部分，需要掌握一些常用的单词和短语，如“prestige”“conformity”“deviate”等。
对于语法，重点考察了时态、语态和虚拟语气。
例如，“If I had known the truth, I would not have made such a mistake” 这是一个典型的虚拟语气句子。
阅读理解则要求理解文章的主旨大意、细节信息以及作者的观点态度。
第二单元的习题更加注重听力和写作。
听力部分需要认真听取对话和短文，抓住关键信息。
写作任务通常是根据给定的主题进行短文创作，比如描述一次难忘的经历或者对某个社会现象发表看法。
在词汇方面，像“dilemma”“consensus”“compromise”等词汇需要熟练运用。
第三单元的课后习题在难度上有所提升。
阅读文章的篇幅更长，理解难度也相应增加。
这就要求我们具备更强的阅读技巧和逻辑思维能力。
语法部分对定语从句和状语从句的考察较为深入。
例如，“The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting” 这里的“which I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句。
第四单元的习题重点在翻译和口语表达。
翻译部分需要准确理解中文句子的含义，并用地道的英语进行表达。
口语练习则通过情景模拟，锻炼我们的日常交流能力。
第五单元的课后习题综合性较强。
不仅有词汇的拓展和语法的巩固，还有阅读理解和写作的强化训练。
阅读理解文章的题材更加多样化，包括科技、文化、教育等领域。
写作题目则鼓励我们发挥想象力，展现独特的观点和思维方式。
新编大学英语4课后翻译与填空答案
Unit21)Jack is a student who thrives on activity.杰克是一个学生活动蓬勃发展。
2)She was thinking of a strategy before her next move.她想的战略之前，她的下一步行动。
3)Companies publish their annual report to inform the public about the previous year's activities.公司发布的年度报告，告知公众有关前一年的活动。
4)We've done a lot of work and we deserve a break.我们已经做了很多工作，我们应该有一个突破。
5)Louisa made a spontaneous decision to board a train for London to visit her aunt.路易莎做了一个自发的决定，登上了开往伦敦的火车来参观她的姨妈。
6)I want to express my sincere apologies for what I said.我想表达我真诚的道歉，我说什么。
7)Stocks are regarded as good long-term investments股票被视为良好的长期投资8)The new enterprise will hire additional staff.新的企业将雇用更多员工。
9)You should follow up your letter with a phone call.你应该跟进你的打个电话的信10)The hero of the book is characterized as a person of very strong principles.书中的主人公的特点是作为一个很强的原则的人。
11)Smoke lingered long after the fire was put out.烟徘徊后，大火被扑灭。
新编大学英语4课后答案
新编大学英语（第四册）习题答案Unit11.1)A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer2)A recognizable B recognized C recognition D3)A tempting B temptation C tempt4)A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason5)A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis6)A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values7)A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless8)A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood 2.1)a sense of responsibility2)a sense of safety/security3)a sense of inferiority4)a sense of superiority5)a sense of rhythm6)a sense of justice7)a sense of shame8)a sense of helplessness9)a sense of direction10)a sense of urgency3.1)Lively behavior is normal2)Fast cars appeal to3)diverse arguments4)I asked my boss for clarification5)sensitive to light6)Mutual encouragement7)made fun of him8)persists in his opinion/viewpoint9)to be the focus/center of attention10)we buy our tickets in advance4.1)certain/sure2)involved3)end4)behavior5)disciplining6) agreed7)individually8)first9)response10)question11)attempt12) voice13)directly14)followed15)troubleUnit2Column A Column B The Compound Wordscreated through day throughoutup man upbeat,upliftdraw eared drawbackteen ready teenagehand conscious handout,handwrittenbirth back birthday,birthstonechair distance chairmanrag beat rag-earedever lift ever-readyover age overdue,overagelong due long-distance,long-earedself stone self-consciousmile out mileage,milestonetype wishing typewriter,typewrittenwell Writer/written well-wishing,well-writtenStep Two1)long-distance2)upbeat3)ever-ready4)overdue5)typewriter6)milestone7)handwritten8)uplifted9)self-conscious10) rag-eared11)birthday12)throughout13)drawbacks14)chairman15) teenage3.1)thrives2)strategy3)annual4)deserve5)spontaneous6) sincere7)investments8)enterprise9)follow up10)characterized11) lingered12)acknowledged4.column1)D2)A3)B4)C tough1)D2)B3)E4)F5) C6)A6.1)searched2)clever3)solution4)wasted5) tolerate6)hidden7)dumb8)subject9)noise10)extra11)purchased12) replaced13)appreciation14)hurried15)warrant16)strangeUnit3Understanding the Organization of the Text(1)Introduction(para1)It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions,andinterests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredityand culture.(2)There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls.(para. 2-4)Supporting evidenceA.Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (para2)i)Its consequence:This has a tremendous impact on the learning process.ii)The reason for this:Active classroom participants develop more positive attitudesand go on to higher achievement.iii)Two examples:a.In many of the former all-women’s colleges,the boys were taking over the class-room discussions and active participation by women students had diminished noticeably.b.A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in law and medical school classrooms in recent years.B.Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles.(para.3)i)Its consequence:This prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class.ii)An example:A teacher had the little boys perform the scientific experiment while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away.C.Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teacher’assumption.(para4)i)The assumption:Boys will do better in the hard,masculine subjects of math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.ii)Three examples:a.American boys do develop reading problems,while girls,who are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine,fall behind from then on.b.In Germany,all studies are considered masculine and it is girls who develop reading problems.c.In Japan,where early education appears to be nonsexist,both girls and boys do equally well in reading.(3)The educational bias begins at home.(para5)A.Supporting evidence:i)Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much wider area than girl preschoolers.ii)Boys were encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills,while girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of for their goodness and obedience to rules.B.The consequence when these lessons carry over from the home to the classroom:Girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher,more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than its content,and more anxious about being right in their answers than in being intellectually independent,analytical,or original.C.Conclusion:Through the educational process that occupies most of the child’s waking hours,society reinforces its established values and turns out each sex in its traditional and expected mold.Vocabulary1.1)genetic2)assign3)noticeably4)approved5)Bias6) deprived7)constituted8)participation9)unintentional10)postgraduate 2.conscious-unconsciousencourage-discouragedirectly-indirectlysexist–nonsexistdependent-independentpositive–negativesuperior-inferiorbiased–fairlimited–unlimitedappropriately-inappropriately3.1)C2)D3)A4)E5)B6)C7)F8)B4.1)turn out2)carry over3)calling on4)put away5)fallen behind6)take overunit4Reading Comprehension1.1)Introduction(para1)It is introduced in the article how teachers and parents can encouragecreativity in children.2)An important strategy for parents and teachers to follow(para.2-3)A.The strategy:To encourage children to spend time thinking and developing new ideas.B.The significance for adopting the strategy:If children can be taught to think creatively,they will be better able tofunction in tomorrow’s society.3)The definition of creativity(para.4-5)A.Who successful students and adults are:Those who can find a number of ways to approach problems.B.What creative people can do:They can use what they have to produce original ideas that are good forsomething.4)A big problem in school(para.6)The problem:Children can obtain and give back information,but can’t figureout ways to apply what they know in new situations.5)A new approach to teaching(para7)A.The approach:Combining the basics with the activities where students mustuse their imaginations.B.How to do so:By asking questions and meanwhile praising their ideas andnew thoughts.C.How to facilitate the process:To create an atmosphere in which there is norisk in being creative--a place where wild ideas are honored and valued,never scorned or dismissed.6)Things parents can do at home to encourage creativity(para.8-10)A.To involve children in decision making.B.To help children to understand the consequences of various decisions.C.To encourage them to talk out loud about things they are doing. The reasonfor doing so:Talking out loud improves language skills and thinking skills.D.To show a sense of humor.The reason for doing so:Children can seecreativity in its purest form.E.To give children choices from their earliest age.Examples:a.When they are very young,let them choose between two food items forlunch.b. B.When they grow older,let them decide how to use their time or spendtheir money.Vocabulary3.1)dismiss2)consequences3)promoting4)applies5)vital6) scorned7)conventional8)original4.1)consciously2)innovative3)unconsciously4)determined5) Imagination6)aware7)control8)created9)extension10)technique11) vulnerable12)unfolding13)joyful14)gain15)ApplyUnit5Understanding the organization of the text1)Introduction(para.1)Athletes are chosen to be role models,and they can choose only to be good orbad ones.2)Athletes should be role models.(para.2-5)The author’s arguments:A.Athletes should not refuse the responsibility of being a role model whileaccepting all the glory and the money that comes with being a famous athlete.(para.2)B.I try to be a positive role model,but that doesn’t mean I am perfect. (para.3)C.Qualities of a positive role model:(para.4)a.He influences people’s lives in a positive way.b.He gives of himself in time or money to help those who look up to him.c.He displays the values like honesty and determination.D.Athletes cannot take the place of parents,but can help reinforce what parentstry to teach their children.(para.5)3)People sometimes expect so much that some athletes don’t want to be rolemodes.(para.6-7)A.Sometimes people put athletes on a pedestal.Example:I have had parents in Utah put my picture on the wall beside JesusChrist.(para.6)B.Constantly being watched by the public can be hard to tolerate at times.Example:1:Negative publicity Michael Jordan received about gambling.2.Ever since I played on the Dream Team,I can’t go anywherewithout being the center of attention and I can’t even buy amotorcycle I really want.(para.7)4)Conclusion(para8-9)The good things about being a role model outweigh the bad.A.It’s a great feeling to think you are part of the reason that a id decided to tryto be good.B.But parents should remind their kids that there are no perfect human beings.C.Charles Barkley is a good role model.Vocabulary2.1)is bound to2)follow their lead3)goes too far/is going too far4)take the place of5)dropped out6)have a fit7)measure up to8)look up to9)Let’s face it10)you name it3.1)outgrown2)outdo3)outwitted4)outweigh5)outlivedUNIT71.belief–doubt deep-shallow learn-unlearn shame-pride inadequate-adequatesuccess-failure boring-interesting dependent-independent mediocre-excellent uselessusefulwell-informed----ill-informed smart-dull painful-painless imaginativeunimaginative2.1)deprived of2)for the sake of3)get away with4)dropped out5)by no means6)got down to7)distinguish…from8)look back on9)gone through10)after all11)be rid of12)on my own3.choice secure hear who keep while now This pressure expecting tests within had catch marks patents obtain/get teachers relax shapeUNIT81.C E B D A F2.relearn再学习regain收回，重新获得redo重做，再做rewrite 重写，改写rearrange重新整理reclaim要求归还，收回remodel重新塑造，改变replace取代rephrase重新措辞rejoin再结合，在加入reform改革readjust重新调整reunited（使）再结合rebroadcast转播，重播reread再读review 复习3.B A D A D C A A A BUNIT91.1)observation2)available3)discoveries4)acceptance5) experimentation6)inventions7)evolution8)adaptable9)innovative10) objectivity2.1)out of the ordinary2)preceded3)To be exact4)Contradict(ed)5)ProsperityCOLUMN A COLUMN BInvention inventavailable nnovateAdaptable AdaptDiscovery DiscoverAcceptance AcceptEvolution EvolveObjectivity ObjectiveObservation ObserveExperimentation ExperimentProsperity Prosperdisastrous disaster6)Gave birth to7)Catch our breath8)had in mind9)proposed 10)converted11)disastrous12)negative3.1)She had hardly sat down2)Especially if/when you want to reserve a seat3)is not necessarily the most useful4)What sort/kind of person do you have in mind5)There’s a limit on the time6)Spend part of his childhood7)three times as many girls as boys8)as do most of the people who live in this village9)but on the other hand it would be sad to lose the family atmosphere10)Depite/In spite of international pressure。
新编大学英语第四版四Unit 6 7 9背诵部分翻译加原文
Unit 6[4] All of this is another way of saying that nothing we do is completely safe.There are risks, often potentially serious ones, associated with every hobby we have, every job we take, every food we eat—in other words, with every action.But the fact that there are risks associated with everything we are going to do does not, or should not, reduce us to trembling neurotics. Some actions are riskier than others.The point is to inform ourselves about the relevant risks and then act accordingly[N].4 上面说的这一切，只是从另一角度说明我们所做的事没有一件是百分之百安全的。
有些风险——常常是潜在的重大风险——与我们的每个业余爱好、所做的每项工作、所吃的每种食物有关，换句话说，与所进行的任何活动有关。
但我们又不能，也不该因危险存在于我们将要做的每件事，而变成战战兢兢的神经症患者。
有些活动是比其它活动更危险。
关键在于要让自己了解相应的风险，然后相机行事。
8] Once we understand that risk can never be totally eliminated from any situation and that, therefore, nothing is completely safe, we will then see that the issue is not one of avoiding risks altogether but rather one of managing risks in a sensible way[N].Risk management requires two things: common sense and information about the character and degree of the risks we may be running.8 我们一旦明白了风险是永远无法从任何情况中完全去除的，因而就没有绝对安全的事，我们也就会明白问题的关键不是要彻底避免风险，而是要理智地管理风险。
新编大学英语4(第三版)课后翻译UNIT1-6
1. Lively behavior is normal (活泼的举止是正常的) for a four-year-old child.2. Fast cars appeal to John （速度快的车对约翰有吸引力）, but he can’t afford one.3. Dave required a lot of time to study the diverse arguments (各种各样的论据).4. I asked my boss for clarification (我要求我的上司进行澄清)，and she explained the project to me again.5. Photographic film is sensitive to light (对光很敏感).6. Mutual encouragement (互相鼓励) can be a great help, especially in the early days.7. Jimmy cried when people made fun of him (拿他开玩笑).8. John won’t give up. He persists in his opinion (坚持他的观点).9. Ted always wants to be the focus of attention (成为注意的焦点).10. Is it cheaper if we buy our tickets in advance (我们提前买票)?1.However, the main drawback with this type of search engine (这种搜索引擎的主要缺陷) is its tendency to include too much information.2.She’s very generous with her time (她从不吝惜自己的时间)---always ready to help other people.3. You may have known someone else for 20 years and yet they will never be more than a casual acquaintance (他们永远只是泛泛之交).4. He doubted that the car was hers (他怀疑这车不是她的)because everyone knew she had no money.5. It’s impossible to forget such horrific events--- they will remain in the memory forever (它们会永远留在记忆中).6. In a word too often filled with uncertainties (在这样一个常常充满各种不确定性的世界上),it is nice to have a safety net, something you can rely on.7. The earthquake happened a year ahead of prediction by the research group (比该研究小组的预报提前了一年), but earthquakes are usually difficult to predict.8. I don't mind being awakened once or twice in the middle of the night by my roommate so long as she doesn’t make a habit of it (只要她不养成习惯).1. Their study shows that sports skills carry over into personal life (可以运用到个人生活中).2. I find myself call on the boys more often (更多地叫男生回答问题), because they tend to be the ones having trouble staying on task.3. I used to have trouble getting all the laundry put away (把要洗的衣服放好) before it was time to do the next batch.4. After her time in hospital, Jenny’s parents are afraid she has fallen behind academically (在学业上落后了).5. People are wondering who’s going to take over (谁会接班) when the old president dies.1. I think it is up to him to finish the work (这工作都得由他来完成)no matter how long it takes.2. We decided to sacrifice a trip for a new car (我们决定为买新车而放弃旅行)，though it was really hard for us to make the decision.3. He tried not to involve his wife in the management of the company (让他的妻子参与公司的管理工作),because in most cases the advantages outweighed the disadvantages.4. It is of vital importance to future generations (对未来几代人都是极其重要的) that open spaces and parklands are protected and maintained to a high standard to keep the city increasingly attractive.5. We have reached the agreement at the meeting that the key to this problem is better planning (解决这个问题的关键是更好的策划).6. I propose pursuing this question further (继续深入讨论这个问题) by considering critically the four theories well-known in this area.7. The house was a completely original design (这个房子是完全新颖的设计)----neither the interior nor the exterior was copied of any existing buildings of the kind.8. Through all his life he has made efforts to promote the mutual understanding1. One of the reasons they became good friends (他们成为好朋友的其中一个理由) was that they enjoyed the same sports and music.2. We will learn by our own experience what is best, and not by following the footsteps of others (不是靠重复别人的足迹).3. He will play in two tournaments in Japan, which means he will miss the world cup (这意味着他将错过世界杯)in his home country.4. She wondered whether to say she missed him very much or to continue to keep silent(是否表白自己很想他还是继续保持沉默).She had to think about their relationship again.5. Her mind was soothed by memories of her dad and of the days when she wasa little girl living with dad in the country (她还是个小女孩时同父亲一起住在乡下的日子).6. No matter how insignificant the findings were at the time (无论调查结果在当时是多少没有意义), it is important to record all of them properly.7. Constantly being criticized by parents (总是受到父母的批评)can seriously hurt the children and won’t reinforce what the parents try to teach.8. The danger of going too far (做过头的危险)was always present because he1.He was finally offered the job on the strength of his good memory （凭借他的记忆力好）and the many exams he had passed.2.She favors a bit of adventure as well as a certain degree of self-government when her children's education is concerned（当涉及到她孩子的教育时）.3.Most people who are sick with AIDS want to stay at home, rather than spend time unnecessarily in hospital（而不愿意毫无必要地呆在医院里）.4.What if I choose to give small amounts of money regularly over a period of time （在一段时间内定期给少量的钱）instead of donating a large sum once for all?5.I am afraid, Mr. Peterson, the answer is that （答案是这样的）we have to be more efficient than our European competitors.6.The museum does not intend to focus on a particular aspect of modern art（并不打算只关注现代艺术的某个具体方面）, but prefers to offer material for the public to study and compare.7.She has decided not to go for a drive on such a windy day even supposing a car was available(即便能搞到一辆车).8.I am well aware of the fact that you have cut yourself off from your past and have。
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Unit 6 RisksUseful InformationRisk is the probability of losing something of value. Since we value life above other things, the greatest risk for most people is the risk of death. Yet life itself, to the best of our knowledge, is ultimately limited. Th e key word here is “ultimately”. Since we hope to live a lot longer, we easily overlook the routine and long-range risks associated with being human, and concentrate instead on other sorts of risks. We rarely think about the chances of death, disability, or disaster, or try to predict the times of their occurrence. Walking across the street in many cities is more dangerous than riding an airplane across an ocean, but many people give no thought to the former and have great fear of the latter. People eagerly do dangerous things for recreation that they would rarely do at work, such as scaling a steep mountain or skiing rapidly down it. Young people are especially willing to take foolish chances for the sheer joy of doing so, or because they discount the probability of adverse outcomes. Yet they should probably be much more careful than their elders, since they have longer life expectancies remaining and thus have more at stake.Other things we value include health, safety, money, property, relationships and happiness. There are risks attached to the loss of any of these. Hypochondriacs exaggerate the risks of ill health or injury. Ironically the precautions taken to promote health and safety may add to a hypochondriac’s perception of the risks involved. A wise investor takes calculated risks with money, and tries to choose reasonable risks over unreasonable ones. A compulsive gambler, on the other hand, is so addicted to risk that there is little thought of the loss that inevitably follows from gambling indefinitely against the odds. So risk itself may at times be perceived as a reward.Optimists and pessimists have opposite attitudes toward risk. Extreme optimists always expect the best. Therefore they try to maximize gain. More cautious optimists may try to maximize the minimum gain. Extreme pessimists always expect the worst. Therefore they come to expect the maximum loss. More moderate pessimists may try to maximize the minimum loss. The science of cost-benefit analysis studies these and other strategies for managing risk. So does actuarial science (保险计算科学), with special emphasis on the risks of death, injury, or illness.One way to manage risk in ordinary life is through rational planning. By considering alternatives and balancing the greatest or most likely risks against the greatest or most likely rewards, we can often make better decisions and give greater consideration to long-term outcomes. By always having a contingency plan in case our main plan fails, we can usually avoid catastrophes. But planning takes effort, and we must balance this effort against the pleasure of doing things spontaneously because they are not very important or not very risky, and plan other things carefully because they are very important or very risky.Part OnePREPARATION1. Risks in Jobs仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢1Note: Students may ha ve different ideas in grouping these jobs. That’s natural.2. Which activity is riskier?STEP ONEThe following is a list of the activities from the riskiest to the safest:rock climbing→skydiving →driving a motorcycle→being a 65-year-old man→skiing→flying in an airplane→ driving a car→ working on a farmSTEP THREE—I prefer to do rock-climbing. I know it’s a risky sport but I really want to challenge myself and see how I can use my muscles and brain to do a tough job. You may ask why I like this risky sport while there are so many safer ones to test my strength and determination.I was born in a mountain area and I’ve been enjoying mountain climbing since mychildhood. I always feel excited while climbing a mountain, and rock-climbing is even more exciting. It’s true rock-climbing is full of dangers, but life itself is full of dangers too. With modern equipment and our brains, we can prevent serious accidents and minor injuries won’t hurt us too much.—I don’t think I would like any of the activities listed. Actually I don’t like sports. As far back as I can recall, my childhood was spent in hospital. In other words, I was in poor health for a long time. When other children in the neighborhood began their training in sports, I had to go to hospital and take medicine to survive. In that case, I wasn’t allowed to play outdoors most of the time. In addition to my physical weakness, I’m cautious by nature. I don’t like to take any risks in my life. Anyway, I’m an excellent chess player. My father taught me how to play chess and bought several books about chess to improve my skill. So chess is something I enjoy most.3. Why Would People Like to Take Risks?Sample:仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢2I am really impressed by these quotes. They tell us that life is full of risks. As Ali put it, he who is not courageous enough to take risks will accomplish nothing in life. So taking risks is an essential part of growth and progress. If we look at some famous people we know, obviously they are all good risk takers.In addition to making achievements, some people take risks to enjoy a new experience and to challenge themselves. They want to look like a courageous guy or a strong person. Taking risks will make them feel more confident and competent. They also want to enjoy the excitement in risk taking because their lives are otherwise too peaceful and comfortable.Part TwoREADING-CENTERED ACTIVITIESIn-Class ReadingPre-ReadingSampleThe three riskiest things I do in a normal day: ride my bicycle in heavy traffic; run down stairs; do scientific experiments.Passage ReadingWords, Phrases and Grammatical Points1. risk关于risk的词组有很多：at risk处于危险之中e.g. I) The disease is spreading, and all children under five are at risk.II) Heart disease can be avoided if people at risk take medical advice.at the risk of冒……的危险e.g. I) He saved my life at the risk of losing his own.II) At the risk of offending you, I must tell you that I disapprove of your behavior.run the risk of冒……的危险e.g.I) I don’t want to run the risk of me eting George.II) I was afraid to run the risk of betting on the game.take a risk/risks冒险做可能失败或危险的事e.g. I) You are taking a big risk driving so fast.II) But he must be cautious; he must take no unnecessary risks.2. “And from these threats come questions that we must pose to ourselves…” (l. 6)1) This sentence means that these threats give rise to questions that we must ask ourselves.当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组，谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动作动词时，句子通常全部倒装。