理解学生03
班主任如何与学生有效沟通
强调互相支持
鼓励学生之间相互支持和帮助，通过互相学习、互相尊重来提升班 级整体的团队精神。
培养责任感
让每个学生都明白自己在班级中的责任，通过承担责任来增强团队精 神。
班级凝聚力的提升
建立良好的班级氛围
营造一个积极向上、友好和谐的班级氛围，让学生感到舒适和安 全。
公平和公正。
批评要适度
班主任的批评要适度，不过度 严厉也不过于宽松，让学生认 识到问题的严重性并愿意改正 。
批评要引导
班主任的批评要以引导学生认 识错误和不足为主要目的，帮 助学生找到解决问题的方法和 途径。
批评要避免伤害
班主任的批评要注意避免伤害 学生的自尊心和自信心，让学
生感受到被尊重和被关注。
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02
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选拔与任用
根据学生的特点和能力， 选拔合适的学生干部，充 分发挥其组织、协调和管 理能力。
培训与指导
定期组织学生干部培训， 提高其工作能力和领导素 质，同时加强对学生干部 的指导和帮助。
激励与评价
建立学生干部激励机制， 给予优秀学生干部表彰和 奖励，同时定期评价其工 作表现。
学生心理的引导
关注学生情感
密切关注学生的情感变化 ，及时发现和解决学生的 情感问题，如焦虑、抑郁 等。
建立信任关系
与学生建立良好的信任关 系，倾听学生的心声，了 解学生的需求，提供适当 的支持和帮助。
心理辅导与教育
定期开展心理辅导活动， 帮助学生认识自我、调节 情绪、增强自信心和应对 压力的能力。
05 沟通技巧的提升
06 班级文化的建设
价值观的培养
尊重每个学生的个性
课题三关爱学生ppt课件
积极倾听学生的意见、建议和 困惑，给予及时的反馈和解答 ，让学生感受到被重视和理解 。
激励与鼓励
发现学生的优点和进步，及时 给予肯定和鼓励，激发他们的 积极性和创造力。
提供心理支持
关注学生的情绪变化，及时进 行心理疏导和支持，帮助他们
应对挫折和困难。
未来努力的方向
加强教师培训
提高教师关爱学生的意识和能力，通 过培训和教育让更多的教师掌握关爱 学生的方法和技巧。
了解学生的学习情况
培养学生的学习能力
定期与学生沟通，了解他们的学习进 度、困难和需求，以便提供有针对性 的指导和支持。
注重培养学生的自主学习、独立思考 和解决问题的能力，鼓励他们积极探 索和创新。
提供个性化辅导
根据学生的特点和需求，提供个性化 的学习计划和辅导，帮助学生克服学 习障碍，提高学习效果。
自己的潜力和价值。
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引导学生发现和发展兴趣爱好
教师可以通过了解学生的兴趣爱好和特长，引导他们发现和发展自己的
潜能和才华。
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培养学生的责任感和使命感
教师可以通过引导学生参与社会实践和志愿服务等活动，培养他们的责
任感和使命感，提高他们的社会责任感。
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课题总结
关爱学生的意义
提高学生心理健康
关爱学生能够给予他们更多的情 感支持，帮助他们建立自信心， 增强抗挫能力，从而减少心理问
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及时发现学生的情绪波动和心理问题，提供心理支持和疏导。
提供心理健康教育
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定期开展心理健康教育活动，帮助学生了解心理健康知识，提
高心理素质。
与家长合作
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与家长保持密切联系，共同关注学生的心理健康状况，提供必
学生管理的心理学智慧
阅读感受
这本书并没有过多地介绍高深的教育理论，而是深入浅出地解析了学生管理 的核心问题。它从教师的自我定位、与学生互动的策略，到不同情境下的管理技 巧，都做了详尽的阐述。这其中，我特别赞同的一点是关于如何在学生中建立威 信的观点。书里提到，一个有威信的教师更能影响和引导学生。但威信并不是让 学生害怕，而是建立在专业能力、人格魅力和适当的威慑力基础上的。
内容摘要
这些建议有助于建立互信、互助的师生关系，使学生在管理过程中更加合作和顺从。 本书强调了持续学习和自我反省在学生管理中的重要性。教育工作者需要不断学习新的心理学知 识和技能，以便更好地应对学生行为问题。他们也需要自我反省，审视自己的管理方式和效果， 以便不断改进和完善自己的管理技能。 《学生管理的心理学智慧》这本书的内容丰富而实用，为教育工作者提供了宝贵的心理学智慧和 实用建议。通过阅读本书，教育工作者可以更好地理解学生行为问题，运用心理学原理进行有效 的学生管理，建立良好的师生关系，并不断学习和自我反省，提升自己的管理技能。
学生管理的心理学智慧
读书笔记
01 思维导图
03 精彩摘录 05 目录分析
目录
02 内容摘要 04 阅读感受 06 作者简介
思维导图
本书关键字分析思维导图
管理
良好
心理学
行为
心理学
需求
学习
智慧
管理
学生
教育工作 者
原理
学生
问题
运用
关系
智慧
师生
建立
内容摘要
内容摘要
《学生管理的心理学智慧》是一本旨在帮助教育工作者更好地理解和应对学生行为问题的书籍。 本书运用心理学的原理和方法，深入浅出地阐述了如何运用心理学智慧进行学生管理。 本书强调了理解学生行为的重要性。学生行为问题不仅影响学生的学习效果，还可能对他们的心 理健康产生长期影响。因此，教育工作者需要深入了解学生的心理需求和行为动机，以便更好地 指导和管理学生。 本书介绍了如何运用心理学原理来管理学生。例如，利用皮格马利翁效应激发学生的自信心，利 用马斯洛的需求层次理论满足学生的基本需求，以及利用行为主义理论纠正学生的不良行为。这 些原理和方法不仅有助于解决学生的行为问题，还有助于培养学生的积极心态和良好习惯。 本书还探讨了如何建立良好的师生关系。良好的师生关系是有效学生管理的基础。本书提供了建 立良好师生关系的建议，如尊重学生、倾听学生、学生的情感需求等。
第03讲 绝对值（学生版）
第3讲 绝对值【知识扫描】知识点一 对绝对值的几何定义的理解1. 数轴上表示数a 的点与原点的距离叫数a 的绝对值，记作|a |。
它是一个非负数，即|a |≥0。
拓展：若干个非负数之和为0，则每一个非负数都为0。
即|a |＋|b |＋…＋＝0，则有|a |＝0，|b|＝0，……，所以a ＝0，b ＝0，……2. 绝对值等于同一个整数的有理数有2个，它们互为相反数；反之，互为相反数的两个数绝对值相等，如|a |＝5，则a ＝±5。
知识点二 对绝对值的代数定义的理解一个正数的绝对值是它本身；0的绝对值是0；一个负数的绝对值是它的相反数。
即：对于任何有理数a ，都有()()()⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧0000＜－＝＞＝a a a a a a知识点三 有理数的大小比较（1）两个正数比较，绝对值大的数较大； （2）正数大于0，负数小于0，正数大于负数； （3）两个负数比较，绝对值大的反而小。
【典型例题】考点一 利用绝对值的定义求解 【例1】－6的绝对值是（ ）A ．6B ．61 C ．61－ D ．－6 【变式】（1）在－3，－3.5，－3.75中，绝对值最小的数是________，离原点最远的是________（2）化简：|3.14－π|＝____________ 考点二 已知一个数的绝对值，求这个数【例2】已知一个数的绝对值等于2018，则这个数是____________ 【变式】绝对值小于3的所有整数是________________ 【例3】如果|a |＝2，|b |＝3，且a ＜b ，求a 、b 的值。
【变式】若a ，b 互为相反数，c ，d 互为负倒数，m 的绝对值为3，求cd m mba －＋＋2的值．考点三 有理数的大小比较方法【例4】用“＞”号将021211212，，－，－，连接起来【例5】比较大小：32－与43－【例6】已知a 、b 为有理数，且a ＞0，b ＜0，a ＜|b |，则a ，b ，－a ，－b 的大小顺序是( )A. b ＜－a ＜a ＜－bB. －a ＜a ＜－b ＜bC. －a ＜b ＜a ＜－bD. －b ＜a ＜－a ＜b考点四 绝对值的非负性的运用【例7】若|x －2|＋|y ＋3|＋|z －5|＝0，计算:（1）x ，y ，z 的值. （2）求|x |＋|y |＋|z |的值.【变式】若|3－a |与|b －1|互为相反数，求ba ba －＋的值。
专题03 阅读理解-人物故事-2021年高考真题及模拟题分类调研(学生版)
专题03 阅读理解-人物故事2021年高考真题及模拟题分类调研人与自我中的人物故事是高考新课标中的重要话题，高考命题人青睐于催人奋进的感人故事或是富有哲理的令人深思的故事。
2021高考真题C【2021·英语全国甲卷】When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Saf e!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,”I told him. Then, slo wly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”8．What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?A．He felt disappointed. B．He gave up his hobby.C．He liked the weather there. D．He had disagreements with his family.9．What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?A．Be careful! B．Well done! C．No way! D．Don't worry!10．Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?A．To join the skateboarding. B．To make new friends.C．To learn more tricks. D．To relive his childhood days11．What message does the author seem to convey in the text?A．Children should learn a second language.B．Sport is necessary for children's health.C．Children need a sense of belongingD．Seeing the world is a must for children.B【2021·全国新高考I卷】By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained.Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next p age, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”24．What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner?A．Read music. B．Play the piano.C．Sing songs. D．Fix the instruments.25．Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage?A．Boring. B．Well-paid.C．Demanding. D．Dangerous.26．What does Titterton need to practise?A．Counting the pages. B．Recognizing the “nodding”.C．Catching falling objects. D．Performing in his own style.27．Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband “the worse page turner”?A．He has very poor eyesight. B．He ignores the audience.C．He has no interest in music. D．He forgets to do his job.2021高考模拟题精选B【东北三校（哈师大附中、东师大附中、辽宁省实验中学）2021届高三第四次联合模拟】I’m Reed, 26 years old and from New York City, but I moved to Florida several months ago. I found out on the website that there was a huge rescue effort still going on down here and that volunteers were desperately needed. I was able to get a good friend to sponsor my trip here and had the opportunity to come up for a couple of weeks through the Christmas season,When I first got here we were just moving into the new building. The first half of my stay I was mainly helping to set this place up, help build a lot of the dug runs and just help out with whatever else was needed. The second week I started to be able to get out more and started filling up feeding stations in St. Bernard Parish.One day we were out trying to check out an extremely pregnant dog that was reported to be out in St. Bernard Parish, which would soon have parts of it destroyed so getting as many animals out of there as possible was definitely a priority (最重要的事). When we arrived at the location we did see a female dog that clearly had already given birth to her puppies. I tied to befriend her as much as possible, giving her treats and slowly trying to build her trust. She wasn’t go ing far, so that indicated her puppies were nearby.Once we built somewhat of a rapport with her, we started to search for the puppies. Almost giving up, we arrived at a house that seemed like it could be a possibility. I got on my hands and knees trying to make out what was going on under the house, staying as quiet as possible. All of a sudden, I heard the weakest sound of a puppy’s crying. After homing in on it a little bit more, there was clearly a trash under the house. After getting a little morehelp, we were able to get the puppies from under the house with success and we found out they weren’t even a week old.This experience was so unbelievable, one I know I’ll never forget.4．What did Reed do in the first week in Florida?A．Feeding dogs in the streets.B．Searching for sponsorship to travel.C．Helping with some construction work.D．Assisting in tearing down an old building.5．Which of the following can best describe Reed?A．Warm-hearted and promising. B．Enthusiastic and caring.C．Considerate and generous. D．Kind and humorous.6．What does the underlined word “rapport” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Extreme hatred.B．Everlasting friendship.C．Harmonious relationship.D．Psychological defense.7．What can we infer from the passage?A．The puppies were strong and lively.B．Reed made efforts to save the puppies.C．St. Bernard Parish was being destroyed.D．The female dog would give birth to puppies.B【广东广雅中学2021届高三适应性测试（五）】Growing up, Deka Ismail says she let labels define what she could be. “I was a black girl, from a refuge e (难民) family,” Deka said. “It was as if I was only allowed to explore in this predetermined box.”After a high school chemistry class inspired her to think about a career in science and gave her confidence in the field, Deka learned to live outside labels and began making big plans for her future. Now she is about to begin her freshman year at the University of California, planning to become a professor.Born and raised in San Diego's City Heights neighbourhood, Deka is the daughter of a Somali refugee couple. While some might say Deka's success happened in spite of her background, she would say differently, that herexperiences shaped her and inspired her to be the driven, young scientist that she is today.When Deka was eight years old, her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to support the whole family. That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to one's life. She spent a lot of time in the library reading books, and didn't do many of the things her peers did, like partying or having romantic relationships.“I always felt like I had to be the perfect girl for my family,” Deka said. “You have to not even do your best but two times better than everyone else. I felt like the whole world was waiting for me to mess up.”Deka's efforts paid off. The summer before her senior year of high school, she was accepted to the American Chemical Society Project SEED Programme. “She brought both enthusiasm and focus,” Botham, a researcher at this research institute, recalled. “She ar rived every day ready to work, ready to learn and ready to tackle new challenges regardless of whether or not she had done anything similar.”When asked what advice she would give to others like her, Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves. “Don't tell yourself that scholarship is too big or this programme is too competitive or I'll never get into this school, ” she said. “I was not sure whether I could make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rolling in.”4．From the passage, we can learn that__ .A．Deka was adopted by a refugee familyB．Deka spent a lot of time going to partiesC．Deka's experiences drove her to work hardD．Deka became a professor after graduation5．Deka realized the importance of education ______.A．after her chemistry class B．from her mother's experienceC．by reading books in the library D．through working at the institute6．According to the last paragraph, Deka advised that students be ______.A．patient B．generousC．adaptable D．confident7．What does the story intend to tell us?A．Hard work leads to success. B．Practice makes perfect.C．Well begun is half done. D．Life is not all roses.B【广东省高州市2021届高三下学期第二次模拟】When my grandmother Deed was young she contracted polio (小儿麻痹症). She was kept in bed for the better part of a year and lost the use of her right leg. She was raising my young father on her own, so it felt like an impossible situation. Her family gave her much support and encouragement. Slowly but surely, Deed learned not only to deal, but to thrive with her disability. People thought she was crazy when she wanted to start her own business, but she was determined. She borrowed money from the bank for her business. She went on to run a successful company and became one of the first women entrepreneurs in the city of Revere, Massachusetts.I truly believe polio was a gift to my grandmother. It strengthened her beliefs and made her strong and resilient (有适应力的), but it also forced her to slow down and think about everything quietly and seriously. She never complained about her condition, not once.However, I often got angry and complained when things weren't going my way. Deed would turn to me and gave me advice on my next move. Though far from Hollywood (she lived on Lake Winnipesaukee in New Hampshire), Deed seemed to know answers to the problems that seemed to puzzle me. She was my trusted mentor (导师). With each visit, she would help me better myself; expand my mind and go after bigger dreams.I became confident, more driven and focused on what I wanted to achieve. Each step of the way, Deed was there to cheer me on. The more I leaned back out of fear, the more she challenged me to walk further to the possibilities.Within a month of selling my first screenplay, Deed passed away. She is on my mind daily. Now, whenever I deal with career issues that scare me, I would remind myself of her greatest piece of advice: Sit down and take a breath. It will all work out.4．What is the first paragraph mainly about?A．Introducing Deed to us.B．Telling us what Deed suffered.C．Showing us the author's family.D．Informing us about Deed's disease.5．What can we conclude from Deed's disability?A．Every dog has its day. B．Every coin has two sides.C．Hard work pays off. D．Time and tide wait for no man.6．What would Deed do when the author got puzzled in life?A．Complain to him. B．Give him some advice.C．Explain the trouble to him. D．Move a step forward to him.7．Why does the author write this text?A．To tell us how he got success. B．To give us some advice on life.C．To show us his life in the childhood. D．To remember his grandmother.B【山东省潍坊市2021届高三5月模拟考试（三模）】Of the estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard the Titanic when it struck an iceberg and sank on April 15, 1912, a mere 700 people lived on. Here is one story of the Titanic survivors whose stories are still haunting more than a century after the ship's sinking, revealing the true facts of the disaster.A junior wireless officer aboard the Titanic, Harold Bride was one of the two people responsible for sending SOS messages to nearby ships, thus allowing the Carpathian to rescue the Titanic survivors.He and another man on duty, Jack Phillips, raced to send SOS signals to nearby ships－but as the communications specialists, they knew that the closest,the Carpathian,would likely not arrive until alter the Titanic sank. They worked wildly until Captain Edward Smith came and told them they were relieved of duty；the ship had nearly lost power, and only two lifeboats remained.They made a run for Collapsible B and were just getting it into the water when a wave swept across thedeck(甲板),throwing both Harold Bride and the upturned boat into the ocean.Bride and 15 others struggled onto the waterlogged, sinking Collapsible B and survived until other lifeboats collected them and conveyed them to the Carpathian.Once aboard the Carpathian, Bride got back to work and began helping the ship's wireless officer send messages from the other Titanic survivors.When the Carpathian made land, Bride had to be carried ashore: he had injured one foot in the plunge into the ocean, and the other was frostbitten after a night in the Atlantic's icy waters.4．Which can replace the underlined word "haunting" in paragraph 1 ?A．confusing . B．unforgettable. C．romantic. D．contradictory.5．What was Bride's job on the Titanic during the accident?A．Rescuing the Titanic survivors.B．Investigating the problems of the Titanic.C．Sending signals to ships around for help.D．Receiving SOS signals from nearby ships.6．What happened to Bride after he was dismissed from his duty?A．He stayed there to continue his work.B．He escaped in a lifeboat immediately.C．He turned off the power of the Titanic.D．He was washed into the sea by a wave.7．Which of the following best describes Bride?A．Responsible and helpful.B．Intelligent and brave.C．Tough and ambitious.D．Considerate and humble.B【华大新高考联盟2021届高三4月教学质量测评】My brother, Michael and I are crazy about houses. On Aug 1, 2016, I was driving through the Northern Neck of Virginia with him. We had found an abandoned Italianate farmhouse with weeds up to our waist. When admiring the property my brother rolled up the unlocked garage door. “Holy smokes!” There sat this Mercedes. Seeing the number 6.9 on its back, I immediately recognized this to be a rare and unique find.The car’s door was unloc ked and in the glovebox, I found insurance papers. It turned out that the owner was a dead country doctor.It took me a year to find his widow’s(寡妇的) address, in Richmond. Twice I made thetwo-hour drive just to knock on her door, striking out both times. On the third try her neighbor was outside and I was able to get the widow’s phone number.I logged approximately 25 voice mails,and still nothing.It was, I thought, just bad luck. I called one last time and heard a voice: “Hello?” From that point on, we str uck up a friendship.In July 2018, two years after finding the car, I was ready to buy it from her. We met in the middle —somewhere around what a new Toyota might cost. Still,the night before, I called my brother and said, “I am getting cold feet.” What was I doing buying an old Mercedes? He said, “You are buying that great car. And I promise y ou, the friendship you will make as a result will make this car worth every penny.” And he was right.24．Why did the author go to the Northern Neck?A．To visit his brother. B．To check the house.C．To buy the unique car. D．To enjoy the beautiful sights.25．What can we infer from the second and third paragraphs?A．The author had trouble finding the car owner.B．The car was the doctor’s only possession.C．The widow was unwilling to sell the car.D．The car was in bad conditions.26．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?A．He was shocked by the price.B．He was hesitating to make the decision.C．He cared about money more than the car.D．The weather that day was quite cold.27．What did Michael think of buying the car?A．It was a waste of money.B．It would cost a great deal.C．Buying the car brought good friendship.D．His brother made a good bargain buying it.B【江苏省苏州中学2021届高考英语模拟（4月）】As a geothermal scientist, I know that boiling rivers exist—but they are always near volcanoes. You need a lot of heat to make that much water boil. We were working in the volcanic gap, a 950-mile-long area that covers most of Peru, where there hasn’t been active volcanism f or the past two million years.Yet we’d found the Shanaya, a name originated from “heating thing”. My measurements averaged 190°-195°F. The locals think it’s so hot because of the Yacumama, or “water mother”—a spirit who gives birth to waters—represented by a snake-head-shaped rock at the origin of the heated water.I had to cut my way through the bush at the side of the river to take temperature readings. All the while, right next to me was this very hot, fast-flowing body of water. A friend at the nearest village had told me, “Use your feet like eyes.” You can’t see heat, but you can feel it wh en you step near it. I wore sandals(凉鞋）.I was at a part of the river measuring 210°F, standing on a rock the size of a sheet or paper, when the rain fell. It was like a curtain rising. The temperature differential between the rain and the river caused a w hiteout. I couldn’t see, but I whistled to let my partner know I was OK.At 130°F flesh cooks, and the water around me was nearing twice that. My eyes would have cooked in less than a minute, and I couldn’t have seen how to get out. I saw rats fall in, the ir eyes turning milky white. I keptwhistling.After 15 minutes the rain stopped and the steam cleared. A hard rain in most situations would have been nothing important. Here, for a matter of minutes, it thinned the line between researching and being boiled alive. 4．What do we know about boiling rivers?A．They are always found not far from volcanoes.B．They were discovered two million years ago.C．Geothermal scientists doubt their existence.D．Most of them can be found in Peru.5．Why did the author wore sandals ?A．It was convenient to wear sandals in the river.B．He was advised to do so by his friend.C．He wanted to feel heat with his feet.D．The temperature was high there.6．What happened to the author when it rained?A．He signaled to his partner for help.B．He was in danger of losing his life.C．He raised a curtain to protect himself.D．He fell down because of his blindness.7．What is the best title for the text?A．Water near volcanoes.B．Milky white eyes.C．Boiling point.D．A hard rain.B【广东省汕头市2021届高三二模】A boat floated peacefully on the crystal-blue water. “How fascinating! ” Antonio told to his friends, who shared a passion for diving. In the following diving, unfortunately, he was trapped with his friend, who shared the oxygen with Antonio but died afterwards. Antonio breathed hard on his mouthpiece, but there was nothing left.He started to scream and kept screaming until he had no voice. As hours passed and Antonio failed to surface, his other friends rushed for help.Shortly the local divers came to rescue, but in vain. Years of experience told them, lost in the cave, one must be dead. They considered going back in but decided against it because of the incoming dark, the muddy water and the lack of help. Too risky.Asked for help, Peter, a chief fro gman, began to plan the next morning’s operations, knowing hurried preparation was deadly. He had narrow escapes from death. Each time, though, training and a cool head saved him. Suddenly, a thought struck him. "Who said he died? That guy may be alive!” T he next morning, Peter was suited up. Before a dive, he prayed.Antonio "dreamed” he was drowning. He forced himself awake but couldn't feel his body. He was too tir ed to feel scared. Entering the cave, Peter found Antonio. On touching him, a hand closed around his left wrist Peter knew the young man must be kept from panicking. Gently he passed his mouthpiece to Antonio. He heard Antonio take a couple of breaths before handing the mouthpiece back. Antonio was trying to share oxygen with him, Peter realized. How unbelievable was that, after 17 hours in this hole, his mind still stayed cool!Antonio was treated in the nearest hospital. Doctors said he wouldn’t have surv ived more than another hour in the cave. When Peter finally climbed back into his car, he doubled up, sobbing. He felt he took part in a miracle. Somehow an unseen hand that had guided Antonio to a tiny air pocket in the cave guided him there too. Where he should have found death, he had met life.4．How did Antonio feel in the cave?A．Delighted. B．Cautious. C．Thrilled. D．Scared.5．Why did Peter decide not to operate immediately?A．Because Antonio was believed to be dead.B．Because the conditions were risky.C．Because the hurried help couldn't help.D．Because the local divers achieved nothing.6．What can we infer from Paragraph 4?A．Antonio didn't give in to the desperate situation. B．Antonio had a dream of drowning.C．Antonio longed to sleep tight. D．Antonio pulled Peter down with him.7．What made Peter deeply touched in the end?A．Antonio’s injur y. B．Humans' desire to survive.C．Peter's own kindness. D．Antonio's friend's death.B【河北省唐山市2021届高考三模】The idea of climbing Everest disgusted me. The mountain came to represent the opposite of everything that I loved and respected about climbing. What had once been the final mountain climbing goal became the focus of a commercial guiding industry. Over the years, the crowds at Base Camp grew, leaving behind tons of trash. Whenever I was asked whether I'd climbed Everest, my answer was always the same: not interested.That's probably where my personal Everest story would have ended, were it not for an old friend and his obsession （念念不忘）with one of the greatest mysteries. In 1999, Thom Pollard began to explore and found the remains of George Mallory, the celebrated British climber who disappeared while attempting to be the first to climb Everest. But Mallory's partner, Sandy Irvine - and the camera he had likely carried - were not found. The mountain climbing world has been wondering whether they might have reached the top in 1924.Pollard's story moved me. I began to pack for the climb and expected that our advanced equipment would make it manageable, perhaps easy. I was wrong. On the highest point on the planet, I was more tired than I'd ever been in any climbing. Along the way, I continuously tipped my hat, not just to Mallory and Irvine but to anyone who has the drive to push himself or herself up this route. My search was in vain, but I began to reconsider Everest.I witnessed many climbers, who were much more than just self-centered tourists. We shared route information, weather forecasts, and family photos - all united around common goals.I went to Everest to seek Irvine. But in the end, I found something more difficult to get: the spirit that Irvine and Mallory shared. It was hiding in plain sight, right where it has always been: inside the brave souls who risk so much to follow in storied adventurers' footsteps up Everest.24．Why did the author hate climbing Everest at first?A．His climbing goal was changed.B．He couldn't afford the climbing cost.C．It became an industry to make money.D．There were crowds of people at the Base Camp.25．Why did the author climb Everest later?A．He desired to change his life. B．He got motivated by Thom Pollard.C．He admired Mallory and Irvine. D．He attempted to be a celebrated climber.26．What does the underlined phrase “tipped my hat" in Paragraph 3 mean?A．Showed my respect. B．Presented my success.C．Conveyed my wishes. D．Expressed my satisfaction.27．In the last paragraph the author mainly showed hisA．regret. B．concern.C．confidence. D．admiration.B【湖北省十堰市2020-2021学年高三下学期4月调研】Jean was a single mother with a young son. She taught the first grade and worked very hard. She drove a small old car. One August, the teachers returned from a summer break to see Jean drive up to school with three children. The two girls were Jean’s former students who had lost their parents. They did not wa nt to enter a foster care center. They turned to Jean-their first grade teacher-for help. Though she and her son lived in a small house, Jean took the girls in.During lunch, while other teachers shared life stories, Jean never complained about her new responsibilities. She did, however, speak about her car. With three children to transport, the car was too small and slow. It even burned engine oil. Jean needed something new. However, she couldn’t buy one with three children in her home.As a good friend, I listened to her concerns. At that time, I did not have much money. But I wanted to help Jean buy a car. An idea hit me when I watched a TV show.One day, Jean received an invitation to a TV show. She was surprised but decided to attend it. Midway through the show the host called Jean to the stage. He explained he had received a letter, knowing her need for a new car. The audience listened to the details of Jean’s story and were all moved. Then the host said that Jean would receive a new car for her family. Cheers filled the studio and Jean shook with disbelief.Six hundred miles away, I watched the joy of it all from the television in my living room. Jean’s big heart taught me many lessons that year. I did nothing but share her story.4．What can we infer about Jean according to the first paragraph?A．She was a driver.B．She was very kind-hearted.C．She knew the girls’ parents.D．She wanted to sell her small car.5．What troubled Jean?A．She found it hard to raise kids alone.B．She couldn’t afford to buy a new car.C．She couldn’t spare more time for her students.D．She had no time to transport her kids to school.6．Why did Jean receive an invitation to the show?A．The author turned to the show for help.B．The school rewarded her for her hard work.C．The school wanted to make her story known.D．The show picked some single mothers to report randomly. 7．What can be the best title for the text?A．A Letter from My FriendB．Helping My Friend Get a CarC．Inviting My Friend to a ShowD．A Single Mother with Three Kids。
03《诫子书》(学生版)-2022年中考语文课内文言文基础巩固对比阅读拓展提升
《诫子书》第一课时：课内文言巩固一、文学常识《诫子书》选自《诸葛亮集》，作者诸葛亮，字孔明，三国时蜀汉政治家、军事家。
二、文意梳理诫子书夫君子之行，静以修身，俭以养德。
非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远。
夫学须静也，才须学也，非学无以广才，非志无以成学。
淫慢则不能励精，险躁则不能治性。
年与时驰，意与日去，遂成枯落，多不接世，悲守穷庐，将复何及！【注释】（1）夫（fú）：助词，用于句首，表示发端。
（2）淡泊：内心恬淡，不慕名利。
（3）明志：明确志向。
明，明确，坚定。
（4）致远：达到远大目标。
致，达到。
（5）广才：增长才干。
（6）淫慢：放纵懈怠。
淫，放纵。
慢，懈怠。
（7）励精：振奋精神。
励，振奋。
（8）险躁：轻薄浮躁，与上文“宁静”相对而言。
险，轻薄。
（9）治性：修养性情。
治，修养。
（10）驰：疾行，这里指迅速逝去。
（11）枯落：比喻人年老志衰，没有用处。
（12）多不接世：意思是对社会没有任何贡献。
（13）将复何及：又怎么来得及。
【译文】品德高尚、德才兼备的人，是依靠内心安静精力集中来修养身心的，是依靠俭朴的作风来培养品德的。
不看清世俗的名利就不能明确自己的志向，不身心宁静就不能实现远大的理想。
学习必须专心致志，增长才干必须刻苦学习。
不努力学习就不能增长才智，不明确志向就不能在学习上获得成就。
过度享乐和怠惰散漫就不能奋发向上，轻浮急躁就不能陶冶性情。
年年岁岁时日飞驰，意志也随光阴一日日逝去，于是渐渐枯零凋落，大多不能融入社会，可悲地守着贫寒的居舍，那时（后悔）哪来得及！【主旨】《诫子书》中作者概括了自己做人治学的经验，劝勉儿子勤学立志，表达了自己对后代寄予志存高远的厚望。
三、课文探究1.赏析“非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远”？这句话既是诸葛亮一生经历的总结，更是对他儿子的要求。
在这里诸葛亮用的是“双重否定”的句式，以强烈而委婉的语气表现了他对儿子的教诲与无限的期望。
2.诸葛亮是从哪两个方面进行论述的？论述又是怎样展开的？诸葛亮是从学习和做人两个方面进行论述的。
学生的名词解释333
学生的名词解释333学生是指在教育机构接受教育的年轻人或年轻一代。
他们通常以学习为主要任务，通过参加各种教育活动来获取知识和技能，并准备将来的职业和生活。
学生是教育系统的重要组成部分，教育机构为他们提供了一个有组织的学习环境和丰富的学习资源。
学生通常按照年龄、学业水平和兴趣爱好被划分到不同的班级和学校中。
在学校中，学生与其他同学和老师共同学习，他们通过参加课堂教学、完成作业、参加考试和参与课外活动来提升自己的知识和能力。
作为学生，他们承担着学习的责任和义务。
学习不仅仅是为了通过考试，更重要的是为了获取知识和提升自己的综合素质。
学生需要针对学业进行规划和安排，制定学习目标，并按照计划进行学习。
他们需要主动参与学校提供的各种培训和课程，积极参加讨论和互动，在实践中运用所学知识，培养解决问题和合作的能力。
学生的成功与失败不仅仅取决于他们的智力水平，更取决于他们的学习态度和学习方法。
学生应该保持积极的学习态度，对学习抱有兴趣和热情。
他们应该主动展开思考，提出问题，追求真理，并通过自主学习和团队协作来获取知识。
同时，学生还应该灵活运用各种学习方法，如课前预习、课堂笔记、复习总结等，提高学习效果。
学生不仅仅是知识的获取者，更是社会责任的承担者。
他们应该有社会责任感，积极参与社区服务和公益活动。
通过参与志愿者工作、参加社团组织和开展实践活动，学生能够锻炼自己的管理和组织能力，培养团队合作和沟通能力，并为社会发展做出贡献。
尽管学生生涯可能面临各种困难和挑战，但学生应该保持坚持不懈的精神，克服困难并迎接挑战。
他们应该相信自己的潜力和能力，不断努力学习，不断提升自己。
同时，学生还应该树立正确的人生观和价值观，培养良好的行为习惯和道德品质。
最后，作为学生，他们的未来是美好的，充满着各种可能性和机遇。
他们应该珍惜学习的时光，不断追求知识和智慧，为自己的未来做好准备。
只有经过努力学习和不断进步，学生才能更好地适应社会的需求，为建设美好的未来做出贡献。
教师课堂管理培训
2023-12-30
目录
• 课堂管理概述 • 课堂管理技巧 • 课堂纪律与规则 • 课堂氛围营造 • 教师自我管理与提升
01
课堂管理概述
课堂管理的定义与重要性
课堂管理的定义
课堂管理是指教师在课堂上为了实现有效的教学，协调 、控制、整合各种教学因素，最终实现教学目标的过程 。
课堂管理的重要性
惩罚要适度，避免过度惩 罚给学生造成不良影响， 可以采用口头警告、课后 留堂等方式。
处理违纪行为的方法与策略
及时干预和处理
一旦发现学生违纪，教师应及时 进行干预和处理，避免事态扩大
。
保持冷静和理智
面对违纪行为，教师不应过于激动 或情绪化，要保持冷静和理智，公 正处理。
家校合作共同管理
加强与家长的沟通与合作，共同关 注学生的行为问题，形成教育合力 。
组织小组活动
将学生分成小组进行讨论、合作完成作业等活动 ，培养学生的团队协作能力和沟通能力。
鼓励团队分享
鼓励学生分享自己的想法和经验，促进团队成员 之间的互相学习和成长。
强调团队目标
引导学生树立团队意识，强调团队目标的重要性 ，培养学生的集体荣誉感和合作精神。
05
教师自我管理与提升
教师自我情绪的管理
情绪认知
教师需要了解自己的情绪，识别情绪的来源，以便更好地控制情 绪。
情绪调节
教师需要掌握一些情绪调节技巧，如深呼吸、冥想等，以保持冷 静和稳定。
情绪表达
教师需要学会适当地表达自己的情绪，与学生和同事进行有效的 沟通。
教师专业素养的提升
专业知识更新
教师需要不断学习新的学 科知识和教育理论，提高 自己的专业水平。
鼓励自我评价和反思
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管窥当代大学生
题记
我一直坚信：了解学生，进而理解、尊重、 信任学生，是教师的教育教学能促进学生成 长的基础。当代大学生生活、成长于一个多 元化、碎片化的环境中，呈现出典型的差异 化倾向，了解并理解他们，并不是一件容易 的事。同时，在看待当代大学生时，每个人 都有自己的视角，自然也有不同的结论。
给90后画像
性格二：理‚财‛有道 理财‚小算盘‛在90后的日常生活中比比 皆是。他们知道节流，更注重开源。年长者 节俭度日的唠叨，常常换来90后的嘲笑： 你out了。Money赚了就是要花的。他们懂 得享受生活，也懂得计划自己的财富。在 90后眼里，资源、才华、人脉、亲情、健 康都归入‚财‛列，需要精心打理。
大学生多数处于青年中期(18-24岁) 。在这 个阶段，个体的生理发展已接近完成，已具 备了成年人的体格及种种生理功能，但其心 理和社会性的发展水平距成年人尚有一定差 距。对大学生而言，所面临的一个重要任务 就是促使心理和社会性的发展。概言之，青 年中期是走向真正独立的关键期。
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大学生的年龄特征
28
大学生的一般心理特征
1、要求独立，但仍依赖父母和老师 2、喜欢交往，但缺乏相应的技巧 3、追求时尚，但鉴别能力不高 4、期望值高，但实际能力欠强 5、情绪强烈，但稳定性偏低
大学生的心理特点
（1）要求独立自主 （2）对未来充满憧憬 （3）乐于接受竞争 （4）崇尚自由、公正、公平 （5）容易冲动 （6）心理容易受打击 （7）智力发达，性意识增强
总体上看，青年（包括大学生）更多地被赋 予了一种消极的形象。其原因是多方面的， 其中，成人（无意识的）将自己年轻时的不 可靠性和鲁莽行为附加给了今天的年轻人， 是青年消极形象形成的一个重要原因。
80后的际遇
一出生就没挨饿 一上学就没听课 一毕业就没工作
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80后的感叹
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大学生心理发展的任务
“青年初期最重要的心理过程是自我意识和 稳固的‘自我’形象的形成。‛‚青年初期 最有价值的心理成果就是发现了自己的内部 世界，对于青年来说，这种发现与哥白尼当 时的革命同等重要‛－－科恩 一般认为，大学生心理发展的主要任务是形 成自我同一性和学会建立亲密关系。
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自我意识
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媒体中的青年形象
“被溺爱的一代‛ ‚草莓一代‛ ‚鸟巢一代‛ ‚愤青一代‛ 青年好似飞机：你在新闻中听到的只能是飞 机失事的消息，在电视中能看到的多是青年 出问题。
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父母和老师眼中的青年形象
父母：现在的孩子‚身在福中不知福‛！ 老师：现在的学生是一代不如一代！
我的观点
给90后画像
性格六：亲情现代观 爱孩子不是付出就有回报的，娇惯反而会 绊住孩子成长的脚步，消解他向上的动力， 在关键时刻的支持才能让他体验到逆境中爆 发力量的成就感。高质量的两代人关系其实 比单方面的父爱母爱更重要。要教会孩子凝 视爸爸慈爱的眼睛和感受妈妈温暖的手，少 点抱怨、少点恨铁不成钢。
自我意识的结构
自我意识
现实自我
投射自我
理想自我
自我立场对目前 镜中自我：想象中他人 状态的评价和看法 对自己的看法和评价
完善自我的境界 个人追求的目标
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自我意识的形成过程
自我意识是在社会交往过程中，随着语 言和思维的发展而发展，起始于婴幼儿 时期，萌芽于少年童年期，形成于青春 期，发展于青年期，完善于成年期。个 体的自我意识从发生发展到相对稳定， 大约经过20多年的时间。其中，青少年 阶段是自我意识发展最重要的时期。
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自我形象的助力
老师
父亲母亲 （家庭生活）
求学经历
社会经历 （同僚、同学）
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自我形象的阻力和破坏力
老师
父亲母亲 （家庭生活）
求学经历
社会经历 （同伴、同学）
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大学生自我意识的常见问题
过度自卑 过度自我认同 自我中心 苛求完美
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过度自卑
自卑感是对自己不满、否定的情感，往往 是自尊心屡屡受挫的结果。这类人自我认 识不客观，往往只看到自我缺点而忽略了 自我的长处，不喜欢自己、不能容忍自己 的缺点和弱点，否定、抱怨、指责自己， 看不到自己的价值，或夸大自己的不足， 感到自己什么都不如他人，处处低人一等 ，丧失信心，严重的还可能由自我否定发 展为自我厌恶甚至走向自我毁灭。
霍尔将青年期称之为‚疾风怒涛‛的动荡起 伏不稳定的时期 。他认为，从12、13~22 、25岁为青年期，复演着人类浪漫主义时 代，正是在经历了各种内部冲突和更替之后 ，才最终复演成为人类文明的一员。
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学者眼中的青年形象
‚穿着似游民，举止象野汉‛，‚如果从他 的一只耳朵望进去，就能看见另一只耳朵透 过来的光亮。‛－哈尔.博伊尔，1951
自我控制
自立、自主、 自制、自强、 自卫、自信、 自律等
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自我意识的结构
自我意识
生理自我
社会自我
心理自我
温饱感、饥饿感、 舒适感、病痛感、 对身高、体重、 容貌、性别的认识
对自己的地位、 角色、权利、 义务、责任、 力量等的认识
对自己的感知、记忆、 智慧、兴趣、爱好、 气质、能力、性格、 情绪等的认识和体验 40
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当代大学生的生存境遇
在我看来，当代大学生的生存境遇甚 为‚尴尬‛ 。就物质条件说，他们多 数生活成长于一个物质丰盈的年代； 就精神方面而言，他们生活成长于多 元化、碎片化的世界，而被‚价值沦 丧‛；同时，他们生活成长于一个快 速嬗变的时代，承受着 ‚文化断裂‛ 的折磨。
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大学生的身心发展概貌
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提示
过强的自尊心和过强 的自卑感是密切联系 互为一体的。那些自 尊心表现得越外显、 强烈的人往往是极度 自卑的人。自尊心、 自卑感过强都会影响 大学生的心理发展和 人格成熟。
饼干刁在嘴巴上
双脚跷在桌面上
假期大学生画像
二、作息表 四点还在电脑上 十一点还在床上 十二点在餐桌上 下午又在电脑上
假期大学生画像
三、其他 垃圾丢在地上
被服pia在床上
面膜帖在脸上
脏衣甩在凳上
门窗定要关上
假期大学生画像
空调必须开上 出门提包带上 有钱一定用上 老娘气在脸上 老z恨在心上
学者眼中的青年形象
给90后画像
性格三：国际范儿 中国90后的英语说得地道，英文歌曲唱得 纯真，与国际同龄人的文化差异也很小。较 之60后、70后、80后，他们具备了更开阔 的国际视野与更强大的思维能力。90后是 现实社会中最‚国际化‛的一代，他们承载 了中国从世界大国向世界强国崛起的希望与 未来。
给90后画像
给90后画像
性格五：反孤独 自称为‚网络原住民‛的90后，身上被贴 得最多的标签就‚自我‛、‚孤独‛、‚冷 漠‛，但90后说：‚其实我们自己从来不 这么认为。‛身为独生子女，他们其实比有 兄弟姐妹的人更渴望友情、珍惜友情。他们 在交友上从不刻意，更不功利。他们喜欢建 立自己的朋友圈，而且喜欢有多种类型的伙 伴。
给90后画像
性格九：娱乐精神 宣称‚我每天可以吃的有限，穿的有限， 花的有限，但是开心必须无限‛的90后， 是娱乐能力超强的一代。在他们眼中，娱乐 是天性的释放，是让自己更开心的生活方式 。相比我们任何一代人，他们都更加希 望 ‚在娱乐中生活，也在娱乐中学习和成 长‛。
假期大学生画像
一、上网 眼睛盯在屏幕上 左手放在手机上 右手敲在键盘上 耳机戴在耳朵上
当代大学生的心理特征
批判性思维增强 感情脆弱、意志薄弱、依赖性强 爱情、婚姻、性等道德观念发生变化，具有 强烈的相对主义色彩。 思维活跃，主体意识增强 ‚出世‛与‚入世‛的双重个性
我的看法
我认为，人须经历三次‚诞生‛才能成为真 正意义上的人。‚第一次诞生‛ 是通过分 娩摆脱了对母体的生理依赖，成为独立的生 物个体；‚第二次诞生‛是借助‚背叛‛摆 脱了父母的意志或对父母的精神依赖，成为 独立的精神主体；‚第三次诞生‛是凭借自 立摆脱对家庭的经济依赖，成为自主的社会 主体。大学生处于‚第二次诞生‛的巩固期 和 ‚第三次诞生‛的孕育期，位于个体成 长的关键阶段。
当我们读小学的时候，读大学不要钱； 当我们读大学的时候，读小学不要钱。 当我们还不能工作的时候，工作是分配的； 当我们可以工作的时候，头破血流也难抢到工作 。 当我们不能挣钱的时候，房子是分配的； 当我们能挣钱的时候，却发现房子已经买不起了 。 当我们没找对象的时候，姑娘是讲心的； 当我们找对象的时候，姑娘是讲金的……
“认识你自己！‛——古希腊刻在神庙上的 铭言
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自我意识的含义
自我意识是对自己存在的觉察,是个体反映 自身及其与外部世界关系的脑的机能活动 。它对人格的形成、发展起着调节、监控和 矫正的作用。
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自我意识的结构
自我意识
自我认识
自我感觉 自我观察 自我观念
自我体验
自我感受、 自爱、自尊、自恃、 自卑、责任感、 义务感、优越感等
智能发展达到高峰 情感情绪日益丰富 自我适应增强
大学生发展的基本特征
（一）各方面发展的不平衡：生理，心理， 社会等方面迅速发展，但各方面的发展速度 是不均衡的，集中表现为生理的成熟超前于 心理和社会的成熟。 （二）心理发展具有矛盾性的特点：性需求 的冲动与社会规范的矛盾、独立性与依赖性 的矛盾、闭锁性与要求交往的矛盾、言行不 一的矛盾、自傲与自卑的矛盾等。